Lifestyle is related to many chronic diseases,such as knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Food intake is important because it can be controlled.However,the causal relationship of food intake and KOA still remain unclear.To ident...Lifestyle is related to many chronic diseases,such as knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Food intake is important because it can be controlled.However,the causal relationship of food intake and KOA still remain unclear.To identify the relationship between food intake and KOA and to screen relevant targets.First,we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.A total of 16 kinds of food intake datasets were included,the inverse variance-weighted analysis showed that the KOA was negatively correlated with cereal intake(odds ratio(OR)0.48;95%CI 0.35-0.68;P=1.98×10−5).Second,potential drug targets of KOA in plasma were explored,secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC,or osteonectin),SPARC,Cwcv,and Kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2(SPOCK2)as the causal protein for plasma with KOA,and increased SPOCK2(OR 0.84;95%CI 0.77-0.92;P=5.52×10−5),decreased the risk of KOA.Integrated transcriptomic analysis(P=0.0285)and in vivo(P=0.0395)showed consistent results.Finally,by metabolomics analysis and molecular docking,seven co-expressed small molecules were detected in cereal and were bound to SPOCK2.Our findings indicate the cereal intake was negatively correlated with KOA,and support the SPOCK2 as a novel potential target for cereal intake in KOA.Our study will provide a clinical dietary guidance for KOA patients and a theoretical basis for the development of novel,side-effect-free drugs for KOA.展开更多
Industry and energy continue to require piston engines(PICE)at a high level worldwide.Therefore,science and technology must urgently work on improving the PICE working cycle.Improving the quality of the intake process...Industry and energy continue to require piston engines(PICE)at a high level worldwide.Therefore,science and technology must urgently work on improving the PICE working cycle.Improving the quality of the intake process of theworking fluid into the cylinder is one of the most effective ways to improve the operational performance of PICE.The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of various cylinder head(CylH)designs on the gas-dynamic and heat-exchange qualities of air flows within an engine model’s intake system.Three different CylH designs were studied:the basic configuration and upgraded cylinder heads with a square valve and a square valve port.These designs are innovative.Laboratory conditions were used to conduct the studies for stationary air flow.The experiments covered the range of Reynolds numbers from 8500 to 96,000.The intake system’s gas dynamics and heat transfer were determined using the thermal anemometry method,which was based on constant-temperature hot-wire anemometers.It has been established that the use of upgraded CylHs causes an increase in the turbulence number of flow by an average of 13.5%.Additionally,itwas found that the increase in the turbulence number of flowin the cylinder is about 19%when installing new CylH designs.It was shown that therewas an increase in the heat transfer coefficient in the intake pipe by 10%–40%when installing modernized CylH designs in the intake system.The article focused on the problems of increasing the turbulence level and intensifying the heat transfer of stationary air flow in the intake system,specifically in PICEs.The study’s findings are novel in the areas of applied gas dynamics and PICEs.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to reexplore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis.Methods Data from 171 Chinese adults(19–21 ...Objective This study aimed to reexplore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis.Methods Data from 171 Chinese adults(19–21 years old)were collected and analyzed based on three balance studies in Shenzhen,Yinchuan,and Changzhi.The single exponential equation was accordingly used to simulate the trajectory of 24 h urinary iodine excretion as the low iodine experimental diets offered(iodine intake:11-26μg/day)and to further deduce the dietary reference intakes(DRIs)for iodine,including estimated average requirement(EAR)and recommended nutrient intake(RNI).Results The minimum iodine excretion was estimated as 57,58,and 51μg/day in three balance studies,respectively.Moreover,it was further suggested as 57,58,and 51μg/day for iodine EAR,and 80,81,and 71μg/day for iodine RNI or expressed as 1.42,1.41,and 1.20μg/(day·kg)of body weight.Conclusion The iodine DRIs for Chinese adults were established based on the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis,which provides scientific support for the amendment of nutrient requirements.展开更多
The intake system of a racing engine plays a crucial role in determining its performance,particularly in terms of volumetric efficiency,power output,and throttle response.According to Formula Society of Automotive Eng...The intake system of a racing engine plays a crucial role in determining its performance,particularly in terms of volumetric efficiency,power output,and throttle response.According to Formula Society of Automotive Engineers(FSAE)regulations,the engine intake systemmust incorporate a 20mmdiameter flow-limiting valve within the intake manifold.This restriction significantly reduces the airflow into the engine,leading to a substantial drop in power output.To mitigate this limitation,the intake system requires a redesign.In this study,theoretical calculations and one-dimensional thermodynamic simulations are employed to determine the optimal parameters for the intake system.A numerical simulation of the intake system’s flow field is then conducted to refine its structure and layout.Finally,experiments are performed on an engine equipped with the optimized intake system,and its feasibility is evaluated based on experimental results.Thefindings indicate that the maximumengine torque increases from56.36 to 59.91 N⋅m,while the maximum power output rises from 59.16 to 63.94 kW.To further enhance performance and adaptability across different competitions,a variable-length intakemanifold control system is also designed,improving both power delivery and overall operational stability of the racing car.展开更多
This study addresses the issue of spray icing on the air intake grilles of ship power systems in cold maritime environments.Through numerical simulation methods,the influence of environmental parameters on icing chara...This study addresses the issue of spray icing on the air intake grilles of ship power systems in cold maritime environments.Through numerical simulation methods,the influence of environmental parameters on icing characteristics is revealed,and an energy-efficient zoned electric heating anti-icing strategy is proposed.A threedimensional grille model is constructed to systematically analyze the effects of environmental temperature(from−20℃to−4℃),droplet diameter(from 50μm to 500μm),and liquid water content(from 0.5 g/m³to 8 g/m³)on icing rates and blockage of the flow channel.The results indicate that low temperature and high liquid water content significantly exacerbate icing.Under the condition of an environmental temperature of−20℃,droplet diameter of 500μm,and liquid water content of 8 g/m³,the flow channel blockage ratio reaches 30.95%within 10 min.Additionally,as droplet diameter increases,the droplet impingement and icing regions become more concentrated toward the leading edge of blades.To mitigate grille icing in cold environments,an electric heating film configuration is employed for thermal protection.Optimization of the heating strategy reveals that the zoned heating approach,compared to the initial uniform heating scheme,effectively homogenizes surface temperature distribution while reducing total power consumption by 37.47%.This study validates the engineering applicability of the zoned electric heating anti/de-icing strategy,providing theoretical and technical support for the design of anti-icing systems in ship power systems operating in cold maritime regions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but is associated with an increased risk for development of eating disorders.Indeed,numerous maladaptive eating behaviors and eating disorders ...BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but is associated with an increased risk for development of eating disorders.Indeed,numerous maladaptive eating behaviors and eating disorders have been described following bariatric surgery.However,the differentiation of pathologic eating patterns from expected dietary changes following bariatric surgery can sometimes be difficult to discern.CASE SUMMARY A female in her early 40s presented for medical stabilization of severe protein calorie malnutrition after losing 52.3 kg over the last six months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,with subsequent development of cyclic nausea and vomiting.Fear of these aversive physical symptoms led to further restriction of nutritional intake and weight loss.The patient was diagnosed with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder,which has not been previously reported after bariatric surgery.CONCLUSION Improvement in the diagnostic nomenclature for feeding and eating disorders is warranted for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery.展开更多
Iodine is an essential element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Iodine deficiency increases the burden on thyroid function and causes harm to health.The identification of convenient and reliable biomarkers for as...Iodine is an essential element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Iodine deficiency increases the burden on thyroid function and causes harm to health.The identification of convenient and reliable biomarkers for assessing iodine nutritional status is essential for evaluating iodine intake.Urinary iodine concentration(UIC)is commonly used for population level iodine status assessment but is less reliable for individuals.A 24-h urine sample is more accurate but difficult to collect[1].Thyroid volume(Tvol)and goiter rate are suitable for evaluating the long-term iodine nutritional status in populations[2].Blood indicator collection is an invasive procedure.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the causal relationship between dietary intake and myopia using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.METHODS:Genome-wide association study(GWAS)data from the IEU Open GWAS database were utilized to e...AIM:To investigate the causal relationship between dietary intake and myopia using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.METHODS:Genome-wide association study(GWAS)data from the IEU Open GWAS database were utilized to examine associations between myopia and various dietary factors.MR analysis,incorporating both univariable and multivariable approaches,assessed the impact of food intake on myopia risk through five analytical methods,with inverse variance weighted(IVW)serving as the primary reference.Sensitivity analyses,including heterogeneity assessment,horizontal pleiotropy evaluation,and leave-oneout analysis,were conducted to validate the MR findings.RESULTS:Univariable MR analysis identified a causal link between food intake and myopia.Consumption of breaded fish,canned soup,sweet biscuits,and certain fruits correlated with a lower risk of myopia,whereas intake of low-calorie hot chocolate and cereal was associated with an increased risk.Multivariable MR analysis further confirmed that breaded fish consumption exerted a direct protective effect against myopia,particularly when consumed alongside other dietary components.These findings highlight the intricate interplay between specific dietary factors and myopia development,offering valuable insights for further research.CONCLUSION:MR analysis provides evidence supporting a potential causal relationship between breaded fish intake and myopia,underscoring its relevance in targeted myopia prevention strategies.展开更多
The intake swirl in the cylinder was induced by a swirler which was fixed in one of two intake ports. In order to understand the characteristics of the intake swirl, a transparent water analog was designed which simul...The intake swirl in the cylinder was induced by a swirler which was fixed in one of two intake ports. In order to understand the characteristics of the intake swirl, a transparent water analog was designed which simulated 150 type single cylinder engine. At the same time, the particle image velocimetry was used to measure the flow fields induced by various swirlers in the analog. After measurement, a new method was presented to evaluate the intensity of the intake swirl. Then, when the measured sections, the lifts of valve and the swirlers were different, the calculated results of the flow field were compared.展开更多
AIM： To study the association between nitrite and nitrosamine intake and gastric cancer （GC）, between meat and processed meat intake, GC and oesophageal cancer （OC）, and between preserved fish, vegetable and smok...AIM： To study the association between nitrite and nitrosamine intake and gastric cancer （GC）, between meat and processed meat intake, GC and oesophageal cancer （OC）, and between preserved fish, vegetable and smoked food intake and GC. METHODS： In this article we reviewed all the published cohort and case-control studies from 1985-2005, and analyzed the relationship between nitrosamine and nitrite intake and the most important related food intake （meat and processed meat, preserved vegetables and fish, smoked foods and beer drinking） and GC or OC risk. Sixty-one studies, 11 cohorts and 50 case-control studies were included. RESULTS： Evidence from case-control studies supported an association between nitrite and nitrosamine intake with GC but evidence was insufficient in relation to OC. A high proportion of case-control studies found a positive association with meat intake for both tumours （11 of 16 studies on GC and 11 of 18 studies on OC）. A relatively large number of case-control studies showed quite consistent results supporting a positive association between processed meat intake and GC and OC risk （10 of 14 studies on GC and 8 of 9 studies on OC）. Almost all the case-control studies found a positive and significant association between preserved fish, vegetable and smoked food intake and GC. The evidence regarding OC was more limited. Overall the evidence from cohort studies was insufficient or more inconsistent than that from case-control studies.CONCLUSION： The available evidence supports a positive association between nitrite and nitrosamine intake and GC, between meat and processed meat intake and GC and OC, and between preserved fish, vegetable and smoked food intake and GC, but is not conclusive.展开更多
Objective To investigate the association of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods A total 154 GDM subjects and 981 controls were enrolled in a prospec...Objective To investigate the association of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods A total 154 GDM subjects and 981 controls were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in 11 hospitals from May 20,2012 to December 31,2013.Bioelectrical impedance analysis and dietary surveys were used to determine body composition and to evaluate the intake of nutrients in subjects at 21-24 weeks'gestation(WG).Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the relationships of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of GDIVl morbidity.Results Age,pre-pregnant body weight(BW),and body mass index(BMI)were associated with increased risk of GDM.Fat mass(FM),fat mass percentage(FMP),extracellular water(ECW),BMI,BW,energy,protein,fat,and carbohydrates at 21-24 WG were associated with an increased risk of GDM.In contrast,fat free mass(FFM),muscular mass(MM),and intracellular water(ICW)were associated with a decreased risk of GDM.Conclusion Maternal body composition and dietary intake during the second trimester of pregnancy were associated with the risk of GDM morbidity.展开更多
To eliminate the shrinkage porosity in low pressure casting of an A356 aluminum alloy intake manifold casting, numerical simulation on fi lling and solidifi cation processes of the casting was carried out using the Pr...To eliminate the shrinkage porosity in low pressure casting of an A356 aluminum alloy intake manifold casting, numerical simulation on fi lling and solidifi cation processes of the casting was carried out using the ProCAST software. The gating system of the casting is optimized according to the simulation results. Results show that when the gating system consists of only one sprue, the fi lling of the molten metal is not stable; and the casting does not follow the sequence solidifi cation, and many shrinkage porosities are observed through the casting. After the gating system is improved by adding one runner and two in-gates, the fi lling time is prolonged from 4.0 s to 4.5 s, the fi lling of molten metal becomes stable, but this casting does not follow the sequence solidifi cation either. Some shrinkage porosity is also observed in the hot spots of the casting. When the gating system was further improved by adding risers and chill to the hot spots of the casting, the shrinkage porosity defects were eliminated completely. Finally, by using the optimized gating system the A356 aluminum alloy intake manifold casting with integrated shape and smooth surface as well as dense microstructure was successfully produced.展开更多
The effect of low voltage and low concentration contrast agent on image quality of coronary CT angiography,radiation dose and iodine intake was evaluated.A total of 121 patients with body mass index(BMI)<26 kg/m2 a...The effect of low voltage and low concentration contrast agent on image quality of coronary CT angiography,radiation dose and iodine intake was evaluated.A total of 121 patients with body mass index(BMI)<26 kg/m2 and heart rate(HR)<70 beats/min were randomly divided into four groups:group A(n=31,80 kVp,270 mgl/mL);group B(n=33,100 kVp,270 mgl/mL);group C(h=30,100 kVp,320 mgl/mL);group D(w=27,100 kVp,400 mgl/mL).The automatic current modulation system and the iterative algorithm for reconstruction were adopted in each group.The CT values and SD values of the aortic root(AR),subcutaneous fat,left coronary artery opening(LCA),and right coronary artery opening(RCA)were measured in all groups,the signalto-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast noise ratio(CNR)were calculated,and effective radiation dose and iodine intake were recorded.The subjective assessment for image quality was performed by two physicians using a 4-point scale.The results were compared using the one-way ANOVA and rank sum tests.The image quality of the four groups met the clinical diagnostic requirements.The CT values of AR in groups A,B,C,and D were 537.6±71.4,447.2±81.9,445.2±64.9 and 518.5±94.9 Hu,respectively,with no significant difference between group A and group D,or between group B and group C,while CT values in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in groups A and D(P<0.05).In groups A,B,C,and D,the LCA SNR values were 22.7±9.1,23.3±9.1,23.3±7.7 and 26.6±8.9,and the RCA CNR values were 26.9±9.&28.5±11.4,27.7土&8 and 32」±10.6,respectively.The AR visual scores in groups A,B,C and D were 3.8±0.2,3.9±0.3,3.9±0.3 and 4.0±0.3,respectively.There were no significant differences in SNR,CNR and visual score among the four groups(P>0.05).The radiation doses in groups A,B,C and D were 2.6±1.4,3.6±1.&4.9±3.5 and 4.9±2.8 mSv,respectively.The radiation dose in group A was significantly less than that in the rest three groups(P<0.05).The iodine intakes in groups A,B,C and D were 14.9±1.5,15.0±1.5,17.7±2.0 and 18.1±2.5 g,respectively.There was no significant difference in the intake of iodine between groups C and D,or between groups A and B,while iodine intake in groups A and B were significantly reduced as compared with that in groups C and D(P<0.05).It was concluded that for patients with low BMI and controlled HR,compared to 100 kVp tube voltage combined with multiple concentration contrast agents,80 kVp combined with 270 mgl/mL contrast agent is enough to ensure the quality of the images,and can reduce the radiation dose significantly,while reducing the amount of iodine intake notably,thus reducing the incidence of adverse reaction.展开更多
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soy isoflavones on feeding intake,growth performance,and digestion of juvenile Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Four isonitrogenous(...An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soy isoflavones on feeding intake,growth performance,and digestion of juvenile Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Four isonitrogenous(49% crude protein) and isoenergetic(20.1 MJ kg-1) diets were formulated to contain four graded levels of soy isoflavones,namely,0,1,4 and 8 g soy isoflavones in 1 kg of diet.Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate tanks of fish(Initial average weight:2.58 g ± 0.01 g),and each tank was stocked with 35 fish.No significant difference was observed among diets with levels of 0,1 and 4 g kg-1 soy isoflavones in feed intake,weight gain,feed efficiency ratio(FER),proximate composition of fish whole body and apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of nutrients and energy(P>0.05).However,high dietary soy isoflavones level(8 g kg-1) significantly depressed weight gain,FER,whole-body crude lipid content of fish and ADC of nutrients(P<0.05).These results indicate that high level of dietary soy isoflavones(above 4 g kg-1) significantly depresses growth responses and FER of Japanese flounder.However,as the content of soy isoflavones in soybean meal is around 1 to 3 g kg-1,the adverse effects might be neglected when soybean products are used as a fish feed ingredient.展开更多
Objective The effect of dietary restriction, intense exercise and menstrual dysfunction on bone mineral density remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the skeletal health status and relationship be...Objective The effect of dietary restriction, intense exercise and menstrual dysfunction on bone mineral density remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the skeletal health status and relationship between bone mineral density and nutrient intake, menstrual status, estrogen level and other factos in Chinese adolescent dancers. Methods Sixty dancers and 77 healthy controls underwent measurements of bone density, body composition, and estrogen level. Nutrient intake, menstrual status and physical activity were assessed with questionnaires. The correlation between these factors were analyzed. Results The dancers under study had a significantly lean body mass index （18.3±1.4 kg/m^2 vs. 21.7±3.1 kg/m^2）, lower percentage of body fat （0.25±0.05 vs. 0.34±0.04） and later age at menarche （14.0±0.9 y vs. 13.0±1.3 y）, and the estrogen level, daily calorie and fat intake in them were also lower than in the controls. All the dancers undertook intensive physical activity every day and up to 69% of them suffered from irregular menarche. Yet they had relatively high BMD and BMC of the total body and legs than the controls after adjusting for BM1 and age. Site-specific BMD was positively correlated to BMI, body composition and training hours per week and negatively correlated to the age at menarche and menstrual frequency. Conclusions The relatively high BMD and BMC of the dancers at the total body and legs were probably caused by high levels of weight-bearing physical activity. To ameliorate disordered eating, especially low energy intake might be helpful to prevent the Triad and to improve the bone health in adolescent dancers.展开更多
Background: Residual feed intake(RFI) is an inheritable measure of feed efficiency that is independent on level of production. However, physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying divergent RFI are not fully elu...Background: Residual feed intake(RFI) is an inheritable measure of feed efficiency that is independent on level of production. However, physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying divergent RFI are not fully elucidated.This study was conducted to investigate dietary nitrogen(N) partitioning and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows divergent in phenotypic RFI.Results: Thirty Holstein dairy cows(milk yield = 35.3 ± 4.71 kg/d;milk protein yield = 1.18 ± 0.13 kg/d;mean ± standard deviation) were selected for the experiment to derive RFI. After the RFI measurement period of 50 d, the 10 lowest RFI cows and 8 highest RFI cows were selected. The low RFI cows had lower dry matter intake(DMI, P < 0.05) than the high RFI cows, but they produced similar energy-corrected milk. The ratios of milk to DMI(1.41 vs. 1.24, P < 0.01) and energy-corrected milk to DMI(1.48 vs. 1.36, P < 0.01) were greater in low RFI cows than those in the high RFI cows. The low RFI cows had lower milk urea nitrogen than that in the high RFI cows(P = 0.05). Apparent digestibility of nutrients did not differ between two groups(P > 0.10). Compared with high RFI animals, the low RFI cows had a lower retention of N(5.72 vs. 51.4 g/d, P < 0.05) and a higher partition of feed N to milk N(29.7% vs. 26.5%, P < 0.05).Conclusions: The results suggest that differences in N partition, synthesis of microbial protein, and utilization of metabolizable protein could be part of the mechanisms associated with variance in the RFI.展开更多
Objective The present study aimed to investigate the association of red meat usual intake with metabolic syndrome(Met S),and explore the contribution of red meat usual intake to serum ferritin.Methods Based on the dat...Objective The present study aimed to investigate the association of red meat usual intake with metabolic syndrome(Met S),and explore the contribution of red meat usual intake to serum ferritin.Methods Based on the data from the longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS),2,797 healthy adults aged 18–75 years without hypertension,diabetes,and Met S were selected in 2009 as subjects and follow-up studies were carried out till 2015.We used the National Cancer Institute(NCI)method to estimate the usual intake of foods.Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the association between red meat usual intake and the risk of Met S.Quantile regression analysis was used to study the relationship between red meat consumption and serum ferritin levels.Results After adjusting for potential confounders,red meat,and fresh red meat were positively associated with the risk of Met S(RR=1.41,95%CI:1.05–1.90 and RR=1.37,95%CI:1.02–1.85,respectively).These relationships showed increasing trend(P<0.05).The level of serum ferritin increased significantly with the number of Met S components(P<0.05).The quantile regression analysis showed that red meat and fresh red meat usual intake had a significant positive association with serum ferritin levels across the entire conditional serum ferritin distribution(P<0.05).Processed red meat did not exhibit a similar association.Conclusion Higher red meat usual intake was associated with an increased risk of Met S and elevated serum ferritin levels.展开更多
Emerging evidence suggests that dietary fats may influence testicular function. However, most of the published literature on this field has used semen quality parameters as the only proxy for testicular function. We e...Emerging evidence suggests that dietary fats may influence testicular function. However, most of the published literature on this field has used semen quality parameters as the only proxy for testicular function. We examined the association of fat intake with circulating reproductive hormone levels and testicular volume among healthy young Spanish men. This is a cross-sectional study among 209 healthy male volunteers conducted between October 2010 and November 2011 in Murcia Region of Spain. Participants completed questionnaires on lifestyle, diet, and smoking, and each underwent a physical examination, and provided a blood sample. Linear regression was used to examine the association between each fatty acid type and reproductive hormone levels and testicular volumes. Monounsaturated fatty acids intake was inversely associated with serum blood levels of calculated free testosterone, total testosterone, and inhibin B. A positive association was observed between the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and luteinizing hormone concentrations. In addition, the intake of trans fatty acids was associated with lower total testosterone and calculated free testosterone concentrations （Ptrend = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively）. The intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was positively related to testicular volume while the intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids was inversely related to testicular volume. These data suggest that fat intake, and particularly intake of omega 3, omega 6, and trans fatty acids, may influence testicular function.展开更多
Objective To explore whether the intake of dietary carotenoids could protect against skeletal fluorosis in Guizhou province in which coal-burning fluorosis is endemic. Methods A case-control study of 196 patients with...Objective To explore whether the intake of dietary carotenoids could protect against skeletal fluorosis in Guizhou province in which coal-burning fluorosis is endemic. Methods A case-control study of 196 patients with skeletal fluorosis and 196 age and gender-matched controls was conducted in Zhijin, Guizhou Province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to assess habitual dietary intake using a 75-item food frequency questionnaire and various covariates with structured questionnaires. Urinary fluoride was measured using an ion-selective electrode method. The genotype of superoxide dismutase 2（SOD2） rs11968525 was detected by Taq Man method. Results We observed significant dose-dependent inverse associations of skeletal fluorosis with intake of β-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, and total carotenoids（P-trend = 0.002 to 0.018）, whereas α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin intakes were not found to be related to skeletal fluorosis, after adjustment for potential confounders. The adjusted ORs and 95% CI of skeletal fluorosis for the highest versus lowest quartile were 0.30（0.10, 0.86） for β-carotene, 0.23（0.08, 0.66） for lycopene, 0.26（0.10, 0.75） for lutein/zeaxanthin and 0.34（0.14, 0.74） for total carotenoids（all P-trend ＆lt; 0.05）. Stratified analyses showed that the protective effects of lutein/zeaxanthin and total carotenoids on skeletal fluorosis were more evident for individuals with the AG＋AA genotypes of SOD2（rs11968525）. Conclusion Increased intakes of β-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, and total carotenoids are independently associated with a lower risk of coal-burning skeletal fluorosis. SOD2（rs11968525） polymorphisms might modify the inverse associations between dietary carotenoids and skeletal fluorosis.展开更多
Mercury is a global pollutant due to its widespread use,emission,and long-range transport（Blum,2013;Pacyna et al.,2010）.It is considered a priority pollutant due to its neurological toxicity,persistence,and bioaccum...Mercury is a global pollutant due to its widespread use,emission,and long-range transport（Blum,2013;Pacyna et al.,2010）.It is considered a priority pollutant due to its neurological toxicity,persistence,and bioaccumulation（Pacyna et al.,2010;Sharma et al.,2015）.Mercury pollution can occur when products that contain mercury are improperly disposed of and mercury is released into the air,water,and soil（Zhang and Wong,2007）.An estimated 22%of the annual world usage of mercury is in electrical equipment such as batteries,thermometers,and discharge lamps,and electronic devices such as monitors and展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072432)Scientific Research and Innovation Platform for Intelligent and Precise Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases in Shaanxi Province(2024PT-13)Key Project of Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2024JC-ZDXM-55).
文摘Lifestyle is related to many chronic diseases,such as knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Food intake is important because it can be controlled.However,the causal relationship of food intake and KOA still remain unclear.To identify the relationship between food intake and KOA and to screen relevant targets.First,we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.A total of 16 kinds of food intake datasets were included,the inverse variance-weighted analysis showed that the KOA was negatively correlated with cereal intake(odds ratio(OR)0.48;95%CI 0.35-0.68;P=1.98×10−5).Second,potential drug targets of KOA in plasma were explored,secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC,or osteonectin),SPARC,Cwcv,and Kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2(SPOCK2)as the causal protein for plasma with KOA,and increased SPOCK2(OR 0.84;95%CI 0.77-0.92;P=5.52×10−5),decreased the risk of KOA.Integrated transcriptomic analysis(P=0.0285)and in vivo(P=0.0395)showed consistent results.Finally,by metabolomics analysis and molecular docking,seven co-expressed small molecules were detected in cereal and were bound to SPOCK2.Our findings indicate the cereal intake was negatively correlated with KOA,and support the SPOCK2 as a novel potential target for cereal intake in KOA.Our study will provide a clinical dietary guidance for KOA patients and a theoretical basis for the development of novel,side-effect-free drugs for KOA.
文摘Industry and energy continue to require piston engines(PICE)at a high level worldwide.Therefore,science and technology must urgently work on improving the PICE working cycle.Improving the quality of the intake process of theworking fluid into the cylinder is one of the most effective ways to improve the operational performance of PICE.The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of various cylinder head(CylH)designs on the gas-dynamic and heat-exchange qualities of air flows within an engine model’s intake system.Three different CylH designs were studied:the basic configuration and upgraded cylinder heads with a square valve and a square valve port.These designs are innovative.Laboratory conditions were used to conduct the studies for stationary air flow.The experiments covered the range of Reynolds numbers from 8500 to 96,000.The intake system’s gas dynamics and heat transfer were determined using the thermal anemometry method,which was based on constant-temperature hot-wire anemometers.It has been established that the use of upgraded CylHs causes an increase in the turbulence number of flow by an average of 13.5%.Additionally,itwas found that the increase in the turbulence number of flowin the cylinder is about 19%when installing new CylH designs.It was shown that therewas an increase in the heat transfer coefficient in the intake pipe by 10%–40%when installing modernized CylH designs in the intake system.The article focused on the problems of increasing the turbulence level and intensifying the heat transfer of stationary air flow in the intake system,specifically in PICEs.The study’s findings are novel in the areas of applied gas dynamics and PICEs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81872624)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202403021211139).
文摘Objective This study aimed to reexplore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis.Methods Data from 171 Chinese adults(19–21 years old)were collected and analyzed based on three balance studies in Shenzhen,Yinchuan,and Changzhi.The single exponential equation was accordingly used to simulate the trajectory of 24 h urinary iodine excretion as the low iodine experimental diets offered(iodine intake:11-26μg/day)and to further deduce the dietary reference intakes(DRIs)for iodine,including estimated average requirement(EAR)and recommended nutrient intake(RNI).Results The minimum iodine excretion was estimated as 57,58,and 51μg/day in three balance studies,respectively.Moreover,it was further suggested as 57,58,and 51μg/day for iodine EAR,and 80,81,and 71μg/day for iodine RNI or expressed as 1.42,1.41,and 1.20μg/(day·kg)of body weight.Conclusion The iodine DRIs for Chinese adults were established based on the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis,which provides scientific support for the amendment of nutrient requirements.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Automotive Power Train and Electronics(Hubei University of Automotive Technology)(ZDK1201505)Auto Parts TechnologyHubei Province Collaborative Innovation Project(2015XTZX04).
文摘The intake system of a racing engine plays a crucial role in determining its performance,particularly in terms of volumetric efficiency,power output,and throttle response.According to Formula Society of Automotive Engineers(FSAE)regulations,the engine intake systemmust incorporate a 20mmdiameter flow-limiting valve within the intake manifold.This restriction significantly reduces the airflow into the engine,leading to a substantial drop in power output.To mitigate this limitation,the intake system requires a redesign.In this study,theoretical calculations and one-dimensional thermodynamic simulations are employed to determine the optimal parameters for the intake system.A numerical simulation of the intake system’s flow field is then conducted to refine its structure and layout.Finally,experiments are performed on an engine equipped with the optimized intake system,and its feasibility is evaluated based on experimental results.Thefindings indicate that the maximumengine torque increases from56.36 to 59.91 N⋅m,while the maximum power output rises from 59.16 to 63.94 kW.To further enhance performance and adaptability across different competitions,a variable-length intakemanifold control system is also designed,improving both power delivery and overall operational stability of the racing car.
基金supported in part by the Ship Preliminary Research Project (No.3020401020102)。
文摘This study addresses the issue of spray icing on the air intake grilles of ship power systems in cold maritime environments.Through numerical simulation methods,the influence of environmental parameters on icing characteristics is revealed,and an energy-efficient zoned electric heating anti-icing strategy is proposed.A threedimensional grille model is constructed to systematically analyze the effects of environmental temperature(from−20℃to−4℃),droplet diameter(from 50μm to 500μm),and liquid water content(from 0.5 g/m³to 8 g/m³)on icing rates and blockage of the flow channel.The results indicate that low temperature and high liquid water content significantly exacerbate icing.Under the condition of an environmental temperature of−20℃,droplet diameter of 500μm,and liquid water content of 8 g/m³,the flow channel blockage ratio reaches 30.95%within 10 min.Additionally,as droplet diameter increases,the droplet impingement and icing regions become more concentrated toward the leading edge of blades.To mitigate grille icing in cold environments,an electric heating film configuration is employed for thermal protection.Optimization of the heating strategy reveals that the zoned heating approach,compared to the initial uniform heating scheme,effectively homogenizes surface temperature distribution while reducing total power consumption by 37.47%.This study validates the engineering applicability of the zoned electric heating anti/de-icing strategy,providing theoretical and technical support for the design of anti-icing systems in ship power systems operating in cold maritime regions.
文摘BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but is associated with an increased risk for development of eating disorders.Indeed,numerous maladaptive eating behaviors and eating disorders have been described following bariatric surgery.However,the differentiation of pathologic eating patterns from expected dietary changes following bariatric surgery can sometimes be difficult to discern.CASE SUMMARY A female in her early 40s presented for medical stabilization of severe protein calorie malnutrition after losing 52.3 kg over the last six months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,with subsequent development of cyclic nausea and vomiting.Fear of these aversive physical symptoms led to further restriction of nutritional intake and weight loss.The patient was diagnosed with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder,which has not been previously reported after bariatric surgery.CONCLUSION Improvement in the diagnostic nomenclature for feeding and eating disorders is warranted for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 82204041)Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program Funded Projects(Grant numbers 22JR11RA184).
文摘Iodine is an essential element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.Iodine deficiency increases the burden on thyroid function and causes harm to health.The identification of convenient and reliable biomarkers for assessing iodine nutritional status is essential for evaluating iodine intake.Urinary iodine concentration(UIC)is commonly used for population level iodine status assessment but is less reliable for individuals.A 24-h urine sample is more accurate but difficult to collect[1].Thyroid volume(Tvol)and goiter rate are suitable for evaluating the long-term iodine nutritional status in populations[2].Blood indicator collection is an invasive procedure.
基金Supported by Xi’an Science and Technology Program Project(No.24YXYJ0108)Support Projects of Xi’an Children’s Hospital(No.2024I07).
文摘AIM:To investigate the causal relationship between dietary intake and myopia using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.METHODS:Genome-wide association study(GWAS)data from the IEU Open GWAS database were utilized to examine associations between myopia and various dietary factors.MR analysis,incorporating both univariable and multivariable approaches,assessed the impact of food intake on myopia risk through five analytical methods,with inverse variance weighted(IVW)serving as the primary reference.Sensitivity analyses,including heterogeneity assessment,horizontal pleiotropy evaluation,and leave-oneout analysis,were conducted to validate the MR findings.RESULTS:Univariable MR analysis identified a causal link between food intake and myopia.Consumption of breaded fish,canned soup,sweet biscuits,and certain fruits correlated with a lower risk of myopia,whereas intake of low-calorie hot chocolate and cereal was associated with an increased risk.Multivariable MR analysis further confirmed that breaded fish consumption exerted a direct protective effect against myopia,particularly when consumed alongside other dietary components.These findings highlight the intricate interplay between specific dietary factors and myopia development,offering valuable insights for further research.CONCLUSION:MR analysis provides evidence supporting a potential causal relationship between breaded fish intake and myopia,underscoring its relevance in targeted myopia prevention strategies.
文摘The intake swirl in the cylinder was induced by a swirler which was fixed in one of two intake ports. In order to understand the characteristics of the intake swirl, a transparent water analog was designed which simulated 150 type single cylinder engine. At the same time, the particle image velocimetry was used to measure the flow fields induced by various swirlers in the analog. After measurement, a new method was presented to evaluate the intensity of the intake swirl. Then, when the measured sections, the lifts of valve and the swirlers were different, the calculated results of the flow field were compared.
基金Supported by a fellowship of the 'FundacióPrivada Institut D' investigacio Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) partially funded by the ISCⅢnetwork (RCESP C03/09) Spain and ECNIS Network from the 6FP of the EC
文摘AIM： To study the association between nitrite and nitrosamine intake and gastric cancer （GC）, between meat and processed meat intake, GC and oesophageal cancer （OC）, and between preserved fish, vegetable and smoked food intake and GC. METHODS： In this article we reviewed all the published cohort and case-control studies from 1985-2005, and analyzed the relationship between nitrosamine and nitrite intake and the most important related food intake （meat and processed meat, preserved vegetables and fish, smoked foods and beer drinking） and GC or OC risk. Sixty-one studies, 11 cohorts and 50 case-control studies were included. RESULTS： Evidence from case-control studies supported an association between nitrite and nitrosamine intake with GC but evidence was insufficient in relation to OC. A high proportion of case-control studies found a positive association with meat intake for both tumours （11 of 16 studies on GC and 11 of 18 studies on OC）. A relatively large number of case-control studies showed quite consistent results supporting a positive association between processed meat intake and GC and OC risk （10 of 14 studies on GC and 8 of 9 studies on OC）. Almost all the case-control studies found a positive and significant association between preserved fish, vegetable and smoked food intake and GC. The evidence regarding OC was more limited. Overall the evidence from cohort studies was insufficient or more inconsistent than that from case-control studies.CONCLUSION： The available evidence supports a positive association between nitrite and nitrosamine intake and GC, between meat and processed meat intake and GC and OC, and between preserved fish, vegetable and smoked food intake and GC, but is not conclusive.
基金supported by the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(2013DFA30910)the Danone Dietary Nutrition Research and Education Foundation(DIC 2012-05)a Clinical Nutrition Research Grant of the Chinese Nutrition Society
文摘Objective To investigate the association of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods A total 154 GDM subjects and 981 controls were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in 11 hospitals from May 20,2012 to December 31,2013.Bioelectrical impedance analysis and dietary surveys were used to determine body composition and to evaluate the intake of nutrients in subjects at 21-24 weeks'gestation(WG).Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the relationships of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of GDIVl morbidity.Results Age,pre-pregnant body weight(BW),and body mass index(BMI)were associated with increased risk of GDM.Fat mass(FM),fat mass percentage(FMP),extracellular water(ECW),BMI,BW,energy,protein,fat,and carbohydrates at 21-24 WG were associated with an increased risk of GDM.In contrast,fat free mass(FFM),muscular mass(MM),and intracellular water(ICW)were associated with a decreased risk of GDM.Conclusion Maternal body composition and dietary intake during the second trimester of pregnancy were associated with the risk of GDM morbidity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51204124)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2012M511610)the Scientific Research Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology(No.14125041)
文摘To eliminate the shrinkage porosity in low pressure casting of an A356 aluminum alloy intake manifold casting, numerical simulation on fi lling and solidifi cation processes of the casting was carried out using the ProCAST software. The gating system of the casting is optimized according to the simulation results. Results show that when the gating system consists of only one sprue, the fi lling of the molten metal is not stable; and the casting does not follow the sequence solidifi cation, and many shrinkage porosities are observed through the casting. After the gating system is improved by adding one runner and two in-gates, the fi lling time is prolonged from 4.0 s to 4.5 s, the fi lling of molten metal becomes stable, but this casting does not follow the sequence solidifi cation either. Some shrinkage porosity is also observed in the hot spots of the casting. When the gating system was further improved by adding risers and chill to the hot spots of the casting, the shrinkage porosity defects were eliminated completely. Finally, by using the optimized gating system the A356 aluminum alloy intake manifold casting with integrated shape and smooth surface as well as dense microstructure was successfully produced.
文摘The effect of low voltage and low concentration contrast agent on image quality of coronary CT angiography,radiation dose and iodine intake was evaluated.A total of 121 patients with body mass index(BMI)<26 kg/m2 and heart rate(HR)<70 beats/min were randomly divided into four groups:group A(n=31,80 kVp,270 mgl/mL);group B(n=33,100 kVp,270 mgl/mL);group C(h=30,100 kVp,320 mgl/mL);group D(w=27,100 kVp,400 mgl/mL).The automatic current modulation system and the iterative algorithm for reconstruction were adopted in each group.The CT values and SD values of the aortic root(AR),subcutaneous fat,left coronary artery opening(LCA),and right coronary artery opening(RCA)were measured in all groups,the signalto-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast noise ratio(CNR)were calculated,and effective radiation dose and iodine intake were recorded.The subjective assessment for image quality was performed by two physicians using a 4-point scale.The results were compared using the one-way ANOVA and rank sum tests.The image quality of the four groups met the clinical diagnostic requirements.The CT values of AR in groups A,B,C,and D were 537.6±71.4,447.2±81.9,445.2±64.9 and 518.5±94.9 Hu,respectively,with no significant difference between group A and group D,or between group B and group C,while CT values in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in groups A and D(P<0.05).In groups A,B,C,and D,the LCA SNR values were 22.7±9.1,23.3±9.1,23.3±7.7 and 26.6±8.9,and the RCA CNR values were 26.9±9.&28.5±11.4,27.7土&8 and 32」±10.6,respectively.The AR visual scores in groups A,B,C and D were 3.8±0.2,3.9±0.3,3.9±0.3 and 4.0±0.3,respectively.There were no significant differences in SNR,CNR and visual score among the four groups(P>0.05).The radiation doses in groups A,B,C and D were 2.6±1.4,3.6±1.&4.9±3.5 and 4.9±2.8 mSv,respectively.The radiation dose in group A was significantly less than that in the rest three groups(P<0.05).The iodine intakes in groups A,B,C and D were 14.9±1.5,15.0±1.5,17.7±2.0 and 18.1±2.5 g,respectively.There was no significant difference in the intake of iodine between groups C and D,or between groups A and B,while iodine intake in groups A and B were significantly reduced as compared with that in groups C and D(P<0.05).It was concluded that for patients with low BMI and controlled HR,compared to 100 kVp tube voltage combined with multiple concentration contrast agents,80 kVp combined with 270 mgl/mL contrast agent is enough to ensure the quality of the images,and can reduce the radiation dose significantly,while reducing the amount of iodine intake notably,thus reducing the incidence of adverse reaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30371120)Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (No. nycytx50-G07)
文摘An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soy isoflavones on feeding intake,growth performance,and digestion of juvenile Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Four isonitrogenous(49% crude protein) and isoenergetic(20.1 MJ kg-1) diets were formulated to contain four graded levels of soy isoflavones,namely,0,1,4 and 8 g soy isoflavones in 1 kg of diet.Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate tanks of fish(Initial average weight:2.58 g ± 0.01 g),and each tank was stocked with 35 fish.No significant difference was observed among diets with levels of 0,1 and 4 g kg-1 soy isoflavones in feed intake,weight gain,feed efficiency ratio(FER),proximate composition of fish whole body and apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of nutrients and energy(P>0.05).However,high dietary soy isoflavones level(8 g kg-1) significantly depressed weight gain,FER,whole-body crude lipid content of fish and ADC of nutrients(P<0.05).These results indicate that high level of dietary soy isoflavones(above 4 g kg-1) significantly depresses growth responses and FER of Japanese flounder.However,as the content of soy isoflavones in soybean meal is around 1 to 3 g kg-1,the adverse effects might be neglected when soybean products are used as a fish feed ingredient.
基金supported by key projects of the national science & technology pillar program during the eleventh five-year plan period (2008BAI58B02)danone institute China diet nutrition & comunication grant proposal 2006(DIC 2006-4)
文摘Objective The effect of dietary restriction, intense exercise and menstrual dysfunction on bone mineral density remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the skeletal health status and relationship between bone mineral density and nutrient intake, menstrual status, estrogen level and other factos in Chinese adolescent dancers. Methods Sixty dancers and 77 healthy controls underwent measurements of bone density, body composition, and estrogen level. Nutrient intake, menstrual status and physical activity were assessed with questionnaires. The correlation between these factors were analyzed. Results The dancers under study had a significantly lean body mass index （18.3±1.4 kg/m^2 vs. 21.7±3.1 kg/m^2）, lower percentage of body fat （0.25±0.05 vs. 0.34±0.04） and later age at menarche （14.0±0.9 y vs. 13.0±1.3 y）, and the estrogen level, daily calorie and fat intake in them were also lower than in the controls. All the dancers undertook intensive physical activity every day and up to 69% of them suffered from irregular menarche. Yet they had relatively high BMD and BMC of the total body and legs than the controls after adjusting for BM1 and age. Site-specific BMD was positively correlated to BMI, body composition and training hours per week and negatively correlated to the age at menarche and menstrual frequency. Conclusions The relatively high BMD and BMC of the dancers at the total body and legs were probably caused by high levels of weight-bearing physical activity. To ameliorate disordered eating, especially low energy intake might be helpful to prevent the Triad and to improve the bone health in adolescent dancers.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872380)the China Agricultural Research System(Beijing,China No.CARS-36)
文摘Background: Residual feed intake(RFI) is an inheritable measure of feed efficiency that is independent on level of production. However, physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying divergent RFI are not fully elucidated.This study was conducted to investigate dietary nitrogen(N) partitioning and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows divergent in phenotypic RFI.Results: Thirty Holstein dairy cows(milk yield = 35.3 ± 4.71 kg/d;milk protein yield = 1.18 ± 0.13 kg/d;mean ± standard deviation) were selected for the experiment to derive RFI. After the RFI measurement period of 50 d, the 10 lowest RFI cows and 8 highest RFI cows were selected. The low RFI cows had lower dry matter intake(DMI, P < 0.05) than the high RFI cows, but they produced similar energy-corrected milk. The ratios of milk to DMI(1.41 vs. 1.24, P < 0.01) and energy-corrected milk to DMI(1.48 vs. 1.36, P < 0.01) were greater in low RFI cows than those in the high RFI cows. The low RFI cows had lower milk urea nitrogen than that in the high RFI cows(P = 0.05). Apparent digestibility of nutrients did not differ between two groups(P > 0.10). Compared with high RFI animals, the low RFI cows had a lower retention of N(5.72 vs. 51.4 g/d, P < 0.05) and a higher partition of feed N to milk N(29.7% vs. 26.5%, P < 0.05).Conclusions: The results suggest that differences in N partition, synthesis of microbial protein, and utilization of metabolizable protein could be part of the mechanisms associated with variance in the RFI.
基金funded by the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China[No.13103110700015005]Carolina Population Center[No.P2CHD050924,T32 HD007168]+1 种基金the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,the NIH[No.R01-HD30880,DK056350,R24 HD050924,and R01-HD38700]the NIH Fogarty International Center[No.D43TW009077,D43 TW007709].
文摘Objective The present study aimed to investigate the association of red meat usual intake with metabolic syndrome(Met S),and explore the contribution of red meat usual intake to serum ferritin.Methods Based on the data from the longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS),2,797 healthy adults aged 18–75 years without hypertension,diabetes,and Met S were selected in 2009 as subjects and follow-up studies were carried out till 2015.We used the National Cancer Institute(NCI)method to estimate the usual intake of foods.Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the association between red meat usual intake and the risk of Met S.Quantile regression analysis was used to study the relationship between red meat consumption and serum ferritin levels.Results After adjusting for potential confounders,red meat,and fresh red meat were positively associated with the risk of Met S(RR=1.41,95%CI:1.05–1.90 and RR=1.37,95%CI:1.02–1.85,respectively).These relationships showed increasing trend(P<0.05).The level of serum ferritin increased significantly with the number of Met S components(P<0.05).The quantile regression analysis showed that red meat and fresh red meat usual intake had a significant positive association with serum ferritin levels across the entire conditional serum ferritin distribution(P<0.05).Processed red meat did not exhibit a similar association.Conclusion Higher red meat usual intake was associated with an increased risk of Met S and elevated serum ferritin levels.
文摘Emerging evidence suggests that dietary fats may influence testicular function. However, most of the published literature on this field has used semen quality parameters as the only proxy for testicular function. We examined the association of fat intake with circulating reproductive hormone levels and testicular volume among healthy young Spanish men. This is a cross-sectional study among 209 healthy male volunteers conducted between October 2010 and November 2011 in Murcia Region of Spain. Participants completed questionnaires on lifestyle, diet, and smoking, and each underwent a physical examination, and provided a blood sample. Linear regression was used to examine the association between each fatty acid type and reproductive hormone levels and testicular volumes. Monounsaturated fatty acids intake was inversely associated with serum blood levels of calculated free testosterone, total testosterone, and inhibin B. A positive association was observed between the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and luteinizing hormone concentrations. In addition, the intake of trans fatty acids was associated with lower total testosterone and calculated free testosterone concentrations （Ptrend = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively）. The intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was positively related to testicular volume while the intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids was inversely related to testicular volume. These data suggest that fat intake, and particularly intake of omega 3, omega 6, and trans fatty acids, may influence testicular function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 81460497]
文摘Objective To explore whether the intake of dietary carotenoids could protect against skeletal fluorosis in Guizhou province in which coal-burning fluorosis is endemic. Methods A case-control study of 196 patients with skeletal fluorosis and 196 age and gender-matched controls was conducted in Zhijin, Guizhou Province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to assess habitual dietary intake using a 75-item food frequency questionnaire and various covariates with structured questionnaires. Urinary fluoride was measured using an ion-selective electrode method. The genotype of superoxide dismutase 2（SOD2） rs11968525 was detected by Taq Man method. Results We observed significant dose-dependent inverse associations of skeletal fluorosis with intake of β-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, and total carotenoids（P-trend = 0.002 to 0.018）, whereas α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin intakes were not found to be related to skeletal fluorosis, after adjustment for potential confounders. The adjusted ORs and 95% CI of skeletal fluorosis for the highest versus lowest quartile were 0.30（0.10, 0.86） for β-carotene, 0.23（0.08, 0.66） for lycopene, 0.26（0.10, 0.75） for lutein/zeaxanthin and 0.34（0.14, 0.74） for total carotenoids（all P-trend ＆lt; 0.05）. Stratified analyses showed that the protective effects of lutein/zeaxanthin and total carotenoids on skeletal fluorosis were more evident for individuals with the AG＋AA genotypes of SOD2（rs11968525）. Conclusion Increased intakes of β-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, and total carotenoids are independently associated with a lower risk of coal-burning skeletal fluorosis. SOD2（rs11968525） polymorphisms might modify the inverse associations between dietary carotenoids and skeletal fluorosis.
基金Alberta Health,Alberta Innovates,the Canada Research Chairs Programthe Canadian Institutes of Health Researchthe Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for their support
文摘Mercury is a global pollutant due to its widespread use,emission,and long-range transport（Blum,2013;Pacyna et al.,2010）.It is considered a priority pollutant due to its neurological toxicity,persistence,and bioaccumulation（Pacyna et al.,2010;Sharma et al.,2015）.Mercury pollution can occur when products that contain mercury are improperly disposed of and mercury is released into the air,water,and soil（Zhang and Wong,2007）.An estimated 22%of the annual world usage of mercury is in electrical equipment such as batteries,thermometers,and discharge lamps,and electronic devices such as monitors and
