BACKGROUND The optimal surgical approach for patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis(GHOA)and an intact rotator cuff remains debated.While anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA)has traditionally been favo...BACKGROUND The optimal surgical approach for patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis(GHOA)and an intact rotator cuff remains debated.While anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA)has traditionally been favoured,reverse TSA(RTSA)is increasingly utilized.AIM To systematically compare the outcomes of RTSA and TSA in this specific patient population.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.Retrospective comparative studies evaluating RTSA and TSA in patients with GHOA and intact rotator cuff were included.Key outcomes assessed included complication and reoperation rates,patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs),and range of motion.Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool.RESULTS Twelve studies encompassing 1608 patients(580 RTSA,1028 TSA)met inclusion criteria.RTSA was associated with a lower reoperation rate compared to TSA[odds ratio=0.37;95%confidence interval(CI):0.14-0.94;P value=0.04],while no significant difference in overall complication rates was observed(odds ratio=0.47;95%CI:0.19-1.16;P value=0.10).RTSA patients showed superior outcomes in University of California Los Angeles,Simple Shoulder Test,and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores;however,the differences did not exceed the minimal clinically important difference.TSA patients had significantly better external rotation(mean difference=-9.0°;95%CI:-13.21 to-5.02;P value<0.0001).No significant differences were found in other range of motion measures or satisfaction scores.The overall methodological quality of included studies was moderate to serious.CONCLUSION In patients with GHOA and an intact rotator cuff,RTSA may offer comparable or improved outcomes to TSA with lower reoperation rates and similar complication profiles.Functional outcomes favour RTSA in certain patientreported outcome measures,while TSA retains an advantage in external rotation.Surgical decision-making should remain individualized based on patient characteristics and functional demands.展开更多
Flow cytometry is now a recognized methodology within animal spermatology, and has moved from being a research tool to become routine in the assessment of animal semen destined to breeding. The availability of ＇bench...Flow cytometry is now a recognized methodology within animal spermatology, and has moved from being a research tool to become routine in the assessment of animal semen destined to breeding. The availability of ＇bench-top＇ flow cytometers and of newer and versatile markers for cell structure and function had allowed the instrumentation to measure more sperm parameters, from viability to reactiveness when exposed to exogenous stimuli, and to increase our capabilities to sort spermatozoa for potential fertilizing capacity, or chromosomal sex. The present review summarizes the state of the art regarding flow cytometry applied to animal andrology, albeit keeping an open comparative intent. It critically evaluates the present and future capabilities of flow cytometry for the diagnostics of potential fertility and for the development of current reproductive technologies such as sperm freezing, sperm selection and sperm sorting. The flow cytometry methods will probably further revolutionize our understanding of the sperm physiology and their functionality, and will undoubtedly extend its application in isolating many uncharacterized features of spermatozoa. However, continuous follow-up of the methods is a necessity owing to technical developments and the complexity of mapping spermatozoa.展开更多
The objective of this work is to study the gas desorption characteristics of the high-rank intact coal and fractured coal.The gas adsorption,mercury porosimetry and gas desorption experiments were carried out in this ...The objective of this work is to study the gas desorption characteristics of the high-rank intact coal and fractured coal.The gas adsorption,mercury porosimetry and gas desorption experiments were carried out in this study.Then,the theories of thermodynamics,diffusion mechanism and desorption kinetics were used to estimate the gas desorption characteristics.The results of gas adsorption experiments show that the initial isosteric adsorption heat of the intact coal is greater than that of the fractured coal,indicating that the gas molecules desorb more easily from fractured coal than intact coal.Using the mercury porosimetry,we find that the diffusion channels of fractured coal are more developed than those of intact coal.The difficult diffusion form dominates in the intact coal during the gas diffusing,while the easy diffusion form dominates in the fractured coal.The results of gas desorption experiments show that the initial gas desorption volume and velocity of the fractured coal are both greater than those of the intact coal.Using the Fick diffusion law,the study calculates the gas diffusion coefficients of the intact coal and fractured coal.The diffusion coefficients of the fractured coal are 2 times and 10 times greater than those of the intact coal at the time of 0-120 and 0-10 min,respectively.展开更多
The strengths of 12 rocks cited from literatures increase in a nonlinear way with increasing confining pressure against the Coulomb criterion. The criteria with power forms like the generalized Hoek-Brown criterion ar...The strengths of 12 rocks cited from literatures increase in a nonlinear way with increasing confining pressure against the Coulomb criterion. The criteria with power forms like the generalized Hoek-Brown criterion are not available for describing the strength properties in the whole test range for Indiana limestone, Yamaguchi marble and Vosges sandstone, of which the differential stresses are approximately constant at high confining pressures. The exponential criterion with three parameters fits the test data of those 12 rocks well with a low misfit. The three parameters are independent of the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), the initial increasing rate of strength with confining pressure, and the limitation of differential stress.展开更多
Gossypium hirsutum L., one of the twocultivated tetraploid species in cotton,ischaracterized by its high yield and wideadaptation,while G.barbadense L.,anothercultivated one,by its super fiber properties.Substitution ...Gossypium hirsutum L., one of the twocultivated tetraploid species in cotton,ischaracterized by its high yield and wideadaptation,while G.barbadense L.,anothercultivated one,by its super fiber properties.Substitution line in which one pair of展开更多
In this paper, the Mohr-Coulomb shear strength criterion is modified by mobilising the cohesion and internal friction angle with normal stress, in order to capture the nonlinearity and critical state concept for intac...In this paper, the Mohr-Coulomb shear strength criterion is modified by mobilising the cohesion and internal friction angle with normal stress, in order to capture the nonlinearity and critical state concept for intact rocks reported in the literature. The mathematical expression for the strength is the same as the classical form, but the terms of cohesion and internal friction angle depend on the normal stress now,leading to a nonlinear relationship between the strength and normal stress. It covers both the tension and compression regions with different expressions for cohesion and internal friction angle. The strengths from the two regions join continuously at the transition of zero normal stress. The part in the compression region approximately satisfies the conditions of critical state, where the maximum shear strength is reached. Due to the nonlinearity, the classical simple relationship between the parameters of cohesion, internal friction angle and uniaxial compressive strength from the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion does not hold anymore. The equation for determining one of the three parameters in terms of the other two is supplied. This equation is nonlinear and thus a nonlinear equation solver is needed. For simplicity, the classical linear relationship is used as a local approximation. The approximate modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion has been implemented in a fracture mechanics based numerical code FRACOD,and an example case of deep tunnel failure is presented to demonstrate the difference between the original and modified Mohr-Coulomb criteria. It is shown that the nonlinear modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion predicts somewhat deeper and more intensive fracturing regions in the surrounding rock mass than the original linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. A more comprehensive piecewise nonlinear shear strength criterion is also included in Appendix B for those readers who are interested. It covers the tensile, compressive, brittle-ductile behaviour transition and the critical state, and gives smooth transitions.展开更多
As underground excavations are getting deeper and field stresses increase, the behavior of intact rock blocks plays an increasingly important role in understanding and estimating the overall rock mass strength. To mod...As underground excavations are getting deeper and field stresses increase, the behavior of intact rock blocks plays an increasingly important role in understanding and estimating the overall rock mass strength. To model the brittle behavior of intact rock blocks, the stress–strain curve is usually idealized considering a linear strength mobilization approach(cohesion-weakening-friction-strengthening, CWFS),however, it is well recognized that rock presents a nonlinear behavior in terms of the confining stress.This study extends the strength mobilization in brittle failure of rock using nonlinear criteria. To determine the model parameters, a standard statistical method that uses the complete laboratory stress–strain curves of the intact rock is employed. Several hypotheses of linear and nonlinear models are statistically compared for different types of rock and confining stress levels. Results demonstrate that the best approach to model the brittle failure of rock is to consider a nonlinear strength envelope, such as the Hoek-Brown criterion assuming a residual uniaxial compressive strength different from zero and a mi parameter that increases, both with simultaneous mobilization. This model helps to recreate highconfining conditions and a more realistic transition between peak and post-peak strength. The obtained parameters are discussed and compared with literature values to verify the validity and to develop guidelines for the estimation of parameters, providing an objective mobilization criterion. Finally, the nonlinear model was applied to a finite element code and extended to a tunnel scale in the brittle rock under high-stress conditions. A reasonable fit between the simulations and the in-situ overbreak measurements was found.展开更多
The strength of structural loess consists of the shear strength and tensile strength. In this study, the stress path, the failure envelope of principal stress （ Kf line）, and the strength failure envelope of structu...The strength of structural loess consists of the shear strength and tensile strength. In this study, the stress path, the failure envelope of principal stress （ Kf line）, and the strength failure envelope of structurally intact loess and remolded loess were analyzed through three kinds of tests： the tensile strength test, the uniaxial compressive strength test, and the conventional triaxial shear strength test. Then, in order to describe the tensile strength and shear strength of structural loess comprehensively and reasonably, a joint strength formula for structural loess was established. This formula comprehensively considers tensile and shear properties. Studies have shown that the tensile strength exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing water content. When the water content is constant, the tensile strength of the structurally intact soil is greater than that ofremolded soil. In the studies, no loss of the originally cured cohesion in the structurally intact soil samples was observed, given that the soil samples did not experience loading disturbance during the uniaxial compressive strength test, meaning there is a high initial structural strength. The results of the conventional triaxial shear strength test show that the water content is correlated with the strength of the structural loess. When the water content is low, the structural properties are strong, and when the water content is high, the structural properties are weak, which means that the water content and the ambient pressure have significant effects on the stress-strain relationship of structural loess. The established joint strength formula of structural loess effectively avoids overestimating the role of soil tensile strength in the traditional theory of Mohr-Coulomb strength.展开更多
One of the main difficulties in the geotechnical design process lies in dealing with uncertainty. Uncertainty is associated with natural variation of properties, and the imprecision and unpredictability caused by insu...One of the main difficulties in the geotechnical design process lies in dealing with uncertainty. Uncertainty is associated with natural variation of properties, and the imprecision and unpredictability caused by insufficient information on parameters or models. Probabilistic methods are normally used to quantify uncertainty. However, the frequentist approach commonly used for this purpose has some drawbacks.First, it lacks a formal framework for incorporating knowledge not represented by data. Second, it has limitations in providing a proper measure of the confidence of parameters inferred from data. The Bayesian approach offers a better framework for treating uncertainty in geotechnical design. The advantages of the Bayesian approach for uncertainty quantification are highlighted in this paper with the Bayesian regression analysis of laboratory test data to infer the intact rock strength parameters σand mused in the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. Two case examples are used to illustrate different aspects of the Bayesian methodology and to contrast the approach with a frequentist approach represented by the nonlinear least squares(NLLS) method. The paper discusses the use of a Student’s t-distribution versus a normal distribution to handle outliers, the consideration of absolute versus relative residuals, and the comparison of quality of fitting results based on standard errors and Bayes factors. Uncertainty quantification with confidence and prediction intervals of the frequentist approach is compared with that based on scatter plots and bands of fitted envelopes of the Bayesian approach. Finally, the Bayesian method is extended to consider two improvements of the fitting analysis. The first is the case in which the Hoek-Brown parameter, a, is treated as a variable to improve the fitting in the triaxial region. The second is the incorporation of the uncertainty in the estimation of the direct tensile strength from Brazilian test results within the overall evaluation of the intact rock strength.展开更多
Summary： The effect of lanthanum carbonate on abdominal aortic calcification （AAC） in the elderly maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） patients was investigated. Fifty-four cases subjected to routine MHD complicated wi...Summary： The effect of lanthanum carbonate on abdominal aortic calcification （AAC） in the elderly maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） patients was investigated. Fifty-four cases subjected to routine MHD complicated with skin pruritus admitted to our hospital were selected and randomly divided into case group （n=28） and control group （n=26）. The control group was given routine MHD alone. The case group was given lanthanum carbonate additionally on the basis of routine MHD. The changes of itching degrees at first and third month, and serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, intact parathyroid hormone （iPTH） levels and AAC scores at third month after treatments were compared be- tween the two groups. The correlation between calcium-phosphorus products and AAC scores was also analyzed. There was no significant difference in the baseline of blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, serum creatinine （Scr）, uric acid, albumin, hemoglobin, C reactive protein （CRP）, low density lipoprotein （LDL）, high density lipoprotein （HDL）, triglyceride, total cholesterol between case group and control group （P〉0.05 for all）. There was also no significant difference in the baseline itching scores between the case group and the control group （P〉0.05）. At 1st and 3rd month after treatment, the itching scores in the case group were 14.2±3.2 and 10.5±2.3, respectively, which were significantly lower than the baseline and those in the control group （P〈0.05 for all）. At 1 st and 3rd month after treatment, the itching scores in the control group were 23.6v5.9 and 24.8±6.3, respectively, which were significantly higher than the baseline （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in the baseline of serum calcium, phos- phorus, calcium-phosphorus products, iPTH levels between the case group and control group （P〉0.05）. At 3rd month after treatment, serum phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products and iPTH levels in the case group were decreased significantly as compared with the baseline （P〈0.05）, and the serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, and iPTH levels were statistically decreased as compared with those in the control group （P〈0.05）. The AAC scores showed statistically significant difference between the case group and the control group （P〈0.05）. The serum phosphorus and AAC scores showed a positive correlation in both two groups. It was suggested that the administration of lanthanum carbon- ate in the elderly MHD patients can effectively relieve itching, and simultaneously reduce serum phos- phorus and iPTH levels, resulting in the attenuation of vascular calcification.展开更多
This research reviewed the mechanics and gas desorption properties of intact coal,and tested the crushing work ratios of different intact coals,and then,studied the stress conditions for the failure or crushing of int...This research reviewed the mechanics and gas desorption properties of intact coal,and tested the crushing work ratios of different intact coals,and then,studied the stress conditions for the failure or crushing of intact coal and the gas demand for the pulverization of intact coal particles.When a real-life outburst case is examined,the required minimum stress for intact coal outburst is estimated.The study concludes that the crushing work ratios of three intact coal samples vary from 294.3732 to 945.8048 J/m^(2).For the real-life case,more than 2300 MJ of transport work is needed,and 10062.09,7046.57 and 5895.47 m^(3) of gas is required when the gas pressure is 1,2 and 3 MPa,respectively.The crushing work exceeds the transport work and even reaches 13.96 times of the transport work.How to provide such an enormous crushing work is an energy-limiting factor for the outburst in intact coal.The strain energy is needed for the crushing work,and the required minimum stress is over 54.35 MPa,even reaching 300.44 MPa.These minimum stresses far exceed the in-situ vertical and horizontal stresses that can be provided at the 300–700 m mining depth range.展开更多
Nondestructive method of measuring soluble solids content (SSC) of citrus fruits was developed using Fourier transform near infrared reflectance (FT-NIR) measurements collected through optics fiber. The models describ...Nondestructive method of measuring soluble solids content (SSC) of citrus fruits was developed using Fourier transform near infrared reflectance (FT-NIR) measurements collected through optics fiber. The models describing the relationship between SSC and the NIR spectra of citrus fruits were developed and evaluated. Different spectra correction algorithms (standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative signal correction (MSC)) were used in this study. The relationship between laboratory SSC and FT-NIR spectra of citrus fruits was analyzed via principle component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) re- gression method. Models based on the different spectral ranges were compared in this research. The first derivative and second derivative were applied to all spectra to reduce the effects of sample size, light scattering, instrument noise, etc. Different baseline correction methods were applied to improve the spectral data quality. Among them the second derivative method after baseline correction produced best noise removing capability and yielded optimal calibration models. A total of 170 NIR spectra were acquired; 135 NIR spectra were used to develop the calibration model; the remaining spectra were used to validate the model. The developed PLS model describing the relationship between SSC and NIR reflectance spectra could predict SSC of 35 samples with correlation coefficient of 0.995 and RMSEP of 0.79 °Brix.展开更多
With the size of the biopharmaceutical market exponentially increasing,there is an aligned growth in the importance of data-rich analyses,not only to assess drug product safety but also to assist drug development driv...With the size of the biopharmaceutical market exponentially increasing,there is an aligned growth in the importance of data-rich analyses,not only to assess drug product safety but also to assist drug development driven by the deeper understanding of structure/function relationships.In monoclonal antibodies,many functions are regulated by N-glycans present in the constant region of the heavy chains and their mechanisms of action are not completely known.The importance of their function focuses analytical research efforts on the development of robust,accurate and fast methods to support drug development and quality control.Released N-glycan analysis is considered as the gold standard for glycosylation characterisation;however,it is not the only method for quantitative analysis of glycoform heterogeneity.In this study,ten different analytical workflows for N-glycan analysis were compared using four monoclonal antibodies.While observing good comparability between the quantitative results generated,it was possible to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and to summarise all the observations to guide the choice of the most appropriate analytical workflow according to application and the desired depth of data generated.展开更多
Somatic nuclei can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent state by nuclear transfer, cell fusion and expression of transcription factors. However, these reprogramming processes are very inefficient, which has greatly hind...Somatic nuclei can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent state by nuclear transfer, cell fusion and expression of transcription factors. However, these reprogramming processes are very inefficient, which has greatly hindered efforts to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report a new reprogramming strategy that combines the advantages of all three reprogramming methodologies into one process. We injected nuclei from cumulus cells into intact MII oocytes. Following activation, 80% of the reconstructed embryos developed to the blastocyst stage, and tetraploid （4N） embryonic stem （ES） cell lines were generated at a rate of 30% per reconstructed oocyte. We also generated triploid （3N） ES cells after injection of somatic nuclei into activated oocytes. 4N and 3N ES cells expressed pluripotent markers and differentiated into cell types of three embryonic germ layers in vivo. Moreover, all ES cells generated histocompatible, differentiated cells after being engrafted in immunocompetent B6D2F1 mice, showing that ES cells derived from this reprogramming strategy might serve as a source of genetically tailored tissues for transplantation. Thus, we have established a simple and highly efficient reprogramming procedure that provides a system for investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in somatic reprogramming.展开更多
Radon is a polluting and radioactive gas released by rock fracture. Shear fracture is widely developed in surrounding rock mass of deep engineering. Nevertheless, the correlation between radon release and the shear fr...Radon is a polluting and radioactive gas released by rock fracture. Shear fracture is widely developed in surrounding rock mass of deep engineering. Nevertheless, the correlation between radon release and the shear fracture is undefined. In this study, the intact Jinping marble and Baihetan basalt were adopted as samples. Based on radionuclide content analysis, the intrinsic characteristics of radon emission were analyzed. Then a direct shear testing system was designed to synchronously measure radon release during rock fracture. The direct shear tests were carried out under different normal stresses. The relationship between shear fracture process and cumulative radon concentration was explored. The results indicated that radon release varied with the increase of shear displacement under the same normal stress. The general pattern showed a slight increase and fell in the initial loading phase, then increased rapidly to the peak release approximately corresponding to the peak of shear stress, and finally decreased to a stable level with the development of shear displacement after sample failure. The initial and peak radon concentrations increased linearly with the increase of normal stress. The same trend was found in shear failure surface area and cumulative radon concentration according to the rise angle(RA) value-average frequency(AF) distribution.展开更多
Background:Gossypol found in cottonseeds is toxic to human beings and monogastric animals and is a primary parameter for the integrated utilization of cottonseed products.It is usually determined by the techniques rel...Background:Gossypol found in cottonseeds is toxic to human beings and monogastric animals and is a primary parameter for the integrated utilization of cottonseed products.It is usually determined by the techniques relied on complex pretreatment procedures and the samples after determination cannot be used in the breeding program,so it is of great importance to predict the gossypol content in cottonseeds rapidly and nondestructively to substitute the traditional analytical method.Results:Gossypol content in cottonseeds was investigated by near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Partial least squares regression,combined with spectral pretreatment methods including Savitzky-Golay smoothing,standard normal variate,multiplicative scatter correction,and first derivate were tested for optimizing the calibration models.NIRS technique was efficient in predicting gossypol content in intact cottonseeds,as revealed by the root-mean-square error of cross-validation(RMSECV),root-mean-square error of prediction(RMSEP),coefficient for determination of prediction(R_(p)^(2)),and residual predictive deviation(RPD)values for all models,being 0.05∼0.07,0.04∼0.06,0.82∼0.92,and 2.3∼3.4,respectively.The optimized model pretreated by Savitzky-Golay smoothing+standard normal variate+first derivate resulted in a good determination of gossypol content in intact cottonseeds.Conclusions:Near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with different spectral pretreatments and partial least squares(PLS)regression has exhibited the feasibility in predicting gossypol content in intact cottonseeds,rapidly and non destructively.It could be used as an alternative method to substitute for traditional one to determi ne the gossypol content in intact cottonseeds.展开更多
Canopy gaps play a significant role in maintaining structure and composition of tropical forests. This study was carried out in tropical evergreen forests of central Western Ghats in India to understand the influence ...Canopy gaps play a significant role in maintaining structure and composition of tropical forests. This study was carried out in tropical evergreen forests of central Western Ghats in India to understand the influence of canopy gap size and the relationship of gap regime attributes to diversity measures and regeneration. The average gap size in the study area was found to be 396 m2 and around half of gaps were 4–8 years old. Gaps created by natural single tree fall were smaller in size but significantly higher in number. Diversity and regeneration of woody species were compared with canopy gaps and intact vegetation. Species richness and diversity was higher in gaps than in intact vegetation. Macaranga peltata, a shade intolerant species dominated gaps while intact vegetation was dominated by shade tolerant Kingiodendron pinnatum.Gap size significantly influenced species diversity and regeneration. Gap area and age were significantly and negatively correlated with diversity measures but positively correlated with regeneration. Among all the attributes of gaps, regeneration was significantly positively correlated with light intensity. Gaps maintained species diversity and favored regeneration of woody species. In addition to gap size and age, other gap ecological attributes also affected species diversity and regeneration.展开更多
Starfish oocytes with intact germinal vesicles (GVs) were cut along desired planes with glass needles or ligated using silk thread loops into two parts and allowed to mature in vitro, and inseminated. The experimental...Starfish oocytes with intact germinal vesicles (GVs) were cut along desired planes with glass needles or ligated using silk thread loops into two parts and allowed to mature in vitro, and inseminated. The experimental results showed that (1) only the parts with GVs or partial GV contents (PGVCs) cleaved, those without any GV materials did not; but nucleated and non-nucleated fragments cut from mature eggs were able to divide; (2) the development of animal parts of oocytes containing GVs or PGVGs was like that of animal fragments of matured oocytes with female pronuclei; most of them gave rise to permanent blastulae. and just a few formed ectodermal vesicles with a little primary mesenchyme; (3) a large part of vegetal fragments with GVs or PGVCs. and the vegetal parts of mature eggs without female pronuclei developed into small but normal embryos; (4) the fragments containing GVs or PGVCs obtained from the oocytes along a plane parallel to the animal-vegetal (A-V) axis developed as normally as the展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is frequently seen in the development of diabetes mellitus,and its pathogenic factors are complicated.Its current treatment is controversial,and there is a lack of a relevant efficac...BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is frequently seen in the development of diabetes mellitus,and its pathogenic factors are complicated.Its current treatment is controversial,and there is a lack of a relevant efficacy prediction model.AIM To determine the effects of paricalcitol combined with hemodiafiltration on bonemetabolism-related indexes in patients with DN and chronic renal failure(CRF),and to construct an efficacy prediction model.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 422 patients with DN and CRF treated in Cangzhou Central Hospital between May 2020 and May 2022.We selected 94 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Patients were assigned to a dialysis group(n=45)and a joint group(n=49)in relation to therapeutic regimen.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared after treatment.The changes in laboratory indexes after treatment were evaluated,and the two groups were compared for the incidence of adverse reactions.The predictive value of laboratory indexes on the clinical efficacy on patients was analyzed.RESULTS The dialysis group showed a notably worse improvement in clinical efficacy than the joint group(P=0.017).After treatment,the joint group showed notably lower serum levels of serum creatinine,uric acid(UA)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)than the dialysis group(P<0.05).After treatment,the joint group had lower serum levels of phosphorus,procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide(PINP)and intact parathyroid hormone than the dialysis group,but a higher calcium level(P<0.001).Both groups had a similar incidence of adverse reactions(P>0.05).According to least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis,UA,BUN,phosphorus and PINP were related to treatment efficacy.According to further comparison,the non-improvement group had higher risk scores than the improvement group(P<0.0001),and the area under the curve of the risk score in efficacy prediction was 0.945.CONCLUSION For treatment of CRF and DN,combined paricalcitol and hemodiafiltration can deliver higher clinical efficacy and improve the bone metabolism of patients,with good safety.展开更多
We address a state-of-the-art reinforcement learning(RL)control approach to automatically configure robotic pros-thesis impedance parameters to enable end-to-end,continuous locomotion intended for transfemoral amputee...We address a state-of-the-art reinforcement learning(RL)control approach to automatically configure robotic pros-thesis impedance parameters to enable end-to-end,continuous locomotion intended for transfemoral amputee subjects.Specifically,our actor-critic based RL provides tracking control of a robotic knee prosthesis to mimic the intact knee profile.This is a significant advance from our previous RL based automatic tuning of prosthesis control parameters which have centered on regulation control with a designer prescribed robotic knee profile as the target.In addition to presenting the tracking control algorithm based on direct heuristic dynamic programming(dHDP),we provide a control performance guarantee including the case of constrained inputs.We show that our proposed tracking control possesses several important properties,such as weight convergence of the learning networks,Bellman(sub)optimality of the cost-to-go value function and control input,and practical stability of the human-robot system.We further provide a systematic simulation of the proposed tracking control using a realistic human-robot system simulator,the OpenSim,to emulate how the dHDP enables level ground walking,walking on different terrains and at different paces.These results show that our proposed dHDP based tracking control is not only theoretically suitable,but also practically useful.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The optimal surgical approach for patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis(GHOA)and an intact rotator cuff remains debated.While anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA)has traditionally been favoured,reverse TSA(RTSA)is increasingly utilized.AIM To systematically compare the outcomes of RTSA and TSA in this specific patient population.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.Retrospective comparative studies evaluating RTSA and TSA in patients with GHOA and intact rotator cuff were included.Key outcomes assessed included complication and reoperation rates,patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs),and range of motion.Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool.RESULTS Twelve studies encompassing 1608 patients(580 RTSA,1028 TSA)met inclusion criteria.RTSA was associated with a lower reoperation rate compared to TSA[odds ratio=0.37;95%confidence interval(CI):0.14-0.94;P value=0.04],while no significant difference in overall complication rates was observed(odds ratio=0.47;95%CI:0.19-1.16;P value=0.10).RTSA patients showed superior outcomes in University of California Los Angeles,Simple Shoulder Test,and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores;however,the differences did not exceed the minimal clinically important difference.TSA patients had significantly better external rotation(mean difference=-9.0°;95%CI:-13.21 to-5.02;P value<0.0001).No significant differences were found in other range of motion measures or satisfaction scores.The overall methodological quality of included studies was moderate to serious.CONCLUSION In patients with GHOA and an intact rotator cuff,RTSA may offer comparable or improved outcomes to TSA with lower reoperation rates and similar complication profiles.Functional outcomes favour RTSA in certain patientreported outcome measures,while TSA retains an advantage in external rotation.Surgical decision-making should remain individualized based on patient characteristics and functional demands.
文摘Flow cytometry is now a recognized methodology within animal spermatology, and has moved from being a research tool to become routine in the assessment of animal semen destined to breeding. The availability of ＇bench-top＇ flow cytometers and of newer and versatile markers for cell structure and function had allowed the instrumentation to measure more sperm parameters, from viability to reactiveness when exposed to exogenous stimuli, and to increase our capabilities to sort spermatozoa for potential fertilizing capacity, or chromosomal sex. The present review summarizes the state of the art regarding flow cytometry applied to animal andrology, albeit keeping an open comparative intent. It critically evaluates the present and future capabilities of flow cytometry for the diagnostics of potential fertility and for the development of current reproductive technologies such as sperm freezing, sperm selection and sperm sorting. The flow cytometry methods will probably further revolutionize our understanding of the sperm physiology and their functionality, and will undoubtedly extend its application in isolating many uncharacterized features of spermatozoa. However, continuous follow-up of the methods is a necessity owing to technical developments and the complexity of mapping spermatozoa.
基金provided by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB201204)the Natural Science Foundation for the Youth of China(Nos.41202118 and 51204173)
文摘The objective of this work is to study the gas desorption characteristics of the high-rank intact coal and fractured coal.The gas adsorption,mercury porosimetry and gas desorption experiments were carried out in this study.Then,the theories of thermodynamics,diffusion mechanism and desorption kinetics were used to estimate the gas desorption characteristics.The results of gas adsorption experiments show that the initial isosteric adsorption heat of the intact coal is greater than that of the fractured coal,indicating that the gas molecules desorb more easily from fractured coal than intact coal.Using the mercury porosimetry,we find that the diffusion channels of fractured coal are more developed than those of intact coal.The difficult diffusion form dominates in the intact coal during the gas diffusing,while the easy diffusion form dominates in the fractured coal.The results of gas desorption experiments show that the initial gas desorption volume and velocity of the fractured coal are both greater than those of the intact coal.Using the Fick diffusion law,the study calculates the gas diffusion coefficients of the intact coal and fractured coal.The diffusion coefficients of the fractured coal are 2 times and 10 times greater than those of the intact coal at the time of 0-120 and 0-10 min,respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10572047)
文摘The strengths of 12 rocks cited from literatures increase in a nonlinear way with increasing confining pressure against the Coulomb criterion. The criteria with power forms like the generalized Hoek-Brown criterion are not available for describing the strength properties in the whole test range for Indiana limestone, Yamaguchi marble and Vosges sandstone, of which the differential stresses are approximately constant at high confining pressures. The exponential criterion with three parameters fits the test data of those 12 rocks well with a low misfit. The three parameters are independent of the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), the initial increasing rate of strength with confining pressure, and the limitation of differential stress.
文摘Gossypium hirsutum L., one of the twocultivated tetraploid species in cotton,ischaracterized by its high yield and wideadaptation,while G.barbadense L.,anothercultivated one,by its super fiber properties.Substitution line in which one pair of
基金the International Collaboration Project on Coupled Fracture Mechanics Modelling(project team consisting of CSIRO,SDUST,Posiva,KIGAM,KICT,CAS-IRSM,DUT/Mechsoft,SNU,LBNL,ETH,Aalto Uni.,GFZ and TYUT)Taishan Scholar Talent Team Support Plan for Advantaged&Unique Discipline Areas,Shandong Province
文摘In this paper, the Mohr-Coulomb shear strength criterion is modified by mobilising the cohesion and internal friction angle with normal stress, in order to capture the nonlinearity and critical state concept for intact rocks reported in the literature. The mathematical expression for the strength is the same as the classical form, but the terms of cohesion and internal friction angle depend on the normal stress now,leading to a nonlinear relationship between the strength and normal stress. It covers both the tension and compression regions with different expressions for cohesion and internal friction angle. The strengths from the two regions join continuously at the transition of zero normal stress. The part in the compression region approximately satisfies the conditions of critical state, where the maximum shear strength is reached. Due to the nonlinearity, the classical simple relationship between the parameters of cohesion, internal friction angle and uniaxial compressive strength from the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion does not hold anymore. The equation for determining one of the three parameters in terms of the other two is supplied. This equation is nonlinear and thus a nonlinear equation solver is needed. For simplicity, the classical linear relationship is used as a local approximation. The approximate modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion has been implemented in a fracture mechanics based numerical code FRACOD,and an example case of deep tunnel failure is presented to demonstrate the difference between the original and modified Mohr-Coulomb criteria. It is shown that the nonlinear modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion predicts somewhat deeper and more intensive fracturing regions in the surrounding rock mass than the original linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. A more comprehensive piecewise nonlinear shear strength criterion is also included in Appendix B for those readers who are interested. It covers the tensile, compressive, brittle-ductile behaviour transition and the critical state, and gives smooth transitions.
基金the financial support from basal CONICYT project AFB-180004 of the Advanced Mining Technology Center (AMTC) - University of Chile。
文摘As underground excavations are getting deeper and field stresses increase, the behavior of intact rock blocks plays an increasingly important role in understanding and estimating the overall rock mass strength. To model the brittle behavior of intact rock blocks, the stress–strain curve is usually idealized considering a linear strength mobilization approach(cohesion-weakening-friction-strengthening, CWFS),however, it is well recognized that rock presents a nonlinear behavior in terms of the confining stress.This study extends the strength mobilization in brittle failure of rock using nonlinear criteria. To determine the model parameters, a standard statistical method that uses the complete laboratory stress–strain curves of the intact rock is employed. Several hypotheses of linear and nonlinear models are statistically compared for different types of rock and confining stress levels. Results demonstrate that the best approach to model the brittle failure of rock is to consider a nonlinear strength envelope, such as the Hoek-Brown criterion assuming a residual uniaxial compressive strength different from zero and a mi parameter that increases, both with simultaneous mobilization. This model helps to recreate highconfining conditions and a more realistic transition between peak and post-peak strength. The obtained parameters are discussed and compared with literature values to verify the validity and to develop guidelines for the estimation of parameters, providing an objective mobilization criterion. Finally, the nonlinear model was applied to a finite element code and extended to a tunnel scale in the brittle rock under high-stress conditions. A reasonable fit between the simulations and the in-situ overbreak measurements was found.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11072193)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2013G1502009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.20100481354)
文摘The strength of structural loess consists of the shear strength and tensile strength. In this study, the stress path, the failure envelope of principal stress （ Kf line）, and the strength failure envelope of structurally intact loess and remolded loess were analyzed through three kinds of tests： the tensile strength test, the uniaxial compressive strength test, and the conventional triaxial shear strength test. Then, in order to describe the tensile strength and shear strength of structural loess comprehensively and reasonably, a joint strength formula for structural loess was established. This formula comprehensively considers tensile and shear properties. Studies have shown that the tensile strength exhibits a decreasing trend with increasing water content. When the water content is constant, the tensile strength of the structurally intact soil is greater than that ofremolded soil. In the studies, no loss of the originally cured cohesion in the structurally intact soil samples was observed, given that the soil samples did not experience loading disturbance during the uniaxial compressive strength test, meaning there is a high initial structural strength. The results of the conventional triaxial shear strength test show that the water content is correlated with the strength of the structural loess. When the water content is low, the structural properties are strong, and when the water content is high, the structural properties are weak, which means that the water content and the ambient pressure have significant effects on the stress-strain relationship of structural loess. The established joint strength formula of structural loess effectively avoids overestimating the role of soil tensile strength in the traditional theory of Mohr-Coulomb strength.
基金supported by the Large Open PitⅡProject through contract No.019799 with the Geotechnical Research Centre of The University of Queensland and by SRK Consulting South Africa
文摘One of the main difficulties in the geotechnical design process lies in dealing with uncertainty. Uncertainty is associated with natural variation of properties, and the imprecision and unpredictability caused by insufficient information on parameters or models. Probabilistic methods are normally used to quantify uncertainty. However, the frequentist approach commonly used for this purpose has some drawbacks.First, it lacks a formal framework for incorporating knowledge not represented by data. Second, it has limitations in providing a proper measure of the confidence of parameters inferred from data. The Bayesian approach offers a better framework for treating uncertainty in geotechnical design. The advantages of the Bayesian approach for uncertainty quantification are highlighted in this paper with the Bayesian regression analysis of laboratory test data to infer the intact rock strength parameters σand mused in the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. Two case examples are used to illustrate different aspects of the Bayesian methodology and to contrast the approach with a frequentist approach represented by the nonlinear least squares(NLLS) method. The paper discusses the use of a Student’s t-distribution versus a normal distribution to handle outliers, the consideration of absolute versus relative residuals, and the comparison of quality of fitting results based on standard errors and Bayes factors. Uncertainty quantification with confidence and prediction intervals of the frequentist approach is compared with that based on scatter plots and bands of fitted envelopes of the Bayesian approach. Finally, the Bayesian method is extended to consider two improvements of the fitting analysis. The first is the case in which the Hoek-Brown parameter, a, is treated as a variable to improve the fitting in the triaxial region. The second is the incorporation of the uncertainty in the estimation of the direct tensile strength from Brazilian test results within the overall evaluation of the intact rock strength.
文摘Summary： The effect of lanthanum carbonate on abdominal aortic calcification （AAC） in the elderly maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） patients was investigated. Fifty-four cases subjected to routine MHD complicated with skin pruritus admitted to our hospital were selected and randomly divided into case group （n=28） and control group （n=26）. The control group was given routine MHD alone. The case group was given lanthanum carbonate additionally on the basis of routine MHD. The changes of itching degrees at first and third month, and serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, intact parathyroid hormone （iPTH） levels and AAC scores at third month after treatments were compared be- tween the two groups. The correlation between calcium-phosphorus products and AAC scores was also analyzed. There was no significant difference in the baseline of blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, serum creatinine （Scr）, uric acid, albumin, hemoglobin, C reactive protein （CRP）, low density lipoprotein （LDL）, high density lipoprotein （HDL）, triglyceride, total cholesterol between case group and control group （P〉0.05 for all）. There was also no significant difference in the baseline itching scores between the case group and the control group （P〉0.05）. At 1st and 3rd month after treatment, the itching scores in the case group were 14.2±3.2 and 10.5±2.3, respectively, which were significantly lower than the baseline and those in the control group （P〈0.05 for all）. At 1 st and 3rd month after treatment, the itching scores in the control group were 23.6v5.9 and 24.8±6.3, respectively, which were significantly higher than the baseline （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in the baseline of serum calcium, phos- phorus, calcium-phosphorus products, iPTH levels between the case group and control group （P〉0.05）. At 3rd month after treatment, serum phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products and iPTH levels in the case group were decreased significantly as compared with the baseline （P〈0.05）, and the serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, and iPTH levels were statistically decreased as compared with those in the control group （P〈0.05）. The AAC scores showed statistically significant difference between the case group and the control group （P〈0.05）. The serum phosphorus and AAC scores showed a positive correlation in both two groups. It was suggested that the administration of lanthanum carbon- ate in the elderly MHD patients can effectively relieve itching, and simultaneously reduce serum phos- phorus and iPTH levels, resulting in the attenuation of vascular calcification.
基金The authors are grateful for the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52004008 and 52004005)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China(Nos.2008085QE260 and 2008085QE222)a Project is supported by Independent Research fund of The State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines(Anhui University of Science and Technology)(No.SKLMRDPC19ZZ07).
文摘This research reviewed the mechanics and gas desorption properties of intact coal,and tested the crushing work ratios of different intact coals,and then,studied the stress conditions for the failure or crushing of intact coal and the gas demand for the pulverization of intact coal particles.When a real-life outburst case is examined,the required minimum stress for intact coal outburst is estimated.The study concludes that the crushing work ratios of three intact coal samples vary from 294.3732 to 945.8048 J/m^(2).For the real-life case,more than 2300 MJ of transport work is needed,and 10062.09,7046.57 and 5895.47 m^(3) of gas is required when the gas pressure is 1,2 and 3 MPa,respectively.The crushing work exceeds the transport work and even reaches 13.96 times of the transport work.How to provide such an enormous crushing work is an energy-limiting factor for the outburst in intact coal.The strain energy is needed for the crushing work,and the required minimum stress is over 54.35 MPa,even reaching 300.44 MPa.These minimum stresses far exceed the in-situ vertical and horizontal stresses that can be provided at the 300–700 m mining depth range.
基金Project supported by New Century Excellent Talents in University(No. NCET-04-0524), and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Pro-gram of Higher Education (No. 20030335060) of China
文摘Nondestructive method of measuring soluble solids content (SSC) of citrus fruits was developed using Fourier transform near infrared reflectance (FT-NIR) measurements collected through optics fiber. The models describing the relationship between SSC and the NIR spectra of citrus fruits were developed and evaluated. Different spectra correction algorithms (standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative signal correction (MSC)) were used in this study. The relationship between laboratory SSC and FT-NIR spectra of citrus fruits was analyzed via principle component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) re- gression method. Models based on the different spectral ranges were compared in this research. The first derivative and second derivative were applied to all spectra to reduce the effects of sample size, light scattering, instrument noise, etc. Different baseline correction methods were applied to improve the spectral data quality. Among them the second derivative method after baseline correction produced best noise removing capability and yielded optimal calibration models. A total of 170 NIR spectra were acquired; 135 NIR spectra were used to develop the calibration model; the remaining spectra were used to validate the model. The developed PLS model describing the relationship between SSC and NIR reflectance spectra could predict SSC of 35 samples with correlation coefficient of 0.995 and RMSEP of 0.79 °Brix.
文摘With the size of the biopharmaceutical market exponentially increasing,there is an aligned growth in the importance of data-rich analyses,not only to assess drug product safety but also to assist drug development driven by the deeper understanding of structure/function relationships.In monoclonal antibodies,many functions are regulated by N-glycans present in the constant region of the heavy chains and their mechanisms of action are not completely known.The importance of their function focuses analytical research efforts on the development of robust,accurate and fast methods to support drug development and quality control.Released N-glycan analysis is considered as the gold standard for glycosylation characterisation;however,it is not the only method for quantitative analysis of glycoform heterogeneity.In this study,ten different analytical workflows for N-glycan analysis were compared using four monoclonal antibodies.While observing good comparability between the quantitative results generated,it was possible to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and to summarise all the observations to guide the choice of the most appropriate analytical workflow according to application and the desired depth of data generated.
文摘Somatic nuclei can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent state by nuclear transfer, cell fusion and expression of transcription factors. However, these reprogramming processes are very inefficient, which has greatly hindered efforts to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report a new reprogramming strategy that combines the advantages of all three reprogramming methodologies into one process. We injected nuclei from cumulus cells into intact MII oocytes. Following activation, 80% of the reconstructed embryos developed to the blastocyst stage, and tetraploid （4N） embryonic stem （ES） cell lines were generated at a rate of 30% per reconstructed oocyte. We also generated triploid （3N） ES cells after injection of somatic nuclei into activated oocytes. 4N and 3N ES cells expressed pluripotent markers and differentiated into cell types of three embryonic germ layers in vivo. Moreover, all ES cells generated histocompatible, differentiated cells after being engrafted in immunocompetent B6D2F1 mice, showing that ES cells derived from this reprogramming strategy might serve as a source of genetically tailored tissues for transplantation. Thus, we have established a simple and highly efficient reprogramming procedure that provides a system for investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in somatic reprogramming.
基金Project(U1865203) supported by the Key Projects of the Yalong River Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(Z020007) supported by the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of SciencesProjects(41941018, 52109142) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Radon is a polluting and radioactive gas released by rock fracture. Shear fracture is widely developed in surrounding rock mass of deep engineering. Nevertheless, the correlation between radon release and the shear fracture is undefined. In this study, the intact Jinping marble and Baihetan basalt were adopted as samples. Based on radionuclide content analysis, the intrinsic characteristics of radon emission were analyzed. Then a direct shear testing system was designed to synchronously measure radon release during rock fracture. The direct shear tests were carried out under different normal stresses. The relationship between shear fracture process and cumulative radon concentration was explored. The results indicated that radon release varied with the increase of shear displacement under the same normal stress. The general pattern showed a slight increase and fell in the initial loading phase, then increased rapidly to the peak release approximately corresponding to the peak of shear stress, and finally decreased to a stable level with the development of shear displacement after sample failure. The initial and peak radon concentrations increased linearly with the increase of normal stress. The same trend was found in shear failure surface area and cumulative radon concentration according to the rise angle(RA) value-average frequency(AF) distribution.
基金The research work was funded by The National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2016YFD0101404)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-18-25)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production.
文摘Background:Gossypol found in cottonseeds is toxic to human beings and monogastric animals and is a primary parameter for the integrated utilization of cottonseed products.It is usually determined by the techniques relied on complex pretreatment procedures and the samples after determination cannot be used in the breeding program,so it is of great importance to predict the gossypol content in cottonseeds rapidly and nondestructively to substitute the traditional analytical method.Results:Gossypol content in cottonseeds was investigated by near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Partial least squares regression,combined with spectral pretreatment methods including Savitzky-Golay smoothing,standard normal variate,multiplicative scatter correction,and first derivate were tested for optimizing the calibration models.NIRS technique was efficient in predicting gossypol content in intact cottonseeds,as revealed by the root-mean-square error of cross-validation(RMSECV),root-mean-square error of prediction(RMSEP),coefficient for determination of prediction(R_(p)^(2)),and residual predictive deviation(RPD)values for all models,being 0.05∼0.07,0.04∼0.06,0.82∼0.92,and 2.3∼3.4,respectively.The optimized model pretreated by Savitzky-Golay smoothing+standard normal variate+first derivate resulted in a good determination of gossypol content in intact cottonseeds.Conclusions:Near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with different spectral pretreatments and partial least squares(PLS)regression has exhibited the feasibility in predicting gossypol content in intact cottonseeds,rapidly and non destructively.It could be used as an alternative method to substitute for traditional one to determi ne the gossypol content in intact cottonseeds.
基金funded by the National Remote Sensing Centre,Hyderabad,India under NRSC-DOS-DBTGovt.of India project entitled‘‘Biodiversity Characterization in Southern parts of Karnataka’’(Project Number:UAS(B)/DR/GOI/245/2011-12)
文摘Canopy gaps play a significant role in maintaining structure and composition of tropical forests. This study was carried out in tropical evergreen forests of central Western Ghats in India to understand the influence of canopy gap size and the relationship of gap regime attributes to diversity measures and regeneration. The average gap size in the study area was found to be 396 m2 and around half of gaps were 4–8 years old. Gaps created by natural single tree fall were smaller in size but significantly higher in number. Diversity and regeneration of woody species were compared with canopy gaps and intact vegetation. Species richness and diversity was higher in gaps than in intact vegetation. Macaranga peltata, a shade intolerant species dominated gaps while intact vegetation was dominated by shade tolerant Kingiodendron pinnatum.Gap size significantly influenced species diversity and regeneration. Gap area and age were significantly and negatively correlated with diversity measures but positively correlated with regeneration. Among all the attributes of gaps, regeneration was significantly positively correlated with light intensity. Gaps maintained species diversity and favored regeneration of woody species. In addition to gap size and age, other gap ecological attributes also affected species diversity and regeneration.
文摘Starfish oocytes with intact germinal vesicles (GVs) were cut along desired planes with glass needles or ligated using silk thread loops into two parts and allowed to mature in vitro, and inseminated. The experimental results showed that (1) only the parts with GVs or partial GV contents (PGVCs) cleaved, those without any GV materials did not; but nucleated and non-nucleated fragments cut from mature eggs were able to divide; (2) the development of animal parts of oocytes containing GVs or PGVGs was like that of animal fragments of matured oocytes with female pronuclei; most of them gave rise to permanent blastulae. and just a few formed ectodermal vesicles with a little primary mesenchyme; (3) a large part of vegetal fragments with GVs or PGVCs. and the vegetal parts of mature eggs without female pronuclei developed into small but normal embryos; (4) the fragments containing GVs or PGVCs obtained from the oocytes along a plane parallel to the animal-vegetal (A-V) axis developed as normally as the
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is frequently seen in the development of diabetes mellitus,and its pathogenic factors are complicated.Its current treatment is controversial,and there is a lack of a relevant efficacy prediction model.AIM To determine the effects of paricalcitol combined with hemodiafiltration on bonemetabolism-related indexes in patients with DN and chronic renal failure(CRF),and to construct an efficacy prediction model.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 422 patients with DN and CRF treated in Cangzhou Central Hospital between May 2020 and May 2022.We selected 94 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Patients were assigned to a dialysis group(n=45)and a joint group(n=49)in relation to therapeutic regimen.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared after treatment.The changes in laboratory indexes after treatment were evaluated,and the two groups were compared for the incidence of adverse reactions.The predictive value of laboratory indexes on the clinical efficacy on patients was analyzed.RESULTS The dialysis group showed a notably worse improvement in clinical efficacy than the joint group(P=0.017).After treatment,the joint group showed notably lower serum levels of serum creatinine,uric acid(UA)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)than the dialysis group(P<0.05).After treatment,the joint group had lower serum levels of phosphorus,procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide(PINP)and intact parathyroid hormone than the dialysis group,but a higher calcium level(P<0.001).Both groups had a similar incidence of adverse reactions(P>0.05).According to least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis,UA,BUN,phosphorus and PINP were related to treatment efficacy.According to further comparison,the non-improvement group had higher risk scores than the improvement group(P<0.0001),and the area under the curve of the risk score in efficacy prediction was 0.945.CONCLUSION For treatment of CRF and DN,combined paricalcitol and hemodiafiltration can deliver higher clinical efficacy and improve the bone metabolism of patients,with good safety.
基金This work was partly supported by the National Science Foundation(1563921,1808752,1563454,1808898).
文摘We address a state-of-the-art reinforcement learning(RL)control approach to automatically configure robotic pros-thesis impedance parameters to enable end-to-end,continuous locomotion intended for transfemoral amputee subjects.Specifically,our actor-critic based RL provides tracking control of a robotic knee prosthesis to mimic the intact knee profile.This is a significant advance from our previous RL based automatic tuning of prosthesis control parameters which have centered on regulation control with a designer prescribed robotic knee profile as the target.In addition to presenting the tracking control algorithm based on direct heuristic dynamic programming(dHDP),we provide a control performance guarantee including the case of constrained inputs.We show that our proposed tracking control possesses several important properties,such as weight convergence of the learning networks,Bellman(sub)optimality of the cost-to-go value function and control input,and practical stability of the human-robot system.We further provide a systematic simulation of the proposed tracking control using a realistic human-robot system simulator,the OpenSim,to emulate how the dHDP enables level ground walking,walking on different terrains and at different paces.These results show that our proposed dHDP based tracking control is not only theoretically suitable,but also practically useful.
