莱曼阿尔法太阳望远镜(Lyα Solar Telescope, LST)是先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory, ASO-S,中文名为“夸父一号”)卫星上的有效载荷之一,它包括白光太阳望远镜(Whitelight Solar Telescope, WST)、莱曼...莱曼阿尔法太阳望远镜(Lyα Solar Telescope, LST)是先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory, ASO-S,中文名为“夸父一号”)卫星上的有效载荷之一,它包括白光太阳望远镜(Whitelight Solar Telescope, WST)、莱曼阿尔法全日面成像仪(Solar Disk Imager, SDI)和日冕仪(Solar Corona Imager, SCI) 3台科学仪器.其中WST工作在(360±2) nm(近白光)波段, SDI工作在(121.6±4.5) nm(紫外莱曼阿尔法)波段,两者的观测视场均为1.2 R⊙(R⊙为太阳半径,整个视场相当于38.4′).通过WST和SDI的成像数据可以探索太阳爆发活动在低层大气(光球、色球及过渡区)中的触发和响应,比如研究太阳耀斑的触发机制、白光耀斑的物理性质以及爆发暗条/日珥的形态演化和运动学,并推导出太阳大气的物理参数等.若要获得WST和SDI观测的太阳大气不同特征的物理参数,如耀斑能量、日珥温度和密度等,则需要把它们观测的计数值(Digital Number, DN)转化为物理单位(如erg·cm-2·s-1·sr-1),这个过程即称为辐射定标.辐射定标是WST和SDI科学数据生产过程中的必要步骤之一.目前, WST和SDI在轨辐射定标均以太阳为参考源,其中前者使用美国材料与测试协会(American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM)于2020年发布的太阳光谱数据,后者则使用地球同步环境系列卫星(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R, GOESR)上搭载的极紫外传感器(Extreme Ultraviolet Sensors, EUVS)观测的数据.给出了WST和SDI在2023年8月到2024年2月正常观测期间的在轨辐射定标系数及其不确定度.通过拟合WST在轨辐射定标系数日平均值得到其经验公式.利用辐射定标后的数据,能够计算太阳耀斑在白光和莱曼阿尔法波段辐射出的能量以及获得日珥密度等,有利于实现WST和SDI的科学目标.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pedicle screw fixation is frequently used to treat unstable thoracolumbar injuries;however,the rate of instrumentation failure remains considerable.The primary contributing factor leading to instrumentation...BACKGROUND Pedicle screw fixation is frequently used to treat unstable thoracolumbar injuries;however,the rate of instrumentation failure remains considerable.The primary contributing factor leading to instrumentation failure is poor bone quality.On the other hand,some evidence suggests that surgical tactics can influence long-term instrumentation stability.AIM To assess factors that influence the stability of spinal instrumentation in patients with thoracolumbar injuries.METHODS This study is a non-randomized single center ambispective evaluation of 204 consecutive patients(117 men;87 women)with unstable thoracolumbar injuries.All patients underwent either stand-alone or combined with anterior column reconstruction instrumentation.In cases with spinal cord and nerve root injuries,either posterior or anterior decompression were performed.Patients with pedicle screw loosening were identified via computed tomography imaging.Out of those,cases with clinically significant instrumentation failure were registered.RESULTS The rate of pedicle screw loosening detected by computed tomography was inversely correlated with bone radiodensity figures and an increased association with the number of instrumented levels,residual kyphotic deformity,laminectomy,and lumbosacral fixation.Intermediate screws and anterior reconstruction were associated with a clinically relevant decreased risk of pedicle screw loosening development.Either complete or partial posterior fusion within instrumented levels was capable of decreasing instrumentation failure risk,while extensive decompression with laminectomy and at least one-level total facetectomy were associated with an increased risk of instrumentation failure.Anterior decompression does not have a negative impact on instrumentation stability.CONCLUSION Intermediate screws,anterior reconstruction and posterior tension band preservation are associated with decreased rates of instrumentation instability development.Posterior fusion is beneficial in terms of instrumentation failure prevention.展开更多
结局测量工具(OMI)是评估患者感受或健康状况的重要工具,但其质量参差不齐。选择健康测量工具的共识标准(COSMIN)为遴选高质量的OMI提供了方法学指导,得到广泛认可。近年来,基于COSMIN开展的OMI系统评价数量激增,然而许多已发表的相关...结局测量工具(OMI)是评估患者感受或健康状况的重要工具,但其质量参差不齐。选择健康测量工具的共识标准(COSMIN)为遴选高质量的OMI提供了方法学指导,得到广泛认可。近年来,基于COSMIN开展的OMI系统评价数量激增,然而许多已发表的相关系统评价常未能充分报告关键信息,严重影响了OMI系统评价的可重复性和可解释性,从而影响其结果的推广应用。鉴于PRISMA 2020未包含报告此类系统评价的所有必要信息,有关学者在前者基础上制订了新的报告规范“PRISMA-COSMIN for OMIs 2024”,以帮助研究人员以清晰、详细和透明的方式撰写和报告OMI系统评价。本文结合实例对该规范进行了介绍和解读,旨在帮助国内学者深入理解并有效应用该指南,提高国内OMI系统评价进行全面地的整体质量。展开更多
基金Supported by AI For Spinal Surgery Planning and Results Assessment Project under the“Priority 2030”Academic Leadership Initiative,No.6.18-01/240724-15.
文摘BACKGROUND Pedicle screw fixation is frequently used to treat unstable thoracolumbar injuries;however,the rate of instrumentation failure remains considerable.The primary contributing factor leading to instrumentation failure is poor bone quality.On the other hand,some evidence suggests that surgical tactics can influence long-term instrumentation stability.AIM To assess factors that influence the stability of spinal instrumentation in patients with thoracolumbar injuries.METHODS This study is a non-randomized single center ambispective evaluation of 204 consecutive patients(117 men;87 women)with unstable thoracolumbar injuries.All patients underwent either stand-alone or combined with anterior column reconstruction instrumentation.In cases with spinal cord and nerve root injuries,either posterior or anterior decompression were performed.Patients with pedicle screw loosening were identified via computed tomography imaging.Out of those,cases with clinically significant instrumentation failure were registered.RESULTS The rate of pedicle screw loosening detected by computed tomography was inversely correlated with bone radiodensity figures and an increased association with the number of instrumented levels,residual kyphotic deformity,laminectomy,and lumbosacral fixation.Intermediate screws and anterior reconstruction were associated with a clinically relevant decreased risk of pedicle screw loosening development.Either complete or partial posterior fusion within instrumented levels was capable of decreasing instrumentation failure risk,while extensive decompression with laminectomy and at least one-level total facetectomy were associated with an increased risk of instrumentation failure.Anterior decompression does not have a negative impact on instrumentation stability.CONCLUSION Intermediate screws,anterior reconstruction and posterior tension band preservation are associated with decreased rates of instrumentation instability development.Posterior fusion is beneficial in terms of instrumentation failure prevention.
文摘结局测量工具(OMI)是评估患者感受或健康状况的重要工具,但其质量参差不齐。选择健康测量工具的共识标准(COSMIN)为遴选高质量的OMI提供了方法学指导,得到广泛认可。近年来,基于COSMIN开展的OMI系统评价数量激增,然而许多已发表的相关系统评价常未能充分报告关键信息,严重影响了OMI系统评价的可重复性和可解释性,从而影响其结果的推广应用。鉴于PRISMA 2020未包含报告此类系统评价的所有必要信息,有关学者在前者基础上制订了新的报告规范“PRISMA-COSMIN for OMIs 2024”,以帮助研究人员以清晰、详细和透明的方式撰写和报告OMI系统评价。本文结合实例对该规范进行了介绍和解读,旨在帮助国内学者深入理解并有效应用该指南,提高国内OMI系统评价进行全面地的整体质量。
