In contemporary society,language transcends its function as a mere tool for communication.It is intrinsically linked to a people’s culture,values,and worldview.This observation is particularly salient in our globaliz...In contemporary society,language transcends its function as a mere tool for communication.It is intrinsically linked to a people’s culture,values,and worldview.This observation is particularly salient in our globalized world,where linguistic considerations have assumed strategic importance.Recognizing this potential,numerous states are seeking to bolster their international relations by prioritizing the teaching of their languages.It is within this context that we focus our attention on the teaching of Chinese in Congo-Brazzaville.Our objective is to investigate the significance of this language in consolidating bilateral relations between China and Congo.To achieve this,we analyze the current state of Chinese language instruction within the Congolese educational system,emphasize the implications of its dissemination,and propose potential avenues for improvement.Our approach is qualitative,drawing upon observations,interviews,and a review of existing literature.We aim to understand how the teaching of Chinese can contribute to the economic,cultural,and social development of Congo,while simultaneously strengthening ties with China.展开更多
As the essence of traditional Chinese educational thought,heuristic teaching has gradually enriched and devel-oped its ideas through the continuous efforts of educational researchers of the past dynasties.In front-lin...As the essence of traditional Chinese educational thought,heuristic teaching has gradually enriched and devel-oped its ideas through the continuous efforts of educational researchers of the past dynasties.In front-line teach-ing,heuristic teaching,as a teaching principle that can help teachers and students to interact and learn,undoubtedly plays an important role in students’acquisition of knowledge and scientific thinking activities.But teachers’understanding of heuristic teaching is not the same.In actual teaching,there are obvious gaps in language ability among different teachers.This research aims to enrich the heuristic teaching theory based on the perspective of psychology,and provide a certain theoretical basis for teacher training.Through the research and analysis of the generation path of the heuristic teaching language,this paper helps more teachers realize the advantages of the heuristic teaching language,improve their own heuristic teaching language level,and provide reference for the scientific teaching evaluation standard.We apply the heuristic instruction language approach proposed in this study and apply it to real classrooms.In the application,it can be clearly found that the students’thinking and participation have been strengthened,and the teaching effect has been significantly improved com-pared with the past,which indicates that the heuristic teaching language generation path in this study has certain practical application value.展开更多
A support vector rule based method is investigated for the construction of motion controllers via natural language training. It is a two-phase process including motion control information collection from natural langu...A support vector rule based method is investigated for the construction of motion controllers via natural language training. It is a two-phase process including motion control information collection from natural language instructions, and motion information condensation with the aid of support vector machine （SVM） theory. Self-organizing fuzzy neural networks are utilized for the collection of control rules, from which support vector rules are extracted to form a final controller to achieve any given control accuracy. In this way, the number of control rules is reduced, and the structure of the controller tidied, making a controller constructed using natural language training more appropriate in practice, and providing a fundamental rule base for high-level robot behavior control. Simulations and experiments on a wheeled robot are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
This paper describes a new framework for reusing hand-drawn cartoon clips based on language understanding ap- proach. Our framework involves two stages: a preprocessing phase, in which a hand-drawn clip library with m...This paper describes a new framework for reusing hand-drawn cartoon clips based on language understanding ap- proach. Our framework involves two stages: a preprocessing phase, in which a hand-drawn clip library with mixed architecture is constructed, and the on-line phase, in which the domain dependent language instructions parsing is carried out and clips in the clip library are matched by use of some matching values calculated from the information derived from instruction parsing. An im- portant feature of our approach is its ability to preserve the artistic quality of clips in the produced cartoon animations.展开更多
Despite its potential in foreign language education, the cross-lingual strategy has been marginalized and stigmatized in many EFL contexts including language education in private language schools of Iran. This study a...Despite its potential in foreign language education, the cross-lingual strategy has been marginalized and stigmatized in many EFL contexts including language education in private language schools of Iran. This study aims to uncover the facilitative role of the cross-lingual strategy in foreign language instruction by theorizing experienced language teachers＇ practice. To this end, some experienced teachers were selected in line with the sampling procedures of Grounded Theory from famous English language institutes of Tehran, the capital city of lran. Iterative data collection and analysis revealed that first language use can be differentiated based on learners＇ level of proficiency. For the beginners, it can be used to present classroom management rules, provide learners with the necessary classroom language and establish rapport. Similarly, at intermediate level LI can be used to check mastery over the teaching points, give vocabulary equivalents, and explain writing rules. As for advanced learners, it can be used to explain the subtleties of grammar and provide learners with ideas to participate in classroom discussion and text processing.展开更多
The goal of language instruction for EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners has always been a hot topic in SLA （Second Language Acquisition）. First, Alan Davies＇s view to regard native speaker＇s proficienc...The goal of language instruction for EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners has always been a hot topic in SLA （Second Language Acquisition）. First, Alan Davies＇s view to regard native speaker＇s proficiency as the goal of both L2 and EFL learners is retorted. And then another complete and realistic goal for EFL learners, that is, understandable and acceptable interlanguage of EFL learners themselves is sought out. Furthermore, the four characteristics of EFL learners＇ IL are to be summarized. Finally, one needs to notice the fact that interlanguage is dynamic and has a close relation to SLA and EFL study.展开更多
The place of language forms in a communicative language classroom has been addressed by many researchers over the past decade. This article reveals the challenge it poses to classroom practitioners in China and seeks ...The place of language forms in a communicative language classroom has been addressed by many researchers over the past decade. This article reveals the challenge it poses to classroom practitioners in China and seeks the optimal treatment of language forms in a tertiary level language classroom.展开更多
Language learning strategies play an important role in language learning. Students in vocational technical colleges have been regarded as low English proficiency learners due to their weak foundation in learning Engli...Language learning strategies play an important role in language learning. Students in vocational technical colleges have been regarded as low English proficiency learners due to their weak foundation in learning English. To explore the solution, the present study employed a specific survey of language learning strategy use and tried to conduct a one-semester language learning strategy training, aiming to investigate the effects of integrating language learning strategy into EFL instruction for non-English major students in vocational technical colleges. We found after the instruction, the difference in the frequency of overall strategy use between the experimental group and the control group was significant indicating that the students could be trained with language learning strategies to enhance the frequency of their strategy use. After language learning strategy instruction, the experimental group didn＇t perform significantly better than the control group in terms of their English language proficiency. However, the results of this present study still supported this viewpoint that the strategy instruction had positive impacts to some extent if properly conducted, for it had positive effects on enhancing students＇ language learning strategy use.展开更多
In the rapidly evolving academic field of CALL （computer-assisted language leaming） in China, it is no longer a question of whether to take advantage of the technologies of computer and Internet in foreign language ...In the rapidly evolving academic field of CALL （computer-assisted language leaming） in China, it is no longer a question of whether to take advantage of the technologies of computer and Internet in foreign language instruction, but of how to make effective use of them. By reviewing the literature of CALL in China and abroad, this article holds the view that in China where the educational resources are insufficient and unevenly distributed, the use of CALL should confirm and expand ESL/EFL theories to the utmost; the research of CALL should focus more on learning or learner, especially on learning strategy in CALL environment; to have a better understanding of the potential and functions of CALL in foreign language instruction, the research of CALL should cover all aspects of language learning.展开更多
This study investigated the perceptions of English educators and supervisors in Jeddah Governorate regarding the process of teaching English to elementary students.A survey was conducted using a sample size of 94 educ...This study investigated the perceptions of English educators and supervisors in Jeddah Governorate regarding the process of teaching English to elementary students.A survey was conducted using a sample size of 94 educators and 10 supervisors.The data indicate that respondents considered English instruction at the elementary level essential for expanding kids’perspectives,improving academic performance,and promoting international involvement.The main advantages cited are the development of English language skills and the promotion of early education.Although not as easily noticeable,the disadvantages include potential negative impacts on an individual’s proficiency in Arabic and their sense of national identification.The highlighted challenges encompass insufficient teacher training,student reluctance towards English,limited resources,and school disparities.The proposed techniques focused on prioritizing English instructors’training,ensuring the use of appropriate content,utilizing technology,and promoting awareness of students and educators.The current research found different obstacles in teaching English at elementary stages.To overcome these obstacles,it will be essential to enhance teacher competencies,develop efficient teaching methods,get the backing of stakeholders,assign adequate resources,and carry out continuous evaluations.Further research can also contribute to a better understanding of how early English learning impacts on Arabic identity and proficiency.展开更多
Currently research on developing socio-cultural and linguistic competence simultaneously in the language classroom is gaining increasing attention from EFL practitioners and curriculum designers. This paper contends t...Currently research on developing socio-cultural and linguistic competence simultaneously in the language classroom is gaining increasing attention from EFL practitioners and curriculum designers. This paper contends that albeit second language learning is a complex phenomenon with different variables concerning the psychological factors of the learners and the socio-cultural elements of the contexts, an interactional approach to second language learning can ensure that a social perspective of second language development and instruction contributes to having a positive effect on the nature and quality of language learning, which activates the autonomous learning motivation and creates diversity in the learning atmosphere.展开更多
As humans,we can naturally break down a task into individual steps in our daily lives and we are able to provide feedback or dynamically adjust the plan when encountering obstacles.Similarly,our aim is to facilitate a...As humans,we can naturally break down a task into individual steps in our daily lives and we are able to provide feedback or dynamically adjust the plan when encountering obstacles.Similarly,our aim is to facilitate agents in comprehending and carrying out natural language instructions in a more efficient and cost-effective manner.For example,in Vision–Language Navigation(VLN)tasks,the agent needs to understand instructions such as“go to the table by the fridge”.This understanding allows the agent to navigate to the table and infer that the destination is likely to be in the kitchen.The traditional VLN approach mainly involves training models using a large number of labeled datasets for task planning in unseen environments.However,manual labeling incurs a high cost for this approach.Considering that large language models(LLMs)already possess extensive commonsense knowledge during pretraining,some researchers have started using LLMs as decision modules in embodied tasks,although this approach shows the LLMs’reasoning ability to plan a logical sequence of subtasks based on global information.However,executing subtasks often encounters issues,such as obstacles that hinder progress and alterations in the state of the target object.Even one mistake can cause the subsequent tasks to fail,which makes it challenging to complete the instructions through a single plan.Therefore,we propose a new approach—C(Correction)and P(Planning)with M(Memory)I(Integration)—that centered on an LLM for embodied tasks.In more detail,the auxiliary modules of the CPMI facilitate dynamic planning by the LLM-centric planner.These modules provide the agent with memory and generalized experience mechanisms to fully utilize the LLM capabilities,allowing it to improve its performance during execution.Finally,the experimental results on public datasets demonstrate that we achieve the best performance in the few-shot scenario,improving the efficiency of the successive task while increasing the success rate.展开更多
文摘In contemporary society,language transcends its function as a mere tool for communication.It is intrinsically linked to a people’s culture,values,and worldview.This observation is particularly salient in our globalized world,where linguistic considerations have assumed strategic importance.Recognizing this potential,numerous states are seeking to bolster their international relations by prioritizing the teaching of their languages.It is within this context that we focus our attention on the teaching of Chinese in Congo-Brazzaville.Our objective is to investigate the significance of this language in consolidating bilateral relations between China and Congo.To achieve this,we analyze the current state of Chinese language instruction within the Congolese educational system,emphasize the implications of its dissemination,and propose potential avenues for improvement.Our approach is qualitative,drawing upon observations,interviews,and a review of existing literature.We aim to understand how the teaching of Chinese can contribute to the economic,cultural,and social development of Congo,while simultaneously strengthening ties with China.
基金General Projects of the National Social Science Fund(Funding No.17BYY134).
文摘As the essence of traditional Chinese educational thought,heuristic teaching has gradually enriched and devel-oped its ideas through the continuous efforts of educational researchers of the past dynasties.In front-line teach-ing,heuristic teaching,as a teaching principle that can help teachers and students to interact and learn,undoubtedly plays an important role in students’acquisition of knowledge and scientific thinking activities.But teachers’understanding of heuristic teaching is not the same.In actual teaching,there are obvious gaps in language ability among different teachers.This research aims to enrich the heuristic teaching theory based on the perspective of psychology,and provide a certain theoretical basis for teacher training.Through the research and analysis of the generation path of the heuristic teaching language,this paper helps more teachers realize the advantages of the heuristic teaching language,improve their own heuristic teaching language level,and provide reference for the scientific teaching evaluation standard.We apply the heuristic instruction language approach proposed in this study and apply it to real classrooms.In the application,it can be clearly found that the students’thinking and participation have been strengthened,and the teaching effect has been significantly improved com-pared with the past,which indicates that the heuristic teaching language generation path in this study has certain practical application value.
基金This work was partially supported by the Royal Society of UK and the National Natural Science Foundation of PRC (No. 60175028).
文摘A support vector rule based method is investigated for the construction of motion controllers via natural language training. It is a two-phase process including motion control information collection from natural language instructions, and motion information condensation with the aid of support vector machine （SVM） theory. Self-organizing fuzzy neural networks are utilized for the collection of control rules, from which support vector rules are extracted to form a final controller to achieve any given control accuracy. In this way, the number of control rules is reduced, and the structure of the controller tidied, making a controller constructed using natural language training more appropriate in practice, and providing a fundamental rule base for high-level robot behavior control. Simulations and experiments on a wheeled robot are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60373037), the Hi-Tech Research and Development Pro-gram (863) of China (No. 2004AA119060), Natural Science Founda-tion of Zhejiang Province (No. M603228), Zhejiang Science and Technology Plan Project, and Ningbo Science Foundation for Doctor, China
文摘This paper describes a new framework for reusing hand-drawn cartoon clips based on language understanding ap- proach. Our framework involves two stages: a preprocessing phase, in which a hand-drawn clip library with mixed architecture is constructed, and the on-line phase, in which the domain dependent language instructions parsing is carried out and clips in the clip library are matched by use of some matching values calculated from the information derived from instruction parsing. An im- portant feature of our approach is its ability to preserve the artistic quality of clips in the produced cartoon animations.
文摘Despite its potential in foreign language education, the cross-lingual strategy has been marginalized and stigmatized in many EFL contexts including language education in private language schools of Iran. This study aims to uncover the facilitative role of the cross-lingual strategy in foreign language instruction by theorizing experienced language teachers＇ practice. To this end, some experienced teachers were selected in line with the sampling procedures of Grounded Theory from famous English language institutes of Tehran, the capital city of lran. Iterative data collection and analysis revealed that first language use can be differentiated based on learners＇ level of proficiency. For the beginners, it can be used to present classroom management rules, provide learners with the necessary classroom language and establish rapport. Similarly, at intermediate level LI can be used to check mastery over the teaching points, give vocabulary equivalents, and explain writing rules. As for advanced learners, it can be used to explain the subtleties of grammar and provide learners with ideas to participate in classroom discussion and text processing.
文摘The goal of language instruction for EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners has always been a hot topic in SLA （Second Language Acquisition）. First, Alan Davies＇s view to regard native speaker＇s proficiency as the goal of both L2 and EFL learners is retorted. And then another complete and realistic goal for EFL learners, that is, understandable and acceptable interlanguage of EFL learners themselves is sought out. Furthermore, the four characteristics of EFL learners＇ IL are to be summarized. Finally, one needs to notice the fact that interlanguage is dynamic and has a close relation to SLA and EFL study.
文摘The place of language forms in a communicative language classroom has been addressed by many researchers over the past decade. This article reveals the challenge it poses to classroom practitioners in China and seeks the optimal treatment of language forms in a tertiary level language classroom.
文摘Language learning strategies play an important role in language learning. Students in vocational technical colleges have been regarded as low English proficiency learners due to their weak foundation in learning English. To explore the solution, the present study employed a specific survey of language learning strategy use and tried to conduct a one-semester language learning strategy training, aiming to investigate the effects of integrating language learning strategy into EFL instruction for non-English major students in vocational technical colleges. We found after the instruction, the difference in the frequency of overall strategy use between the experimental group and the control group was significant indicating that the students could be trained with language learning strategies to enhance the frequency of their strategy use. After language learning strategy instruction, the experimental group didn＇t perform significantly better than the control group in terms of their English language proficiency. However, the results of this present study still supported this viewpoint that the strategy instruction had positive impacts to some extent if properly conducted, for it had positive effects on enhancing students＇ language learning strategy use.
文摘In the rapidly evolving academic field of CALL （computer-assisted language leaming） in China, it is no longer a question of whether to take advantage of the technologies of computer and Internet in foreign language instruction, but of how to make effective use of them. By reviewing the literature of CALL in China and abroad, this article holds the view that in China where the educational resources are insufficient and unevenly distributed, the use of CALL should confirm and expand ESL/EFL theories to the utmost; the research of CALL should focus more on learning or learner, especially on learning strategy in CALL environment; to have a better understanding of the potential and functions of CALL in foreign language instruction, the research of CALL should cover all aspects of language learning.
文摘This study investigated the perceptions of English educators and supervisors in Jeddah Governorate regarding the process of teaching English to elementary students.A survey was conducted using a sample size of 94 educators and 10 supervisors.The data indicate that respondents considered English instruction at the elementary level essential for expanding kids’perspectives,improving academic performance,and promoting international involvement.The main advantages cited are the development of English language skills and the promotion of early education.Although not as easily noticeable,the disadvantages include potential negative impacts on an individual’s proficiency in Arabic and their sense of national identification.The highlighted challenges encompass insufficient teacher training,student reluctance towards English,limited resources,and school disparities.The proposed techniques focused on prioritizing English instructors’training,ensuring the use of appropriate content,utilizing technology,and promoting awareness of students and educators.The current research found different obstacles in teaching English at elementary stages.To overcome these obstacles,it will be essential to enhance teacher competencies,develop efficient teaching methods,get the backing of stakeholders,assign adequate resources,and carry out continuous evaluations.Further research can also contribute to a better understanding of how early English learning impacts on Arabic identity and proficiency.
文摘Currently research on developing socio-cultural and linguistic competence simultaneously in the language classroom is gaining increasing attention from EFL practitioners and curriculum designers. This paper contends that albeit second language learning is a complex phenomenon with different variables concerning the psychological factors of the learners and the socio-cultural elements of the contexts, an interactional approach to second language learning can ensure that a social perspective of second language development and instruction contributes to having a positive effect on the nature and quality of language learning, which activates the autonomous learning motivation and creates diversity in the learning atmosphere.
基金supported by the Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.23ZR1422800).
文摘As humans,we can naturally break down a task into individual steps in our daily lives and we are able to provide feedback or dynamically adjust the plan when encountering obstacles.Similarly,our aim is to facilitate agents in comprehending and carrying out natural language instructions in a more efficient and cost-effective manner.For example,in Vision–Language Navigation(VLN)tasks,the agent needs to understand instructions such as“go to the table by the fridge”.This understanding allows the agent to navigate to the table and infer that the destination is likely to be in the kitchen.The traditional VLN approach mainly involves training models using a large number of labeled datasets for task planning in unseen environments.However,manual labeling incurs a high cost for this approach.Considering that large language models(LLMs)already possess extensive commonsense knowledge during pretraining,some researchers have started using LLMs as decision modules in embodied tasks,although this approach shows the LLMs’reasoning ability to plan a logical sequence of subtasks based on global information.However,executing subtasks often encounters issues,such as obstacles that hinder progress and alterations in the state of the target object.Even one mistake can cause the subsequent tasks to fail,which makes it challenging to complete the instructions through a single plan.Therefore,we propose a new approach—C(Correction)and P(Planning)with M(Memory)I(Integration)—that centered on an LLM for embodied tasks.In more detail,the auxiliary modules of the CPMI facilitate dynamic planning by the LLM-centric planner.These modules provide the agent with memory and generalized experience mechanisms to fully utilize the LLM capabilities,allowing it to improve its performance during execution.Finally,the experimental results on public datasets demonstrate that we achieve the best performance in the few-shot scenario,improving the efficiency of the successive task while increasing the success rate.
