The article gives an introduction to the Ukrainian Research Institute of Refractories and especially its R & D and refractory products for the industries of iron and steel, nonferrous , glass and chemistry etc.
Over the last 25 years the conservation of 20^(th)-century heritage has developed into a distinct area of practice, catalysed by the efforts of dedicated international and local interest groups and the forward thinkin...Over the last 25 years the conservation of 20^(th)-century heritage has developed into a distinct area of practice, catalysed by the efforts of dedicated international and local interest groups and the forward thinking of a number of government and inter-government organisations who identified, protected and developed approaches to its care. Much has been achieved, but more work is needed to address many of the distinct challenges to conserving the heritage of the 20^(th) century. In 2011, the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) launched its Conserving Modern Architecture Initiative (CMAI), which seeks to respond to the outstanding current challenges and contribute to advancing practice in this emerging area of conservation. It began with a survey of the field to identify where existing efforts could be best supported and enhanced, or where knowledge gaps could be potentially filled. In response the GCI built a comprehensive program to meet these identified needs and five years later, a number of activities and projects are underway. These include a series of publications, a training program, historical and technical research and two field projects at Louis Kahn’s Salk Biological Institute (1965) and the house of Ray and Charles Eames (1949), both in California. This paper outlines current GCI efforts, reports on initial outcomes and describes forthcoming activities.展开更多
Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is a global public health problem,affecting more than 400 million people worldwide.The clinical spectrum is wide,ranging from a subclinical inactive carrier state,to progressive...Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is a global public health problem,affecting more than 400 million people worldwide.The clinical spectrum is wide,ranging from a subclinical inactive carrier state,to progressive chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis,decompensation,and hepatocellular carcinoma.However,complications of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related chronic liver disease may be reduced by viral suppression.Current international guidelines recommend first-line treatment of CHB infection with pegylated interferon,entecavir,or tenofovir,but the optimal treatment for an individualpatient is controversial.The indications for treatment are contentious,and increasing evidence suggests that HBV genotyping,as well as serial on-treatment measurements of hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA kinetics should be used to predict antiviral treatment response.The likelihood of achieving a sustained virological response is also increased by extending treatment duration,and using combination therapy.Hence the paradigm for treatment of CHB is constantly evolving.This article summarizes the different indications for treatment,and systematically reviews the evidence for the efficacy of various antiviral agents.It further discusses the shortcomings of current guidelines,use of rescue therapy in drug-resistant strains of HBV,and highlights the promising clinical trials for emerging therapies in the pipeline.This concise overview presents an updated practical approach to guide the clinical management of CHB.展开更多
文摘The article gives an introduction to the Ukrainian Research Institute of Refractories and especially its R & D and refractory products for the industries of iron and steel, nonferrous , glass and chemistry etc.
文摘Over the last 25 years the conservation of 20^(th)-century heritage has developed into a distinct area of practice, catalysed by the efforts of dedicated international and local interest groups and the forward thinking of a number of government and inter-government organisations who identified, protected and developed approaches to its care. Much has been achieved, but more work is needed to address many of the distinct challenges to conserving the heritage of the 20^(th) century. In 2011, the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) launched its Conserving Modern Architecture Initiative (CMAI), which seeks to respond to the outstanding current challenges and contribute to advancing practice in this emerging area of conservation. It began with a survey of the field to identify where existing efforts could be best supported and enhanced, or where knowledge gaps could be potentially filled. In response the GCI built a comprehensive program to meet these identified needs and five years later, a number of activities and projects are underway. These include a series of publications, a training program, historical and technical research and two field projects at Louis Kahn’s Salk Biological Institute (1965) and the house of Ray and Charles Eames (1949), both in California. This paper outlines current GCI efforts, reports on initial outcomes and describes forthcoming activities.
基金Supported by Collaborative Research Fund(CUHK3/CRF/12RHKU3/CRF11R)of the Research Grant Council Hong Kong+2 种基金National Basic Research Program of China,973 Program,No.2013CB531401CUHK Focused Investments Scheme B to HY LanTheme-based Research Scheme of the Hong Kong Re-search Grants Council,No.T12-403-11
文摘Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is a global public health problem,affecting more than 400 million people worldwide.The clinical spectrum is wide,ranging from a subclinical inactive carrier state,to progressive chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis,decompensation,and hepatocellular carcinoma.However,complications of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related chronic liver disease may be reduced by viral suppression.Current international guidelines recommend first-line treatment of CHB infection with pegylated interferon,entecavir,or tenofovir,but the optimal treatment for an individualpatient is controversial.The indications for treatment are contentious,and increasing evidence suggests that HBV genotyping,as well as serial on-treatment measurements of hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA kinetics should be used to predict antiviral treatment response.The likelihood of achieving a sustained virological response is also increased by extending treatment duration,and using combination therapy.Hence the paradigm for treatment of CHB is constantly evolving.This article summarizes the different indications for treatment,and systematically reviews the evidence for the efficacy of various antiviral agents.It further discusses the shortcomings of current guidelines,use of rescue therapy in drug-resistant strains of HBV,and highlights the promising clinical trials for emerging therapies in the pipeline.This concise overview presents an updated practical approach to guide the clinical management of CHB.
