Roadkill has become a pivotal issue in the global decline of amphibian populations.Conventional research methods have typically relied on the examination of dried carcasses found long after wildlife-vehicle collisions...Roadkill has become a pivotal issue in the global decline of amphibian populations.Conventional research methods have typically relied on the examination of dried carcasses found long after wildlife-vehicle collisions, which influnce the accuracy of the taxonomic classification and assessment of roadkill rates. To overcome these limitations, we conducted a nocturnal survey on National Road G108in the Qinling Mountains immediately following a night rainstorm in July 2016. We employed molecular techniques to distinguish species that are morphologically identical but share overlapping habitats. Our investigation revealed that within five hours, 92 amphibians from five different species were documented across three 2-km road transects. Among these, 31 individuals were identified as roadkill,resulting in an overall rate of 33%, or roughly five fatalities per kilometer. Significantly, the mountain stream frogs Nanorana quadranus and N. taihangnica comprised 40.2% and 30.4% of the total individuals observed, with mortality rates of 35.1% and 25.0%,respectively. We found no significant variation in mortality rates between different age groups or genders for either species. Our research suggests that conducting surveys at night, immediately following summer rainstorms, is an efficient strategy for evaluating the impacts of roadkill. The post-rain foraging behaviors and the dispersal of juveniles are key factors contributing to road crossings outside of the breeding season. Consequently, this study recommends that traffic authorities in mountainous areas take measures to reduce vehicle traffic following summer rainstorms in order to minimize the threat to amphibian lives.展开更多
Imaging through scattering medium is challenging but important for different applications.Most advances rely on computational image reconstruction from scattering signals.In these conventional investigations,speckles ...Imaging through scattering medium is challenging but important for different applications.Most advances rely on computational image reconstruction from scattering signals.In these conventional investigations,speckles were always treated as scrambled grainy patterns.Directly seeing through scattering diffusers has never been realized.Here,we report a new strategy to see through random diffusers directly using self-imaging of speckles.By analyzing the physics,a direct observation strategy through scattering media is reported with improved image quality.Using this method,we experimentally demonstrated reconstruction-free real-time imaging of static and moving objects with their actual orientation information under single-wavelength and white light illumination.We also proposed a modified speckle autocorrelation imaging(SAI)method inspired by the self-imaging results.Importantly,our strategy requires no pre-calibration or acquisition of point-spread-function,no active control of wavefronts or complicated equipment,nor iterations or carefully adjusted parameters,paving the way towards rapid and high-quality imaging through scattering diffusers.展开更多
Friction rolling additive manufacturing(FRAM)is a solid-state additive manufacturing technology that plasticizes the feed and deposits a material using frictional heat generated by the tool head.The thermal efficiency...Friction rolling additive manufacturing(FRAM)is a solid-state additive manufacturing technology that plasticizes the feed and deposits a material using frictional heat generated by the tool head.The thermal efficiency of FRAM,which depends only on friction to generate heat,is low,and the thermal-accumulation effect of the deposition process must be addressed.An FRAM heat-balance-control method that combines plasma-arc preheating and instant water cooling(PC-FRAM)is devised in this study,and a temperature field featuring rapidly increasing and decreasing temperature is constructed around the tool head.Additionally,2195-T87 Al-Li alloy is used as the feed material,and the effects of heating and cooling rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties are investigated.The results show that water cooling significantly improves heat accumulation during the deposition process.The cooling rate increases by 11.7 times,and the high-temperature residence time decreases by more than 50%.The grain size of the PC-FRAM sample is the smallest,i.e.,3.77±1.03μm,its dislocation density is the highest,and the number density of precipitates is the highest,the size of precipitates is the smallest,which shows the best precipitation-strengthening effect.The hardness test results are consistent with the precipitation distribution.The ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the PC-FRAM samples are the highest(351±15.6 MPa,251.3±15.8 MPa and 16.25%±1.25%,respectively)among the samples investigated.The preheating and water-cooling-assisted deposition simultaneously increases the tensile strength and elongation of the deposited samples.The combination of preheating and instant cooling improves the deposition efficiency of FRAM and weakens the thermal-softening effect.展开更多
Thanks to their unique flavor and high quality,Indonesia’s Indomie instant noodles are popular throughout Southeast Asia.However,Mars Incorporated,the manufacturer of the product,has encountered its share of challeng...Thanks to their unique flavor and high quality,Indonesia’s Indomie instant noodles are popular throughout Southeast Asia.However,Mars Incorporated,the manufacturer of the product,has encountered its share of challenges while entering the highly competitive and complex Chinese market.The China-ASEAN Expo(CAEXPO)has become a key platform for Indomie to gain a foothold in the Chinese market.展开更多
Aquick tap on your phone on your way to work has your usual co!ee arriving at the o"ce before you do.Preparing for an evening event,a new foundation shade arrives in under 30 minutes,no store visit required.At a ...Aquick tap on your phone on your way to work has your usual co!ee arriving at the o"ce before you do.Preparing for an evening event,a new foundation shade arrives in under 30 minutes,no store visit required.At a weekend picnic,pet treats show up from across town just as easily as lunch.Wake up at 2 a.m.with a sick child?Medicine is at your door within minutes.This is life with China’s rapidly developing sales model known as instant retail.Instant retail is an evolution of traditional food delivery,expanding the concept from meals to virtually anything consumers might need.By integrating online ordering with rapid local fulfillment,it connects digital platforms with brick-and-mortar stores and leverages efficient delivery networks to bring goods to consumers within 30 to 60 minutes.With its speed,flexibility,and broad range of offerings,instant retail is rapidly becoming an everyday feature of urban life and is transforming the future of The Economy in Real Time retail.展开更多
The low-temperature spray drying technology was developed to process instant berry powder with high efficiency and higher anthocyanin retention.The maltodextrin,whey protein and inulin were selected as additives for i...The low-temperature spray drying technology was developed to process instant berry powder with high efficiency and higher anthocyanin retention.The maltodextrin,whey protein and inulin were selected as additives for instant properties formation in berry powder.The effects of inlet air temperature(40℃–80℃),vacuum degree(0.02–0.06 MPa)and additive amount on the physicochemical properties of berry powder were analyzed through solubility,anthocyanin retention and powder yield,based on moisture content and microstructure.The findings indicated that adding maltodextrin to berry enhanced the powder yield and instant solubility.Whey protein,as an additive,provided effective protection for the anthocyanins of berry powder,and the addition less than 10 g·100^(-1) g improved the powder yield.Inulin,as an additive,reduced moisture content of berry powder,which was conducive to the higher anthocyanin retention and solubility.Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)analysis was conducted to optimize the spray drying parameters for anthocyanin protection and solubility.The addition of 100%maltodextrin enhanced anthocyanin protection and solubility,while maintaining the desired moisture content and powder yield.This approach was used to evaluate the comprehensive quality of berry powder.This research can provide technical guidance for producing berry powder under low-temperature spray drying.展开更多
Aquick tap on your phone on your way to work has your usual coffee arriving at the office before you do.Preparing for an evening event,a new foundation shade arrives in under 30 minutes,no store visit required.At a we...Aquick tap on your phone on your way to work has your usual coffee arriving at the office before you do.Preparing for an evening event,a new foundation shade arrives in under 30 minutes,no store visit required.At a weekend picnic,pet treats show up from across town just as easily as lunch.展开更多
Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney c...Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney consolidation,astringency,diuresis,and heat-clearing.In this study,the polyphenolic constituents of D.juglandis and its functional instant tea were investigated in this study.Three polyphenolic compounds were isolated from 70%ethanol extract of D.juglandis Fructus as 2-methoxy juglone,regiolone and quercetin.The HPLC method was established for determination of the content of quercetin in the instant tea samples under the premise that the methodology was verifi ed to meet the standard requirements.The preparation process of D.juglandis Fructus instant tea was optimized through single factor experiments and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology and the optimal conditions were determined as follows:feed rate of 10 mL/min,inlet temperature of 151℃,andβ-cyclodextrin addition of 9%.Then the antioxidant activity of each sample was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays.The results showed that the quercetin had significant antioxidant activity.The instant tea group demonstrated superior antioxidant effects compared to the extracts group at 50,200,and 800μg/mL(P<0.001),likely due to the optimized spray-drying process,which might have enhanced the solubility,stability,and bioavailability of the active compounds.The results provided critical foundational data for the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of D.juglandis Fructus.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the optimal preparation process for lemon-flavored solid instant tea.[Methods]The formulation process was optimized through a single-factor combined orthogonal test,utilizing large-leaf Pu&#...[Objectives]To investigate the optimal preparation process for lemon-flavored solid instant tea.[Methods]The formulation process was optimized through a single-factor combined orthogonal test,utilizing large-leaf Pu'er tea as the primary raw material and perfume lemon as the auxiliary ingredient.Sensory scores and the effectiveness of the spray drying process served as the key indicators for this investigation.[Results]The optimal formulation for lemon-flavored solid instant tea was established as follows:15 g of Pu'er tea,25 g of perfume lemon,a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20(g/mL),an extraction temperature of 90℃,an extraction duration of 30 min,and air inlet and outlet temperatures of 200℃and 80℃,respectively.This formulation produced the most favorable flavor profile for the perfume lemon-flavored solid instant tea,which was characterized by a stable texture and a sensory evaluation score of 91.97 points.[Conclusions]This study has the potential to enhance the development and utilization of large-leaf Pu'er tea and perfume lemon resources.展开更多
This paper investigates a coupled system consisting of the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation,the compressible Euler equations for fluid dynamics,and the Maxwell equations for plasma dynamics.We establish the global well-p...This paper investigates a coupled system consisting of the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation,the compressible Euler equations for fluid dynamics,and the Maxwell equations for plasma dynamics.We establish the global well-posedness of the Cauchy problem within a perturbative framework.The proof relies on a refined energy method,which provides uniform control over the solution and ensures the global existence.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter deals with the stabilization problem of nonlinear stochastic systems via self-triggered impulsive control(STIC), where the timing of impulsive control actions is not dependent on continuous sta...Dear Editor,This letter deals with the stabilization problem of nonlinear stochastic systems via self-triggered impulsive control(STIC), where the timing of impulsive control actions is not dependent on continuous state monitoring. In contrast to the existing self-triggered control method, novel self-triggered mechanism(STM) is proposed by incorporating a waiting time for stabilizing impulses. This allows for direct prediction of the next impulsive instant.展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of instant moxibustion on the levels of prostaglandin E_2（PGE_2）,prostaglandin F2α（PGE_（2α）） and arginine vasopressin（AVP） in the uterine tissues of dismenorrhea rats with col...Objective To observe the effect of instant moxibustion on the levels of prostaglandin E_2（PGE_2）,prostaglandin F2α（PGE_（2α）） and arginine vasopressin（AVP） in the uterine tissues of dismenorrhea rats with cold-damp congealing and stagnation type and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,herble medicine group,pre-moxibustion group and instant moxibustion group,with 9 rats in each group.Cold-damp congealing and stagnation type primary dismenorrhea models were established by adopting（0±1）℃ ice waterextraction method combined with estradiol benzoate injection method.After modeling on the 8th day,in herble medicine group,Tongjingbao granules was given to the rats by intragastric administration.In pre-moxibustion group,mild moxibustion was carried out at ＂Shénquè＂（神阙 CV 8） and ＂Guānyuán＂（关元 CV 4） of the rats for 10 min at each acupoint.In instant moxibustion group,moxibustion as that in pre-moxibustion group was conducted for once after injection with oxytocin on the 11 th day.ELISA was adopted to detect the levels of PGE_2 and PGE_（2α） in the uterine tissues of rats,and radioimmunoassay was used for detection of AVP level in the uterine tissues of rats.Results Compared with the model group,the latent period of rats in herbal medicine group,premoxibustion group and instant moxibustion group obviously prolonged,the number of times of torsion reduced,and the total score of torsion decreased（P0.01）;compared with herbal medicine group,the latent period of rats in instant moxibustion group obviously prolonged,and the total score of torsion decreased（P0.05 or P0.01）;compared with pre-moxibustion group,the number of times of torsion of rats in instant moxibustion group reduced,and the total score of torsion decreased（P0.01）.Compared with blank group,the levels of PGE_（2α） and AVP and the ratio of PGE_（2α） and PGE_2 in the uterine tissues of rats in model group significantly increased（P0.01）,and the PGE_2 level significantly reduced（P0.01）;compared with model group,the PGE_（2α） level and the ratio of PGE_（2α） and PGE_2 in the uterine tissues of rats in herble medicine group,pre-moxibustion group and instant moxibustion group obviously reduced（P0.05 or P0.01）,the PGE_2 level obviously increased（P0.01）,and the AVP level in the uterine tissues of rats in pre-moxibustion group and instant moxibustion group obviously reduced（P0.05 or P0.01）;compared with herbal medicine group,the levels of PGE_（2α） and AVP and the ratio of PGE_（2α） and PGE_2 in the uterine tissues of rats in instant moxibustion group significantly reduced（P0.05 or P0.01）;compared with pre-moxibustion group,the PGE_（2α） level and the ratio of PGE_（2α） and PGE_2 in the uterine tissues of rats in instant moxibustion group obviously reduced（P0.05）,and the PGE_2 level obviously increased（P0.01）.Conclusion Both pre-moxibustion and instant moxibustion can obviously inhibit spasmodic uterine smooth muscle contraction of rats with dismenorrhea,regulate imbalanced levels of PGE_（2α） and PGE_2,reduce the AVP level,so as to improve the uterine hypoxia-ischemia,and play a role in alleviating pain.The efficacy of instant moxibustion was superior to that of pre-moxibustion.展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at ear and body acupoints for the instant fasting blood glucose of model machins with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）.Methods For 10 machins with type2 diabetes,t...Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at ear and body acupoints for the instant fasting blood glucose of model machins with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）.Methods For 10 machins with type2 diabetes,the electroacupuncture was applied at ＂Zusanli＂（足三里 ST 36）,＂Sanyinjiao＂（三阴交 SP 6） and three ＂Jiangtangdian＂（降糖点） in the ear continuously for 5 days,with the frequency of 2/15 Hz（The 2 Hz and the 15 Hz were transferred every second） and current of2 mA.The treatment was given once every day for 30 min.The fasting blood glucose was measured before acupuncture,after acupuncture for15 min and 30 min in the 5 days.Results On the first day,after 30-minute acupuncture the fasting blood glucose was reduced obviously compared with that before treatment（P〈0.01）.On the third and the fifth days,after acupuncture for 15 min and 30 min the fasting blood glucose was apparently lower than that before acupuncture（all P〈0.05）.On the fourth day,after acupuncture for 30 min the fasting blood glucose was decreased markedly than that before acupuncture（P〈0.05）.After 30-minute acupuncture on the fifth day,the fasting blood glucose was lower obviously than that before treatment on the first day（P〈0.05）.Conclusion ①The electroacupuncture at ear and body acupoints can reduce the instant fasting blood glucose of T2 DM machins apparently.② There is time effect on instant fasting blood glucose of T2 DM machins treated by electroacupuncture.The efficacy of 30-minute stimulation is superior to that of 15-minute acupuncture.After acupuncture continuously for 4 days,the effect is better than that with acupuncture for3 days successively.展开更多
目的 探讨InstantCHEKTM H .pylori法对十二指肠球部溃疡患者幽门螺杆菌感染诊断的临床意义。方法 应用InstantCHEKTM H .pylori法对 43例十二指肠球部溃疡患者进行血清幽门螺杆菌抗体检测 ,且与胃组织Giemsa染色检测幽门螺杆菌作...目的 探讨InstantCHEKTM H .pylori法对十二指肠球部溃疡患者幽门螺杆菌感染诊断的临床意义。方法 应用InstantCHEKTM H .pylori法对 43例十二指肠球部溃疡患者进行血清幽门螺杆菌抗体检测 ,且与胃组织Giemsa染色检测幽门螺杆菌作比较。结果 InstantCHEKTM H .pylori法检测阳性率为 81.40 % ,胃组织Giemsa染色检测阳性率为 72 .0 9% ,两者无明显差异。结论 InstantCHEKTM H .py lori法与胃组织Giemsa染色检测幽门螺杆菌阳性率基本相符 ,表明InstantCHEKTM H .展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the recipe and process of instant pickle by multiple steps with dry daylily as a raw material, and an orthogonal test was adopted to obtain the optimal recipe and process. The p...This study was conducted to investigate the recipe and process of instant pickle by multiple steps with dry daylily as a raw material, and an orthogonal test was adopted to obtain the optimal recipe and process. The pickling process of the instant flavored daylily was conducted at an optimal crisp-keeping Ca Cl2 concentration at 0.050%, cooking time of 5 min, pickling time of 6 h and a salt concentration of 4%. The effects of various factors on product taste were in order of salt concentrationcooking timepickling timeCa Cl2 concentration.The obtained product has the characteristics of strong fragrance, crisp delicious taste and unique flavor with stomachic effect.展开更多
With the application of the principle of PDCA, and dr awing on the experience of the process methods of the ISO9000 and the system met hods of management, the author analyses the basic requirement to fulfill quality m...With the application of the principle of PDCA, and dr awing on the experience of the process methods of the ISO9000 and the system met hods of management, the author analyses the basic requirement to fulfill quality management system in enterprises. Then the author inquires into the procedure t o establish the efficiency quality management system. Finally four stages (plan, do, check, action) and eight steps (decision, plan, analyze, design, do, check, improve, fulfill) are put forward to fulfill quality management system.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170435)。
文摘Roadkill has become a pivotal issue in the global decline of amphibian populations.Conventional research methods have typically relied on the examination of dried carcasses found long after wildlife-vehicle collisions, which influnce the accuracy of the taxonomic classification and assessment of roadkill rates. To overcome these limitations, we conducted a nocturnal survey on National Road G108in the Qinling Mountains immediately following a night rainstorm in July 2016. We employed molecular techniques to distinguish species that are morphologically identical but share overlapping habitats. Our investigation revealed that within five hours, 92 amphibians from five different species were documented across three 2-km road transects. Among these, 31 individuals were identified as roadkill,resulting in an overall rate of 33%, or roughly five fatalities per kilometer. Significantly, the mountain stream frogs Nanorana quadranus and N. taihangnica comprised 40.2% and 30.4% of the total individuals observed, with mortality rates of 35.1% and 25.0%,respectively. We found no significant variation in mortality rates between different age groups or genders for either species. Our research suggests that conducting surveys at night, immediately following summer rainstorms, is an efficient strategy for evaluating the impacts of roadkill. The post-rain foraging behaviors and the dispersal of juveniles are key factors contributing to road crossings outside of the breeding season. Consequently, this study recommends that traffic authorities in mountainous areas take measures to reduce vehicle traffic following summer rainstorms in order to minimize the threat to amphibian lives.
文摘Imaging through scattering medium is challenging but important for different applications.Most advances rely on computational image reconstruction from scattering signals.In these conventional investigations,speckles were always treated as scrambled grainy patterns.Directly seeing through scattering diffusers has never been realized.Here,we report a new strategy to see through random diffusers directly using self-imaging of speckles.By analyzing the physics,a direct observation strategy through scattering media is reported with improved image quality.Using this method,we experimentally demonstrated reconstruction-free real-time imaging of static and moving objects with their actual orientation information under single-wavelength and white light illumination.We also proposed a modified speckle autocorrelation imaging(SAI)method inspired by the self-imaging results.Importantly,our strategy requires no pre-calibration or acquisition of point-spread-function,no active control of wavefronts or complicated equipment,nor iterations or carefully adjusted parameters,paving the way towards rapid and high-quality imaging through scattering diffusers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275299,52105313)R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(No.KM202210005036)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0701)National Defense Basic Research Projects of China(No.JCKY2022405C002).
文摘Friction rolling additive manufacturing(FRAM)is a solid-state additive manufacturing technology that plasticizes the feed and deposits a material using frictional heat generated by the tool head.The thermal efficiency of FRAM,which depends only on friction to generate heat,is low,and the thermal-accumulation effect of the deposition process must be addressed.An FRAM heat-balance-control method that combines plasma-arc preheating and instant water cooling(PC-FRAM)is devised in this study,and a temperature field featuring rapidly increasing and decreasing temperature is constructed around the tool head.Additionally,2195-T87 Al-Li alloy is used as the feed material,and the effects of heating and cooling rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties are investigated.The results show that water cooling significantly improves heat accumulation during the deposition process.The cooling rate increases by 11.7 times,and the high-temperature residence time decreases by more than 50%.The grain size of the PC-FRAM sample is the smallest,i.e.,3.77±1.03μm,its dislocation density is the highest,and the number density of precipitates is the highest,the size of precipitates is the smallest,which shows the best precipitation-strengthening effect.The hardness test results are consistent with the precipitation distribution.The ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the PC-FRAM samples are the highest(351±15.6 MPa,251.3±15.8 MPa and 16.25%±1.25%,respectively)among the samples investigated.The preheating and water-cooling-assisted deposition simultaneously increases the tensile strength and elongation of the deposited samples.The combination of preheating and instant cooling improves the deposition efficiency of FRAM and weakens the thermal-softening effect.
文摘Thanks to their unique flavor and high quality,Indonesia’s Indomie instant noodles are popular throughout Southeast Asia.However,Mars Incorporated,the manufacturer of the product,has encountered its share of challenges while entering the highly competitive and complex Chinese market.The China-ASEAN Expo(CAEXPO)has become a key platform for Indomie to gain a foothold in the Chinese market.
文摘Aquick tap on your phone on your way to work has your usual co!ee arriving at the o"ce before you do.Preparing for an evening event,a new foundation shade arrives in under 30 minutes,no store visit required.At a weekend picnic,pet treats show up from across town just as easily as lunch.Wake up at 2 a.m.with a sick child?Medicine is at your door within minutes.This is life with China’s rapidly developing sales model known as instant retail.Instant retail is an evolution of traditional food delivery,expanding the concept from meals to virtually anything consumers might need.By integrating online ordering with rapid local fulfillment,it connects digital platforms with brick-and-mortar stores and leverages efficient delivery networks to bring goods to consumers within 30 to 60 minutes.With its speed,flexibility,and broad range of offerings,instant retail is rapidly becoming an everyday feature of urban life and is transforming the future of The Economy in Real Time retail.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072352)。
文摘The low-temperature spray drying technology was developed to process instant berry powder with high efficiency and higher anthocyanin retention.The maltodextrin,whey protein and inulin were selected as additives for instant properties formation in berry powder.The effects of inlet air temperature(40℃–80℃),vacuum degree(0.02–0.06 MPa)and additive amount on the physicochemical properties of berry powder were analyzed through solubility,anthocyanin retention and powder yield,based on moisture content and microstructure.The findings indicated that adding maltodextrin to berry enhanced the powder yield and instant solubility.Whey protein,as an additive,provided effective protection for the anthocyanins of berry powder,and the addition less than 10 g·100^(-1) g improved the powder yield.Inulin,as an additive,reduced moisture content of berry powder,which was conducive to the higher anthocyanin retention and solubility.Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)analysis was conducted to optimize the spray drying parameters for anthocyanin protection and solubility.The addition of 100%maltodextrin enhanced anthocyanin protection and solubility,while maintaining the desired moisture content and powder yield.This approach was used to evaluate the comprehensive quality of berry powder.This research can provide technical guidance for producing berry powder under low-temperature spray drying.
文摘Aquick tap on your phone on your way to work has your usual coffee arriving at the office before you do.Preparing for an evening event,a new foundation shade arrives in under 30 minutes,no store visit required.At a weekend picnic,pet treats show up from across town just as easily as lunch.
文摘Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney consolidation,astringency,diuresis,and heat-clearing.In this study,the polyphenolic constituents of D.juglandis and its functional instant tea were investigated in this study.Three polyphenolic compounds were isolated from 70%ethanol extract of D.juglandis Fructus as 2-methoxy juglone,regiolone and quercetin.The HPLC method was established for determination of the content of quercetin in the instant tea samples under the premise that the methodology was verifi ed to meet the standard requirements.The preparation process of D.juglandis Fructus instant tea was optimized through single factor experiments and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology and the optimal conditions were determined as follows:feed rate of 10 mL/min,inlet temperature of 151℃,andβ-cyclodextrin addition of 9%.Then the antioxidant activity of each sample was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays.The results showed that the quercetin had significant antioxidant activity.The instant tea group demonstrated superior antioxidant effects compared to the extracts group at 50,200,and 800μg/mL(P<0.001),likely due to the optimized spray-drying process,which might have enhanced the solubility,stability,and bioavailability of the active compounds.The results provided critical foundational data for the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of D.juglandis Fructus.
基金Supported by Basic Research Special Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(202401AT070216)Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(2024J0512).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the optimal preparation process for lemon-flavored solid instant tea.[Methods]The formulation process was optimized through a single-factor combined orthogonal test,utilizing large-leaf Pu'er tea as the primary raw material and perfume lemon as the auxiliary ingredient.Sensory scores and the effectiveness of the spray drying process served as the key indicators for this investigation.[Results]The optimal formulation for lemon-flavored solid instant tea was established as follows:15 g of Pu'er tea,25 g of perfume lemon,a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20(g/mL),an extraction temperature of 90℃,an extraction duration of 30 min,and air inlet and outlet temperatures of 200℃and 80℃,respectively.This formulation produced the most favorable flavor profile for the perfume lemon-flavored solid instant tea,which was characterized by a stable texture and a sensory evaluation score of 91.97 points.[Conclusions]This study has the potential to enhance the development and utilization of large-leaf Pu'er tea and perfume lemon resources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12325107)。
文摘This paper investigates a coupled system consisting of the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation,the compressible Euler equations for fluid dynamics,and the Maxwell equations for plasma dynamics.We establish the global well-posedness of the Cauchy problem within a perturbative framework.The proof relies on a refined energy method,which provides uniform control over the solution and ensures the global existence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62403393,12202058,62103118)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021T140160,2023 T160051)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB 2023NSCQ-MSX0152)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter deals with the stabilization problem of nonlinear stochastic systems via self-triggered impulsive control(STIC), where the timing of impulsive control actions is not dependent on continuous state monitoring. In contrast to the existing self-triggered control method, novel self-triggered mechanism(STM) is proposed by incorporating a waiting time for stabilizing impulses. This allows for direct prediction of the next impulsive instant.
基金Supported by youth fund project fanded by Hebei Education Department:QN2015027scientific project funded by Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province:2015089
文摘Objective To observe the effect of instant moxibustion on the levels of prostaglandin E_2（PGE_2）,prostaglandin F2α（PGE_（2α）） and arginine vasopressin（AVP） in the uterine tissues of dismenorrhea rats with cold-damp congealing and stagnation type and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,herble medicine group,pre-moxibustion group and instant moxibustion group,with 9 rats in each group.Cold-damp congealing and stagnation type primary dismenorrhea models were established by adopting（0±1）℃ ice waterextraction method combined with estradiol benzoate injection method.After modeling on the 8th day,in herble medicine group,Tongjingbao granules was given to the rats by intragastric administration.In pre-moxibustion group,mild moxibustion was carried out at ＂Shénquè＂（神阙 CV 8） and ＂Guānyuán＂（关元 CV 4） of the rats for 10 min at each acupoint.In instant moxibustion group,moxibustion as that in pre-moxibustion group was conducted for once after injection with oxytocin on the 11 th day.ELISA was adopted to detect the levels of PGE_2 and PGE_（2α） in the uterine tissues of rats,and radioimmunoassay was used for detection of AVP level in the uterine tissues of rats.Results Compared with the model group,the latent period of rats in herbal medicine group,premoxibustion group and instant moxibustion group obviously prolonged,the number of times of torsion reduced,and the total score of torsion decreased（P0.01）;compared with herbal medicine group,the latent period of rats in instant moxibustion group obviously prolonged,and the total score of torsion decreased（P0.05 or P0.01）;compared with pre-moxibustion group,the number of times of torsion of rats in instant moxibustion group reduced,and the total score of torsion decreased（P0.01）.Compared with blank group,the levels of PGE_（2α） and AVP and the ratio of PGE_（2α） and PGE_2 in the uterine tissues of rats in model group significantly increased（P0.01）,and the PGE_2 level significantly reduced（P0.01）;compared with model group,the PGE_（2α） level and the ratio of PGE_（2α） and PGE_2 in the uterine tissues of rats in herble medicine group,pre-moxibustion group and instant moxibustion group obviously reduced（P0.05 or P0.01）,the PGE_2 level obviously increased（P0.01）,and the AVP level in the uterine tissues of rats in pre-moxibustion group and instant moxibustion group obviously reduced（P0.05 or P0.01）;compared with herbal medicine group,the levels of PGE_（2α） and AVP and the ratio of PGE_（2α） and PGE_2 in the uterine tissues of rats in instant moxibustion group significantly reduced（P0.05 or P0.01）;compared with pre-moxibustion group,the PGE_（2α） level and the ratio of PGE_（2α） and PGE_2 in the uterine tissues of rats in instant moxibustion group obviously reduced（P0.05）,and the PGE_2 level obviously increased（P0.01）.Conclusion Both pre-moxibustion and instant moxibustion can obviously inhibit spasmodic uterine smooth muscle contraction of rats with dismenorrhea,regulate imbalanced levels of PGE_（2α） and PGE_2,reduce the AVP level,so as to improve the uterine hypoxia-ischemia,and play a role in alleviating pain.The efficacy of instant moxibustion was superior to that of pre-moxibustion.
基金National Basic Research Program of China:2012CB518503National twelfth five-year science and technology support program:2012BAF14B10Special fund of technology research and development for institute by Ministry of science and Technology of China:2011EG152313
文摘Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at ear and body acupoints for the instant fasting blood glucose of model machins with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）.Methods For 10 machins with type2 diabetes,the electroacupuncture was applied at ＂Zusanli＂（足三里 ST 36）,＂Sanyinjiao＂（三阴交 SP 6） and three ＂Jiangtangdian＂（降糖点） in the ear continuously for 5 days,with the frequency of 2/15 Hz（The 2 Hz and the 15 Hz were transferred every second） and current of2 mA.The treatment was given once every day for 30 min.The fasting blood glucose was measured before acupuncture,after acupuncture for15 min and 30 min in the 5 days.Results On the first day,after 30-minute acupuncture the fasting blood glucose was reduced obviously compared with that before treatment（P〈0.01）.On the third and the fifth days,after acupuncture for 15 min and 30 min the fasting blood glucose was apparently lower than that before acupuncture（all P〈0.05）.On the fourth day,after acupuncture for 30 min the fasting blood glucose was decreased markedly than that before acupuncture（P〈0.05）.After 30-minute acupuncture on the fifth day,the fasting blood glucose was lower obviously than that before treatment on the first day（P〈0.05）.Conclusion ①The electroacupuncture at ear and body acupoints can reduce the instant fasting blood glucose of T2 DM machins apparently.② There is time effect on instant fasting blood glucose of T2 DM machins treated by electroacupuncture.The efficacy of 30-minute stimulation is superior to that of 15-minute acupuncture.After acupuncture continuously for 4 days,the effect is better than that with acupuncture for3 days successively.
基金Supported by the Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Province(CX(12)3080)~~
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the recipe and process of instant pickle by multiple steps with dry daylily as a raw material, and an orthogonal test was adopted to obtain the optimal recipe and process. The pickling process of the instant flavored daylily was conducted at an optimal crisp-keeping Ca Cl2 concentration at 0.050%, cooking time of 5 min, pickling time of 6 h and a salt concentration of 4%. The effects of various factors on product taste were in order of salt concentrationcooking timepickling timeCa Cl2 concentration.The obtained product has the characteristics of strong fragrance, crisp delicious taste and unique flavor with stomachic effect.
文摘With the application of the principle of PDCA, and dr awing on the experience of the process methods of the ISO9000 and the system met hods of management, the author analyses the basic requirement to fulfill quality management system in enterprises. Then the author inquires into the procedure t o establish the efficiency quality management system. Finally four stages (plan, do, check, action) and eight steps (decision, plan, analyze, design, do, check, improve, fulfill) are put forward to fulfill quality management system.
