Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations...Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.展开更多
The rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)at the China spallation neutron source operates as a high-intensity proton accelerator.The coupled bunch instability was observed during RCS beam commissioning,which significantly lim...The rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)at the China spallation neutron source operates as a high-intensity proton accelerator.The coupled bunch instability was observed during RCS beam commissioning,which significantly limited the beam power.To investigate the dynamics of instability under an increased beam power,a pulsed octupole magnet with a gradient of 900 T/m^(3) was developed.The magnet system integrated an octupole magnet with a pulsed power supply.The field was carefully measured to examine the performance before its installation into the tunnel.After the installation of the magnets,beam measurements were performed to confirm the effectiveness of the instability mitigation on an actual proton beam.The measurement results show that the instability can be suppressed using the pulsed octupole magnet,particularly at the highenergy stage in an acceleration cycle,meeting the requirements for stable operation of the accelerator.Additionally,when the instability is completely suppressed through chromaticity optimization,octupole magnets can significantly enhance the RCS transmission efficiency,which is crucial for controlling beam loss.The pulsed octupole magnet offers significant progress in beam stability in the RCS,providing valuable experience for further beam power enhancement.展开更多
To investigate the effect of tip clearance size on cavitation characteristics in a turbopump inducer,a series of experiments have been conducted in a newly developed visualization test facility using room temperature ...To investigate the effect of tip clearance size on cavitation characteristics in a turbopump inducer,a series of experiments have been conducted in a newly developed visualization test facility using room temperature water as working fluid.The pressure fluctuations near the tip region were collected,and the cavity structures under various conditions were documented by a high-speed camera.It is found that large tip clearance distinctly reduces both the non-cavitation and cavitation performance.Three cavitation instabilities,super-synchronous rotating cavitation,synchronous rotating cavitation and cavitation surge have been carefully identified through combination of cross-correlation analysis of pressure signals and visualization results.Large tip clearance displays a remarkable stabilization effect on pressure fluctuation,cavitation surge totally disappears,and the range of occurrence of synchronous rotating cavitation becomes smaller for the large tip clearance,whereas super-synchronous rotating cavitation only occurs in the large tip clearance.The cavitation areas are smaller at large tip clearance,while the flow channels are more seriously choked when cavitation occurs heavily in comparison with those at small tip clearance,which may be responsible for the worse cavitation performance.展开更多
交换不稳定性广泛存在于工程和自然界中,被认为是木星磁盘内径向物质输运的主要机制之一.本文基于理想磁流体力学理论,考虑了木星内磁层基本物理参数(Feng et al.,2025),获得了未考虑局域近似(扰动波长远小于特征长度)条件下的木星内磁...交换不稳定性广泛存在于工程和自然界中,被认为是木星磁盘内径向物质输运的主要机制之一.本文基于理想磁流体力学理论,考虑了木星内磁层基本物理参数(Feng et al.,2025),获得了未考虑局域近似(扰动波长远小于特征长度)条件下的木星内磁层交换不稳定性色散关系和不稳定判据;通过理论分析获得了木星内磁层交换不稳定性的主要增长模式与增长率.分析结果显示,在当前的参数条件下,在木卫一环内侧区域交换模式稳定;在木卫一环外侧存在交换模式不稳定区间,理论给出了不稳定性发生的空间位置.结果还表明,在木卫一环外侧的离心力与密度梯度共同驱动了交换不稳定性,而偶极磁场曲率与熵梯度对交换模式起致稳作用.当环向模数小于10时,交换不稳定性增长率随环向模数增大而增长;当环向模数大于10时,增长率趋于饱和.交换不稳定性增长率随径向模数增大而减小.理论分析获得的主导模式与数值模拟中增长率最大模式的环向模数(环向模数为m=13)接近.与文献Newcomb(1961)和Ferrière等(1999)的理论结果对比显示,本文推导获得的理论结果与Ferrière理论模型的不稳定区域基本一致,但是与Newcomb理论模型给出的木卫一外侧全区域不稳定的结果有差异.上述差异主要是因为Newcomb理论模型采用平板构型,未考虑弯曲磁场曲率制稳的影响.对比分析显示,理论结果获得的交换不稳定性主导模式(环向模数13)的增长率与Ferrière理论模型增长率接近,这说明局域近似理论能较好地描述木星内磁层交换不稳定性增长过程.与数值模拟结果相比,理论分析获得的主导模式增长率偏高约一个量级.展开更多
Ellipticity as the underlying mechanism for instabilities of physical systems is highlighted in the study of model nonlinear evolution equations with dissipation and the study of phase transition in Van der Waals flui...Ellipticity as the underlying mechanism for instabilities of physical systems is highlighted in the study of model nonlinear evolution equations with dissipation and the study of phase transition in Van der Waals fluid. Interesting results include spiky solutions, chaotic behavior in the context of partial differential equations, as well as the nucleation process due to ellipticity in phase transition.展开更多
The effectiveness of perforated liner with bias flow on the control of combustion instability is investigated.Combustion instabilities result from the coupling between acoustic waves and unsteady combustion heat relea...The effectiveness of perforated liner with bias flow on the control of combustion instability is investigated.Combustion instabilities result from the coupling between acoustic waves and unsteady combustion heat release.Sometimes the phenomenon happens in afterburners of aeroengine and rocket engine,and it always causes damage to flame holders,liner seetions and other engine components.Passive methods,such as perforated liner,are often used to suppress such instabilities in application.In this article,first,a burner testbed is built in order to study the characteristic of this phenomenon.The unstable frequencies and unsta-ble area are investigated experimentally.Then an analytical model,based on"transfer element method",is developed and the numerical results are compared with those from experiments.At last the perforated liner is applied to the burner to suppress the instabilities.The results show that the sound pressure can be greatly reduced by the perforated liner.展开更多
This paper presents an experimental study on the emission characteristics and combustion instabilities of oxy-fuel combustions in a swirl-stabilized combustor. Different oxygen concentrations (Xoxy=25%～45%, where Xox...This paper presents an experimental study on the emission characteristics and combustion instabilities of oxy-fuel combustions in a swirl-stabilized combustor. Different oxygen concentrations (Xoxy=25%～45%, where Xoxy is oxygen concentra- tion by volume), equivalence ratios (φ=0.75～1.15) and combustion powers (CP=1.08～2.02 kW) were investigated in the oxy-fuel (CH4/CO2/O2) combustions, and reference cases (Xoxy=25%～35%, CH4/N2/O2 flames) were covered. The results show that the oxygen concentration in the oxidant stream significantly affects the combustion delay in the oxy-fuel flames, and the equivalence ratio has a slight effect, whereas the combustion power shows no impact. The temperature levels of the oxy-fuel flames inside the combustion chamber are much higher (up to 38.7%) than those of the reference cases. Carbon monoxide was vastly produced when Xoxy>35% or φ>0.95 in the oxy-fuel flames, while no nitric oxide was found in the exhaust gases because no N2 participates in the combustion process. The combustion instability of the oxy-fuel combustion is very different from those of the reference cases with similar oxygen content. Oxy-fuel combustions excite strong oscillations in all cases studied Xoxy=25%～45%. However, no pressure fluctuations were detected in the reference cases when Xoxy>28.6% accomplished by heavily sooting flames which were not found in the oxy-fuel combustions. Spectrum analysis shows that the frequency of dynamic pressure oscillations exhibits randomness in the range of 50～250 Hz, therefore resulting in a very small resultant amplitude. Temporal oscillations are very strong with amplitudes larger than 200 Pa, even short time fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis (0.08 s) shows that the pressure amplitude can be larger than 40 Pa.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Tianjin Health Technology Project(Grant no.2022QN106).
文摘Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2021B1515140007).
文摘The rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)at the China spallation neutron source operates as a high-intensity proton accelerator.The coupled bunch instability was observed during RCS beam commissioning,which significantly limited the beam power.To investigate the dynamics of instability under an increased beam power,a pulsed octupole magnet with a gradient of 900 T/m^(3) was developed.The magnet system integrated an octupole magnet with a pulsed power supply.The field was carefully measured to examine the performance before its installation into the tunnel.After the installation of the magnets,beam measurements were performed to confirm the effectiveness of the instability mitigation on an actual proton beam.The measurement results show that the instability can be suppressed using the pulsed octupole magnet,particularly at the highenergy stage in an acceleration cycle,meeting the requirements for stable operation of the accelerator.Additionally,when the instability is completely suppressed through chromaticity optimization,octupole magnets can significantly enhance the RCS transmission efficiency,which is crucial for controlling beam loss.The pulsed octupole magnet offers significant progress in beam stability in the RCS,providing valuable experience for further beam power enhancement.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.613321)。
文摘To investigate the effect of tip clearance size on cavitation characteristics in a turbopump inducer,a series of experiments have been conducted in a newly developed visualization test facility using room temperature water as working fluid.The pressure fluctuations near the tip region were collected,and the cavity structures under various conditions were documented by a high-speed camera.It is found that large tip clearance distinctly reduces both the non-cavitation and cavitation performance.Three cavitation instabilities,super-synchronous rotating cavitation,synchronous rotating cavitation and cavitation surge have been carefully identified through combination of cross-correlation analysis of pressure signals and visualization results.Large tip clearance displays a remarkable stabilization effect on pressure fluctuation,cavitation surge totally disappears,and the range of occurrence of synchronous rotating cavitation becomes smaller for the large tip clearance,whereas super-synchronous rotating cavitation only occurs in the large tip clearance.The cavitation areas are smaller at large tip clearance,while the flow channels are more seriously choked when cavitation occurs heavily in comparison with those at small tip clearance,which may be responsible for the worse cavitation performance.
文摘交换不稳定性广泛存在于工程和自然界中,被认为是木星磁盘内径向物质输运的主要机制之一.本文基于理想磁流体力学理论,考虑了木星内磁层基本物理参数(Feng et al.,2025),获得了未考虑局域近似(扰动波长远小于特征长度)条件下的木星内磁层交换不稳定性色散关系和不稳定判据;通过理论分析获得了木星内磁层交换不稳定性的主要增长模式与增长率.分析结果显示,在当前的参数条件下,在木卫一环内侧区域交换模式稳定;在木卫一环外侧存在交换模式不稳定区间,理论给出了不稳定性发生的空间位置.结果还表明,在木卫一环外侧的离心力与密度梯度共同驱动了交换不稳定性,而偶极磁场曲率与熵梯度对交换模式起致稳作用.当环向模数小于10时,交换不稳定性增长率随环向模数增大而增长;当环向模数大于10时,增长率趋于饱和.交换不稳定性增长率随径向模数增大而减小.理论分析获得的主导模式与数值模拟中增长率最大模式的环向模数(环向模数为m=13)接近.与文献Newcomb(1961)和Ferrière等(1999)的理论结果对比显示,本文推导获得的理论结果与Ferrière理论模型的不稳定区域基本一致,但是与Newcomb理论模型给出的木卫一外侧全区域不稳定的结果有差异.上述差异主要是因为Newcomb理论模型采用平板构型,未考虑弯曲磁场曲率制稳的影响.对比分析显示,理论结果获得的交换不稳定性主导模式(环向模数13)的增长率与Ferrière理论模型增长率接近,这说明局域近似理论能较好地描述木星内磁层交换不稳定性增长过程.与数值模拟结果相比,理论分析获得的主导模式增长率偏高约一个量级.
文摘Ellipticity as the underlying mechanism for instabilities of physical systems is highlighted in the study of model nonlinear evolution equations with dissipation and the study of phase transition in Van der Waals fluid. Interesting results include spiky solutions, chaotic behavior in the context of partial differential equations, as well as the nucleation process due to ellipticity in phase transition.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(50890181)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2009ZB51)
文摘The effectiveness of perforated liner with bias flow on the control of combustion instability is investigated.Combustion instabilities result from the coupling between acoustic waves and unsteady combustion heat release.Sometimes the phenomenon happens in afterburners of aeroengine and rocket engine,and it always causes damage to flame holders,liner seetions and other engine components.Passive methods,such as perforated liner,are often used to suppress such instabilities in application.In this article,first,a burner testbed is built in order to study the characteristic of this phenomenon.The unstable frequencies and unsta-ble area are investigated experimentally.Then an analytical model,based on"transfer element method",is developed and the numerical results are compared with those from experiments.At last the perforated liner is applied to the burner to suppress the instabilities.The results show that the sound pressure can be greatly reduced by the perforated liner.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50576081)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. R107532)+1 种基金Program for the New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-07-0761)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (No. 200747)
文摘This paper presents an experimental study on the emission characteristics and combustion instabilities of oxy-fuel combustions in a swirl-stabilized combustor. Different oxygen concentrations (Xoxy=25%～45%, where Xoxy is oxygen concentra- tion by volume), equivalence ratios (φ=0.75～1.15) and combustion powers (CP=1.08～2.02 kW) were investigated in the oxy-fuel (CH4/CO2/O2) combustions, and reference cases (Xoxy=25%～35%, CH4/N2/O2 flames) were covered. The results show that the oxygen concentration in the oxidant stream significantly affects the combustion delay in the oxy-fuel flames, and the equivalence ratio has a slight effect, whereas the combustion power shows no impact. The temperature levels of the oxy-fuel flames inside the combustion chamber are much higher (up to 38.7%) than those of the reference cases. Carbon monoxide was vastly produced when Xoxy>35% or φ>0.95 in the oxy-fuel flames, while no nitric oxide was found in the exhaust gases because no N2 participates in the combustion process. The combustion instability of the oxy-fuel combustion is very different from those of the reference cases with similar oxygen content. Oxy-fuel combustions excite strong oscillations in all cases studied Xoxy=25%～45%. However, no pressure fluctuations were detected in the reference cases when Xoxy>28.6% accomplished by heavily sooting flames which were not found in the oxy-fuel combustions. Spectrum analysis shows that the frequency of dynamic pressure oscillations exhibits randomness in the range of 50～250 Hz, therefore resulting in a very small resultant amplitude. Temporal oscillations are very strong with amplitudes larger than 200 Pa, even short time fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis (0.08 s) shows that the pressure amplitude can be larger than 40 Pa.
