Background The Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training(ReCEnT)project is an Australian general practice vocational training programme with integrated and interdependent education and research functions.Trainees(regi...Background The Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training(ReCEnT)project is an Australian general practice vocational training programme with integrated and interdependent education and research functions.Trainees(registrars)contemporaneously document in-consultation clinical experience and actions.Objectives Using a realist lens,we elucidate the mechanisms underpinning project outcomes to answer questions around programme effectiveness,impacts,sustainability and the lessons and findings that are translatable to other primary care training programmes.Methods The context,input,process and product framework was used.As a means to understand the interactions between each of the interdependent components,it allows for inferences regarding causal mechanisms for specific outcomes.Results Context:ReCEnT occurs within an apprenticeship-like model of general practice vocational training entailing a central supervisor/apprentice relationship.ReCEnT has demystified the content and characteristics of registrar consultations.Input:multiple stakeholder involvement is both advantageous and a logistical challenge,with the programme’s success dependent on registrars,practices and training providers providing detailed and accurate data,with prompt subsequent processing.Process:contemporaneous consultation data collection in different stages of training constitutes a component of registrars’programmatic assessment.Product:individualised feedback provides educational benefit through reflection.Clinical and educational research questions can be addressed with resulting research translation feeding back into the programme model and government policy.Clinical behaviour change is also evaluated.Conclusion ReCEnT is unique,globally,in its scope and longevity(2010–present).Creation of meaningful,individualised feedback facilitates reflection and provides both immediate educational benefits and the substrate for further research,programme and policy design and targeted formal teaching and learning.展开更多
To promote sustainability, it has become increasingly vital to properly account material and energy flows in industrial production processes. Therefore, a generic process-level input-output （IO） model was developed ...To promote sustainability, it has become increasingly vital to properly account material and energy flows in industrial production processes. Therefore, a generic process-level input-output （IO） model was developed to provide an integrated energy （material） accounting and analysis approach for industrial production processes. By extending the existing processlevel IO models, the production, usage, export and loss of by-products were explicitly considered in the proposed IO model. Moreover, the by-products allocation procedures were incorporated into the proposed IO model to reflect individual contributions of products to energy consumption. Finally, the proposed model enabled calculating embodied energy of main products and total energy consumption under hierarchical accounting scope. Plant managers, energy management consultants, governmental officials and academic researchers could use this input-output model to account material and energy flows, thus calculating energy consumption indicators of a production process with their specific system boundary requirements. The accounting results could be further used for energy labeling, identifying bottlenecks of production activities, evaluating industrial symbiosis effects, improving materials and energy utilization efficiency, etc. The model could also be used as a planning tool to determine the effect that a particular change of technology and supply chains may have on the industrial production processes. The proposed model was tested and applied in a real integrated steel mill, which also provided the reference results for related researches. At last, some concepts, computational issues and limi- tations of the proposed model were discussed.展开更多
随着大型挖掘机中厚板焊接需求的增长,提升中厚板焊接效率愈发关键。以30 mm厚Q355D低合金钢为对象,采用Ø1.2 mm ER50-6焊丝进行多层多道混合气体保护焊,对比分析了两种不同热输入焊接工艺参数(WP-01和WP-02)对焊接接头组织及力学...随着大型挖掘机中厚板焊接需求的增长,提升中厚板焊接效率愈发关键。以30 mm厚Q355D低合金钢为对象,采用Ø1.2 mm ER50-6焊丝进行多层多道混合气体保护焊,对比分析了两种不同热输入焊接工艺参数(WP-01和WP-02)对焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,两种参数下焊缝成形良好,但组织和性能存在差异。WP-01低热输入条件下,焊缝区组织主要为细小的铁素体和贝氏体,过热区出现少量马氏体,晶粒细小;WP-02高热输入条件下,焊缝区贝氏体含量增加,过热区形成粗大铁素体、珠光体和魏氏组织,晶粒粗化。WP-01和WP-2焊接接头均具有较好的抗拉性能,屈服强度和抗拉强度均满足要求。WP-01试样因晶粒细小,冲击韧性显著高于WP-02。然而,WP-01试样在弯曲试验中焊缝根部出现裂纹,不符合合格标准;WP-02试样则无裂纹出现,满足要求。平均抗拉强度为532.5 MPa,WP-02为530 MPa,屈服强度最低值均为360 MPa,焊接接头抗拉性能满足要求。WP-01焊接接头硬度高于WP-02,主要原因是WP-02热输入更高,冷却速度更慢,淬硬倾向降低。综合考虑各项性能指标,大电流焊接工艺WP-02采用高焊接热输入,在保证焊接接头力学性能的同时,显著提高了焊接效率,更适用于Q355D中厚板焊接工艺。展开更多
The in-process changes of weld nugget growth during the Resistance Spot Welding were investigated based on the resistance of input electrical impedance. To compute the time varying resistance of input electrical imped...The in-process changes of weld nugget growth during the Resistance Spot Welding were investigated based on the resistance of input electrical impedance. To compute the time varying resistance of input electrical impedance, the welding voltage and current signals are measured simultaneously and then converted into complex-valued signals by using Hilbert transform. Comparing with the dynamic contact resistance as reported in literature, it showed that the time varying resistance of input electrical impedance can be accurately correlated with the physical changes of weld nugget growth. Therefore, it can be used to characterize the in-process changes of weld nugget growth. Several new findings were reported based on the investigation of spot welds under no weld, with and without weld expulsion conditions.展开更多
Globally a large number of process-based models have been assessed for quantification of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Modelling approaches minimize the presence of spatial variability of biogeochemical...Globally a large number of process-based models have been assessed for quantification of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Modelling approaches minimize the presence of spatial variability of biogeochemical processes, leading to improved estimates of GHGs as well as identifying mitigation and policy options. The comparative performance of the three dynamic models (e.g., DNDC v9.4, DailyDayCent and ECOSSE v5+) with minimum numbers of common input parameters was evaluated against measured variables. Simulations were performed on conventionally-tilled spring barley crops receiving N fertilizer at 135 - 159 kg·N·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>·yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> and crop residues at 3 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>·yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>. For surface soil nitrate (0 - 10 cm), the ECOSSE and DNDC simulated values showed significant correlations with measured values (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.31 - 0.55, p 0.05). Only the ECOSSE-simulated N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes showed a significant relationship (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.33, p 0.05) with values measured from fertilized fields, but not with unfertilized ones. The DNDC and DailyDayCent models significantly underestimated seasonal/annual N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes compared to ECOSSE, with emission factors (EFs), based on an 8-year average, were 0.09%, 0.31% and 0.52%, respectively. Predictions of ecosystem respiration by both DailyDayCent and DNDC showed reasonable agreement with Eddy Covariance data (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.34 - 0.41, p 0.05). Compared to the measured value (3624 kg·C·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>·yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>), the ECOSSE underestimated annual heterotrophic respiration by 7% but this was smaller than the DNDC (50%) and DailyDayCent (24%) estimates. All models simulated CH<sub>4</sub> uptake we展开更多
Cavity beam position monitor(BPM) is widely used in a precise electron beam position measurement. Based on high performance oscilloscope-embedded EPICS input/output controller,we developed an on-line cavity BPM signal...Cavity beam position monitor(BPM) is widely used in a precise electron beam position measurement. Based on high performance oscilloscope-embedded EPICS input/output controller,we developed an on-line cavity BPM signal processing system for fast data acquisition solution when designing a cavity BPM.Also,methods for extracting the position information from cavity pickup signals and calibration algorithm are included in this solution.展开更多
Input theory as a theoretical foundation in language teaching plays an important role in SLA.Though a wealth of re⁃search has been done by linguists to demonstrate the importance of language input in SLA,little has be...Input theory as a theoretical foundation in language teaching plays an important role in SLA.Though a wealth of re⁃search has been done by linguists to demonstrate the importance of language input in SLA,little has been written about the type and amount of language input for successful SLA,especially its processing model while acquiring a second language.This paper first discusses the Krashen’s input hypothesis in language learning,and then an introduction to Chaudron’s processing model of in⁃put is made.In the final part,the author explains the acquisition process based on word acquisition and grammar acquisition and concludes that in the process of acquiring a second language,the language learners reconstruct a new cognitive model by taking in consistent comprehensible language input.展开更多
针对传统的自回归模型和自回归移动平均模型在齿轮箱早期异常检测中准确性不足的问题,采用有源自回归模型(autoregressive with extra inputs model,ARX)和统计过程控制相结合的方法进行齿轮箱早期异常检测。首先,对原始振动数据进行时...针对传统的自回归模型和自回归移动平均模型在齿轮箱早期异常检测中准确性不足的问题,采用有源自回归模型(autoregressive with extra inputs model,ARX)和统计过程控制相结合的方法进行齿轮箱早期异常检测。首先,对原始振动数据进行时域同步平均降噪处理;然后考虑到负载变化对输出信号的影响,提取信号的包络表征负载变化信息并作为模型的输入结合赤池信息准则(akaike information criterion,AIC)和最小二乘法建立模型;最后分别采用统计过程控制、支持向量数据描述(support vector data description,SVDD)、核主成分分析(kernel principal component analysis,KPCA)对残差数据的均方根值进行处理。结果表明,ARX模型结合指数加权移动平均(exponential weighed moving average,EWMA)控制图在第44个文件发现早期异常,相比于自回归模型、自回归移动平均模型、SVDD和KPCA分别提前11、6个、10和11个文件检测出异常,从而验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,对齿轮箱早期异常检测有重要意义。展开更多
文摘Background The Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training(ReCEnT)project is an Australian general practice vocational training programme with integrated and interdependent education and research functions.Trainees(registrars)contemporaneously document in-consultation clinical experience and actions.Objectives Using a realist lens,we elucidate the mechanisms underpinning project outcomes to answer questions around programme effectiveness,impacts,sustainability and the lessons and findings that are translatable to other primary care training programmes.Methods The context,input,process and product framework was used.As a means to understand the interactions between each of the interdependent components,it allows for inferences regarding causal mechanisms for specific outcomes.Results Context:ReCEnT occurs within an apprenticeship-like model of general practice vocational training entailing a central supervisor/apprentice relationship.ReCEnT has demystified the content and characteristics of registrar consultations.Input:multiple stakeholder involvement is both advantageous and a logistical challenge,with the programme’s success dependent on registrars,practices and training providers providing detailed and accurate data,with prompt subsequent processing.Process:contemporaneous consultation data collection in different stages of training constitutes a component of registrars’programmatic assessment.Product:individualised feedback provides educational benefit through reflection.Clinical and educational research questions can be addressed with resulting research translation feeding back into the programme model and government policy.Clinical behaviour change is also evaluated.Conclusion ReCEnT is unique,globally,in its scope and longevity(2010–present).Creation of meaningful,individualised feedback facilitates reflection and provides both immediate educational benefits and the substrate for further research,programme and policy design and targeted formal teaching and learning.
文摘To promote sustainability, it has become increasingly vital to properly account material and energy flows in industrial production processes. Therefore, a generic process-level input-output （IO） model was developed to provide an integrated energy （material） accounting and analysis approach for industrial production processes. By extending the existing processlevel IO models, the production, usage, export and loss of by-products were explicitly considered in the proposed IO model. Moreover, the by-products allocation procedures were incorporated into the proposed IO model to reflect individual contributions of products to energy consumption. Finally, the proposed model enabled calculating embodied energy of main products and total energy consumption under hierarchical accounting scope. Plant managers, energy management consultants, governmental officials and academic researchers could use this input-output model to account material and energy flows, thus calculating energy consumption indicators of a production process with their specific system boundary requirements. The accounting results could be further used for energy labeling, identifying bottlenecks of production activities, evaluating industrial symbiosis effects, improving materials and energy utilization efficiency, etc. The model could also be used as a planning tool to determine the effect that a particular change of technology and supply chains may have on the industrial production processes. The proposed model was tested and applied in a real integrated steel mill, which also provided the reference results for related researches. At last, some concepts, computational issues and limi- tations of the proposed model were discussed.
文摘The in-process changes of weld nugget growth during the Resistance Spot Welding were investigated based on the resistance of input electrical impedance. To compute the time varying resistance of input electrical impedance, the welding voltage and current signals are measured simultaneously and then converted into complex-valued signals by using Hilbert transform. Comparing with the dynamic contact resistance as reported in literature, it showed that the time varying resistance of input electrical impedance can be accurately correlated with the physical changes of weld nugget growth. Therefore, it can be used to characterize the in-process changes of weld nugget growth. Several new findings were reported based on the investigation of spot welds under no weld, with and without weld expulsion conditions.
文摘Globally a large number of process-based models have been assessed for quantification of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Modelling approaches minimize the presence of spatial variability of biogeochemical processes, leading to improved estimates of GHGs as well as identifying mitigation and policy options. The comparative performance of the three dynamic models (e.g., DNDC v9.4, DailyDayCent and ECOSSE v5+) with minimum numbers of common input parameters was evaluated against measured variables. Simulations were performed on conventionally-tilled spring barley crops receiving N fertilizer at 135 - 159 kg·N·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>·yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> and crop residues at 3 t·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>·yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>. For surface soil nitrate (0 - 10 cm), the ECOSSE and DNDC simulated values showed significant correlations with measured values (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.31 - 0.55, p 0.05). Only the ECOSSE-simulated N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes showed a significant relationship (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.33, p 0.05) with values measured from fertilized fields, but not with unfertilized ones. The DNDC and DailyDayCent models significantly underestimated seasonal/annual N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes compared to ECOSSE, with emission factors (EFs), based on an 8-year average, were 0.09%, 0.31% and 0.52%, respectively. Predictions of ecosystem respiration by both DailyDayCent and DNDC showed reasonable agreement with Eddy Covariance data (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.34 - 0.41, p 0.05). Compared to the measured value (3624 kg·C·ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>·yr<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>), the ECOSSE underestimated annual heterotrophic respiration by 7% but this was smaller than the DNDC (50%) and DailyDayCent (24%) estimates. All models simulated CH<sub>4</sub> uptake we
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.11075198)
文摘Cavity beam position monitor(BPM) is widely used in a precise electron beam position measurement. Based on high performance oscilloscope-embedded EPICS input/output controller,we developed an on-line cavity BPM signal processing system for fast data acquisition solution when designing a cavity BPM.Also,methods for extracting the position information from cavity pickup signals and calibration algorithm are included in this solution.
文摘Input theory as a theoretical foundation in language teaching plays an important role in SLA.Though a wealth of re⁃search has been done by linguists to demonstrate the importance of language input in SLA,little has been written about the type and amount of language input for successful SLA,especially its processing model while acquiring a second language.This paper first discusses the Krashen’s input hypothesis in language learning,and then an introduction to Chaudron’s processing model of in⁃put is made.In the final part,the author explains the acquisition process based on word acquisition and grammar acquisition and concludes that in the process of acquiring a second language,the language learners reconstruct a new cognitive model by taking in consistent comprehensible language input.
文摘针对传统的自回归模型和自回归移动平均模型在齿轮箱早期异常检测中准确性不足的问题,采用有源自回归模型(autoregressive with extra inputs model,ARX)和统计过程控制相结合的方法进行齿轮箱早期异常检测。首先,对原始振动数据进行时域同步平均降噪处理;然后考虑到负载变化对输出信号的影响,提取信号的包络表征负载变化信息并作为模型的输入结合赤池信息准则(akaike information criterion,AIC)和最小二乘法建立模型;最后分别采用统计过程控制、支持向量数据描述(support vector data description,SVDD)、核主成分分析(kernel principal component analysis,KPCA)对残差数据的均方根值进行处理。结果表明,ARX模型结合指数加权移动平均(exponential weighed moving average,EWMA)控制图在第44个文件发现早期异常,相比于自回归模型、自回归移动平均模型、SVDD和KPCA分别提前11、6个、10和11个文件检测出异常,从而验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,对齿轮箱早期异常检测有重要意义。
