Energy has laid material foundation for human society during its development. Meanwhile, any change of price in the energy industry may influence social production and people’s life at all levels via an input-output ...Energy has laid material foundation for human society during its development. Meanwhile, any change of price in the energy industry may influence social production and people’s life at all levels via an input-output mechanism under which the change related to energy is surely transmitted to other industries. The price change thus incurred in all industries may adversely affect the realization of macroeconomic objective-maintaining prices at a stable level. It is, therefore, needed to conduct an empirical research related to the impact of price change in energy industry on that in other industries. According to the data coming from “China’s 2015 Input-Output Extension Table (42 Departments)” and four hypothetical basis, this article focuses on four energy sectors and analyzes how deeply the price change of them, by use of input-output model, affects that of other industrial products under five conditions where each of their price rises by 10% individually or simultaneously, and why such an influence occurs. The results show that the price rising of the energies in question leads to an upward growth in the prices of other industrial products, especially when their prices go up simultaneously. Besides, the price increase in the four energy sectors doesn’t influence other industries in an accumulation form but actually leads to a rollback in some of other industries. It is recommended to adopt diversified pricing strategies for different energy products, thus maximizing the value of each specific energy, and meanwhile achieving the goals of energy consumption reduction and price equilibrium.展开更多
To promote sustainability, it has become increasingly vital to properly account material and energy flows in industrial production processes. Therefore, a generic process-level input-output （IO） model was developed ...To promote sustainability, it has become increasingly vital to properly account material and energy flows in industrial production processes. Therefore, a generic process-level input-output （IO） model was developed to provide an integrated energy （material） accounting and analysis approach for industrial production processes. By extending the existing processlevel IO models, the production, usage, export and loss of by-products were explicitly considered in the proposed IO model. Moreover, the by-products allocation procedures were incorporated into the proposed IO model to reflect individual contributions of products to energy consumption. Finally, the proposed model enabled calculating embodied energy of main products and total energy consumption under hierarchical accounting scope. Plant managers, energy management consultants, governmental officials and academic researchers could use this input-output model to account material and energy flows, thus calculating energy consumption indicators of a production process with their specific system boundary requirements. The accounting results could be further used for energy labeling, identifying bottlenecks of production activities, evaluating industrial symbiosis effects, improving materials and energy utilization efficiency, etc. The model could also be used as a planning tool to determine the effect that a particular change of technology and supply chains may have on the industrial production processes. The proposed model was tested and applied in a real integrated steel mill, which also provided the reference results for related researches. At last, some concepts, computational issues and limi- tations of the proposed model were discussed.展开更多
An environmental input output model (EIOM) was introduced to the regional solid waste management sectors, which can reflect the direct and indirect relations between the environment and the regional economy developme...An environmental input output model (EIOM) was introduced to the regional solid waste management sectors, which can reflect the direct and indirect relations between the environment and the regional economy development. Some details about how to use the EIOM was discussed. The EIOM was applied to the Changsha City in China. The example results indicate that much useful information related to the environment and the regional economy development can be gained from the solution of the EIOM. Thus, the EIOM can be used as a useful tool for the sustainable development planning including the solid waste management sectors.展开更多
Agricultural input and output status in southern Xinjiang,China is introduced,such as lack of agricultural input,low level of agricultural modernization,excessive fertilizer use,serious damage of environment,shortage ...Agricultural input and output status in southern Xinjiang,China is introduced,such as lack of agricultural input,low level of agricultural modernization,excessive fertilizer use,serious damage of environment,shortage of water resources,tremendous pressure on ecological balance,insignificant economic and social benefits of agricultural production in southern Xinjiang,agriculture remaining a weak industry,agricultural economy as the economic subject of southern Xinjiang,and backward economic development of southern Xinjiang.Taking the Aksu area as an example,according to the input and output data in the years 2002-2007,input-output model about regional agriculture of the southern Xinjiang is established by principal component analysis.DPS software is used in the process of solving the model.Then,Eviews software is adopted to revise and test the model in order to analyze and evaluate the economic significance of the results obtained,and to make additional explanations of the relevant model.Since the agricultural economic output is seriously restricted in southern Xinjiang at present,the following countermeasures are put forward,such as adjusting the structure of agricultural land,improving the utilization ratio of land,increasing agricultural input,realizing agricultural modernization,rationally utilizing water resources,maintaining eco-environmental balance,enhancing the awareness of agricultural insurance,minimizing the risk and loss,taking the road of industrialization of characteristic agricultural products,and realizing the transfer of surplus labor force.展开更多
Cable robots are structurally the same as parallel robots but with the basic difference that cables can only pull the platform and cannot push it. This feature makes control of cable robots a lot more challenging comp...Cable robots are structurally the same as parallel robots but with the basic difference that cables can only pull the platform and cannot push it. This feature makes control of cable robots a lot more challenging compared to parallel robots. This paper introduces a controller for cable robots under force constraint. The controller is based on input-output linearization and linear model predictive control. Performance of input-output linearizing (IOL) controllers suffers due to constraints on input and output variables. This problem is successfully tackled by augmenting IOL controllers with linear model predictive controller (LMPC). The effecttiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical simulation.展开更多
This paper develops a feedforward neural network based input output model for a general unknown nonlinear dynamic system identification when only the inputs and outputs are accessible observations. In the developed m...This paper develops a feedforward neural network based input output model for a general unknown nonlinear dynamic system identification when only the inputs and outputs are accessible observations. In the developed model, the size of the input space is directly related to the system order. By monitoring the identification error characteristic curve, we are able to determine the system order and subsequently an appropriate network structure for systems identification. Simulation results are promising and show that generic nonlinear systems can be identified, different cases of the same system can also be discriminated by our model.展开更多
The input-output pollution control model given in [1] is generalized. The generalization makes it easier for the model to handle many problem instances. A linear program is used to solve the new model. An example is g...The input-output pollution control model given in [1] is generalized. The generalization makes it easier for the model to handle many problem instances. A linear program is used to solve the new model. An example is given to show that the new model can handle classes of problems that the original model cannot handle.展开更多
The development of any analytical method should have to experience at least four stages: its initial status, growth, mature and declining. However, although the regional input-output analysis has been widely applied f...The development of any analytical method should have to experience at least four stages: its initial status, growth, mature and declining. However, although the regional input-output analysis has been widely applied for more than forty years, it is still one of the most important approach in regional economic analysis and forecast at present in the world. This is due to the never ended modifications and its great potentials. In this paper, we review the historical development of the regional input-output analysis.展开更多
Special input signals identification method based on the auxiliary model based multi-innovation stochastic gradient algorithm for Hammerstein output-error system was proposed.The special input signals were used to rea...Special input signals identification method based on the auxiliary model based multi-innovation stochastic gradient algorithm for Hammerstein output-error system was proposed.The special input signals were used to realize the identification and separation of the Hammerstein model.As a result,the identification of the dynamic linear part can be separated from the static nonlinear elements without any redundant adjustable parameters.The auxiliary model based multi-innovation stochastic gradient algorithm was applied to identifying the serial link parameters of the Hammerstein model.The auxiliary model based multi-innovation stochastic gradient algorithm can avoid the influence of noise and improve the identification accuracy by changing the innovation length.The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed method.展开更多
Lookup table is widely used in automotive industry for the design of engine control units(ECU).Together with a proportional-integral controller,a feed-forward and feedback control scheme is often adopted for automotiv...Lookup table is widely used in automotive industry for the design of engine control units(ECU).Together with a proportional-integral controller,a feed-forward and feedback control scheme is often adopted for automotive engine management system(EMS).Usually,an ECU has a structure of multi-input and single-output(MISO).Therefore,if there are multiple objectives proposed in EMS,there would be corresponding numbers of ECUs that need to be designed.In this situation,huge efforts and time were spent on calibration.In this work,a multi-input and multi-out(MIMO) approach based on model predictive control(MPC) was presented for the automatic cruise system of automotive engine.The results show that the tracking of engine speed command and the regulation of air/fuel ratio(AFR) can be achieved simultaneously under the new scheme.The mean absolute error(MAE) for engine speed control is 0.037,and the MAE for air fuel ratio is 0.069.展开更多
文摘Energy has laid material foundation for human society during its development. Meanwhile, any change of price in the energy industry may influence social production and people’s life at all levels via an input-output mechanism under which the change related to energy is surely transmitted to other industries. The price change thus incurred in all industries may adversely affect the realization of macroeconomic objective-maintaining prices at a stable level. It is, therefore, needed to conduct an empirical research related to the impact of price change in energy industry on that in other industries. According to the data coming from “China’s 2015 Input-Output Extension Table (42 Departments)” and four hypothetical basis, this article focuses on four energy sectors and analyzes how deeply the price change of them, by use of input-output model, affects that of other industrial products under five conditions where each of their price rises by 10% individually or simultaneously, and why such an influence occurs. The results show that the price rising of the energies in question leads to an upward growth in the prices of other industrial products, especially when their prices go up simultaneously. Besides, the price increase in the four energy sectors doesn’t influence other industries in an accumulation form but actually leads to a rollback in some of other industries. It is recommended to adopt diversified pricing strategies for different energy products, thus maximizing the value of each specific energy, and meanwhile achieving the goals of energy consumption reduction and price equilibrium.
文摘To promote sustainability, it has become increasingly vital to properly account material and energy flows in industrial production processes. Therefore, a generic process-level input-output （IO） model was developed to provide an integrated energy （material） accounting and analysis approach for industrial production processes. By extending the existing processlevel IO models, the production, usage, export and loss of by-products were explicitly considered in the proposed IO model. Moreover, the by-products allocation procedures were incorporated into the proposed IO model to reflect individual contributions of products to energy consumption. Finally, the proposed model enabled calculating embodied energy of main products and total energy consumption under hierarchical accounting scope. Plant managers, energy management consultants, governmental officials and academic researchers could use this input-output model to account material and energy flows, thus calculating energy consumption indicators of a production process with their specific system boundary requirements. The accounting results could be further used for energy labeling, identifying bottlenecks of production activities, evaluating industrial symbiosis effects, improving materials and energy utilization efficiency, etc. The model could also be used as a planning tool to determine the effect that a particular change of technology and supply chains may have on the industrial production processes. The proposed model was tested and applied in a real integrated steel mill, which also provided the reference results for related researches. At last, some concepts, computational issues and limi- tations of the proposed model were discussed.
文摘An environmental input output model (EIOM) was introduced to the regional solid waste management sectors, which can reflect the direct and indirect relations between the environment and the regional economy development. Some details about how to use the EIOM was discussed. The EIOM was applied to the Changsha City in China. The example results indicate that much useful information related to the environment and the regional economy development can be gained from the solution of the EIOM. Thus, the EIOM can be used as a useful tool for the sustainable development planning including the solid waste management sectors.
基金Supported by the Key Research Subject of Economic Census of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(201004)the President Fund for Natural Science Project of Tarim University(TDZKSS09010)+1 种基金the Quality Project of Tarim University(TDZGKC09085)the Quality Project of Tarim University(TDZGTD09004)
文摘Agricultural input and output status in southern Xinjiang,China is introduced,such as lack of agricultural input,low level of agricultural modernization,excessive fertilizer use,serious damage of environment,shortage of water resources,tremendous pressure on ecological balance,insignificant economic and social benefits of agricultural production in southern Xinjiang,agriculture remaining a weak industry,agricultural economy as the economic subject of southern Xinjiang,and backward economic development of southern Xinjiang.Taking the Aksu area as an example,according to the input and output data in the years 2002-2007,input-output model about regional agriculture of the southern Xinjiang is established by principal component analysis.DPS software is used in the process of solving the model.Then,Eviews software is adopted to revise and test the model in order to analyze and evaluate the economic significance of the results obtained,and to make additional explanations of the relevant model.Since the agricultural economic output is seriously restricted in southern Xinjiang at present,the following countermeasures are put forward,such as adjusting the structure of agricultural land,improving the utilization ratio of land,increasing agricultural input,realizing agricultural modernization,rationally utilizing water resources,maintaining eco-environmental balance,enhancing the awareness of agricultural insurance,minimizing the risk and loss,taking the road of industrialization of characteristic agricultural products,and realizing the transfer of surplus labor force.
文摘Cable robots are structurally the same as parallel robots but with the basic difference that cables can only pull the platform and cannot push it. This feature makes control of cable robots a lot more challenging compared to parallel robots. This paper introduces a controller for cable robots under force constraint. The controller is based on input-output linearization and linear model predictive control. Performance of input-output linearizing (IOL) controllers suffers due to constraints on input and output variables. This problem is successfully tackled by augmenting IOL controllers with linear model predictive controller (LMPC). The effecttiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical simulation.
文摘This paper develops a feedforward neural network based input output model for a general unknown nonlinear dynamic system identification when only the inputs and outputs are accessible observations. In the developed model, the size of the input space is directly related to the system order. By monitoring the identification error characteristic curve, we are able to determine the system order and subsequently an appropriate network structure for systems identification. Simulation results are promising and show that generic nonlinear systems can be identified, different cases of the same system can also be discriminated by our model.
文摘The input-output pollution control model given in [1] is generalized. The generalization makes it easier for the model to handle many problem instances. A linear program is used to solve the new model. An example is given to show that the new model can handle classes of problems that the original model cannot handle.
文摘The development of any analytical method should have to experience at least four stages: its initial status, growth, mature and declining. However, although the regional input-output analysis has been widely applied for more than forty years, it is still one of the most important approach in regional economic analysis and forecast at present in the world. This is due to the never ended modifications and its great potentials. In this paper, we review the historical development of the regional input-output analysis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61374044)Shanghai Science Technology Commission,China(Nos.15510722100,16111106300)
文摘Special input signals identification method based on the auxiliary model based multi-innovation stochastic gradient algorithm for Hammerstein output-error system was proposed.The special input signals were used to realize the identification and separation of the Hammerstein model.As a result,the identification of the dynamic linear part can be separated from the static nonlinear elements without any redundant adjustable parameters.The auxiliary model based multi-innovation stochastic gradient algorithm was applied to identifying the serial link parameters of the Hammerstein model.The auxiliary model based multi-innovation stochastic gradient algorithm can avoid the influence of noise and improve the identification accuracy by changing the innovation length.The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed method.
基金Project supported by the Centre for Smart Grid and Information Convergence(CeSGIC)at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University,China
文摘Lookup table is widely used in automotive industry for the design of engine control units(ECU).Together with a proportional-integral controller,a feed-forward and feedback control scheme is often adopted for automotive engine management system(EMS).Usually,an ECU has a structure of multi-input and single-output(MISO).Therefore,if there are multiple objectives proposed in EMS,there would be corresponding numbers of ECUs that need to be designed.In this situation,huge efforts and time were spent on calibration.In this work,a multi-input and multi-out(MIMO) approach based on model predictive control(MPC) was presented for the automatic cruise system of automotive engine.The results show that the tracking of engine speed command and the regulation of air/fuel ratio(AFR) can be achieved simultaneously under the new scheme.The mean absolute error(MAE) for engine speed control is 0.037,and the MAE for air fuel ratio is 0.069.
文摘针对质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC)系统的空气进气子系统,研究其阴极进气流量和阴极压力的非线性解耦及跟踪控制。分析空气进气子系统中,控制变量(空压机角速度、背压阀开度)与输出变量(阴极进气流量、电堆阴极压力)的非线性和强耦合动态特性,建立面向控制的四阶非线性动态模型。基于微分几何输入输出解耦理论,对输入变量和输出变量进行解耦,获得对应的线性化标称模型。利用极点配置方法,分别设计进气流量与阴极压力的PID跟踪控制器。基于STM32微控制器,开发具有自主知识产权的燃料电池控制器(fuel-cell control unit, FCU),并搭建相应的硬件在环(hardware in loop, HiL)验证系统,对所开发的FCU控制器和算法进行性能验证。
