Ink-jetting printing stands out among various conformal additive manufacturing techniques for its multi-material,digital control,and process flexibility.Ink-jetting-based conformal additive manufacturing is renowned f...Ink-jetting printing stands out among various conformal additive manufacturing techniques for its multi-material,digital control,and process flexibility.Ink-jetting-based conformal additive manufacturing is renowned for its adaptability to complex topological surfaces and is emerging as a critical technology for future comprehensive conformal printing systems.This review highlights the distinctiveness of four primary ink-jetting printing techniques in conformal additive manufacturing—piezoelectric jetting,thermal bubble jetting,aerosol jetting,and electrohydrodynamic jetting—and delves into how these attributes endow ink-jetting printing with unique advantages in conformal processes.Furthermore,leveraging these advantages,the review discusses potential applications in conformal electronics,energy devices,biology,and electromagnetics to bolster the ongoing development and application.Considering the current state of this technology,the review identifies critical challenges for future advancements,such as dynamic surface printing,integrated fabrication of multifunctional conformal structures,and the balance between resolution and throughput.This review summarizes the latest research and technological advancements in ink-jetting-based conformal additive manufacturing,aiding in its innovative applications and enhanced manufacturing capabilities in the future.展开更多
In recent years proof of “indoor air quality”, designed to protect and improve the health and safety of workers, was a central strategy in the prevention of many companies. The man creates with the environment in wh...In recent years proof of “indoor air quality”, designed to protect and improve the health and safety of workers, was a central strategy in the prevention of many companies. The man creates with the environment in which he lives and works a continuous gas exchange through breathing;this makes the respiratory system main entrance of air pollutants. The indoor pollutants are numerous and originate from different sources. Their concentration may vary over time and depends on the nature of the source, on ventilation, habits and activities carried out by the occupants in the areas concerned. It is well known that photocopiers and laser printers are equipment that emit several chemicals (ozone, solvents, toner dust) both to release the materials used for their operation (toner, ink, paper) and then to the special printing technology used. During the printing and photocopying processes occurring chemical and physical processes complex, during which the components of toner and paper will react under the influence of light and high temperatures. More recently, there have been a growing number of articles as a result of indoor air pollution. They have become more and more significant;probably because of increasing of the concentrations of harmful substances in the confined environment. Particular attention has been given to the emission of harmful substances from electronic equipment and printing that are increasingly present in living and working place. This work was the main objective the emission of volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and ozone from laser printing devices and consequently the estimation of elimination of same substances through a paper filters which operate through a mechanism of filtration surface with interstitial and penetration of particles into matrix filter on agglomeration, they also enclose type sandwich a layer of activated carbon.展开更多
Classification of 3D bioprinting As we mentioned in the last editorial,3D printing,also known as additive manufacturing,could be considered as the reverse process of potato cutting,automatically assembling sliced pota...Classification of 3D bioprinting As we mentioned in the last editorial,3D printing,also known as additive manufacturing,could be considered as the reverse process of potato cutting,automatically assembling sliced potato,shredded potato,diced potato to integrity[1].Generally speaking,cell-laden 3D bioprinting can be classified into three types:extrusion-based,droplet-based and photocuring-based bioprinting according to different printing principles.Extrusion-based bioprinting squeezes out continuous hydrogel fibers to set up structures;dropletbased bioprinting generates droplets as the basic unit for biofabrication;and photocuring-based bioprinting utilizes the characteristics of light-sensitive materials,to stack 3D models layer-by-layer.Different bioprinting approaches own diverse characteristics facing various scenarios and have specific requirements for bioinks.展开更多
Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics have excellent properties and widely used for high temperature applications. So far, joining techniques have been applied to fabricate large SiC ceramics with complicated shapes. In this...Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics have excellent properties and widely used for high temperature applications. So far, joining techniques have been applied to fabricate large SiC ceramics with complicated shapes. In this work, the additive manufacturing (AM) technique was examined to fabricated SiC ceramics with complicated hollow structures using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) type 3D-printer. To mold the hollow structure for the applications such as heat exchangers, the “support-less” condition must be achieved. Thus, extruded SiC-phenol resin compounds must be cured immediately after molding to keep the molded shapes. To increase the thermal conductivity of the SiC compounds, the combinations of commercial SiC powders with different average diameters were examined for increasing the volume fraction of SiC particles to the phenol resin. SiC compounds with optimized rheological properties for the modified FDM-type 3D-printer were successfully obtained.展开更多
It has long been a dream in the electronics industry to be able to write out electronics directly, as simply as printing a picture onto paper with an offi ce printer. The fi rstever prototype of a liquid-metal printer...It has long been a dream in the electronics industry to be able to write out electronics directly, as simply as printing a picture onto paper with an offi ce printer. The fi rstever prototype of a liquid-metal printer has been invented and demonstrated by our lab, bringing this goal a key step closer. As part of a continuous endeavor, this work is dedicated to significantly extending such technology to the consumer level by making a very practical desktop liquid-metal printer for society in the near future. Through the industrial design and technical optimization of a series of key technical issues such as working reliability, printing resolution, automatic control, human-machine interface design, software, hardware, and integration between software and hardware, a high-quality personal desktop liquid-metal printer that is ready for mass production in industry was fabricated. Its basic features and important technical mechanisms are explained in this paper, along with demonstrations of several possible consumer end-uses for making functional devices such as li ght-emitting diode(LED) displays. This liquid-metal printer is an automatic, easyto-use, and low-cost personal electronics manufacturing tool with many possible applications. This paper discusses important roles that the new machine may play for a group of emerging needs. The prospective future of this cuttingedge technology is outlined, along with a comparative interpretation of several historical printing methods. This desktop liquid-metal printer is expected to become a basic electronics manufacturing tool for a wide variety of emerging practices in the academic realm, in industry, and in education as well as for individual end-users in the near future.展开更多
Currently, 3D printing of the character dolls is a very practical application for the average person. But the model of doll which can be obtained is static so the posture of the doll is single. On the other hand, the ...Currently, 3D printing of the character dolls is a very practical application for the average person. But the model of doll which can be obtained is static so the posture of the doll is single. On the other hand, the modification of the model is very difficult to non-professions. This paper proposes an rapid generation method of character doll with rotatable limbs, which is through adding the sphere joint to the doll＇s model automatically. After the model is segmented by drawing a line interactively, the sphere joint is created based on the segmentation boundary through entity modeling method. Lastly the two models of the doll and the joint are composited and printed. Some doll＇s model are tested on the FDM（Fused Deposition Modeling） 3D printer using this process. The results are more interesting and the efficiency has been greatly improved compared with modifying the model manually.展开更多
Flexible devices produced using organic materials have attracted the attention of many researchers. Important components of these flexible devices include transparent electrodes, which transmit visible light and posse...Flexible devices produced using organic materials have attracted the attention of many researchers. Important components of these flexible devices include transparent electrodes, which transmit visible light and possess conductivity. The present study improved the characteristics of a transparent conductive film that was made of poly(3, 4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesul-fonate) (PEDOT:PSS), an organic conductive material, and that had been prepared using ink-jet printing. To improve the resistance value and visible light transmittance of the film, the film substrate was first cleaned with ultraviolet/ozone treatment, and then the film was annealed after it was deposited on the substrate and dipped into a polar solvent. Consequently, the resistance value of the thin film decreased. However, the surface state of the film changed according to the treatment method and affected its visible light transmittance. Thus, the surface state of the film substrate, the annealing temperature after film deposition, and the dipping treatment with a polar solvent influenced the characteristics of a thin film.展开更多
Recently, a high-performance and low-priced transparent conductive film has been expected to be developed because flexible devices produced using organic materials have been actively studied. An indium tin oxide (ITO)...Recently, a high-performance and low-priced transparent conductive film has been expected to be developed because flexible devices produced using organic materials have been actively studied. An indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film, which has been generally used as a material for a transparent conductive film, has problems, such as fragility to bending stress and depletion of the resource. The present study used poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), an organic electroconductive material, and examined the improvement in the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a transparent conductive film produced using the ink-jet method. In previous studies, we reported that, to improve the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a thin film, it was effective to clean the film substrate with ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O<sub>3</sub>) treatment, anneal the film after it was deposited on the substance, and dip the annealed film into a polar solvent. Focusing on the thin film processing between printing operations, the present study improved resistance value and visible light transmittance by examining both the application methods of a polar solvent and the annealing time between printing operations. As a result, the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a PEDOT:PSS thin film were 390.4 Ω and 86.6%, respectively. This film was obtained by applying a polar solvent and performing annealing for 30 min between printing operations. The printing was performed three times.展开更多
In this paper,the effects of four sorts of silica with the particle size range of 4～10μm on coated paper properties and printing performance were studied.The results showed that the smaller particle size silica can ...In this paper,the effects of four sorts of silica with the particle size range of 4～10μm on coated paper properties and printing performance were studied.The results showed that the smaller particle size silica can provide the coated paper with higher density and contrast, better definition and good printing performance.展开更多
Through discussing the color matching technology and its application in printing industry the conventional approaches commonly used in color matching, and the difficulties in color matching, a nonlinear color matching...Through discussing the color matching technology and its application in printing industry the conventional approaches commonly used in color matching, and the difficulties in color matching, a nonlinear color matching model based on two step learning is established by finding a linear model by learning pure color data first and then a nonlinear modification model by learning mixed color data. Nonlinear multiple regression is used to fit the parameters of the modification model. Nonlinear modification function is discovered by BACON system by learning mixture data. Experiment results indicate that nonlinear color conversion by two step learning can further improve the accuracy when it is used for straightforward conversion from RGB to CMYK. An improved separation model based on GCR concept is proposed to solve the problem of gray balance and it can be used for three to four color conversion as well. The method proposed has better learning ability and faster printing speed than other historical approaches when it is applied to four color ink jet printing.展开更多
The shift towards sustainability in the fashion industry has become an urgent necessity and a national duty, where the life cycle of garments poses a negative impact on the environment, which increases strongly with t...The shift towards sustainability in the fashion industry has become an urgent necessity and a national duty, where the life cycle of garments poses a negative impact on the environment, which increases strongly with the huge increase in the daily consumption of garments and fast fashion. One of the most prominent solutions that have been proposed is to change the manufacturing system in a way that would help reduce costs, reduce supply and provide products that are more closely related to the individual customer need. Accessories such as (closers) are an important part of the fashion industry, and therefore, this study aimed to produce closers using (FDM) technology, which is one of the least expensive and most widespread 3D printing technologies. These closers are then tested in the laboratory according to AATCC standard specifications for garments and closers to ensure the applicability of this technology in the implementation of closers for designers and manufacturers in medium and small facilities. This study relied on the experimental exploratory approach, and the results proved the success of the proposed closers, as the implemented models passed the standard tests with distinction.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52005059 and 52375306)the Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials(Grant No.2024K01)the Graduate Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing,China(Grant No.CYB240011)。
文摘Ink-jetting printing stands out among various conformal additive manufacturing techniques for its multi-material,digital control,and process flexibility.Ink-jetting-based conformal additive manufacturing is renowned for its adaptability to complex topological surfaces and is emerging as a critical technology for future comprehensive conformal printing systems.This review highlights the distinctiveness of four primary ink-jetting printing techniques in conformal additive manufacturing—piezoelectric jetting,thermal bubble jetting,aerosol jetting,and electrohydrodynamic jetting—and delves into how these attributes endow ink-jetting printing with unique advantages in conformal processes.Furthermore,leveraging these advantages,the review discusses potential applications in conformal electronics,energy devices,biology,and electromagnetics to bolster the ongoing development and application.Considering the current state of this technology,the review identifies critical challenges for future advancements,such as dynamic surface printing,integrated fabrication of multifunctional conformal structures,and the balance between resolution and throughput.This review summarizes the latest research and technological advancements in ink-jetting-based conformal additive manufacturing,aiding in its innovative applications and enhanced manufacturing capabilities in the future.
文摘In recent years proof of “indoor air quality”, designed to protect and improve the health and safety of workers, was a central strategy in the prevention of many companies. The man creates with the environment in which he lives and works a continuous gas exchange through breathing;this makes the respiratory system main entrance of air pollutants. The indoor pollutants are numerous and originate from different sources. Their concentration may vary over time and depends on the nature of the source, on ventilation, habits and activities carried out by the occupants in the areas concerned. It is well known that photocopiers and laser printers are equipment that emit several chemicals (ozone, solvents, toner dust) both to release the materials used for their operation (toner, ink, paper) and then to the special printing technology used. During the printing and photocopying processes occurring chemical and physical processes complex, during which the components of toner and paper will react under the influence of light and high temperatures. More recently, there have been a growing number of articles as a result of indoor air pollution. They have become more and more significant;probably because of increasing of the concentrations of harmful substances in the confined environment. Particular attention has been given to the emission of harmful substances from electronic equipment and printing that are increasingly present in living and working place. This work was the main objective the emission of volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and ozone from laser printing devices and consequently the estimation of elimination of same substances through a paper filters which operate through a mechanism of filtration surface with interstitial and penetration of particles into matrix filter on agglomeration, they also enclose type sandwich a layer of activated carbon.
文摘Classification of 3D bioprinting As we mentioned in the last editorial,3D printing,also known as additive manufacturing,could be considered as the reverse process of potato cutting,automatically assembling sliced potato,shredded potato,diced potato to integrity[1].Generally speaking,cell-laden 3D bioprinting can be classified into three types:extrusion-based,droplet-based and photocuring-based bioprinting according to different printing principles.Extrusion-based bioprinting squeezes out continuous hydrogel fibers to set up structures;dropletbased bioprinting generates droplets as the basic unit for biofabrication;and photocuring-based bioprinting utilizes the characteristics of light-sensitive materials,to stack 3D models layer-by-layer.Different bioprinting approaches own diverse characteristics facing various scenarios and have specific requirements for bioinks.
文摘Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics have excellent properties and widely used for high temperature applications. So far, joining techniques have been applied to fabricate large SiC ceramics with complicated shapes. In this work, the additive manufacturing (AM) technique was examined to fabricated SiC ceramics with complicated hollow structures using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) type 3D-printer. To mold the hollow structure for the applications such as heat exchangers, the “support-less” condition must be achieved. Thus, extruded SiC-phenol resin compounds must be cured immediately after molding to keep the molded shapes. To increase the thermal conductivity of the SiC compounds, the combinations of commercial SiC powders with different average diameters were examined for increasing the volume fraction of SiC particles to the phenol resin. SiC compounds with optimized rheological properties for the modified FDM-type 3D-printer were successfully obtained.
基金supported by the Research Funding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGZD-EW-T04-4)
文摘It has long been a dream in the electronics industry to be able to write out electronics directly, as simply as printing a picture onto paper with an offi ce printer. The fi rstever prototype of a liquid-metal printer has been invented and demonstrated by our lab, bringing this goal a key step closer. As part of a continuous endeavor, this work is dedicated to significantly extending such technology to the consumer level by making a very practical desktop liquid-metal printer for society in the near future. Through the industrial design and technical optimization of a series of key technical issues such as working reliability, printing resolution, automatic control, human-machine interface design, software, hardware, and integration between software and hardware, a high-quality personal desktop liquid-metal printer that is ready for mass production in industry was fabricated. Its basic features and important technical mechanisms are explained in this paper, along with demonstrations of several possible consumer end-uses for making functional devices such as li ght-emitting diode(LED) displays. This liquid-metal printer is an automatic, easyto-use, and low-cost personal electronics manufacturing tool with many possible applications. This paper discusses important roles that the new machine may play for a group of emerging needs. The prospective future of this cuttingedge technology is outlined, along with a comparative interpretation of several historical printing methods. This desktop liquid-metal printer is expected to become a basic electronics manufacturing tool for a wide variety of emerging practices in the academic realm, in industry, and in education as well as for individual end-users in the near future.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61305093)Anhui Department of Education Natural Science Research Major Project(No.KJ2013ZD02)
文摘Currently, 3D printing of the character dolls is a very practical application for the average person. But the model of doll which can be obtained is static so the posture of the doll is single. On the other hand, the modification of the model is very difficult to non-professions. This paper proposes an rapid generation method of character doll with rotatable limbs, which is through adding the sphere joint to the doll＇s model automatically. After the model is segmented by drawing a line interactively, the sphere joint is created based on the segmentation boundary through entity modeling method. Lastly the two models of the doll and the joint are composited and printed. Some doll＇s model are tested on the FDM（Fused Deposition Modeling） 3D printer using this process. The results are more interesting and the efficiency has been greatly improved compared with modifying the model manually.
文摘Flexible devices produced using organic materials have attracted the attention of many researchers. Important components of these flexible devices include transparent electrodes, which transmit visible light and possess conductivity. The present study improved the characteristics of a transparent conductive film that was made of poly(3, 4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesul-fonate) (PEDOT:PSS), an organic conductive material, and that had been prepared using ink-jet printing. To improve the resistance value and visible light transmittance of the film, the film substrate was first cleaned with ultraviolet/ozone treatment, and then the film was annealed after it was deposited on the substrate and dipped into a polar solvent. Consequently, the resistance value of the thin film decreased. However, the surface state of the film changed according to the treatment method and affected its visible light transmittance. Thus, the surface state of the film substrate, the annealing temperature after film deposition, and the dipping treatment with a polar solvent influenced the characteristics of a thin film.
文摘Recently, a high-performance and low-priced transparent conductive film has been expected to be developed because flexible devices produced using organic materials have been actively studied. An indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film, which has been generally used as a material for a transparent conductive film, has problems, such as fragility to bending stress and depletion of the resource. The present study used poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), an organic electroconductive material, and examined the improvement in the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a transparent conductive film produced using the ink-jet method. In previous studies, we reported that, to improve the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a thin film, it was effective to clean the film substrate with ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O<sub>3</sub>) treatment, anneal the film after it was deposited on the substance, and dip the annealed film into a polar solvent. Focusing on the thin film processing between printing operations, the present study improved resistance value and visible light transmittance by examining both the application methods of a polar solvent and the annealing time between printing operations. As a result, the resistance value and visible light transmittance of a PEDOT:PSS thin film were 390.4 Ω and 86.6%, respectively. This film was obtained by applying a polar solvent and performing annealing for 30 min between printing operations. The printing was performed three times.
文摘In this paper,the effects of four sorts of silica with the particle size range of 4～10μm on coated paper properties and printing performance were studied.The results showed that the smaller particle size silica can provide the coated paper with higher density and contrast, better definition and good printing performance.
文摘Through discussing the color matching technology and its application in printing industry the conventional approaches commonly used in color matching, and the difficulties in color matching, a nonlinear color matching model based on two step learning is established by finding a linear model by learning pure color data first and then a nonlinear modification model by learning mixed color data. Nonlinear multiple regression is used to fit the parameters of the modification model. Nonlinear modification function is discovered by BACON system by learning mixture data. Experiment results indicate that nonlinear color conversion by two step learning can further improve the accuracy when it is used for straightforward conversion from RGB to CMYK. An improved separation model based on GCR concept is proposed to solve the problem of gray balance and it can be used for three to four color conversion as well. The method proposed has better learning ability and faster printing speed than other historical approaches when it is applied to four color ink jet printing.
文摘The shift towards sustainability in the fashion industry has become an urgent necessity and a national duty, where the life cycle of garments poses a negative impact on the environment, which increases strongly with the huge increase in the daily consumption of garments and fast fashion. One of the most prominent solutions that have been proposed is to change the manufacturing system in a way that would help reduce costs, reduce supply and provide products that are more closely related to the individual customer need. Accessories such as (closers) are an important part of the fashion industry, and therefore, this study aimed to produce closers using (FDM) technology, which is one of the least expensive and most widespread 3D printing technologies. These closers are then tested in the laboratory according to AATCC standard specifications for garments and closers to ensure the applicability of this technology in the implementation of closers for designers and manufacturers in medium and small facilities. This study relied on the experimental exploratory approach, and the results proved the success of the proposed closers, as the implemented models passed the standard tests with distinction.
