In this study,injectable bone graft putty samples were developed using fine and coarse melt-quenched 45S5 bioactive glass(BG)incorporated into a carrier system composed of glycerol and polyethylene glycol(PEG)with dif...In this study,injectable bone graft putty samples were developed using fine and coarse melt-quenched 45S5 bioactive glass(BG)incorporated into a carrier system composed of glycerol and polyethylene glycol(PEG)with different average molecular weights.Selected putty samples were further incorporated with varying amounts of Denosumab(5wt%-10wt%)to investigate its influence on rhe-ological behavior and flow properties using mathematical modeling.All PEG/glycerol/45S5-based putty samples exhibited viscoelastic behavior(storage modulus>loss modulus)and pseudoplastic behavior(n<1),with viscosity values required for optimal flow remaining below 1000 Pa∙s.Both viscosity and thixotropic area increased proportionally with higher BG content and smaller-sized BG particles.All putty samples showed more than 98%injectability through a 12G cannula,suggesting potential clinical suitability.However,injectability decreased with smaller cannulas,dropping to 34.7%-58.3%with a 19G cannula and further decreasing with a 23G cannula at higher BG contents.Incorporation of Denosumab preserved viscoelasticity and injectability but modified the flow behavior,shifting it from pseudo-plastic to more Newtonian with higher Denosumab content,while also reducing viscosity and thixotropic area values.Among all tested samples,putty containing a lower amount of Denosumab and smaller-sized BG exhibited the most suitable combination of injectability and rheological features.All putty samples were well described by both the Power law and Herschel-Bulkley rheological models(coeffi-cient of determination>0.95).This study highlights the influence of Denosumab on flowability and rheological relationships and sug-gests potential improvements in bioactivity through a dual synergistic effect of BG and Denosumab in minimally invasive bone graft sys-tems.展开更多
Oral ulcers may greatly diminish patient life quality and potentially result in malignant transformations.Using gels or films as pseudomembrane barriers is an effective method for promoting ulcer healing.However,these...Oral ulcers may greatly diminish patient life quality and potentially result in malignant transformations.Using gels or films as pseudomembrane barriers is an effective method for promoting ulcer healing.However,these pseudomembranes face challenges such as saliva flushing,dynamic changes,and the presence of abundant microorganisms in the complex oral environment.Herein,we developed an injectable,photoinduction,in situ-enhanceable oral ulcer repair hydrogel(named as GIL2)by incorporating dynamic phenylboronic acid ester bonds and imidazole ions into a methacrylated gelatin matrix.GIL2 exhibited rapid gelation(3 s),low swelling properties(1.07 g/g),robust tensile strength(56.83 kPa)and high adhesive strength(63.38 kPa),allowing it to adhere effectively to the ulcer surface.Moreover,the GIL2 demonstrated intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant qualities.Within a diabetic rat model for oral ulcers,GIL2 effectively eased oxidative stress and decreased the inflammation present in ulcerated wounds,thereby greatly hastening the healing process of these ulcers.Together,GIL2 hydrogel demonstrates remarkable adaptability within the oral milieu,revitalizing clinical strategy advancements for treating bacterialinfected oral ulcers.展开更多
BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different tre...BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different treatment options.AIM To analyze the clinical effect and prognosis of mixed hemorrhoids treated with polidocanol injection combined with automatic elastic thread ligation operation(RPH).METHODS A total of 100 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who visited our hospital from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=50)and the treatment group(n=50)by rolling the dice.The procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)was adopted in the control group,while polidocanol foam injection+RPH was adopted in the treatment group.The therapeutic effects,operation time,wound healing time,hospital stay,pain situation(24 hours post-operative pain score,first defecation pain score),quality of life(QOL),incidence of complications(post-operative hemorrhage,edema,infection),incidence of anal stenosis 3 months post-operatively and recurrence rate 1 year post-operatively of the two groups were compared.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the total effective rate of treatment group was higher,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The operation time/wound healing time/hospital stay in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain scores at 24 hours after operation/first defecation pain score of the treatment group was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After surgery,the QOL scores of the two groups decreased,with the treatment group having higher scores than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the incidence of postoperative complications in the treatment group was lower,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding between the two groups(P>0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal stenosis 3 months after operation and the recurrence rate 1 year after operation between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with mixed hemorrhoids,the therapeutic effect achieved by using polidocanol injection combined with RPH was better.The wounds of the patients healed faster,the postoperative pain was milder,QOL improved,and the incidence of complications was lower,and the short-term and long-term prognosis was good.展开更多
In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-b...In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the coolant.To clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen University.To obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle diameter.Through detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE experiment.Similarly,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure build-up.For the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt pool.However,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam cavity.Regardless of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resol...BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resolve,several treatment options have been suggested for this condition.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a case of corticosteroid injection induced lipoatrophy treated with autologous whole blood(AWB)injection,as the condition had been unresponsive to fractional laser therapy.A 29-year-old female patient visited the dermatology clinic complaining of skin depression on her right buttock area,which had appeared six months earlier.There had been only subtle improvement at the margins after fractional CO_(2) laser treatment;therefore,after obtaining informed consent from the patient,AWB treatment was initiated.One month after the first AWB injection,the size and depth of the lesion had noticeably improved,and a slight improvement was also observed in discoloration.CONCLUSION Close observation is the initial treatment of choice for steroid induced skin atrophy;however,for patients in need of immediate cosmetic improvement,AWB injection may be a safe and cost-effective alternative.展开更多
Owing to the low p-type doping efficiency in the hole injection layers(HILs)of GaN-based ultra-violet(UV)vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL),effective hole injection in multi-quantum wells(MQW)is not achieve...Owing to the low p-type doping efficiency in the hole injection layers(HILs)of GaN-based ultra-violet(UV)vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL),effective hole injection in multi-quantum wells(MQW)is not achieved,significantly limiting the photoelectric performance of UV VCSELs.We developed a slope-shaped HIL and an EBL structure in AlGaN-based UV VCSELs.In this study,by improving hole in-jection efficiency,the hole concentration in the HIL is increased,and the hole barrier at the electron barrier layer(EBL)/HIL interface is decreased.This minimises the hindering effect of hole injection.A mathematic-al model of this structure was established using a commercial software,photonic integrated circuit simulator in three-dimension(PICS3D).We conducted simulations and theoretical analyses of the band structure and carrier concentration.Introducing polarisation doping through the Al composition gradient in the HIL en-hanced the hole concentration,thereby improving the hole injection efficiency.Furthermore,modifying the EBL eliminated the abrupt potential barrier for holes at the HIL/EBL interface,smoothing the valence band.This improved the stimulated radiative recombination rate in the MQW,increasing the laser power.There-fore,the sloped p-type layer can enhance the optoelectronic performance of UV VCSELs.展开更多
Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG h...Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG high pressure direct injection(HPDI)engine are examined.Four typical split injection strategies,namely split pre-injection of pilot diesel(PD)and NG,split post-injection of PD and NG,split pre-injection of NG,and split post-injection of PD,were developed to investigate the influences on combustion and emissions.Results revealed that split pre injection of NG enhanced the atomization of PD,whereas the split post-injection of NG lowered the temperature in the core region of the PD spray,resulting in the deterioration of combustion.The effect of the split injection strategy on indicated thermal efficiency exceeded 7.5%.Split pre-injection was favorable to enhancing thermal efficiency,whereas split post-injection was not.Ignition delay,combustion duration,and premixed combustion time proportion were affected by injection strategies by 3.8%,50%,and 19.7%,respectively.Split pre-injection increased CH_(4) emission in the exhaust.Split post-injection,especially split post-injection of PD and NG,reduced the unburned CH_(4) emission by approximately 30%.When the split post-injection ratio was less than 30%,the trade-off between NO_(X) and soot was interrupted.The distribution range of hydroxyl radicals was expanded by pre-injection,and NO_(X) was generated in the region where the NG jet hit the wall.This paper provides valuable insights into the optimization of HPDI injection parameters.展开更多
With the increasing use of web applications,challenges in the field of cybersecurity are becoming more complex.This paper explores the application of fine-tuned large language models(LLMs)for the automatic generation ...With the increasing use of web applications,challenges in the field of cybersecurity are becoming more complex.This paper explores the application of fine-tuned large language models(LLMs)for the automatic generation of synthetic attacks,including XSS(Cross-Site Scripting),SQL Injections,and Command Injections.A web application has been developed that allows penetration testers to quickly generate high-quality payloads without the need for in-depth knowledge of artificial intelligence.The fine-tuned language model demonstrates the capability to produce synthetic payloads that closely resemble real-world attacks.This approach not only improves the model’s precision and dependability but also serves as a practical resource for cybersecurity professionals to enhance the security of web applications.The methodology and structured implementation underscore the importance and potential of advanced language models in cybersecurity,illustrating their effectiveness in generating high-quality synthetic data for penetration testing purposes.The research results demonstrate that this approach enables the identification of vulnerabilities that traditional methods may not uncover,providing deeper insights into potential threats and enhancing overall security measures.The performance evaluation of the model indicated satisfactory results,while further hyperparameter optimization could improve accuracy and generalization capabilities.This research represents a significant step forward in improving web application security and opens new opportunities for the use of LLMs in security testing,thereby contributing to the development of more effective cybersecurity strategies.展开更多
Stripping injection overcomes the limitations of Liouville's theorem and is widely used for beam injection and accumulation in high-intensity synchrotrons.The interaction between the stripping foil and beam is cru...Stripping injection overcomes the limitations of Liouville's theorem and is widely used for beam injection and accumulation in high-intensity synchrotrons.The interaction between the stripping foil and beam is crucial in the study of stripping injection,particularly in low-energy stripping injection synchrotrons,such as the XiPAF synchrotron.The foil thickness is the main parameter that affects the properties of the beam after injection.The thin stripping foil is reinforced with collodion during its installation.However,the collodion on the foil surface makes it difficult to determine its equivalent thickness,because the mechanical measurements are not sufficiently reliable or convenient for continuously determining foil thickness.We propose an online stripping foil thickness measurement method based on the ionization energy loss effect,which is suitable for any foil thickness and does not require additional equipment.Experimental studies were conducted using the XiPAF synchrotron.The limitation of this method was examined,and the results were verified by comparing the experimentally obtained beam current accumulation curves with the simulation results.This confirms the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method for measuring the stripping foil thickness.展开更多
One of the most important of these emissions is fine particulate matter,which is a harmful emission of diesel engines,leading to the imposition of strict regulations.Biodiesel,with its high oxygen content,is an effect...One of the most important of these emissions is fine particulate matter,which is a harmful emission of diesel engines,leading to the imposition of strict regulations.Biodiesel,with its high oxygen content,is an effective alternative to significantly reduce these emissions.In this study,rapeseed methyl ester(RME)was used as a diesel engine fuel and the emitted particulate matter was comparedwith ultra-lowsulfur diesel(ULSD).Inmost experimental studies,the emission of soot wasmeasured.In this work,the effects of injection timing,injection pressure(IP),and engine load on fine particulate matter in both nucleation and accumulation modes were studied.The results show that IP increases the number of particles in the accumulation mode while the number of particles in the crystallization mode is higher for rapeseed methyl ester(RME)than for ultra-low sulfur diesel(ULSD).Conversely,the formation rates of particles in the accumulationmode are higher for ULSD.Cumulative concentration numbers(CCN)are generally higher for RME in crystallization mode but higher for ULSD in accumulation mode.Increasing the IP reduces the CCN values.The particle size in crystallizationmode reaches a maximum of 22 nm at IPs of 800 and 1000 bar but decreases to 15 nm at 1200 bar.Most fine particles fall in the 5–100 nm diameter range.High engine loads reduce the particle size distribution in nucleationmode for both fuels,with a slight increase in particle size in nucleationmode.Thestudy concluded that the use of rapeseed methyl ester as an engine fuel benefits the environment and improves air quality due to the significant reduction in the size,number,and concentration of nano-soot particles and total particles emitted from the engine.展开更多
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis(OA)imposes a substantial burden through pain,functional limitation,and progressive cartilage loss.Bone marrow aspirate concentrate(BMAC)has emerged as a promising regenerative therapy fo...BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis(OA)imposes a substantial burden through pain,functional limitation,and progressive cartilage loss.Bone marrow aspirate concentrate(BMAC)has emerged as a promising regenerative therapy for OA due to its rich composition of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)and bioactive factors.While intra-articular BMAC injections provide short-term symptomatic relief,recent literature suggests that targeting the subchondral bone—an area crucial to OA progression—may offer superior and longer-lasting clinical benefits.AIM To compares the outcomes of subchondral vs intra-articular BMAC injections in patients with primary knee OA.METHODS In this unicentric,double-blinded,randomized controlled trial,30 patients with radiologically confirmed primary knee OA(Kellgren-Lawrence grades II and III)will be equally randomized to receive either subchondral(Group A)or intra-articular(Group B)BMAC injections.BMAC will be harvested from the posterior iliac crest,processed using a standardized centrifugation protocol to yield a product with>85%cell viability,and administered under image guidance.The primary outcome is the change in pain intensity at 12 months as measured by the Visual Analog Scale(VAS).Secondary outcomes include functional improvement assessed by Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS),International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index(WOMAC)scores,structural changes evaluated through advanced magnetic resonance imaging using(MRI)the whole-organ MRI Score,and safety as determined by the incidence of adverse events.RESULTS This study aims to evaluate pain reduction at 12 months post-injection,using the VAS as the primary outcome.Secondary outcomes include functional improvement(KOOS,WOMAC,IKDC),cartilage regeneration(T2 cartigram),adverse event incidence,patient satisfaction(standardized questionnaires,Likert scale),and quality of life(EQ-5D).Ethical considerations follow the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice,with institutional review board approval and participant informed consent ensured.Confidentiality and data security comply with regulations,and a data safety monitoring board oversees trial safety.Results will be shared via peer-reviewed journals,presentations at international orthopedic conferences,and detailed summaries for stakeholders and participants.The trial is registered under clinical trial registry of India/2024/04/065284.Findings emphasize patient-centered advancements in knee osteoarthritis management.CONCLUSION This trial aims to refine regenerative strategies for knee OA by comparing subchondral vs intra-articular BMAC injections,addressing long-term efficacy,safety,and treatment standardization to guide targeted interventions.This trial will provide critical insights into the comparative efficacy and safety of subchondral vs intra-articular BMAC injections in treating primary knee OA.展开更多
BACKGROUND Managing refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss(RSSHL)in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)presents significant therapeutic challenges,highlighting the importance of identifying effective treatment s...BACKGROUND Managing refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss(RSSHL)in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)presents significant therapeutic challenges,highlighting the importance of identifying effective treatment strategies.AIM To analyze the therapeutic effectiveness of intratympanic injection plus retroauricular injection for RSSHL complicated with DM.METHODS This study included 84 patients with RSSHL complicated with DM from April 2021 to April 2024,all receiving routine treatment.Participants were categorized into the control group(40 cases),receiving an intratympanic injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate(MPSS),and the research group(44 cases),treated with retroauricular MPSS injection the next day in addition to the treatment administered in the control group.The efficacy,adverse reactions(tympanic membrane perforation,middle ear infections,burning sensation,vertigo,and tinnitus),blood glucose(BG)[fasting BG(FBG),2-hour postprandial BG(2hPBG),and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)],hearing thresholds at different frequencies(250 Hz,500 Hz,and 1000 Hz),serum biochemical indexes[interleukin(IL)-6,C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT)],and quality of life assessed by the short-form 36 item health survey(SF-36)were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS The research group demonstrated a markedly higher total effectiveness rate(81.82%vs 60.00%,P=0.027)and a comparable incidence of total adverse reactions than the control group.Further,the research group exhibited notably reduced FBG,2hPBG,HbA1c,IL-6,CRP,and PCT post-treatment(P<0.01),which were lower compared with the pre-treatment levels and the control group(P<0.05),as well as reduced hearing thresholds at different frequencies(250 Hz,500 Hz,and 1000 Hz,P<0.05).Furthermore,the post-treatment SF-36 scores of the research group in terms of energy,social functioning,role functioning,physical functioning,mental health,and overall health were all significantly improved than the pre-treatment levels and the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The above results indicate that intratympanic plus retroauricular injections of MPSS are effective in treating RSSHL complicated with DM without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions,which has a health promotion value.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the impact of administration routes in establishing the Adriamycin(ADR)-induced chronic kidney disease(CKD)model.Using BALB/c mice,we compared the effects of conventional tail-vein inje...This study aimed to investigate the impact of administration routes in establishing the Adriamycin(ADR)-induced chronic kidney disease(CKD)model.Using BALB/c mice,we compared the effects of conventional tail-vein injection(TV10,10 mg/kg)to those of retro-orbital sinus(orbital vein)injection(OV10,10 mg/kg;OV8,8 mg/kg).The re-sults indicated that the OV10 group exhibited CKD pathology similar to the TV10 group,with both groups demonstrating significantly higher urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(p<0.05),tubular injury(p<0.05),and degree of renal fibrosis(p<0.05)than the OV8 group.No significant differences were observed between the OV10 and TV10 groups in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,tubular injury,and degree of renal fibrosis.These findings demonstrated that retro-orbital administration of 10 mg/kg ADR in-duces comparable effects to conventional tail-vein administration.This technique's technical simplicity may improve experimental efficiency,reproducibility,and animal welfare in CKD research.In conclusion,this study validates the utility of retro-orbital injection in CKD model establishment,demonstrating its potential to standardize and improve the reliability of future CKD research protocols.展开更多
Wen-lin Gong1,Chuang Sha2,Gang Du1,Zhong-gui Shan3,Zhong-quan Qi3,Su-fang Zhou1,Nuo Yang1,4,Yong-xiang Zhao1,4.First published:21 June 2017;10(5):454-460.DOI:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.05.004 The authors would like to corre...Wen-lin Gong1,Chuang Sha2,Gang Du1,Zhong-gui Shan3,Zhong-quan Qi3,Su-fang Zhou1,Nuo Yang1,4,Yong-xiang Zhao1,4.First published:21 June 2017;10(5):454-460.DOI:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.05.004 The authors would like to correct an error in Figure 3 in which the flow cytometric scattergram of CD4/CD44 for the control group was erroneously used for the scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group.The correct scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group is provided below.The error does not affect the conclusion of the study.The authors apologize for the error and the inconvenience it might have caused to readers.展开更多
The long-term stability of CO_(2) storage represents a pivotal challenge in geological CO_(2) storage(CGS),particularly within deep saline aquifers characterized by complex fault-block systems.While the injection site...The long-term stability of CO_(2) storage represents a pivotal challenge in geological CO_(2) storage(CGS),particularly within deep saline aquifers characterized by complex fault-block systems.While the injection sites and rate under different fault structures will directly affect the CO_(2) storage effect and the risk of leakage.This study investigates the Gaoyou Sag in the Subei Basin,a representative fault-block reservoir,through an integrated numerical-experimental approach.A three-dimensional simulation model incorporating multiphase flow dynamics was developed to characterize subsurface CO_(2) transport and dissolution processes.A novel fault seal capacity evaluation framework was proposed,integrating three critical geological indices(fault throw/reservoir thickness/caprock thicknesses)with the coupling of formation physical properties,temperature,and pressure for the rational selection of injection sites and rates.The results show that Optimal storage performance is observed when the fault throw is lower than the reservoir and caprock thicknesses.Furthermore,higher temperature and pressure promote the dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2),while compared to the structural form of faults,the physical properties of faults have a more significant effect on CO_(2) leakage.The larger reservoir space and the presence of an interlayer reduce the risk of CO_(2) leakage,and augmenting storage potential.Decreasing the injection rate increases the proportion of dissolved CO_(2),thereby enhancing the safety of CO_(2) storage.展开更多
BACKGROUND The accuracy of blind intra-articular injections in the shoulder is rather low.Inaccurate injections tend to lead to poorer treatment outcomes.The“Delaware posterior bone touch technique”has shown higher ...BACKGROUND The accuracy of blind intra-articular injections in the shoulder is rather low.Inaccurate injections tend to lead to poorer treatment outcomes.The“Delaware posterior bone touch technique”has shown higher accuracy in young,slender,healthy volunteers than the classical“Cyriax technique”.AIM To investigate whether the Delaware technique would also be more accurate in older patients with capsulitis.METHODS We analyzed the files of 100 consecutive patients with capsulitis who were treated with an intra-articular injection containing a mixture of triamcinolone,lidocaine,and air.After the injection,the shoulder was moved to determine whether a squishing sound could be produced.The squishing sound was interpreted as an accurate injection.The scores with the new Delaware technique were compared against those with the Cyriax technique in a previous study.RESULTS Squishing was heard after 87%of the injections.This was 13%(10%points)more than the 77%in the previous study(P=0.004).CONCLUSION The Delaware technique was significantly more accurate than the Cyriax technique also in middle aged patients with capsulitis.We hypothesize that the difference is caused by a lower risk that a part of the opening of the needle is still outside the capsule.展开更多
The kerosene-fueled Scramjet with multi-cavity combustor has the potential to serve aspropulsion system for hypersonic flight.However,the impact of injection positions on combustionperformance and mechanism at high Ma...The kerosene-fueled Scramjet with multi-cavity combustor has the potential to serve aspropulsion system for hypersonic flight.However,the impact of injection positions on combustionperformance and mechanism at high Mach numbers remains uncertain.Therefore,a comparativestudy was conducted using numerical methods to explore multi-cavity Scramjet combustor perfor-mance at a flight Mach number 7.0 with different injection positions.The combustor is equippedwith 6 cavities arranged in three groups along the flow direction,each consisting of two cavities per-pendicular to the flow.It is shown that the injection location significantly influences combustionperformance:Front-injection yields higher combustion efficiency than post-injection,but post-injection is advantageous for the intake start.Additionally,regardless of injection positions,themainstream flow state near the cavities behind the injection can be categorized as supersonic flow,supersonic-subsonic coexistence flow,and subsonic flow.The optimal length from the downstreamto the trailing edge of the cavities behind the injection for achieving maximum combustion effi-ciency is determined.Further extension beyond this optimal length does not significantly increasethe combustion efficiency.In addition,the optimal length varies with different injection positions-specifically,it is about 60%longer with post-injection conditions than with front-injection con-ditions in this investigation.Moreover,significant secondary combustion within the cavities leadingto improved efficiency only occurs when mainstream flow state is either supersonic flow orsupersonic-subsonic coexistence flow.Also,with a well-optimized design,the kerosene-fueledmulti-cavity Scramjet can achieve enhanced combustion efficiency,which shows relatively smallvariation across a wide range of equivalence ratios.This might be caused by the effects of interac-tion among these multiple cavities.Therefore,these research findings can provide valuable insightsfor designing and optimizing the kerosene-fueled multi-cavity combustor in Scramjet at high Machnumbers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intra-articular hip injections(IAHIs)are commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but are often associated with patient anxiety and fear.The disparity between anticipated and experienced pain d...BACKGROUND Intra-articular hip injections(IAHIs)are commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but are often associated with patient anxiety and fear.The disparity between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the role of preinjection local anesthesia in pain modulation remains unclear.AIM To investigate the difference between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the impact of pre-injection local anesthesia.METHODS This prospective study enrolled 60 patients undergoing IAHI,30 receiving pre-injection superficial local anesthesia and 30 serving as a control group without pre-injection local anesthesia.Pain levels were assessed using numeric rating scales.RESULTS Patients significantly overestimated anticipated pain compared to experienced pain(6.43±2.48 vs 3.68±2.37,P<0.001).Pre-injection local anesthesia did not significantly reduce experienced pain(3.19±2.38 vs 4.20±2.29,P=0.130).CONCLUSION Patients overestimate anticipated pain during IAHIs.Pre-injection local anesthesia does not reduce experienced pain.展开更多
Fuel injection properties,including the injection rate(temporal aspects)and spray behavior(spatial aspects),play a crucial role in the combustion efficiency and emissions of diesel engines.This study investigates the ...Fuel injection properties,including the injection rate(temporal aspects)and spray behavior(spatial aspects),play a crucial role in the combustion efficiency and emissions of diesel engines.This study investigates the effects of different ethanol-biodiesel-diesel(EBD)blends on the injection performance in diesel engines.Experimental tests are conducted to examine key injection parameters,such as spray penetration distance,spray cone angle,and droplet size,alongside an analysis of coupling leakage.The main findings are as follows:(1)The injection behavior of ethanol and diesel differs significantly.The addition of ethanol reduces the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the fuel mixture.While the injection advance angle,penetration distance,and Sauter mean diameter show minimal changes,the spray cone angle and coupling leakage increase notably.These alterations may disrupt the“fuelair-chamber”matching characteristics of the original engine,potentially affecting performance.(2)In contrast,the injection performance of biodiesel ismore similar to that of diesel.As biodiesel content increases,the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the blended fuel also grow.Though changes in injection timing,penetration distance,and spray cone angle remain minimal,the Sauter mean diameter experiences a slight increase.The“air-fuel chamber”compatibility of the original engine is largely unaffected,though fuel atomization slightly deteriorates.Blending up to 20%biodiesel and 30%ethanol with diesel effectively compensates for the shortcomings of using single fuels,maintaining favorable injection dynamics while enhancing lubrication and sealing performance of engine components.展开更多
Aluminum-water(Al-H_(2)O)propellants represent an innovative class of solid propellants characterized by low cost and minimal signal signature.However,conventional formulations are hindered by significant aluminum(Al)...Aluminum-water(Al-H_(2)O)propellants represent an innovative class of solid propellants characterized by low cost and minimal signal signature.However,conventional formulations are hindered by significant aluminum(Al)agglomeration,leading to reduced combustion efficiency and substantial residues.This study introduces a method for modifying Al powder with Polyvinylidene Fluoride(PVDF)to enhance the performance of Al-H_(2)O propellants by mitigating agglomeration during combustion.Experimental methodologies,including thermogravimetric analysis under ambient-pressure nitrogen atmosphere and laser ignition tests,were employed to investigate the influence of varying PVDF content on the combustion characteristics of the propellants.Furthermore,the effect of PVDF on motor performance was systematically evaluated through laboratoryscale Solid Rocket Motor(SRM)tests.The results demonstrate that the addition of 7.5%PVDF significantly enhances the burning rate from 1.12 mm/s to 3.78 mm/s and reduces the mean particle size of condensed combustion products from 699μm to 527μm.Combustion efficiency rises from88.57%to 94.51%,while injection efficiency improves significantly from 30.45%to 70.45%.SRM tests further demonstrate an increase in combustion chamber pressure from 0.17 MPa to 0.58 MPa.A dynamic agglomeration model explains these improvements,attributing reduced agglomeration to enhanced aerodynamic forces and a thinner melting layer,while increased gas yield improves injection performance.This study highlights PVDF's potential in advancing Al-H_(2)O propellants by improving combustion and injection efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by Yildiz Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under project number FBA-2023-5377support from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TUBITAK)under the BIDEB/2211-A National PhD Scholarship Program and 2250-Performance-Based Scholarships Program for PhD.
文摘In this study,injectable bone graft putty samples were developed using fine and coarse melt-quenched 45S5 bioactive glass(BG)incorporated into a carrier system composed of glycerol and polyethylene glycol(PEG)with different average molecular weights.Selected putty samples were further incorporated with varying amounts of Denosumab(5wt%-10wt%)to investigate its influence on rhe-ological behavior and flow properties using mathematical modeling.All PEG/glycerol/45S5-based putty samples exhibited viscoelastic behavior(storage modulus>loss modulus)and pseudoplastic behavior(n<1),with viscosity values required for optimal flow remaining below 1000 Pa∙s.Both viscosity and thixotropic area increased proportionally with higher BG content and smaller-sized BG particles.All putty samples showed more than 98%injectability through a 12G cannula,suggesting potential clinical suitability.However,injectability decreased with smaller cannulas,dropping to 34.7%-58.3%with a 19G cannula and further decreasing with a 23G cannula at higher BG contents.Incorporation of Denosumab preserved viscoelasticity and injectability but modified the flow behavior,shifting it from pseudo-plastic to more Newtonian with higher Denosumab content,while also reducing viscosity and thixotropic area values.Among all tested samples,putty containing a lower amount of Denosumab and smaller-sized BG exhibited the most suitable combination of injectability and rheological features.All putty samples were well described by both the Power law and Herschel-Bulkley rheological models(coeffi-cient of determination>0.95).This study highlights the influence of Denosumab on flowability and rheological relationships and sug-gests potential improvements in bioactivity through a dual synergistic effect of BG and Denosumab in minimally invasive bone graft sys-tems.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82071170 and 82371016)the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project for Public Welfare(No.LGF21H140004).
文摘Oral ulcers may greatly diminish patient life quality and potentially result in malignant transformations.Using gels or films as pseudomembrane barriers is an effective method for promoting ulcer healing.However,these pseudomembranes face challenges such as saliva flushing,dynamic changes,and the presence of abundant microorganisms in the complex oral environment.Herein,we developed an injectable,photoinduction,in situ-enhanceable oral ulcer repair hydrogel(named as GIL2)by incorporating dynamic phenylboronic acid ester bonds and imidazole ions into a methacrylated gelatin matrix.GIL2 exhibited rapid gelation(3 s),low swelling properties(1.07 g/g),robust tensile strength(56.83 kPa)and high adhesive strength(63.38 kPa),allowing it to adhere effectively to the ulcer surface.Moreover,the GIL2 demonstrated intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant qualities.Within a diabetic rat model for oral ulcers,GIL2 effectively eased oxidative stress and decreased the inflammation present in ulcerated wounds,thereby greatly hastening the healing process of these ulcers.Together,GIL2 hydrogel demonstrates remarkable adaptability within the oral milieu,revitalizing clinical strategy advancements for treating bacterialinfected oral ulcers.
文摘BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different treatment options.AIM To analyze the clinical effect and prognosis of mixed hemorrhoids treated with polidocanol injection combined with automatic elastic thread ligation operation(RPH).METHODS A total of 100 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who visited our hospital from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=50)and the treatment group(n=50)by rolling the dice.The procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)was adopted in the control group,while polidocanol foam injection+RPH was adopted in the treatment group.The therapeutic effects,operation time,wound healing time,hospital stay,pain situation(24 hours post-operative pain score,first defecation pain score),quality of life(QOL),incidence of complications(post-operative hemorrhage,edema,infection),incidence of anal stenosis 3 months post-operatively and recurrence rate 1 year post-operatively of the two groups were compared.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the total effective rate of treatment group was higher,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The operation time/wound healing time/hospital stay in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain scores at 24 hours after operation/first defecation pain score of the treatment group was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After surgery,the QOL scores of the two groups decreased,with the treatment group having higher scores than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the incidence of postoperative complications in the treatment group was lower,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding between the two groups(P>0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal stenosis 3 months after operation and the recurrence rate 1 year after operation between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with mixed hemorrhoids,the therapeutic effect achieved by using polidocanol injection combined with RPH was better.The wounds of the patients healed faster,the postoperative pain was milder,QOL improved,and the incidence of complications was lower,and the short-term and long-term prognosis was good.
基金supported by Basic and Applied Basic research foundation of Guangdong province(Nos.2021A1515010343 and 2022A1515011582)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A0505030026 and 2022A0505050029).
文摘In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the coolant.To clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen University.To obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle diameter.Through detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE experiment.Similarly,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure build-up.For the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt pool.However,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam cavity.Regardless of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.
基金Supported by The New Faculty Research Grant of Pusan National University,2023The Research Grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2023.
文摘BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resolve,several treatment options have been suggested for this condition.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a case of corticosteroid injection induced lipoatrophy treated with autologous whole blood(AWB)injection,as the condition had been unresponsive to fractional laser therapy.A 29-year-old female patient visited the dermatology clinic complaining of skin depression on her right buttock area,which had appeared six months earlier.There had been only subtle improvement at the margins after fractional CO_(2) laser treatment;therefore,after obtaining informed consent from the patient,AWB treatment was initiated.One month after the first AWB injection,the size and depth of the lesion had noticeably improved,and a slight improvement was also observed in discoloration.CONCLUSION Close observation is the initial treatment of choice for steroid induced skin atrophy;however,for patients in need of immediate cosmetic improvement,AWB injection may be a safe and cost-effective alternative.
文摘Owing to the low p-type doping efficiency in the hole injection layers(HILs)of GaN-based ultra-violet(UV)vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL),effective hole injection in multi-quantum wells(MQW)is not achieved,significantly limiting the photoelectric performance of UV VCSELs.We developed a slope-shaped HIL and an EBL structure in AlGaN-based UV VCSELs.In this study,by improving hole in-jection efficiency,the hole concentration in the HIL is increased,and the hole barrier at the electron barrier layer(EBL)/HIL interface is decreased.This minimises the hindering effect of hole injection.A mathematic-al model of this structure was established using a commercial software,photonic integrated circuit simulator in three-dimension(PICS3D).We conducted simulations and theoretical analyses of the band structure and carrier concentration.Introducing polarisation doping through the Al composition gradient in the HIL en-hanced the hole concentration,thereby improving the hole injection efficiency.Furthermore,modifying the EBL eliminated the abrupt potential barrier for holes at the HIL/EBL interface,smoothing the valence band.This improved the stimulated radiative recombination rate in the MQW,increasing the laser power.There-fore,the sloped p-type layer can enhance the optoelectronic performance of UV VCSELs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51909154)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Intelligent Maintenance and Energy Efficiency(No.20DZ2252300).
文摘Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG high pressure direct injection(HPDI)engine are examined.Four typical split injection strategies,namely split pre-injection of pilot diesel(PD)and NG,split post-injection of PD and NG,split pre-injection of NG,and split post-injection of PD,were developed to investigate the influences on combustion and emissions.Results revealed that split pre injection of NG enhanced the atomization of PD,whereas the split post-injection of NG lowered the temperature in the core region of the PD spray,resulting in the deterioration of combustion.The effect of the split injection strategy on indicated thermal efficiency exceeded 7.5%.Split pre-injection was favorable to enhancing thermal efficiency,whereas split post-injection was not.Ignition delay,combustion duration,and premixed combustion time proportion were affected by injection strategies by 3.8%,50%,and 19.7%,respectively.Split pre-injection increased CH_(4) emission in the exhaust.Split post-injection,especially split post-injection of PD and NG,reduced the unburned CH_(4) emission by approximately 30%.When the split post-injection ratio was less than 30%,the trade-off between NO_(X) and soot was interrupted.The distribution range of hydroxyl radicals was expanded by pre-injection,and NO_(X) was generated in the region where the NG jet hit the wall.This paper provides valuable insights into the optimization of HPDI injection parameters.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia,and these results are parts of Grant No.451-03-66/2024-03/200132 with the University of Kragujevac-Faculty of Technical Sciences Cacak.
文摘With the increasing use of web applications,challenges in the field of cybersecurity are becoming more complex.This paper explores the application of fine-tuned large language models(LLMs)for the automatic generation of synthetic attacks,including XSS(Cross-Site Scripting),SQL Injections,and Command Injections.A web application has been developed that allows penetration testers to quickly generate high-quality payloads without the need for in-depth knowledge of artificial intelligence.The fine-tuned language model demonstrates the capability to produce synthetic payloads that closely resemble real-world attacks.This approach not only improves the model’s precision and dependability but also serves as a practical resource for cybersecurity professionals to enhance the security of web applications.The methodology and structured implementation underscore the importance and potential of advanced language models in cybersecurity,illustrating their effectiveness in generating high-quality synthetic data for penetration testing purposes.The research results demonstrate that this approach enables the identification of vulnerabilities that traditional methods may not uncover,providing deeper insights into potential threats and enhancing overall security measures.The performance evaluation of the model indicated satisfactory results,while further hyperparameter optimization could improve accuracy and generalization capabilities.This research represents a significant step forward in improving web application security and opens new opportunities for the use of LLMs in security testing,thereby contributing to the development of more effective cybersecurity strategies.
文摘Stripping injection overcomes the limitations of Liouville's theorem and is widely used for beam injection and accumulation in high-intensity synchrotrons.The interaction between the stripping foil and beam is crucial in the study of stripping injection,particularly in low-energy stripping injection synchrotrons,such as the XiPAF synchrotron.The foil thickness is the main parameter that affects the properties of the beam after injection.The thin stripping foil is reinforced with collodion during its installation.However,the collodion on the foil surface makes it difficult to determine its equivalent thickness,because the mechanical measurements are not sufficiently reliable or convenient for continuously determining foil thickness.We propose an online stripping foil thickness measurement method based on the ionization energy loss effect,which is suitable for any foil thickness and does not require additional equipment.Experimental studies were conducted using the XiPAF synchrotron.The limitation of this method was examined,and the results were verified by comparing the experimentally obtained beam current accumulation curves with the simulation results.This confirms the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method for measuring the stripping foil thickness.
文摘One of the most important of these emissions is fine particulate matter,which is a harmful emission of diesel engines,leading to the imposition of strict regulations.Biodiesel,with its high oxygen content,is an effective alternative to significantly reduce these emissions.In this study,rapeseed methyl ester(RME)was used as a diesel engine fuel and the emitted particulate matter was comparedwith ultra-lowsulfur diesel(ULSD).Inmost experimental studies,the emission of soot wasmeasured.In this work,the effects of injection timing,injection pressure(IP),and engine load on fine particulate matter in both nucleation and accumulation modes were studied.The results show that IP increases the number of particles in the accumulation mode while the number of particles in the crystallization mode is higher for rapeseed methyl ester(RME)than for ultra-low sulfur diesel(ULSD).Conversely,the formation rates of particles in the accumulationmode are higher for ULSD.Cumulative concentration numbers(CCN)are generally higher for RME in crystallization mode but higher for ULSD in accumulation mode.Increasing the IP reduces the CCN values.The particle size in crystallizationmode reaches a maximum of 22 nm at IPs of 800 and 1000 bar but decreases to 15 nm at 1200 bar.Most fine particles fall in the 5–100 nm diameter range.High engine loads reduce the particle size distribution in nucleationmode for both fuels,with a slight increase in particle size in nucleationmode.Thestudy concluded that the use of rapeseed methyl ester as an engine fuel benefits the environment and improves air quality due to the significant reduction in the size,number,and concentration of nano-soot particles and total particles emitted from the engine.
文摘BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis(OA)imposes a substantial burden through pain,functional limitation,and progressive cartilage loss.Bone marrow aspirate concentrate(BMAC)has emerged as a promising regenerative therapy for OA due to its rich composition of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)and bioactive factors.While intra-articular BMAC injections provide short-term symptomatic relief,recent literature suggests that targeting the subchondral bone—an area crucial to OA progression—may offer superior and longer-lasting clinical benefits.AIM To compares the outcomes of subchondral vs intra-articular BMAC injections in patients with primary knee OA.METHODS In this unicentric,double-blinded,randomized controlled trial,30 patients with radiologically confirmed primary knee OA(Kellgren-Lawrence grades II and III)will be equally randomized to receive either subchondral(Group A)or intra-articular(Group B)BMAC injections.BMAC will be harvested from the posterior iliac crest,processed using a standardized centrifugation protocol to yield a product with>85%cell viability,and administered under image guidance.The primary outcome is the change in pain intensity at 12 months as measured by the Visual Analog Scale(VAS).Secondary outcomes include functional improvement assessed by Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS),International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index(WOMAC)scores,structural changes evaluated through advanced magnetic resonance imaging using(MRI)the whole-organ MRI Score,and safety as determined by the incidence of adverse events.RESULTS This study aims to evaluate pain reduction at 12 months post-injection,using the VAS as the primary outcome.Secondary outcomes include functional improvement(KOOS,WOMAC,IKDC),cartilage regeneration(T2 cartigram),adverse event incidence,patient satisfaction(standardized questionnaires,Likert scale),and quality of life(EQ-5D).Ethical considerations follow the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice,with institutional review board approval and participant informed consent ensured.Confidentiality and data security comply with regulations,and a data safety monitoring board oversees trial safety.Results will be shared via peer-reviewed journals,presentations at international orthopedic conferences,and detailed summaries for stakeholders and participants.The trial is registered under clinical trial registry of India/2024/04/065284.Findings emphasize patient-centered advancements in knee osteoarthritis management.CONCLUSION This trial aims to refine regenerative strategies for knee OA by comparing subchondral vs intra-articular BMAC injections,addressing long-term efficacy,safety,and treatment standardization to guide targeted interventions.This trial will provide critical insights into the comparative efficacy and safety of subchondral vs intra-articular BMAC injections in treating primary knee OA.
基金Supported by 2023 Science and Technology Innovation Program(Key Laboratory of Sleep Respiratory Disorders)in Huai'an,No.HAP202304。
文摘BACKGROUND Managing refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss(RSSHL)in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)presents significant therapeutic challenges,highlighting the importance of identifying effective treatment strategies.AIM To analyze the therapeutic effectiveness of intratympanic injection plus retroauricular injection for RSSHL complicated with DM.METHODS This study included 84 patients with RSSHL complicated with DM from April 2021 to April 2024,all receiving routine treatment.Participants were categorized into the control group(40 cases),receiving an intratympanic injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate(MPSS),and the research group(44 cases),treated with retroauricular MPSS injection the next day in addition to the treatment administered in the control group.The efficacy,adverse reactions(tympanic membrane perforation,middle ear infections,burning sensation,vertigo,and tinnitus),blood glucose(BG)[fasting BG(FBG),2-hour postprandial BG(2hPBG),and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)],hearing thresholds at different frequencies(250 Hz,500 Hz,and 1000 Hz),serum biochemical indexes[interleukin(IL)-6,C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT)],and quality of life assessed by the short-form 36 item health survey(SF-36)were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS The research group demonstrated a markedly higher total effectiveness rate(81.82%vs 60.00%,P=0.027)and a comparable incidence of total adverse reactions than the control group.Further,the research group exhibited notably reduced FBG,2hPBG,HbA1c,IL-6,CRP,and PCT post-treatment(P<0.01),which were lower compared with the pre-treatment levels and the control group(P<0.05),as well as reduced hearing thresholds at different frequencies(250 Hz,500 Hz,and 1000 Hz,P<0.05).Furthermore,the post-treatment SF-36 scores of the research group in terms of energy,social functioning,role functioning,physical functioning,mental health,and overall health were all significantly improved than the pre-treatment levels and the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The above results indicate that intratympanic plus retroauricular injections of MPSS are effective in treating RSSHL complicated with DM without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions,which has a health promotion value.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the impact of administration routes in establishing the Adriamycin(ADR)-induced chronic kidney disease(CKD)model.Using BALB/c mice,we compared the effects of conventional tail-vein injection(TV10,10 mg/kg)to those of retro-orbital sinus(orbital vein)injection(OV10,10 mg/kg;OV8,8 mg/kg).The re-sults indicated that the OV10 group exhibited CKD pathology similar to the TV10 group,with both groups demonstrating significantly higher urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(p<0.05),tubular injury(p<0.05),and degree of renal fibrosis(p<0.05)than the OV8 group.No significant differences were observed between the OV10 and TV10 groups in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,tubular injury,and degree of renal fibrosis.These findings demonstrated that retro-orbital administration of 10 mg/kg ADR in-duces comparable effects to conventional tail-vein administration.This technique's technical simplicity may improve experimental efficiency,reproducibility,and animal welfare in CKD research.In conclusion,this study validates the utility of retro-orbital injection in CKD model establishment,demonstrating its potential to standardize and improve the reliability of future CKD research protocols.
文摘Wen-lin Gong1,Chuang Sha2,Gang Du1,Zhong-gui Shan3,Zhong-quan Qi3,Su-fang Zhou1,Nuo Yang1,4,Yong-xiang Zhao1,4.First published:21 June 2017;10(5):454-460.DOI:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.05.004 The authors would like to correct an error in Figure 3 in which the flow cytometric scattergram of CD4/CD44 for the control group was erroneously used for the scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group.The correct scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group is provided below.The error does not affect the conclusion of the study.The authors apologize for the error and the inconvenience it might have caused to readers.
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8232044)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462023BJRC030).
文摘The long-term stability of CO_(2) storage represents a pivotal challenge in geological CO_(2) storage(CGS),particularly within deep saline aquifers characterized by complex fault-block systems.While the injection sites and rate under different fault structures will directly affect the CO_(2) storage effect and the risk of leakage.This study investigates the Gaoyou Sag in the Subei Basin,a representative fault-block reservoir,through an integrated numerical-experimental approach.A three-dimensional simulation model incorporating multiphase flow dynamics was developed to characterize subsurface CO_(2) transport and dissolution processes.A novel fault seal capacity evaluation framework was proposed,integrating three critical geological indices(fault throw/reservoir thickness/caprock thicknesses)with the coupling of formation physical properties,temperature,and pressure for the rational selection of injection sites and rates.The results show that Optimal storage performance is observed when the fault throw is lower than the reservoir and caprock thicknesses.Furthermore,higher temperature and pressure promote the dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2),while compared to the structural form of faults,the physical properties of faults have a more significant effect on CO_(2) leakage.The larger reservoir space and the presence of an interlayer reduce the risk of CO_(2) leakage,and augmenting storage potential.Decreasing the injection rate increases the proportion of dissolved CO_(2),thereby enhancing the safety of CO_(2) storage.
文摘BACKGROUND The accuracy of blind intra-articular injections in the shoulder is rather low.Inaccurate injections tend to lead to poorer treatment outcomes.The“Delaware posterior bone touch technique”has shown higher accuracy in young,slender,healthy volunteers than the classical“Cyriax technique”.AIM To investigate whether the Delaware technique would also be more accurate in older patients with capsulitis.METHODS We analyzed the files of 100 consecutive patients with capsulitis who were treated with an intra-articular injection containing a mixture of triamcinolone,lidocaine,and air.After the injection,the shoulder was moved to determine whether a squishing sound could be produced.The squishing sound was interpreted as an accurate injection.The scores with the new Delaware technique were compared against those with the Cyriax technique in a previous study.RESULTS Squishing was heard after 87%of the injections.This was 13%(10%points)more than the 77%in the previous study(P=0.004).CONCLUSION The Delaware technique was significantly more accurate than the Cyriax technique also in middle aged patients with capsulitis.We hypothesize that the difference is caused by a lower risk that a part of the opening of the needle is still outside the capsule.
基金financially supported by the National Key Laboratory of Ramjet,China(No.2022-020-003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.501QYZX2023146001)。
文摘The kerosene-fueled Scramjet with multi-cavity combustor has the potential to serve aspropulsion system for hypersonic flight.However,the impact of injection positions on combustionperformance and mechanism at high Mach numbers remains uncertain.Therefore,a comparativestudy was conducted using numerical methods to explore multi-cavity Scramjet combustor perfor-mance at a flight Mach number 7.0 with different injection positions.The combustor is equippedwith 6 cavities arranged in three groups along the flow direction,each consisting of two cavities per-pendicular to the flow.It is shown that the injection location significantly influences combustionperformance:Front-injection yields higher combustion efficiency than post-injection,but post-injection is advantageous for the intake start.Additionally,regardless of injection positions,themainstream flow state near the cavities behind the injection can be categorized as supersonic flow,supersonic-subsonic coexistence flow,and subsonic flow.The optimal length from the downstreamto the trailing edge of the cavities behind the injection for achieving maximum combustion effi-ciency is determined.Further extension beyond this optimal length does not significantly increasethe combustion efficiency.In addition,the optimal length varies with different injection positions-specifically,it is about 60%longer with post-injection conditions than with front-injection con-ditions in this investigation.Moreover,significant secondary combustion within the cavities leadingto improved efficiency only occurs when mainstream flow state is either supersonic flow orsupersonic-subsonic coexistence flow.Also,with a well-optimized design,the kerosene-fueledmulti-cavity Scramjet can achieve enhanced combustion efficiency,which shows relatively smallvariation across a wide range of equivalence ratios.This might be caused by the effects of interac-tion among these multiple cavities.Therefore,these research findings can provide valuable insightsfor designing and optimizing the kerosene-fueled multi-cavity combustor in Scramjet at high Machnumbers.
基金approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Institutional Review Board,approval No.TLV-0674-21.
文摘BACKGROUND Intra-articular hip injections(IAHIs)are commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but are often associated with patient anxiety and fear.The disparity between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the role of preinjection local anesthesia in pain modulation remains unclear.AIM To investigate the difference between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the impact of pre-injection local anesthesia.METHODS This prospective study enrolled 60 patients undergoing IAHI,30 receiving pre-injection superficial local anesthesia and 30 serving as a control group without pre-injection local anesthesia.Pain levels were assessed using numeric rating scales.RESULTS Patients significantly overestimated anticipated pain compared to experienced pain(6.43±2.48 vs 3.68±2.37,P<0.001).Pre-injection local anesthesia did not significantly reduce experienced pain(3.19±2.38 vs 4.20±2.29,P=0.130).CONCLUSION Patients overestimate anticipated pain during IAHIs.Pre-injection local anesthesia does not reduce experienced pain.
基金supported by Innovation Research Project for the training of high-level scientific and technological talents(Technical expert talents)of the Armed Police Force ZZKY20222415“13th Five-Year Plan”military key colleges and key disciplines-Equipment Engineering(Power)-17.
文摘Fuel injection properties,including the injection rate(temporal aspects)and spray behavior(spatial aspects),play a crucial role in the combustion efficiency and emissions of diesel engines.This study investigates the effects of different ethanol-biodiesel-diesel(EBD)blends on the injection performance in diesel engines.Experimental tests are conducted to examine key injection parameters,such as spray penetration distance,spray cone angle,and droplet size,alongside an analysis of coupling leakage.The main findings are as follows:(1)The injection behavior of ethanol and diesel differs significantly.The addition of ethanol reduces the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the fuel mixture.While the injection advance angle,penetration distance,and Sauter mean diameter show minimal changes,the spray cone angle and coupling leakage increase notably.These alterations may disrupt the“fuelair-chamber”matching characteristics of the original engine,potentially affecting performance.(2)In contrast,the injection performance of biodiesel ismore similar to that of diesel.As biodiesel content increases,the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the blended fuel also grow.Though changes in injection timing,penetration distance,and spray cone angle remain minimal,the Sauter mean diameter experiences a slight increase.The“air-fuel chamber”compatibility of the original engine is largely unaffected,though fuel atomization slightly deteriorates.Blending up to 20%biodiesel and 30%ethanol with diesel effectively compensates for the shortcomings of using single fuels,maintaining favorable injection dynamics while enhancing lubrication and sealing performance of engine components.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2441284 and 22375164)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.CX2024042)。
文摘Aluminum-water(Al-H_(2)O)propellants represent an innovative class of solid propellants characterized by low cost and minimal signal signature.However,conventional formulations are hindered by significant aluminum(Al)agglomeration,leading to reduced combustion efficiency and substantial residues.This study introduces a method for modifying Al powder with Polyvinylidene Fluoride(PVDF)to enhance the performance of Al-H_(2)O propellants by mitigating agglomeration during combustion.Experimental methodologies,including thermogravimetric analysis under ambient-pressure nitrogen atmosphere and laser ignition tests,were employed to investigate the influence of varying PVDF content on the combustion characteristics of the propellants.Furthermore,the effect of PVDF on motor performance was systematically evaluated through laboratoryscale Solid Rocket Motor(SRM)tests.The results demonstrate that the addition of 7.5%PVDF significantly enhances the burning rate from 1.12 mm/s to 3.78 mm/s and reduces the mean particle size of condensed combustion products from 699μm to 527μm.Combustion efficiency rises from88.57%to 94.51%,while injection efficiency improves significantly from 30.45%to 70.45%.SRM tests further demonstrate an increase in combustion chamber pressure from 0.17 MPa to 0.58 MPa.A dynamic agglomeration model explains these improvements,attributing reduced agglomeration to enhanced aerodynamic forces and a thinner melting layer,while increased gas yield improves injection performance.This study highlights PVDF's potential in advancing Al-H_(2)O propellants by improving combustion and injection efficiency.
