Terminal iterative learning control(TILC) is developed to reduce the error between system output and a fixed desired point at the terminal end of operation interval over iterations under strictly identical initial con...Terminal iterative learning control(TILC) is developed to reduce the error between system output and a fixed desired point at the terminal end of operation interval over iterations under strictly identical initial conditions. In this work, the initial states are not required to be identical further but can be varying from iteration to iteration. In addition, the desired terminal point is not fixed any more but is allowed to change run-to-run. Consequently, a new adaptive TILC is proposed with a neural network initial state learning mechanism to achieve the learning objective over iterations. The neural network is used to approximate the effect of iteration-varying initial states on the terminal output and the neural network weights are identified iteratively along the iteration axis.A dead-zone scheme is developed such that both learning and adaptation are performed only if the terminal tracking error is outside a designated error bound. It is shown that the proposed approach is able to track run-varying terminal desired points fast with a specified tracking accuracy beyond the initial state variance.展开更多
Learning initiative is a critical foundation for young children’s long-term learning engagement.Existing research has predominantly viewed it as an individual trait,with limited focus on interactional mechanisms in d...Learning initiative is a critical foundation for young children’s long-term learning engagement.Existing research has predominantly viewed it as an individual trait,with limited focus on interactional mechanisms in daily educational contexts.This qualitative study explores how adult support shapes children’s learning initiative in early childhood education settings.Drawing on classroom observations,semi-structured interviews,and parent questionnaires,the findings identify three core mechanisms:adult verbal encouragement as an immediate trigger,emotional safety as a mediating condition for sustained engagement,and home-school alignment as a reinforcing factor.By reconceptualizing learning initiative as an interactionally constructed process,this study advances sociocultural and autonomy-supportive perspectives,offering practical insights for educators and parents.展开更多
Basic foreign language teaching for language majors plays a significant role in the process of foreign language teaching and is also a crucial stage in the training of foreign language talents. During the stage teache...Basic foreign language teaching for language majors plays a significant role in the process of foreign language teaching and is also a crucial stage in the training of foreign language talents. During the stage teachers should learn about students＇ learning motives and the beginners＇ psychological state to rouse students＇ interest and mobilize their initiatives so that students can change from passive learning to active learning. The teaching effects will thereby be substantially enhanced.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61374102,61433002 and 61120106009)High Education Science&Technology Fund Planning Project of Shandong Province of China(No.J14LN30)
文摘Terminal iterative learning control(TILC) is developed to reduce the error between system output and a fixed desired point at the terminal end of operation interval over iterations under strictly identical initial conditions. In this work, the initial states are not required to be identical further but can be varying from iteration to iteration. In addition, the desired terminal point is not fixed any more but is allowed to change run-to-run. Consequently, a new adaptive TILC is proposed with a neural network initial state learning mechanism to achieve the learning objective over iterations. The neural network is used to approximate the effect of iteration-varying initial states on the terminal output and the neural network weights are identified iteratively along the iteration axis.A dead-zone scheme is developed such that both learning and adaptation are performed only if the terminal tracking error is outside a designated error bound. It is shown that the proposed approach is able to track run-varying terminal desired points fast with a specified tracking accuracy beyond the initial state variance.
文摘Learning initiative is a critical foundation for young children’s long-term learning engagement.Existing research has predominantly viewed it as an individual trait,with limited focus on interactional mechanisms in daily educational contexts.This qualitative study explores how adult support shapes children’s learning initiative in early childhood education settings.Drawing on classroom observations,semi-structured interviews,and parent questionnaires,the findings identify three core mechanisms:adult verbal encouragement as an immediate trigger,emotional safety as a mediating condition for sustained engagement,and home-school alignment as a reinforcing factor.By reconceptualizing learning initiative as an interactionally constructed process,this study advances sociocultural and autonomy-supportive perspectives,offering practical insights for educators and parents.
文摘Basic foreign language teaching for language majors plays a significant role in the process of foreign language teaching and is also a crucial stage in the training of foreign language talents. During the stage teachers should learn about students＇ learning motives and the beginners＇ psychological state to rouse students＇ interest and mobilize their initiatives so that students can change from passive learning to active learning. The teaching effects will thereby be substantially enhanced.
