A two-dimensional, three-temperature radiation magneto-hydrodynamics model is applied to the investigation of evolutional trends in x-ray radiation power, energy, peak plasma temperature and density as functions of dr...A two-dimensional, three-temperature radiation magneto-hydrodynamics model is applied to the investigation of evolutional trends in x-ray radiation power, energy, peak plasma temperature and density as functions of drive current rise-time and initial load density distribution by using the typical experimental parameters of tungsten wire-array Z- pinch on the Qiangguang-I generator. The numerical results show that as the drive current rise-time is shortened, x-ray radiation peak power, energy, peak plasma density and peak ion temperature increase approximately linearly, but among them the x-ray radiation peak power increases more quickly. As the initial plasma density distribution in the radial direction becomes gradually flattened, the peak radiation power and the peak ion-temperature almost exponentially increase, while the radiation energy and the peak plasma density change only a little. The main effect of shortening drive current rise-time is to enhance compression of plasma, and the effect of flattening initial load density distribution in the radial direction is to raise the plasma temperature. Both of the approaches elevate the x-ray peak radiation power展开更多
Vitellogenin receptor(VgR)plays a crucial role in oogenesis by mediating en-docytosis of vitellogenin and a portion of the yolk proteins in many insect species.How-ever,the function of VgR in minute parasitoid wasps i...Vitellogenin receptor(VgR)plays a crucial role in oogenesis by mediating en-docytosis of vitellogenin and a portion of the yolk proteins in many insect species.How-ever,the function of VgR in minute parasitoid wasps is largely unknown.Here,we applied Trichogramma dendrolimi,a minute egg parasitoid,as a study model to investigate the function of VgR in parasitoids.We developed RNA interference(RNAi)methods based on microinjection of prepupae in T.dendrolimi.RNAi employs nanomaterial branched amphipathic peptide capsules(BAPC)as a carrier for double-stranded RNA(dsRNA),sig-nificantly enhancing delivery efficiency.Also,artificial hosts without medium were used to culture the injected prepupae in vitro.Utilizing these methods,we found that ovarian growth was disrupted after knockdown of TdVgR,as manifested by the suppressed devel-opment of the ovariole and the inhibition of nurse cell internalization by oocytes.Also,the initial mature egg load in the ovary was significantly reduced.Notably,the parasitic capacity of the female adult with ovarian dysplasia was significantly decreased,possibly resulting from the low availability of mature eggs.Moreover,ovarian dysplasia in T.den-drolimi caused by VgR deficiency are conserved despite feeding on different hosts.The results confirmed a critical role of TdVgR in the reproductive ability of T.dendrolimi and provided a reference for gene functional studies in minute insects.展开更多
To reveal the water inrush mechanics of underground deep rock mass subjected to dynamic disturbance such as blasting, compression-shear rock crack initiation rule and the evolution of crack tip stress intensity factor...To reveal the water inrush mechanics of underground deep rock mass subjected to dynamic disturbance such as blasting, compression-shear rock crack initiation rule and the evolution of crack tip stress intensity factor are analyzed under static-dynamic loading and seepage water pressure on the basis of theoretical deduction and experimental research. It is shown that the major influence factors of the crack tip stress intensity factor are seepage pressure, dynamic load, static stress and crack angle. The existence of seepage water pressure aggravates propagation of branch cracks. With the seepage pressure increasing, the branch crack experiences unstable extension from stable propagation. The dynamic load in the direction of maximum main stress increases type I crack tip stress intensity factor and its influence on type II crack intensity factor is related with crack angle and material property. Crack initiation angle changes with the dynamic load. The initial crack initiation angle of type I dynamic crack fracture is 70.5°. The compression-shear crack initial strength is related to seepage pressure, confining pressure, and dynamic load. Experimental results verify that the initial crack strength increases with the confining pressure increasing, and decreases with the seepage pressure increasing.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10035020）.
文摘A two-dimensional, three-temperature radiation magneto-hydrodynamics model is applied to the investigation of evolutional trends in x-ray radiation power, energy, peak plasma temperature and density as functions of drive current rise-time and initial load density distribution by using the typical experimental parameters of tungsten wire-array Z- pinch on the Qiangguang-I generator. The numerical results show that as the drive current rise-time is shortened, x-ray radiation peak power, energy, peak plasma density and peak ion temperature increase approximately linearly, but among them the x-ray radiation peak power increases more quickly. As the initial plasma density distribution in the radial direction becomes gradually flattened, the peak radiation power and the peak ion-temperature almost exponentially increase, while the radiation energy and the peak plasma density change only a little. The main effect of shortening drive current rise-time is to enhance compression of plasma, and the effect of flattening initial load density distribution in the radial direction is to raise the plasma temperature. Both of the approaches elevate the x-ray peak radiation power
基金supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(32172483)Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(22)3012)National Key R&D Plan of China(2023YFD1400605).
文摘Vitellogenin receptor(VgR)plays a crucial role in oogenesis by mediating en-docytosis of vitellogenin and a portion of the yolk proteins in many insect species.How-ever,the function of VgR in minute parasitoid wasps is largely unknown.Here,we applied Trichogramma dendrolimi,a minute egg parasitoid,as a study model to investigate the function of VgR in parasitoids.We developed RNA interference(RNAi)methods based on microinjection of prepupae in T.dendrolimi.RNAi employs nanomaterial branched amphipathic peptide capsules(BAPC)as a carrier for double-stranded RNA(dsRNA),sig-nificantly enhancing delivery efficiency.Also,artificial hosts without medium were used to culture the injected prepupae in vitro.Utilizing these methods,we found that ovarian growth was disrupted after knockdown of TdVgR,as manifested by the suppressed devel-opment of the ovariole and the inhibition of nurse cell internalization by oocytes.Also,the initial mature egg load in the ovary was significantly reduced.Notably,the parasitic capacity of the female adult with ovarian dysplasia was significantly decreased,possibly resulting from the low availability of mature eggs.Moreover,ovarian dysplasia in T.den-drolimi caused by VgR deficiency are conserved despite feeding on different hosts.The results confirmed a critical role of TdVgR in the reproductive ability of T.dendrolimi and provided a reference for gene functional studies in minute insects.
基金Projects(51174228,51174088,51204068,51274097)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To reveal the water inrush mechanics of underground deep rock mass subjected to dynamic disturbance such as blasting, compression-shear rock crack initiation rule and the evolution of crack tip stress intensity factor are analyzed under static-dynamic loading and seepage water pressure on the basis of theoretical deduction and experimental research. It is shown that the major influence factors of the crack tip stress intensity factor are seepage pressure, dynamic load, static stress and crack angle. The existence of seepage water pressure aggravates propagation of branch cracks. With the seepage pressure increasing, the branch crack experiences unstable extension from stable propagation. The dynamic load in the direction of maximum main stress increases type I crack tip stress intensity factor and its influence on type II crack intensity factor is related with crack angle and material property. Crack initiation angle changes with the dynamic load. The initial crack initiation angle of type I dynamic crack fracture is 70.5°. The compression-shear crack initial strength is related to seepage pressure, confining pressure, and dynamic load. Experimental results verify that the initial crack strength increases with the confining pressure increasing, and decreases with the seepage pressure increasing.
