In recent years,the rising prevalence of respiratory diseases,coupled with advancements in biotechnology and pharmacology,has positioned inhalable formulations as a preferred method of drug administration.This approac...In recent years,the rising prevalence of respiratory diseases,coupled with advancements in biotechnology and pharmacology,has positioned inhalable formulations as a preferred method of drug administration.This approach enables direct and rapid delivery of medication to the lungs,maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing dosage and potential side effects.In this review,we meticulously examined current literature and clinical trial databases to present a comprehensive overview of three key areas:(1)inhalation devices currently utilized in clinical settings;(2)the clinical applications of approved inhalable formulations;and(3)preclinical research on inhalable treatments targeting various lung conditions,including pulmonary infections,tuberculosis,lung cancer,pulmonary fibrosis,as well as systemic diseases like Parkinson’s disease.The objective was to delve into both foundational research and the clinical use of inhalable formulations within the pharmaceutical field,with the aim of fostering their broader adoption and guiding the development of inhalable therapies for a more comprehensive range of diseases.展开更多
The kinematical characteristics and thermophoretic deposition of inhalable particles with the diameters of 0-2.5μm （hereafter referred to as PM2.5） suspended in turbulent air flow in a rectangular duct with tempera...The kinematical characteristics and thermophoretic deposition of inhalable particles with the diameters of 0-2.5μm （hereafter referred to as PM2.5） suspended in turbulent air flow in a rectangular duct with temperature distribution were experimentally studied. Particle dynamics analyzer （PDA） was used for the on-line measurement of particle motion and particle concentration distribution in the cross-sections of the duct. The influences of the parameters such as the ratio of the bulk air temperature to the cold wall temperature and the air flow rate in the duct on the kinematical characteristics and the deposition efficiencies of PM2.5 were investigated. The experimental re- sults show that the deposition efficiencies of PM2.5 mainly depend on the temperature difference between the air and the cold wail, wffile the air flow rate and the particlecon^centration almost affect hardly tile clep0si-tion-effi ciency. The radial force thermophoresis to push PM2.5 to the cold wail is found the key factor for PM2.5 deposition.Based on the experimental results, an empirical modified Romay correlation for the calculation of thermophoretic deposition efficiency of PM2.5 is presenlext. The empirical correlation agrees reasonably well with the experimental data.展开更多
The geographical condition of Qingdao, China is relatively special;the transport of various inland pollutants, the emissions of marine aerosol and local pollutants will have an impact on the changes of atmospheric aer...The geographical condition of Qingdao, China is relatively special;the transport of various inland pollutants, the emissions of marine aerosol and local pollutants will have an impact on the changes of atmospheric aerosol concentration. By using the stability classification method, trajectory clustering analysis and the NOAA HYSPLIT model, the seasonal distribution characteristics of atmospheric inhalable particulate matter concentration in Qingdao, China and its relationship with meteorological conditions, mixed layer height, and the seasonal characteristics of Qingdao pollutant transport were analyzed. The results show that the variation trends of PM2.5 and PM10 were about the same, and there are obvious seasonal differences, which are high in winter and spring, and low in summer and autumn. The concentration of inhalable particulate matter has a negative correlation with temperature, wind speed and relative humidity. The concentration of inhalable particulate matter is distinct in different relative humidity ranges. When the wind speed is less than 3 - 4 m/s, there are more inhalable particles, while the mass concentration shows obvious reduction with the wind speed more than 4 m/s. There is a significant negative correlation between the mass concentration of pollutants and the daily maximum mixed layer height. The larger the concentration of pollutants, the smaller the thickness of the daily largest mixed layer. Conversely, the smaller the mass concentration of pollutants, the larger the thickness of the daily largest mixed layer. The pollutant transport in Qingdao has obvious seasonal characteristics. The air mass in spring, autumn and winter is mainly medium-long distance transport from Mongolia and southern Russia, and medium-short distance transport from Inner Mongolia and northeast of China. The source of air masses in summer is mainly transported from the eastern and sea areas.展开更多
Inhalation and atmospheric pollution studies have focused on particulate matter due to correlations and associations with various morbidities and mortalities. This research analyzed ambient concentrations of inhalable...Inhalation and atmospheric pollution studies have focused on particulate matter due to correlations and associations with various morbidities and mortalities. This research analyzed ambient concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM10) on the island of Curaçao in order to evaluate through comparative literature analysis and recommended public health guidelines the potential health risks. Available hourly, daily and monthly PM10 measurements were accessed from June 2010 through December 2014 from a local air monitoring station in Willemstad. Mean annual concentrations of PM10 (31 - 122 μg/m3) in Curaçao are among the highest reported globally, demonstrating an increasing trend over time and exceed current public health guidelines recommended by local and international agencies. While the epidemiological evidence is inadequate to infer a causal association between health effects and long-term exposures of the measured PM10 concentrations, the results indicate that emissions controls are not adequate for compliance with international exposure standards.展开更多
Acute lung injury(ALI)or its more severe form,acute respiratory distress syndrome,is a life-threatening disease closely associated with an imbalance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization.However,current therapeutic strateg...Acute lung injury(ALI)or its more severe form,acute respiratory distress syndrome,is a life-threatening disease closely associated with an imbalance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization.However,current therapeutic strategies for ALI are controversial due to their side effects,restricted administration routes,or poor targeted delivery.The development of herbal medicine has uncovered numerous anti-inflammatory compounds potentially beneficial for ALI therapy.One such compound is the bergapten,a coumarin,which has been isolated from Ficus simplicissima Lour.However,it’s been used as an anti-cancer drug and it’s effects on ALI remain unexplored.The poor solubility and biodistribution of bergapten heavily limit its application.In this timely report,we developed a bioactive and lung-targeting lipid-nanomedicine by integrating bergapten and DPPC liposome,named as Ber-lipo.A comprehensive series of in vitro experiments confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of Ber-lipo and its protective roles in maintaining the homeostasis of macrophage polarization and epithelial-endothelial integrity.In a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI mouse model,Ber-lipo can target inflamed lungs and significantly improve lung edema,tissue injury,and pulmonary function,relieve body weight loss,pulmonary permeability,and proinflammatory status,and especially maintain a balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization.Furthermore,RNA sequencing analysis showed Ber-lipo’s potential in effectively treating inflammatory lung diseases such as pneumonia,inhibiting proinflammatory signals,and altering the transcriptome of M1/M2 macrophages-associated genes in lung tissues.Molecular docking and Western blot analyses validated that Ber-lipo suppressed the acti-vation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling axis responsible for ALI progression.In conclusion,this study demonstrates for the first time that new inhalable nanomedicine(Ber-lipo)can target inflamed lungs and ameliorates ALI by reprogramming macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory state via inactivating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway,hence providing a promising strategy for enhanced ALI therapy in the clinic.展开更多
Radiation-induced lung injury(RILI)is a severe side effect associated with radiotherapy for thoracic tumor.RILI is a complex pathological process encompassing early-stage pneumonia and late-stage pulmonary fibrosis,an...Radiation-induced lung injury(RILI)is a severe side effect associated with radiotherapy for thoracic tumor.RILI is a complex pathological process encompassing early-stage pneumonia and late-stage pulmonary fibrosis,and the process is irreversible.Current research predominantly focuses on early-stage radiation pneumonia,while effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis remain lacking.Therefore,a comprehensive therapeutic strategy addressing both pneumonia and fibrosis is urgently needed for RILI.Micro-nano carriers offer new opportunities for inhalable drug delivery to the lungs,enabling efficient transport across multiple biological barriers for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.Herein,we developed an inhalable microsphere system,RP@BDC,with multilevel responsiveness,designed to meet the size requirements for pulmonary drug delivery and to intervene the entire progression of RILI.Resveratrol and siPAI-1 were chosen as therapeutic agents to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis-related proteins.Chitosan-based nanoparticles(RP@DC)were prepared to enhance drug stability and permeability.CaCO_(3) biomineralization endowed RP@BDC with acid-responsive particle size transformation properties.RP@BDC microspheres demonstrated excellent responsiveness,releasing drug-loaded nanoparticles in response to the radiation-induced acidic environment,thereby exerting therapeutic effects.In an RILI mouse model,RP@BDC effectively alleviated both radiation-induced inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis by reducing inflammatory factors production and inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1)expression.Furthermore,RP@BDC exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional corticosteroids drug.Overall,our multilevel responsive delivery platform offers a promising therapeutic strategy for the comprehensive treatment of RILI.展开更多
As the primary component of haze,atmospheric inhalable particulate matters(PMio)are highly detri-mental to human health.Biomass combustion is one of China's most pivotal sources to aerosols pollution,inducing non-...As the primary component of haze,atmospheric inhalable particulate matters(PMio)are highly detri-mental to human health.Biomass combustion is one of China's most pivotal sources to aerosols pollution,inducing non-negligible emissions and uncertain risks.PMio samples directly from 10 representative biomass fuel combustion sources(2 groups covering the reality widely:straws of rice,wheat,corn,corncob,soybean,peanut,rape,sesame;and branches of pine,peach)were collected using the dilution channel sampler and analyzed for chemical compositions and in vitro cytotoxicity to human lung epithelial cell lines A549.The components of PMio are dominated by organic carbon(OC),followed by Water-soluble K+and Cl,and rich in metals Fe,Zn,Cr,and Ni.Generally,PMio emitted from biomass fuel combustions can weaken the antioxidant capacity of cells,and straws emissions,especially rape and peanut straws,show stronger ability to further induce oxidative stress and inflammatory damage than fuelwoods,owing to the key toxic roles of Cr,Ni,and Co.Therefore,reducing the specific source emis--sions of PMio from crop straw combustions rich in heavy metals could be an effective oriented strategy to improve environmental air quality and control aerosols pollution precisely for protecting public health.展开更多
Oxidative damage to plasmid DNA induced by airborne PM10 （particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less） is caused by the bioavailable （i.e., soluble） heavy metals on the particle surface. Howe...Oxidative damage to plasmid DNA induced by airborne PM10 （particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less） is caused by the bioavailable （i.e., soluble） heavy metals on the particle surface. However, quantitative analyses of the links between PM10 and oxidative damage are limited. In this study, plasmid DNA assay and ICP-MS were applied to study oxidative capacity and trace element compositions, respectively, of summer and winter PM10 samples collected at several sites （Sun Yat Sen Municipal Park （SYSP） and Av. de Horta e Costa （AHC） on the Macao peninsula and Macao University on Tai- pa Island （TI）） in Macao. At AHC and TI, the oxidative capacity of PM10 collected in winter was higher than that collected in summer, for both the whole sample and the water-soluble fraction. In contrast, no seasonal variation was noted at SYSP. PMI0 exhibited the highest oxidative capacity at SYSP and lowest oxidative capacity at TI in both seasons, demonstrating that the PMl0 collected on the Macao peninsula had a higher toxicity than that from Taipa Island. ICP-MS analyses revealed that the concentrations of total analyzed trace elements and their water-soluble components in PMI0 from TI and AHC were higher in winter than in summer, whereas SYSP displayed the opposite trend. The extents of oxidative damage induced by the wa- ter-soluble fractions and intact whole particles were generally similar, implying that the oxidative damage caused by particles in Macao resulted mainly from the water-soluble fraction. The oxidative capacities of PM10 were positively correlated with both whole and soluble Zn at the 95% confidence level, indicating that Zn was the major element responsible for the oxidative damage caused by particles in Macao. Other heavy metals, such as Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, As, and Pb, also exhibited elevated concen- trations, and the potential health impacts of these metals should be considered.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),with several antigenic variants,has grown into a global challenge,and the rapid establishment of an immune barrier is crucial to achieving long-term control ...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),with several antigenic variants,has grown into a global challenge,and the rapid establishment of an immune barrier is crucial to achieving long-term control of the virus.This has led to a great demand for easy preparation and scalable vaccines,especially in low-income countries.Here,we present an inhalable nanovaccine comprising chitosan and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.The chitosan-mediated nanovaccine enabled a strong spike-specific antibody immune response and augmented local mucosal immunity in bronchoalveolar lavage and lungs,which might be capable of protecting the host from infection without systemic toxicity.In addition,the enhanced adaptive immunity stimulated by chitosan showed potential protection against SARS-CoV-2.Furthermore,inhalation of the nanovaccine induced a comparable antibody response compared to intramuscular injection.This inhalable nanovaccine against SARS-CoV-2 offers a convenient and compliant strategy to reduce the use of needles and the need for medical staff.展开更多
Due to the insufficient Cu^(+)accumulation,Cu^(+)efflux mechanism,and highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)in lung metastasis,the cuproptosis efficacy is limited.Herein,an inhalable nanodevice(CLDCu)is ...Due to the insufficient Cu^(+)accumulation,Cu^(+)efflux mechanism,and highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)in lung metastasis,the cuproptosis efficacy is limited.Herein,an inhalable nanodevice(CLDCu)is constructed to successfully overcome the drawbacks of cuproptosis.CLDCu consists of a Cu^(2+)-chitosan shell and low molecular weight heparin-tocopherol succinate(LMWH-TOS,LT)core with disulfiram(DSF)loading.The prepared CLDCu can be inhaled and accumulate in large amounts in lung lesions(63.6%)with 56.5 times higher than intravenous injection.Within tumor cells,the mild acidity triggers the co-release of DSF and Cu2+,thus generating bis(diethyldithiocarbamate)-copper(CuET)to block Cu^(+)efflux protein ATP7B and forming toxic Cu^(+),leading to enhanced cuproptosis.Meanwhile,the released chitosan cooperates with CLDCu-induced cuproptosis to activate stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway,which significantly potentiates dendritic cells(DCs)maturation,as wells as evokes innate and adaptive immunity.In lung metastatic mice model,CLDCu is found to induce cuproptosis and reverse the immunosuppressive TME by inhalation administration.Moreover,CLDCu combined with anti-programmed cell death protein ligand-1 antibody(aPD-L1)provokes stronger antitumor immunity.Therefore,nanomedicine that combines cuproptosis with STING activation is a novel strategy for tumor immunotherapy.展开更多
Inhalation-administrated drugs remain an interesting possibility of addressing pulmonary diseases.Direct drug delivery to the lungs allows one to obtain high concentration in the site of action with limited systemic d...Inhalation-administrated drugs remain an interesting possibility of addressing pulmonary diseases.Direct drug delivery to the lungs allows one to obtain high concentration in the site of action with limited systemic distribution,leading to a more effective therapy with reduced required doses and side effects.On the other hand,there are several difficulties in obtaining a formulation that would meet all the criteria related to physicochemical,aerodynamic and biological properties,which is the reason why only very few of the investigated systems can reach the clinical trial phase and proceed to everyday use as a result.Therefore,we focused on powders consisting of polysaccharides,lipids,proteins or natural and synthetic polymers in the form of microparticles that are delivered by inhalation to the lungs as drug carriers.We summarized the most common trends in research today to provide the best dry powders in the right fraction for inhalation that would be able to release the drug before being removed by natural mechanisms.This review article addresses the most common manufacturing methods with novel modifications,pros and cons of different materials,drug loading capacities with release profiles,and biological properties such as cytocompatibility,bactericidal or anticancer properties.展开更多
Background:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a refractory disease with limited treatment options.This study investigates the potential anti-PF effects of the herbal formula Yiqi Huatan Sanjie(YQHTSJ)administered via nebulized ...Background:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a refractory disease with limited treatment options.This study investigates the potential anti-PF effects of the herbal formula Yiqi Huatan Sanjie(YQHTSJ)administered via nebulized inhalation,exploring its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The anti-fibrotic properties of nebulized YQHTSJ were assessed using a bleomycin(BLM)-induced PF mouse model.RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs),and subsequent gene enrichment analysis,along with transcription factor(TF)prediction,revealed YQHTSJ-regulated DEGs.Active components and targets of YQHTSJ were retrieved from the HERB database,leading to the identification of key TFs interacting with DEGs.Quercetin,a constituent of YQHTSJ,was evaluated for its effects on transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblast activation and BLM-induced PF.The direct binding interaction between quercetin and the key TF Jun proto-oncogene(JUN)was confirmed through molecular docking studies and the cellular thermal shift assay(CETSA)experiments.Results:Nebulized YQHTSJ was found to significantly inhibit PF and inflammation in the mouse model.RNA sequencing identified 135 DEGs regulated by YQHTSJ,and 27 key TFs associated with these DEGs were predicted.Among YQHTSJ’s potential targets,41 were identified as TFs,with six-JUN,Fos proto-oncogene,MYC proto-oncogene,RELA proto-oncogene,nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1,and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha-recognized as key TFs targeted by YQHTSJ.Molecular docking and CETSA experiments confirmed that quercetin directly targets JUN protein and inhibits its phosphorylation,thereby contributing to the suppression of myofibroblast activation and PF.Conclusion:The potential mechanisms of YQHTSJ and its component quercetin in combating PF may involve the regulation of critical TFs like JUN and the suppression of pathogenic gene expression.展开更多
Background:Inhalation exposure is the gold standard when assessing pulmonary tox-icity.However,it typically requires substantial amounts of test material.Intratracheal instillation is an alternative administration tec...Background:Inhalation exposure is the gold standard when assessing pulmonary tox-icity.However,it typically requires substantial amounts of test material.Intratracheal instillation is an alternative administration technique,where the test substance is suspended in a liquid vehicle and deposited into the lung via the trachea.Instillation requires minimal test material,delivers an exact dose deep into the lung,and is less labor-intensive than inhalation exposures.However,one shortcoming is that the pro-cedure may induce short-term inflammation.To minimize this,we tested different modifications of the technique to identify the potential for refinement.Methods:First,we tested whether previous findings of increased inflammation could be confirmed.Next,we tested whether instillation with a disposable 1 mL syringe with ball-tipped steel-needle(Disposable-syringe/steel-needle)induced less inflammation than the use of our standard set-up,a 250μL reusable glass syringe with a disposable plastic catheter(Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter).Finally,we tested if access to pelleted and liquid feed prior to instillation affected inflammation.We evaluated inflammation by neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar fluid 24 h post-exposure.Results:Vehicle-instilled mice showed a small increase in neutrophil numbers com-pared to untreated mice.Neutrophil numbers were slightly elevated in the groups in-stilled with Disposable-syringe/steel-needle;an interaction with feed type indicated that the increase in neutrophils was more pronounced in combination with feed pel-lets compared to liquid feed.We found no difference between the feed types when using the Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination.Conclusion:The Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination induced the least exposure-related inflammation,confirming this as a preferred instillation procedure.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent postoperative chemotherapy were recruited.The participants in the control group(n=52)were offered a placebo(sunflower oil)daily,whereas those in the essential oil group(n=52)were administered Sanhua essential oil.This study evaluated depression improvement,Hamilton Depression Scale score,scores of symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score,incidence of nausea and vomiting,and signal changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Depression improved by 48.1%and 21.2%in the essential oil and control groups,respectively(P=.010).The Hamilton Depression Scale score(P=.017),scores for symptoms in TCM(P=.002),and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the acute and delayed phases were lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(nausea in the acute phase,P=.017;nausea in the delayed phase,P=.039;vomiting in the acute phase,P=.008;vomiting in the delayed phase,P=.081).The Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score was lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(P=.005).Significant differences existed between the two groups in the left superior parietal gyrus,right precuneus,left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,and right precentral gyrus according to functional connectivity on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Conclusion:Inhalation of Sanhua essential oil alleviated depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer,improved sleep quality,relieved TCM symptoms,reduced nausea and vomiting,and regulated activities in the brain regions.展开更多
Purpose:The aim was to synthesize quantitative and qualitative research that identified the most effective educational strategies for nurse-led inhaler technique(IT)education in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(C...Purpose:The aim was to synthesize quantitative and qualitative research that identified the most effective educational strategies for nurse-led inhaler technique(IT)education in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)patients,as perceived by patients,healthcare providers,and nurses.Methods:A systematic literature search in Embase,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and CINAHL from 2018 to 30 June 2024 was conducted.In total,327 articles were identified.The results of 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria were synthesized.Data were analyzed with des-criptive and semi-quantitative methods to yield summarizing findings on the effectiveness of different educational strate-gies.All investigations had assessed patient adherence to IT.Results:Data indicated that nurse-led IT teaching strategies are effective in promoting IT adherence and correctness in COPD patients utilizing the personalized Teach-Back method.However,studies in disease control and comparison of patient IT satisfaction and self-efficacy need further investigation.Conclusion:The results of this study may contribute to the understanding of the most effective educational strategies in nurse-led IT education for COPD patients.The synthesized findings can be used for the development of new educational interventions and assessment instruments for IT adherence.展开更多
This study explores the clinical efficacy of budesonide combined with ambroxol inhalation therapy for neonatal pneumonia.A total of 68 neonatal pneumonia patients treated at Li County Hospital from January 2023 to Dec...This study explores the clinical efficacy of budesonide combined with ambroxol inhalation therapy for neonatal pneumonia.A total of 68 neonatal pneumonia patients treated at Li County Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were randomly divided into a monotherapy group and a combination group,with 34 patients in each.The monotherapy group received ambroxol inhalation therapy,while the combination group received budesonide inhalation therapy in addition to ambroxol.The recovery progress,blood gas analysis indicators,inflammatory response improvement,and overall clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups.Results showed that the combination group experienced a significantly shorter time for body temperature normalization(3.36±0.58 days vs.4.59±0.45 days),oxygen inhalation duration(4.89±0.57min vs.6.96±0.79min),disappearance of shortness of breath and cough(4.56±0.29 days vs.6.63±0.75 days),and resolution of lung wet rales(5.62±1.46 days vs.7.92±1.28 days)compared to the monotherapy group(P<0.05).Additionally,the total effective rate was significantly higher in the combination group(97.06%)than in the monotherapy group(73.52%)(P<0.05).Post-treatment,the combination group exhibited significantly better blood gas analysis and inflammatory response indicators(P<0.05).These findings suggest that budesonide combined with ambroxol inhalation therapy can effectively improve blood oxygen saturation,reduce inflammation,promote faster recovery,and enhance overall clinical efficacy,making it a reliable treatment option for neonatal pneumonia.展开更多
Herein,porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres were prepared to load icariin andmiR-23b for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.The microspheres exhibited desirable aerodynamic diameter,high drug lo...Herein,porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres were prepared to load icariin andmiR-23b for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.The microspheres exhibited desirable aerodynamic diameter,high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency,as well as a favorable drug release profile,which was beneficial for the deposition and exposure of drugs in the lung tissues.The release solution from microspheres exhibited a favorable anti-proliferative effect by inducting cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase,and meanwhile inhibited the migration and invasion of cancer cells.More importantly,the microspheres could be effectively inhaled and accumulated in the lung tissues to trigger the in situ apoptosis of tumor cells and suppress metastasis,using mice bearing melanoma-metastatic lung cancer as a model.Furthermore,inhalation of themicrospheres showed favorable biocompatibility,barely causing tissue damage.Overall,porous PLGA microspheres provide a promising platform for the inhalable co-delivery of drugs and genes to obtain ideal therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Postpartum pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)complicated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia(HHT)is a rare condition.Diagnosing and treating PAH in patients with HHT can be challenging.To the best ...BACKGROUND Postpartum pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)complicated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia(HHT)is a rare condition.Diagnosing and treating PAH in patients with HHT can be challenging.To the best of our knowledge,no previous reports have investigated the efficacy of pulmonary vasodilators in improving hemodynamics in postpartum patients with this disease.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a postpartum case of HHT combined with PAH,pre-senting with worsening dyspnea.Genetic testing revealed that the patient carried a heterozygous variant of activin receptor-like kinase 1.The patient received various treatments,including diuretics,anticoagulants,sildenafil,macitentan,inhalation of nitric oxide,and iloprost.Changes in PaO2/FiO2,pulmonary artery systolic pressure as assessed by echocardiography,and N-terminus pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels suggested that,except for iloprost inhalation,the other treatments appeared to have limited efficacy.CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is the first report on efficacy of pulmonary vasodilators in postpartum patients with HHT and PAH.展开更多
Phencyclidine(PCP,known as angel dust) is a nonbarbiturate,non-narcotic intravenous(IV) anesthetic with potent analgesic effects.However,its medical use was discontinued because of postoperative agitation,disorientati...Phencyclidine(PCP,known as angel dust) is a nonbarbiturate,non-narcotic intravenous(IV) anesthetic with potent analgesic effects.However,its medical use was discontinued because of postoperative agitation,disorientation,psychosis,cardiotoxicity,and hallucinogenic effects.Consequently,the PCP began to be illicitly distributed.The use methods include snorting,inhalation,IV,and subcutaneous(SC) injection.[1-5] The characteristic toxidrome of PCP includes altered mental status,tachycardia,and nystagmus.At higher doses,patients may become comatose and develop sympathomimetic effects such as tachycardia,hypertension,hypersalivation,urinary retention,and bronchospasm.In cases of intoxication,the pupillary light reflex remains intact,although the pupil size may vary.[1,3-6] PCP has a direct cardiotoxic effect and may induce arrhythmias.[2] Hyperreflexia,muscle rigidity,choreiform movements and muscle fasciculations may occur.[2,4,6] PCP-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and alveolar hemorrhage(AH) are rare but potentially life-threatening complications.The main causes of non-traumatic death in patients with PCP intoxication include cardiopulmonary arrest,intracranial hemorrhage and rhabdomyolysis.[2,3,5] This case report aims to emphasize the management and potential benefits of inhaled N-acetylcysteine(NAC) and tranexamic acid(TXA)for PCP-induced ARDS and AH.展开更多
This clinical study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation in the treatment of hand,foot,and mouth disease in children.Sixty-six patients were selected as t...This clinical study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation in the treatment of hand,foot,and mouth disease in children.Sixty-six patients were selected as the research subjects by the random sampling method and divided into a control group and an observation group.The patients in the control group were treated with ribavirin injection and oral lysine-inositol-vitamin B12 solution,while the patients in the observation group received the treatment of the control group combined with recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation.The clinical effects of the two groups were compared to determine the clinical efficacy of the two treatment plans.The total effective rates of treatment were 78.79%in the control group and 90.91%in the observation group.The research confirmed that the clinical effect of recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation in the treatment of hand,foot,and mouth disease in children is remarkable.It can significantly improve the symptoms of children with hand,foot,and mouth disease and is suitable for clinical application and promotion.展开更多
文摘In recent years,the rising prevalence of respiratory diseases,coupled with advancements in biotechnology and pharmacology,has positioned inhalable formulations as a preferred method of drug administration.This approach enables direct and rapid delivery of medication to the lungs,maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing dosage and potential side effects.In this review,we meticulously examined current literature and clinical trial databases to present a comprehensive overview of three key areas:(1)inhalation devices currently utilized in clinical settings;(2)the clinical applications of approved inhalable formulations;and(3)preclinical research on inhalable treatments targeting various lung conditions,including pulmonary infections,tuberculosis,lung cancer,pulmonary fibrosis,as well as systemic diseases like Parkinson’s disease.The objective was to delve into both foundational research and the clinical use of inhalable formulations within the pharmaceutical field,with the aim of fostering their broader adoption and guiding the development of inhalable therapies for a more comprehensive range of diseases.
基金the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project of China (2002CB211604)
文摘The kinematical characteristics and thermophoretic deposition of inhalable particles with the diameters of 0-2.5μm （hereafter referred to as PM2.5） suspended in turbulent air flow in a rectangular duct with temperature distribution were experimentally studied. Particle dynamics analyzer （PDA） was used for the on-line measurement of particle motion and particle concentration distribution in the cross-sections of the duct. The influences of the parameters such as the ratio of the bulk air temperature to the cold wall temperature and the air flow rate in the duct on the kinematical characteristics and the deposition efficiencies of PM2.5 were investigated. The experimental re- sults show that the deposition efficiencies of PM2.5 mainly depend on the temperature difference between the air and the cold wail, wffile the air flow rate and the particlecon^centration almost affect hardly tile clep0si-tion-effi ciency. The radial force thermophoresis to push PM2.5 to the cold wail is found the key factor for PM2.5 deposition.Based on the experimental results, an empirical modified Romay correlation for the calculation of thermophoretic deposition efficiency of PM2.5 is presenlext. The empirical correlation agrees reasonably well with the experimental data.
文摘The geographical condition of Qingdao, China is relatively special;the transport of various inland pollutants, the emissions of marine aerosol and local pollutants will have an impact on the changes of atmospheric aerosol concentration. By using the stability classification method, trajectory clustering analysis and the NOAA HYSPLIT model, the seasonal distribution characteristics of atmospheric inhalable particulate matter concentration in Qingdao, China and its relationship with meteorological conditions, mixed layer height, and the seasonal characteristics of Qingdao pollutant transport were analyzed. The results show that the variation trends of PM2.5 and PM10 were about the same, and there are obvious seasonal differences, which are high in winter and spring, and low in summer and autumn. The concentration of inhalable particulate matter has a negative correlation with temperature, wind speed and relative humidity. The concentration of inhalable particulate matter is distinct in different relative humidity ranges. When the wind speed is less than 3 - 4 m/s, there are more inhalable particles, while the mass concentration shows obvious reduction with the wind speed more than 4 m/s. There is a significant negative correlation between the mass concentration of pollutants and the daily maximum mixed layer height. The larger the concentration of pollutants, the smaller the thickness of the daily largest mixed layer. Conversely, the smaller the mass concentration of pollutants, the larger the thickness of the daily largest mixed layer. The pollutant transport in Qingdao has obvious seasonal characteristics. The air mass in spring, autumn and winter is mainly medium-long distance transport from Mongolia and southern Russia, and medium-short distance transport from Inner Mongolia and northeast of China. The source of air masses in summer is mainly transported from the eastern and sea areas.
文摘Inhalation and atmospheric pollution studies have focused on particulate matter due to correlations and associations with various morbidities and mortalities. This research analyzed ambient concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM10) on the island of Curaçao in order to evaluate through comparative literature analysis and recommended public health guidelines the potential health risks. Available hourly, daily and monthly PM10 measurements were accessed from June 2010 through December 2014 from a local air monitoring station in Willemstad. Mean annual concentrations of PM10 (31 - 122 μg/m3) in Curaçao are among the highest reported globally, demonstrating an increasing trend over time and exceed current public health guidelines recommended by local and international agencies. While the epidemiological evidence is inadequate to infer a causal association between health effects and long-term exposures of the measured PM10 concentrations, the results indicate that emissions controls are not adequate for compliance with international exposure standards.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173150,82374392)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM(2023B1212060062)+3 种基金Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Admin-istration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202203)Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Emerging in-fectious diseases(202201020382)Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Chinese Medicine(20241121)Postdoctoral Program of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine(B1),the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program City-University Joint Funding Project(2024A03J0604).
文摘Acute lung injury(ALI)or its more severe form,acute respiratory distress syndrome,is a life-threatening disease closely associated with an imbalance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization.However,current therapeutic strategies for ALI are controversial due to their side effects,restricted administration routes,or poor targeted delivery.The development of herbal medicine has uncovered numerous anti-inflammatory compounds potentially beneficial for ALI therapy.One such compound is the bergapten,a coumarin,which has been isolated from Ficus simplicissima Lour.However,it’s been used as an anti-cancer drug and it’s effects on ALI remain unexplored.The poor solubility and biodistribution of bergapten heavily limit its application.In this timely report,we developed a bioactive and lung-targeting lipid-nanomedicine by integrating bergapten and DPPC liposome,named as Ber-lipo.A comprehensive series of in vitro experiments confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of Ber-lipo and its protective roles in maintaining the homeostasis of macrophage polarization and epithelial-endothelial integrity.In a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI mouse model,Ber-lipo can target inflamed lungs and significantly improve lung edema,tissue injury,and pulmonary function,relieve body weight loss,pulmonary permeability,and proinflammatory status,and especially maintain a balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization.Furthermore,RNA sequencing analysis showed Ber-lipo’s potential in effectively treating inflammatory lung diseases such as pneumonia,inhibiting proinflammatory signals,and altering the transcriptome of M1/M2 macrophages-associated genes in lung tissues.Molecular docking and Western blot analyses validated that Ber-lipo suppressed the acti-vation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling axis responsible for ALI progression.In conclusion,this study demonstrates for the first time that new inhalable nanomedicine(Ber-lipo)can target inflamed lungs and ameliorates ALI by reprogramming macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory state via inactivating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway,hence providing a promising strategy for enhanced ALI therapy in the clinic.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.22476031,22388101,and 22027810).
文摘Radiation-induced lung injury(RILI)is a severe side effect associated with radiotherapy for thoracic tumor.RILI is a complex pathological process encompassing early-stage pneumonia and late-stage pulmonary fibrosis,and the process is irreversible.Current research predominantly focuses on early-stage radiation pneumonia,while effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis remain lacking.Therefore,a comprehensive therapeutic strategy addressing both pneumonia and fibrosis is urgently needed for RILI.Micro-nano carriers offer new opportunities for inhalable drug delivery to the lungs,enabling efficient transport across multiple biological barriers for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.Herein,we developed an inhalable microsphere system,RP@BDC,with multilevel responsiveness,designed to meet the size requirements for pulmonary drug delivery and to intervene the entire progression of RILI.Resveratrol and siPAI-1 were chosen as therapeutic agents to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis-related proteins.Chitosan-based nanoparticles(RP@DC)were prepared to enhance drug stability and permeability.CaCO_(3) biomineralization endowed RP@BDC with acid-responsive particle size transformation properties.RP@BDC microspheres demonstrated excellent responsiveness,releasing drug-loaded nanoparticles in response to the radiation-induced acidic environment,thereby exerting therapeutic effects.In an RILI mouse model,RP@BDC effectively alleviated both radiation-induced inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis by reducing inflammatory factors production and inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1)expression.Furthermore,RP@BDC exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional corticosteroids drug.Overall,our multilevel responsive delivery platform offers a promising therapeutic strategy for the comprehensive treatment of RILI.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41977349).
文摘As the primary component of haze,atmospheric inhalable particulate matters(PMio)are highly detri-mental to human health.Biomass combustion is one of China's most pivotal sources to aerosols pollution,inducing non-negligible emissions and uncertain risks.PMio samples directly from 10 representative biomass fuel combustion sources(2 groups covering the reality widely:straws of rice,wheat,corn,corncob,soybean,peanut,rape,sesame;and branches of pine,peach)were collected using the dilution channel sampler and analyzed for chemical compositions and in vitro cytotoxicity to human lung epithelial cell lines A549.The components of PMio are dominated by organic carbon(OC),followed by Water-soluble K+and Cl,and rich in metals Fe,Zn,Cr,and Ni.Generally,PMio emitted from biomass fuel combustions can weaken the antioxidant capacity of cells,and straws emissions,especially rape and peanut straws,show stronger ability to further induce oxidative stress and inflammatory damage than fuelwoods,owing to the key toxic roles of Cr,Ni,and Co.Therefore,reducing the specific source emis--sions of PMio from crop straw combustions rich in heavy metals could be an effective oriented strategy to improve environmental air quality and control aerosols pollution precisely for protecting public health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41030213)the Macao Foundation for Development of Science and Technology (Grant No. 023/2006/A)
文摘Oxidative damage to plasmid DNA induced by airborne PM10 （particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less） is caused by the bioavailable （i.e., soluble） heavy metals on the particle surface. However, quantitative analyses of the links between PM10 and oxidative damage are limited. In this study, plasmid DNA assay and ICP-MS were applied to study oxidative capacity and trace element compositions, respectively, of summer and winter PM10 samples collected at several sites （Sun Yat Sen Municipal Park （SYSP） and Av. de Horta e Costa （AHC） on the Macao peninsula and Macao University on Tai- pa Island （TI）） in Macao. At AHC and TI, the oxidative capacity of PM10 collected in winter was higher than that collected in summer, for both the whole sample and the water-soluble fraction. In contrast, no seasonal variation was noted at SYSP. PMI0 exhibited the highest oxidative capacity at SYSP and lowest oxidative capacity at TI in both seasons, demonstrating that the PMl0 collected on the Macao peninsula had a higher toxicity than that from Taipa Island. ICP-MS analyses revealed that the concentrations of total analyzed trace elements and their water-soluble components in PMI0 from TI and AHC were higher in winter than in summer, whereas SYSP displayed the opposite trend. The extents of oxidative damage induced by the wa- ter-soluble fractions and intact whole particles were generally similar, implying that the oxidative damage caused by particles in Macao resulted mainly from the water-soluble fraction. The oxidative capacities of PM10 were positively correlated with both whole and soluble Zn at the 95% confidence level, indicating that Zn was the major element responsible for the oxidative damage caused by particles in Macao. Other heavy metals, such as Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, As, and Pb, also exhibited elevated concen- trations, and the potential health impacts of these metals should be considered.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFA0904200 and 2018YFA0507600)Tsinghua University Spring Breeze Fund(No.2020Z99CFY042)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92053108)Applications for Chinese patents related to chitosan-mediated inhalable nanovaccine has been submitted(Patent No.202111130951.7)。
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),with several antigenic variants,has grown into a global challenge,and the rapid establishment of an immune barrier is crucial to achieving long-term control of the virus.This has led to a great demand for easy preparation and scalable vaccines,especially in low-income countries.Here,we present an inhalable nanovaccine comprising chitosan and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.The chitosan-mediated nanovaccine enabled a strong spike-specific antibody immune response and augmented local mucosal immunity in bronchoalveolar lavage and lungs,which might be capable of protecting the host from infection without systemic toxicity.In addition,the enhanced adaptive immunity stimulated by chitosan showed potential protection against SARS-CoV-2.Furthermore,inhalation of the nanovaccine induced a comparable antibody response compared to intramuscular injection.This inhalable nanovaccine against SARS-CoV-2 offers a convenient and compliant strategy to reduce the use of needles and the need for medical staff.
基金funded by the Key R&D Programs of Shandong Province,China(Grant Nos.2018CXGC1411 and 2021CXGC010514).
文摘Due to the insufficient Cu^(+)accumulation,Cu^(+)efflux mechanism,and highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)in lung metastasis,the cuproptosis efficacy is limited.Herein,an inhalable nanodevice(CLDCu)is constructed to successfully overcome the drawbacks of cuproptosis.CLDCu consists of a Cu^(2+)-chitosan shell and low molecular weight heparin-tocopherol succinate(LMWH-TOS,LT)core with disulfiram(DSF)loading.The prepared CLDCu can be inhaled and accumulate in large amounts in lung lesions(63.6%)with 56.5 times higher than intravenous injection.Within tumor cells,the mild acidity triggers the co-release of DSF and Cu2+,thus generating bis(diethyldithiocarbamate)-copper(CuET)to block Cu^(+)efflux protein ATP7B and forming toxic Cu^(+),leading to enhanced cuproptosis.Meanwhile,the released chitosan cooperates with CLDCu-induced cuproptosis to activate stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway,which significantly potentiates dendritic cells(DCs)maturation,as wells as evokes innate and adaptive immunity.In lung metastatic mice model,CLDCu is found to induce cuproptosis and reverse the immunosuppressive TME by inhalation administration.Moreover,CLDCu combined with anti-programmed cell death protein ligand-1 antibody(aPD-L1)provokes stronger antitumor immunity.Therefore,nanomedicine that combines cuproptosis with STING activation is a novel strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
基金supported by the National Science Centre,Poland(project No 2019/35/B/ST5/01103)by the Program‘Excellence Initiative-Research University’for the AGH University of Science and Technology。
文摘Inhalation-administrated drugs remain an interesting possibility of addressing pulmonary diseases.Direct drug delivery to the lungs allows one to obtain high concentration in the site of action with limited systemic distribution,leading to a more effective therapy with reduced required doses and side effects.On the other hand,there are several difficulties in obtaining a formulation that would meet all the criteria related to physicochemical,aerodynamic and biological properties,which is the reason why only very few of the investigated systems can reach the clinical trial phase and proceed to everyday use as a result.Therefore,we focused on powders consisting of polysaccharides,lipids,proteins or natural and synthetic polymers in the form of microparticles that are delivered by inhalation to the lungs as drug carriers.We summarized the most common trends in research today to provide the best dry powders in the right fraction for inhalation that would be able to release the drug before being removed by natural mechanisms.This review article addresses the most common manufacturing methods with novel modifications,pros and cons of different materials,drug loading capacities with release profiles,and biological properties such as cytocompatibility,bactericidal or anticancer properties.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant(2023A1515011243)National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(82004141)+2 种基金Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Foundation under Grant(2022KJCX-ZJZL-11)Science,Technology,and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality under Grant(JCYJ20190808160407500)Shenzhen Bao’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Research Program under Grant(BAZYY20220701).
文摘Background:Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a refractory disease with limited treatment options.This study investigates the potential anti-PF effects of the herbal formula Yiqi Huatan Sanjie(YQHTSJ)administered via nebulized inhalation,exploring its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The anti-fibrotic properties of nebulized YQHTSJ were assessed using a bleomycin(BLM)-induced PF mouse model.RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs),and subsequent gene enrichment analysis,along with transcription factor(TF)prediction,revealed YQHTSJ-regulated DEGs.Active components and targets of YQHTSJ were retrieved from the HERB database,leading to the identification of key TFs interacting with DEGs.Quercetin,a constituent of YQHTSJ,was evaluated for its effects on transforming growth factor-β1-induced myofibroblast activation and BLM-induced PF.The direct binding interaction between quercetin and the key TF Jun proto-oncogene(JUN)was confirmed through molecular docking studies and the cellular thermal shift assay(CETSA)experiments.Results:Nebulized YQHTSJ was found to significantly inhibit PF and inflammation in the mouse model.RNA sequencing identified 135 DEGs regulated by YQHTSJ,and 27 key TFs associated with these DEGs were predicted.Among YQHTSJ’s potential targets,41 were identified as TFs,with six-JUN,Fos proto-oncogene,MYC proto-oncogene,RELA proto-oncogene,nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1,and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha-recognized as key TFs targeted by YQHTSJ.Molecular docking and CETSA experiments confirmed that quercetin directly targets JUN protein and inhibits its phosphorylation,thereby contributing to the suppression of myofibroblast activation and PF.Conclusion:The potential mechanisms of YQHTSJ and its component quercetin in combating PF may involve the regulation of critical TFs like JUN and the suppression of pathogenic gene expression.
基金This work was supported by the Focused Research Effort on Chemicals in the Working Environment(FFIKA)from the Danish Government.
文摘Background:Inhalation exposure is the gold standard when assessing pulmonary tox-icity.However,it typically requires substantial amounts of test material.Intratracheal instillation is an alternative administration technique,where the test substance is suspended in a liquid vehicle and deposited into the lung via the trachea.Instillation requires minimal test material,delivers an exact dose deep into the lung,and is less labor-intensive than inhalation exposures.However,one shortcoming is that the pro-cedure may induce short-term inflammation.To minimize this,we tested different modifications of the technique to identify the potential for refinement.Methods:First,we tested whether previous findings of increased inflammation could be confirmed.Next,we tested whether instillation with a disposable 1 mL syringe with ball-tipped steel-needle(Disposable-syringe/steel-needle)induced less inflammation than the use of our standard set-up,a 250μL reusable glass syringe with a disposable plastic catheter(Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter).Finally,we tested if access to pelleted and liquid feed prior to instillation affected inflammation.We evaluated inflammation by neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar fluid 24 h post-exposure.Results:Vehicle-instilled mice showed a small increase in neutrophil numbers com-pared to untreated mice.Neutrophil numbers were slightly elevated in the groups in-stilled with Disposable-syringe/steel-needle;an interaction with feed type indicated that the increase in neutrophils was more pronounced in combination with feed pel-lets compared to liquid feed.We found no difference between the feed types when using the Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination.Conclusion:The Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination induced the least exposure-related inflammation,confirming this as a preferred instillation procedure.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Project(82104952)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Medical Innovation Research Special Fund(21Y11923600,23Y11921600)+2 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Clinical Research Special Fund(202140172)Yueyang Hospital Translational Medicine Research Institute Level Fund(2024yyzh05)Yueyang Hospital Young Talent Training Project(RY411.07.02.04).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent postoperative chemotherapy were recruited.The participants in the control group(n=52)were offered a placebo(sunflower oil)daily,whereas those in the essential oil group(n=52)were administered Sanhua essential oil.This study evaluated depression improvement,Hamilton Depression Scale score,scores of symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score,incidence of nausea and vomiting,and signal changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Depression improved by 48.1%and 21.2%in the essential oil and control groups,respectively(P=.010).The Hamilton Depression Scale score(P=.017),scores for symptoms in TCM(P=.002),and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the acute and delayed phases were lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(nausea in the acute phase,P=.017;nausea in the delayed phase,P=.039;vomiting in the acute phase,P=.008;vomiting in the delayed phase,P=.081).The Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score was lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(P=.005).Significant differences existed between the two groups in the left superior parietal gyrus,right precuneus,left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,and right precentral gyrus according to functional connectivity on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Conclusion:Inhalation of Sanhua essential oil alleviated depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer,improved sleep quality,relieved TCM symptoms,reduced nausea and vomiting,and regulated activities in the brain regions.
文摘Purpose:The aim was to synthesize quantitative and qualitative research that identified the most effective educational strategies for nurse-led inhaler technique(IT)education in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)patients,as perceived by patients,healthcare providers,and nurses.Methods:A systematic literature search in Embase,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and CINAHL from 2018 to 30 June 2024 was conducted.In total,327 articles were identified.The results of 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria were synthesized.Data were analyzed with des-criptive and semi-quantitative methods to yield summarizing findings on the effectiveness of different educational strate-gies.All investigations had assessed patient adherence to IT.Results:Data indicated that nurse-led IT teaching strategies are effective in promoting IT adherence and correctness in COPD patients utilizing the personalized Teach-Back method.However,studies in disease control and comparison of patient IT satisfaction and self-efficacy need further investigation.Conclusion:The results of this study may contribute to the understanding of the most effective educational strategies in nurse-led IT education for COPD patients.The synthesized findings can be used for the development of new educational interventions and assessment instruments for IT adherence.
文摘This study explores the clinical efficacy of budesonide combined with ambroxol inhalation therapy for neonatal pneumonia.A total of 68 neonatal pneumonia patients treated at Li County Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024 were randomly divided into a monotherapy group and a combination group,with 34 patients in each.The monotherapy group received ambroxol inhalation therapy,while the combination group received budesonide inhalation therapy in addition to ambroxol.The recovery progress,blood gas analysis indicators,inflammatory response improvement,and overall clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups.Results showed that the combination group experienced a significantly shorter time for body temperature normalization(3.36±0.58 days vs.4.59±0.45 days),oxygen inhalation duration(4.89±0.57min vs.6.96±0.79min),disappearance of shortness of breath and cough(4.56±0.29 days vs.6.63±0.75 days),and resolution of lung wet rales(5.62±1.46 days vs.7.92±1.28 days)compared to the monotherapy group(P<0.05).Additionally,the total effective rate was significantly higher in the combination group(97.06%)than in the monotherapy group(73.52%)(P<0.05).Post-treatment,the combination group exhibited significantly better blood gas analysis and inflammatory response indicators(P<0.05).These findings suggest that budesonide combined with ambroxol inhalation therapy can effectively improve blood oxygen saturation,reduce inflammation,promote faster recovery,and enhance overall clinical efficacy,making it a reliable treatment option for neonatal pneumonia.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271319 and 32071267)the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province(YDZJ202301ZYTS537 and 20240402035GH)+1 种基金the Development and Reform Commission of Jilin Province(2023C015)the“Medicine+X”cross-innovation team of Bethune Medical Department of Jilin University“Leading the Charge with Open Competition”construction project(2022JBGS04).
文摘Herein,porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres were prepared to load icariin andmiR-23b for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.The microspheres exhibited desirable aerodynamic diameter,high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency,as well as a favorable drug release profile,which was beneficial for the deposition and exposure of drugs in the lung tissues.The release solution from microspheres exhibited a favorable anti-proliferative effect by inducting cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase,and meanwhile inhibited the migration and invasion of cancer cells.More importantly,the microspheres could be effectively inhaled and accumulated in the lung tissues to trigger the in situ apoptosis of tumor cells and suppress metastasis,using mice bearing melanoma-metastatic lung cancer as a model.Furthermore,inhalation of themicrospheres showed favorable biocompatibility,barely causing tissue damage.Overall,porous PLGA microspheres provide a promising platform for the inhalable co-delivery of drugs and genes to obtain ideal therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases.
基金Supported by the Shanghai Sailing Program,No.21YF1440300 and No.22YF1407700and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82200061.
文摘BACKGROUND Postpartum pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)complicated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia(HHT)is a rare condition.Diagnosing and treating PAH in patients with HHT can be challenging.To the best of our knowledge,no previous reports have investigated the efficacy of pulmonary vasodilators in improving hemodynamics in postpartum patients with this disease.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a postpartum case of HHT combined with PAH,pre-senting with worsening dyspnea.Genetic testing revealed that the patient carried a heterozygous variant of activin receptor-like kinase 1.The patient received various treatments,including diuretics,anticoagulants,sildenafil,macitentan,inhalation of nitric oxide,and iloprost.Changes in PaO2/FiO2,pulmonary artery systolic pressure as assessed by echocardiography,and N-terminus pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels suggested that,except for iloprost inhalation,the other treatments appeared to have limited efficacy.CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is the first report on efficacy of pulmonary vasodilators in postpartum patients with HHT and PAH.
文摘Phencyclidine(PCP,known as angel dust) is a nonbarbiturate,non-narcotic intravenous(IV) anesthetic with potent analgesic effects.However,its medical use was discontinued because of postoperative agitation,disorientation,psychosis,cardiotoxicity,and hallucinogenic effects.Consequently,the PCP began to be illicitly distributed.The use methods include snorting,inhalation,IV,and subcutaneous(SC) injection.[1-5] The characteristic toxidrome of PCP includes altered mental status,tachycardia,and nystagmus.At higher doses,patients may become comatose and develop sympathomimetic effects such as tachycardia,hypertension,hypersalivation,urinary retention,and bronchospasm.In cases of intoxication,the pupillary light reflex remains intact,although the pupil size may vary.[1,3-6] PCP has a direct cardiotoxic effect and may induce arrhythmias.[2] Hyperreflexia,muscle rigidity,choreiform movements and muscle fasciculations may occur.[2,4,6] PCP-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and alveolar hemorrhage(AH) are rare but potentially life-threatening complications.The main causes of non-traumatic death in patients with PCP intoxication include cardiopulmonary arrest,intracranial hemorrhage and rhabdomyolysis.[2,3,5] This case report aims to emphasize the management and potential benefits of inhaled N-acetylcysteine(NAC) and tranexamic acid(TXA)for PCP-induced ARDS and AH.
文摘This clinical study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation in the treatment of hand,foot,and mouth disease in children.Sixty-six patients were selected as the research subjects by the random sampling method and divided into a control group and an observation group.The patients in the control group were treated with ribavirin injection and oral lysine-inositol-vitamin B12 solution,while the patients in the observation group received the treatment of the control group combined with recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation.The clinical effects of the two groups were compared to determine the clinical efficacy of the two treatment plans.The total effective rates of treatment were 78.79%in the control group and 90.91%in the observation group.The research confirmed that the clinical effect of recombinant human interferonα2b nebulization inhalation in the treatment of hand,foot,and mouth disease in children is remarkable.It can significantly improve the symptoms of children with hand,foot,and mouth disease and is suitable for clinical application and promotion.
