Liquid crystal emulsifiers are widely used in skincare formulations due to their unique structural properties.In formulation development,components such as thickeners,oils,and co-emulsifiers significantly affect liqui...Liquid crystal emulsifiers are widely used in skincare formulations due to their unique structural properties.In formulation development,components such as thickeners,oils,and co-emulsifiers significantly affect liquid crystal formation.Using polyglyceryl-10 stearate as an emulsifier,we investigated the effects of thickeners,oils,higher alcohols,and fatty acids on liquid crystal structure through controlled single-factor experiments.The results showed that xanthan gum(thickener),pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate(oil),and cetearyl alcohol(higher alcohol)produced optimal liquid crystal formation,with fatty acids providing additional benefits.Homogenization speed had the most pronounced impact-both excessively high and low speeds negatively affected the liquid crystal structure.展开更多
Underground fires are characterized by smouldering combustion with a slow rate of spread rate and without flames.Although smouldering combustion releases large amounts of gaseous pollutants,it is difficult to discover...Underground fires are characterized by smouldering combustion with a slow rate of spread rate and without flames.Although smouldering combustion releases large amounts of gaseous pollutants,it is difficult to discover by today's forest fire monitoring technologies.Carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))were identified as high concentration marker gases of smouldering combustion-easily-be monitored.According to a two-way ANOVA,combustion time had a significant impact on CO and NO_(x) emissions;smoldering-depth also had a significant impact on NO_(x) emissions but not on CO emissions.Gas emission equations were established by multiple linear regression,C_(co)=156.989-16.626 t and C_(NOx)=3.637-0.252 t-0.039 h.展开更多
文摘Liquid crystal emulsifiers are widely used in skincare formulations due to their unique structural properties.In formulation development,components such as thickeners,oils,and co-emulsifiers significantly affect liquid crystal formation.Using polyglyceryl-10 stearate as an emulsifier,we investigated the effects of thickeners,oils,higher alcohols,and fatty acids on liquid crystal structure through controlled single-factor experiments.The results showed that xanthan gum(thickener),pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate(oil),and cetearyl alcohol(higher alcohol)produced optimal liquid crystal formation,with fatty acids providing additional benefits.Homogenization speed had the most pronounced impact-both excessively high and low speeds negatively affected the liquid crystal structure.
基金supported financially by the National Key Research and Development Plan(2018YFD0600205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971669)。
文摘Underground fires are characterized by smouldering combustion with a slow rate of spread rate and without flames.Although smouldering combustion releases large amounts of gaseous pollutants,it is difficult to discover by today's forest fire monitoring technologies.Carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))were identified as high concentration marker gases of smouldering combustion-easily-be monitored.According to a two-way ANOVA,combustion time had a significant impact on CO and NO_(x) emissions;smoldering-depth also had a significant impact on NO_(x) emissions but not on CO emissions.Gas emission equations were established by multiple linear regression,C_(co)=156.989-16.626 t and C_(NOx)=3.637-0.252 t-0.039 h.
