How has the informality of urban slums exposed a gap in policy formulation and research questions in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic?This paper seeks to identify the appropriate questions an...How has the informality of urban slums exposed a gap in policy formulation and research questions in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic?This paper seeks to identify the appropriate questions and policy frame that would assist future researchers and policymakers on the subject of pandemics in densely populated urban settlements.The authors argue that the nexus between asking the appropriate questions and developing appropriate policy response measures during a pandemic can significantly impact the outcome of the response.The paper examines how the government of Kenya's response to the COVID-19 pandemic reveals a deep-rooted socio-economic and cultural inequality when"blanket"policies are adopted without taking into consideration the tnique dynamics characterizing the society.The findings show that the effectiveness of implementing COVID-19 containment policies such as lockdowns,the cession of movement,working from home,distance learning,and social distancing are affected by other factors such as the nature of jobs,one's income levels,where someone lives,cultural beliefs,access to water,sanitation,intemet,and medical facilities.This means that a significant number of people within the society experience a double tragedy from the pandemic and impact of government response measures.Yet most of the existing literature has focused on the causes,spread,and impact of the pandemic on health institutions,economies,and public health with little emphasis on the impact on policy measures especially on the vulnerable segments of the society.This paper,therefore,looks at the question of how the various public health intervention strategies disrupt or construct the livelihood of the already complex informal settlement.It provides policymakers and researchers with a number of questions that can frame policy and research during a pandemic with important consideration to urban informality.展开更多
Related to the academic topic on innovation and development of information-communication industries,a dualist distinction between formal and informal economy has drawn a lot of research interests in the academy circle...Related to the academic topic on innovation and development of information-communication industries,a dualist distinction between formal and informal economy has drawn a lot of research interests in the academy circle in recent years.In this essay,we discussed the background of Shenzhen’s leapfrog development as a Chinese economic special zone thanks to several policy advantages and the endeavor of itself as a principal part in the framework of China’s market economy reform.Despite the problem of informal economy for citizen’s living,we mainly focused on the positive effect of Shenzhen’s informal economy as flexibility of capital-labor effective coordination.Based on the analysis of the evolution of Shenzhen’s city construction and industrial development,and the analysis on the four development stages that Shenzhen had witnessed,we expect more practical and theoretical summary of its experience for all the developing countries.展开更多
为了保证运维阶段桥梁结构安全,提升桥梁运维工作的效率,开展公路混凝土梁式桥运维阶段建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)技术应用研究。在对公路桥梁现行编码体系进行扩展的基础上,提出1种参数化快速建模方法,以快速完...为了保证运维阶段桥梁结构安全,提升桥梁运维工作的效率,开展公路混凝土梁式桥运维阶段建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)技术应用研究。在对公路桥梁现行编码体系进行扩展的基础上,提出1种参数化快速建模方法,以快速完成桥梁构件族的创建与整体模型的集成。借助Autodesk Revit软件应用程序编程接口(application programming interface,API),采用C#语言,开发公路混凝土梁式桥智慧运维状态评估系统,以实际工程应用进行验证分析。研究结果表明:全面统一的桥梁信息编码体系,能够提高桥梁信息统计与检索效率;提出的快速建模方法能够显著减少建模工作量,建模时间较传统建模方法可减少60%,并保证模型的准确性与规范性;运维状态评估系统能够实现养护数据的充分利用与桥梁评定工作的自动化,通过对桥梁运维信息的有效组织,实现服役性能的长期追踪,从而确保运营期桥梁结构状态安全稳定。研究结果可为公路混凝土梁式桥运维管理提供技术支撑,提升桥梁运维的数字化水平。展开更多
文摘How has the informality of urban slums exposed a gap in policy formulation and research questions in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic?This paper seeks to identify the appropriate questions and policy frame that would assist future researchers and policymakers on the subject of pandemics in densely populated urban settlements.The authors argue that the nexus between asking the appropriate questions and developing appropriate policy response measures during a pandemic can significantly impact the outcome of the response.The paper examines how the government of Kenya's response to the COVID-19 pandemic reveals a deep-rooted socio-economic and cultural inequality when"blanket"policies are adopted without taking into consideration the tnique dynamics characterizing the society.The findings show that the effectiveness of implementing COVID-19 containment policies such as lockdowns,the cession of movement,working from home,distance learning,and social distancing are affected by other factors such as the nature of jobs,one's income levels,where someone lives,cultural beliefs,access to water,sanitation,intemet,and medical facilities.This means that a significant number of people within the society experience a double tragedy from the pandemic and impact of government response measures.Yet most of the existing literature has focused on the causes,spread,and impact of the pandemic on health institutions,economies,and public health with little emphasis on the impact on policy measures especially on the vulnerable segments of the society.This paper,therefore,looks at the question of how the various public health intervention strategies disrupt or construct the livelihood of the already complex informal settlement.It provides policymakers and researchers with a number of questions that can frame policy and research during a pandemic with important consideration to urban informality.
文摘Related to the academic topic on innovation and development of information-communication industries,a dualist distinction between formal and informal economy has drawn a lot of research interests in the academy circle in recent years.In this essay,we discussed the background of Shenzhen’s leapfrog development as a Chinese economic special zone thanks to several policy advantages and the endeavor of itself as a principal part in the framework of China’s market economy reform.Despite the problem of informal economy for citizen’s living,we mainly focused on the positive effect of Shenzhen’s informal economy as flexibility of capital-labor effective coordination.Based on the analysis of the evolution of Shenzhen’s city construction and industrial development,and the analysis on the four development stages that Shenzhen had witnessed,we expect more practical and theoretical summary of its experience for all the developing countries.
