In multi-infeed HVDC system, the interactions and influences between DC systems AC systems are complex as the electrical distances among DC converter stations which are relatively short. Multi-infeed interaction facto...In multi-infeed HVDC system, the interactions and influences between DC systems AC systems are complex as the electrical distances among DC converter stations which are relatively short. Multi-infeed interaction factor (MIIF) can effectively reflect the interaction among DC systems. The paper theoretically analyzes the impact factors of MIIF like the electrical distances between two DC converter stations and the equivalent impedance of the receiving end AC system. By applying the Kirchhoff’s current law on the inverter AC bus, the paper deduces the analytical expressions for MIIF. From the expression, it is clear how the equivalent impedance of AC system and coupling impedance can affect MIIF. PSCAD simulations validate the effectiveness and the correctness of the proposed expression and some useful conclusions are drawn.展开更多
Adenomyosis (AD) refers to the endometrium (including glands and stroma) into myometrium gr owth of pathological changes, with the delay of women's childbea ring age, the pa ti ents with AD-associated infertility ...Adenomyosis (AD) refers to the endometrium (including glands and stroma) into myometrium gr owth of pathological changes, with the delay of women's childbea ring age, the pa ti ents with AD-associated infertility increased significantly. Although scholars disagreed about the effect of AD on infertility, more and more evidence showed that AD was closely related to the str uct ural and func ti onal defects of the eutopic endomet rium and myomet rial junc tional zone (MJZ), which may lead to embryo implantation failure and infertility. With the rapid development of imaging technology, the accuracy of diagnose AD has been enhanced, more and more infertility patients were diagnosed with AD. At the same time, a series of pathogenic hypothesis have been proposed to explain the relationship between AD. In addition, AD may influence the patient's reproductive function by affecting sperm transport, embryo implantation, altering uterine peristalsis, influencing the structure and function of endometrium, and changing the intrauterine environment. At present, the treatment of AD-associated infertility is similar to the treatment of AD. The commonly used treatment methods include drug therapy, conservative operative treatment, drug combination surgery, and Chinese medicine treatment and so on. The clinical and experimental studies of AD complicated with infertility and its possible pathogenesis and treatment in recent years are reviewed in this article.展开更多
More and more high voltage direct current(HVDC) converters are being located in a load area in the Yangtze River Delta Region in China. It's large transmission capacity and intensive placement are hardly seen in o...More and more high voltage direct current(HVDC) converters are being located in a load area in the Yangtze River Delta Region in China. It's large transmission capacity and intensive placement are hardly seen in other countries. Accurate and reliable study tools and methods are extremely needed for power system engineers and researchers to deal with such problems which were never met before and otherwhere. A novel approach on electromagnetic modeling of alternating current / direct current(AC/DC) system is proposed and simulation is carried out to replay a real AC 3-phase to ground fault on a multi-infeed high voltage direct current(MIHVDC) system. AC system is specially simplified. Dynamic models and real parameters are adopted in main AC/DC equipments concerned and retained. Modeling and simulation are based on the power system computer aided design/electro-magnetic transient in direct current(PSCAD/EMTDC) system software package.Comparisons between simulation results and the records from the fault recorders are studied including both AC and DC quantities.展开更多
基于电网换相换流器(line commutation converter,LCC)的特高压直流输电系统(ultra-high voltage direct current,UHVDC)是远距离大容量输电的主要技术手段。为尽可能避免系统稳定裕度不足带来的直流降功率事件,提出一种频率偏差与电压...基于电网换相换流器(line commutation converter,LCC)的特高压直流输电系统(ultra-high voltage direct current,UHVDC)是远距离大容量输电的主要技术手段。为尽可能避免系统稳定裕度不足带来的直流降功率事件,提出一种频率偏差与电压刚度约束下的多直流馈入受端电网优化调度方法。首先,基于一次调频模型,推导出频率稳定性对系统中最大直流输送功率的约束条件;其次,提出评价多直流同时换相失败恢复特性的电压刚度指标,并基于该指标建立多直流馈入受端电网的电压稳定约束;然后,综合考虑频率和电压稳定约束以及多种运行约束的情况下,建立多直流馈入受端电网优化调度模型;最后,在一个改进的IEEE 39节点系统中进行测试。结果表明,所提方法能够通过改变开机方式和直流功率,保证系统频率和电压稳定性满足要求,避免强直弱交带来的安全稳定风险。展开更多
文摘In multi-infeed HVDC system, the interactions and influences between DC systems AC systems are complex as the electrical distances among DC converter stations which are relatively short. Multi-infeed interaction factor (MIIF) can effectively reflect the interaction among DC systems. The paper theoretically analyzes the impact factors of MIIF like the electrical distances between two DC converter stations and the equivalent impedance of the receiving end AC system. By applying the Kirchhoff’s current law on the inverter AC bus, the paper deduces the analytical expressions for MIIF. From the expression, it is clear how the equivalent impedance of AC system and coupling impedance can affect MIIF. PSCAD simulations validate the effectiveness and the correctness of the proposed expression and some useful conclusions are drawn.
文摘Adenomyosis (AD) refers to the endometrium (including glands and stroma) into myometrium gr owth of pathological changes, with the delay of women's childbea ring age, the pa ti ents with AD-associated infertility increased significantly. Although scholars disagreed about the effect of AD on infertility, more and more evidence showed that AD was closely related to the str uct ural and func ti onal defects of the eutopic endomet rium and myomet rial junc tional zone (MJZ), which may lead to embryo implantation failure and infertility. With the rapid development of imaging technology, the accuracy of diagnose AD has been enhanced, more and more infertility patients were diagnosed with AD. At the same time, a series of pathogenic hypothesis have been proposed to explain the relationship between AD. In addition, AD may influence the patient's reproductive function by affecting sperm transport, embryo implantation, altering uterine peristalsis, influencing the structure and function of endometrium, and changing the intrauterine environment. At present, the treatment of AD-associated infertility is similar to the treatment of AD. The commonly used treatment methods include drug therapy, conservative operative treatment, drug combination surgery, and Chinese medicine treatment and so on. The clinical and experimental studies of AD complicated with infertility and its possible pathogenesis and treatment in recent years are reviewed in this article.
文摘More and more high voltage direct current(HVDC) converters are being located in a load area in the Yangtze River Delta Region in China. It's large transmission capacity and intensive placement are hardly seen in other countries. Accurate and reliable study tools and methods are extremely needed for power system engineers and researchers to deal with such problems which were never met before and otherwhere. A novel approach on electromagnetic modeling of alternating current / direct current(AC/DC) system is proposed and simulation is carried out to replay a real AC 3-phase to ground fault on a multi-infeed high voltage direct current(MIHVDC) system. AC system is specially simplified. Dynamic models and real parameters are adopted in main AC/DC equipments concerned and retained. Modeling and simulation are based on the power system computer aided design/electro-magnetic transient in direct current(PSCAD/EMTDC) system software package.Comparisons between simulation results and the records from the fault recorders are studied including both AC and DC quantities.
文摘基于电网换相换流器(line commutation converter,LCC)的特高压直流输电系统(ultra-high voltage direct current,UHVDC)是远距离大容量输电的主要技术手段。为尽可能避免系统稳定裕度不足带来的直流降功率事件,提出一种频率偏差与电压刚度约束下的多直流馈入受端电网优化调度方法。首先,基于一次调频模型,推导出频率稳定性对系统中最大直流输送功率的约束条件;其次,提出评价多直流同时换相失败恢复特性的电压刚度指标,并基于该指标建立多直流馈入受端电网的电压稳定约束;然后,综合考虑频率和电压稳定约束以及多种运行约束的情况下,建立多直流馈入受端电网优化调度模型;最后,在一个改进的IEEE 39节点系统中进行测试。结果表明,所提方法能够通过改变开机方式和直流功率,保证系统频率和电压稳定性满足要求,避免强直弱交带来的安全稳定风险。
