To know about the radiation effects on the super large array 9 k×9 k CCDs used in a space telescope induced by energetic protons,the experiments of the super large array 9 k×9 k charge coupled devices(CCDs)u...To know about the radiation effects on the super large array 9 k×9 k CCDs used in a space telescope induced by energetic protons,the experiments of the super large array 9 k×9 k charge coupled devices(CCDs)used in the space telescope irradiated by 60 MeV and 100 MeV protons are presented.The samples were exposed by 60 MeV and 100 MeV protons at fluences of 5×10^(9)/cm^(2) and 1×10^(10)/cm^(2),respectively.The degradations of the main performance parameters of the super large array CCDs which are paid special attention to the space telescope are investigated.The full well capacity,mean dark current,and the charge transfer inefficiency(CTI)versus proton fluence are presented,which are tested at very low temperature of-85℃.The annealing tests of 168 h were carried out after proton irradiation.The dark images before and after proton irradiation are also presented to compare the image degradation.The degradation mechanisms of the super large array CCDs irradiated by protons are analyzed.The experimental results show that the main performance parameters of the CCDs are degraded after 60 MeV and 100 MeV protons and the degradations induced by 60 MeV protons are larger than that induced by 100 MeV protons.The experimental results of the super large array CCDs irradiated by protons will provide the basic test data support for orbit life assessment of the space telescope.展开更多
The governance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)has long been central to political and institutional economic debates.Critics often associate SOEs with ine"ciency,rent-seeking and dogma,treating them as relics of ...The governance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)has long been central to political and institutional economic debates.Critics often associate SOEs with ine"ciency,rent-seeking and dogma,treating them as relics of command economies.Yet in many developmental states,they have been engines of industrialisation,technological progress and national resilience.China provides perhaps the most striking example.Its SOEs have survived and evolved,some becoming globally competitive multinationals in energy,infrastructure and telecommunications.展开更多
基金The National Science Foundation of China(U2167208,11875223)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2024JC-JCQN)The Foundation of State Key Laboratory of China(NKLIPR2320)。
文摘To know about the radiation effects on the super large array 9 k×9 k CCDs used in a space telescope induced by energetic protons,the experiments of the super large array 9 k×9 k charge coupled devices(CCDs)used in the space telescope irradiated by 60 MeV and 100 MeV protons are presented.The samples were exposed by 60 MeV and 100 MeV protons at fluences of 5×10^(9)/cm^(2) and 1×10^(10)/cm^(2),respectively.The degradations of the main performance parameters of the super large array CCDs which are paid special attention to the space telescope are investigated.The full well capacity,mean dark current,and the charge transfer inefficiency(CTI)versus proton fluence are presented,which are tested at very low temperature of-85℃.The annealing tests of 168 h were carried out after proton irradiation.The dark images before and after proton irradiation are also presented to compare the image degradation.The degradation mechanisms of the super large array CCDs irradiated by protons are analyzed.The experimental results show that the main performance parameters of the CCDs are degraded after 60 MeV and 100 MeV protons and the degradations induced by 60 MeV protons are larger than that induced by 100 MeV protons.The experimental results of the super large array CCDs irradiated by protons will provide the basic test data support for orbit life assessment of the space telescope.
文摘The governance of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)has long been central to political and institutional economic debates.Critics often associate SOEs with ine"ciency,rent-seeking and dogma,treating them as relics of command economies.Yet in many developmental states,they have been engines of industrialisation,technological progress and national resilience.China provides perhaps the most striking example.Its SOEs have survived and evolved,some becoming globally competitive multinationals in energy,infrastructure and telecommunications.
