Structural regulation of Pd-based electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination(EHDC)catalyst for constructing high-efficient cathode materials with low noble metal content and high atom utilization is crucial but still challe...Structural regulation of Pd-based electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination(EHDC)catalyst for constructing high-efficient cathode materials with low noble metal content and high atom utilization is crucial but still challenging.Herein,a support electron inductive effect of Pd-Mn/Ni foam catalyst was proposed via in-situ Mn doping to optimize the electronic structure of the Ni foam(NF),which can inductive regulation of Pd for improving the EHDC performance.The mass activity and current efficiency of Pd-Mn/NF catalyst are 2.91 and 1.34 times superior to that of Pd/NF with 2,4-dichlorophenol as model compound,respectively.The Mn-doped interlayer optimized the electronic structure of Pd by bringing the d-state closer to the Fermi level than Pd on the NF surface,which optimizied the binding of EHDC intermediates.Additionally,the Mn-doped interlayer acted as a promoter for generating H∗and accelerating the EHDC reaction.This work presents a simple and effective regulation strategy for constructing high-efficient cathode catalyst for the EHDC of chlorinated organic compounds.展开更多
To solve the ambiguous understanding of Grammar Teaching position,based on explicit grammatical knowledge,this paper discusses the grammar position in EFL,compares both its pros and cons between deductive and inductiv...To solve the ambiguous understanding of Grammar Teaching position,based on explicit grammatical knowledge,this paper discusses the grammar position in EFL,compares both its pros and cons between deductive and inductive approaches,and indicates that grammar teaching by either approach alone has disadvantages,should adopt a combination technique.展开更多
The investigation of reaction kinetics is the key to understanding the nature of reaction processes.However,monitoring fast photochemical reactions by mass spectrometry remains challenging.Herein,we developed an optic...The investigation of reaction kinetics is the key to understanding the nature of reaction processes.However,monitoring fast photochemical reactions by mass spectrometry remains challenging.Herein,we developed an optical focusing inductive electrospray(OF-iESI)mass spectrometry platform for real-time and in-situ photoreaction monitoring.Coaxial irradiation from back of nanoelectrospray emitter with a taper section was utilized,so the emitter could act as optical lens to help achieving much larger optical power density at emitter tip compared to other sections,which allowed for in-situ reaction monitoring of photoreactions.Through theoretical calculations,the highest optical power density region volume was ca.45 nL.We also integrated a controller for the laser source(450 nm),enabling the modulation of pulse duration(>1 ms).This facilitates the study of photochemical reaction kinetics.The in-situ capability of this device was proved by capturing the short-lived photogenerated intermediates during the dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinoline.This device was further used to investigate the kinetics of triplet energy transfer based Paternò-Büchi reaction.The reaction order has hitherto remained undetermined while the result of OF-iESI suggested it followed pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics.The short-lived donor-acceptor collision complex intermediate was also successfully identified by tandem mass spectrometry.展开更多
Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish is crucial for providing meaningful consumption guidelines that allow the public to make informed decisions regarding its consumption.While marine fish have attractedmuch research...Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish is crucial for providing meaningful consumption guidelines that allow the public to make informed decisions regarding its consumption.While marine fish have attractedmuch research interest due to their higher arsenic content,research on freshwater fish is limited due to the challenges in quantifying and identifying arsenic species present at trace levels.We describe here a sensitivemethod and its application to the quantification of arsenic species in freshwater fish.Arsenic species from fish tissues were extracted using a methanol/water mixture(1:1 vol.ratio)and ultrasound sonication.Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)enabled separation of arsenobetaine(AsB),inorganic arsenite(iAs^(Ⅲ)),dimethylarsinic acid(DMA),monomethylarsonic acid(MMA),inorganic arsenate(iAs^(Ⅴ)),and three new arsenic species.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPMS)provided highly sensitive and specific detection of arsenic.A limit of detection of 0.25μg/kg(wet weight fish tissue)was achieved for the five target arsenic species:AsB,iAs^(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,and iAs^(Ⅴ).A series of experimentswere conducted to ensure the accuracy and validity of the analytical method.The method was successfully applied to the determination of arsenic species in lakewhitefish,northern pike,and walleye,with AsB,DMA,and iAs^(Ⅴ) being frequently detected.Three new arsenic species were detected,but their chromatographic retention times did not match with those of any available arsenic standards.Future research is necessary to elucidate the identity of these new arsenic species detected in freshwater fish.展开更多
This work continues the studies on searching for plasma media with the inverse electron energy distribution function(EEDF)and providing recommendations for setting up subsequent experiments.The inverse EEDF is a distr...This work continues the studies on searching for plasma media with the inverse electron energy distribution function(EEDF)and providing recommendations for setting up subsequent experiments.The inverse EEDF is a distribution function that increases with an increase in energy at zero electron energy.The inverse EEDF plays a central role in the problem of negative conductivity.Based on the previously obtained criterion for the formation of an inverse EEDF in a spatially inhomogeneous plasma,a heuristic method is proposed that allows one to avoid resource-intensive calculations for spatially two-dimensional(2D)kinetic modeling on a large array of different glow discharges.It is shown that the conditions for EEDF inversion can be realized in two-chamber discharge structures due to violating the known Boltzmann distribution for electron density.The theoretical conclusions are validated by numerical modeling of lowpressure two-chamber inductively-coupled plasma(ICP)discharges in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment.As a result,areas of conditions with inverse EEDF were found for subsequent detailed kinetic analysis and experimental studies.展开更多
Directional design of efficient catalysts for volatile organic compounds degradation remains a complex,yet effective and challenging process.Herein,oxygen-rich vacancy Co_(3)O_(4)-anchored Pt catalysts were prepared t...Directional design of efficient catalysts for volatile organic compounds degradation remains a complex,yet effective and challenging process.Herein,oxygen-rich vacancy Co_(3)O_(4)-anchored Pt catalysts were prepared through atom-trapping strategy and relevant vacancy defect inductive effect was proposed.The 0.6Pt/VO-Co_(3)O_(4)catalyst presented a reaction rate value of 32.2×10^(-5)mol·g_(cat)^(-1)·s^(-1)at 160℃for catalytic propane total oxidation,which was nearly 5 times the reaction rate of Co_(3)O_(4)(6.7×10^(-5)mol·g_(cat)^(-1)·s^(-1)).Also,it exhibited excellent water-resistance and catalytic stability.The Pt atoms were stabilized on the Co_(3)O_(4)surface by vacancy defects to improve dispersion.Meanwhile,the vacancy defect inductive effect induced stronger electron interaction between Pt and Co_(3)O_(4)on the surface,thus promote the redox ability at low-temperature.The mobility and oxygen-activating ability of surface lattice oxygen were also strengthened by the vacancy defect inductive effect.This facilitated the generation of more surface-active oxygen species for the cleavage of C-H bond and the deep oxidation of intermediate species.Overall,this study proposed a novel concept the fabrication of highly efficient catalysts for the purpose of catalytic oxidation.展开更多
This study applied both inductive approach and deductive approach with multimedia assistance into an English grammar class on the acquisition of subjunctive mood. It aimed to investigate whether this kind of teaching ...This study applied both inductive approach and deductive approach with multimedia assistance into an English grammar class on the acquisition of subjunctive mood. It aimed to investigate whether this kind of teaching approach, as a general grammar pedagogy, would improve the efficiency of students＇ acquisition of certain grammar points. This study results from comparison and contrast between one same class on the acquisition of subjunctive mood to 70 students in total, employing three different teaching methods： inductive approach with multimedia assistance （method 1）, deductive approach with multimedia assistance （method 2）, and both inductive approach and deductive approach with multimedia assistance （method 3）, based on self-reported reflection on the experiment, observation of students＇ learning process, students＇ pre-test and after-class evaluation test results, and surveys. Two identical experiments were conducted to two groups of students of different levels of language proficiency to increase the generalizability of the results. Findings revealed that the evaluation test score of the grammatical points taught with method 3 is much higher than those taught with the other two methods, and most students felt positive about method 3. Students nevertheless encounter obvious difficulties in inductive approach, indicating certain lack of self-learning skills in Chinese students展开更多
Enhancing plasma uniformity can be achieved by modifying coil and chamber structures in radio frequency inductively coupled plasma(ICP)to meet the demand for large-area and uniformly distributed plasma in industrial m...Enhancing plasma uniformity can be achieved by modifying coil and chamber structures in radio frequency inductively coupled plasma(ICP)to meet the demand for large-area and uniformly distributed plasma in industrial manufacturing.This study utilized a two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model to investigate how different coil configurations and chamber aspect ratios affect the radial uniformity of plasma in radio frequency ICP.The findings indicate that optimizing the radial spacing of the coil enhances plasma uniformity but with a reduction in electron density.Furthermore,optimizing the coil within the ICP reactor,using the interior point method in the Interior Point Optimizer significantly enhances plasma uniformity,elevating it from 56%to 96%within the range of the model sizes.Additionally,when the chamber aspect ratio k changes from 2.8 to 4.7,the plasma distribution changes from a center-high to a saddleshaped distribution.Moreover,the plasma uniformity becomes worse.Finally,adjusting process parameters,such as increasing source power and gas pressure,can enhance plasma uniformity.These findings contribute to optimizing the etching process by improving plasma radial uniformity.展开更多
To efficiently remove perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),we developed a composite of magnetic Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocrystals and MIL-101(an iron-based metal organic framework).Because of its high surface area,porous structure,and ...To efficiently remove perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),we developed a composite of magnetic Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocrystals and MIL-101(an iron-based metal organic framework).Because of its high surface area,porous structure,and complexation between PFOA as confirmed by experimental results and density functional theory simulation,the magnetic composite showed a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 415 mg/g in the presence of various groundwater components,and thus adsorbed PFOA at environment-relevant concentration within 20 min.The catalyst loaded with PFOA can then be magnetically separated from the synthetic groundwater.This adsorption step concentrated PFOA near MIL-101 and resulted in a fast decomposition rate in the decomposition step,where MIL-101 served as an efficient Fenton agent due to its abundant Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)sites.Meanwhile,the alternative magnetic field was introduced to change the production pathway of reactive oxygen species and superoxide radical anions were produced,which was critical for PFOA degradation.In addition,the inductive heating effect heat the magnetic particles to445 K through an in-situ approach,which thus further accelerated Fenton reactions rate.In addition,and achieved a complete degradation of PFOA within 30 min.This newly developed Fenton catalyst demonstrates advantages over conventionally heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts,and thus is promising for practical applications.展开更多
Inductively coupled mooring chain transmission technology plays a crucial role in the long-distance online monitoring of marine hydrographic information.However,the impedance characteristics of the seawater medium pos...Inductively coupled mooring chain transmission technology plays a crucial role in the long-distance online monitoring of marine hydrographic information.However,the impedance characteristics of the seawater medium pose a limitation on its capability to achieve high-speed real-time transmission of underwater images.In this paper,based on the principle of inductively coupled transmission for marine applications,the selected 1920×1080 pixel images are segmented,packaged,and then transmitted to the sending node using the user datagram protocol(UDP),and the modulation and demodulation of the transmitted images are realized using the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)algorithm of least squares(LS)estimation,and eight combinations with different mapping modes and coding rates are tested in the bandwidth of 200-800 k Hz and the quality of the transmitted images is evaluated using three criteria:mean squared error(MSE),peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR),and structural similarity index(SSIM).The results indicate that the image transmission quality is optimal when the mapping method is 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(16QAM),the coding rate is 1/2,and the center frequency is 800 k Hz.Under these conditions,the maximum transmission rate is 0.84 Mbit s^(-1),the SSIM criterion exceeds 0.91690 d B,and the learned perceptual image patch similarity(LPIPS)is less than 0.06000.This paper provides a solution for the underwater image transmission of inductively coupled mooring chains for marine applications.展开更多
The dual cylindrical inductively coupled plasma source,compared to the conventional structure of inductively coupled plasma source,can significantly improve the uniformity of plasma.It has an enhanced potential for ap...The dual cylindrical inductively coupled plasma source,compared to the conventional structure of inductively coupled plasma source,can significantly improve the uniformity of plasma.It has an enhanced potential for application in processes,such as etching and ashing.A uniform plasma can be obtained by allowing the remote plasma from the upper chamber modulate the main plasma generated in the lower chamber.In this study,a fluid model was employed to investigate a dual cylindrical inductively coupled Ar/O_(2)discharge.The effects of external parameters on electron density,electron temperature,O atomic density,and plasma uniformity in the main chamber were studied,and the reasons were analyzed.The results of this study show that remote power can control the plasma uniformity and increase the plasma density in the main chamber.As the remote power increased,plasma uniformity improved initially and then deteriorated.The main power affected the plasma density at the edge of the main chamber and can modulate the plasma density in the main chamber.The gas pressure affected both the uniformity and density of the plasma.As the gas pressure increased,the plasma uniformity deteriorated,but the free radical density improved.展开更多
The electrical parameters of H_(2)/Ar plasma in a cylindrical inductive discharge with an expansion region are investigated by a Langmuir probe,where Ar fractions range from 0%to 100%.The influence of gas composition ...The electrical parameters of H_(2)/Ar plasma in a cylindrical inductive discharge with an expansion region are investigated by a Langmuir probe,where Ar fractions range from 0%to 100%.The influence of gas composition and pressure on electron density,the effective electron temperature and the electron energy probability functions(EEPFs)at different spatial positions are present.In driver region,with the introduction of a small amount of Ar at 0.3 Pa,there is a rapid increase in electron density accompanied by a decrease in the effective electron temperature.Additionally,the shape of the EEPF transitions from a three-temperature distribution to a bi-Maxwellian distribution due to an increase in electron-electron collision.However,this phenomenon resulting from the changes in gas composition vanishes at 5 Pa due to the prior depletion of energetic electrons caused by the increase in pressure during hydrogen discharge.The EEPFs for the total energy in expansion region is coincident to these in the driver region at 0.3 Pa,as do the patterns of electron density variation between these two regions for differing Ar fractions.At 5 Pa,as the discharge transitions from H_(2)to Ar,the EEPFs evolved from a bi-Maxwellian distribution with pronounced low energy electrons to a Maxwellian distribution in expansion region.This evolve may be attributed to a reduction in molecular vibrational excitation reactions of electrons during transport and the transition from localized electron dynamics in hydrogen discharge to non-localized electron dynamics in argon discharge.In order to validate the experimental results,we use the COMSOL simulation software to calculate electrical parameters under the same conditions.The evolution and spatial distribution of the electrical parameters of the simulation results agree well with the trend of the experimental results.展开更多
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that apoptotic vesicles(apoVs)derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs;MSC-apoVs)are vital for bone regeneration,and possess superior capabilities compared to MSCs and other extr...Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that apoptotic vesicles(apoVs)derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs;MSC-apoVs)are vital for bone regeneration,and possess superior capabilities compared to MSCs and other extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs(such as exosomes).The osteoinductive effect of MSC-apoVs is attributed to their diverse contents,especially enriched proteins or microRNAs(miRNAs).To optimize their osteoinduction activity,it is necessary to determine the unique cargo profiles of MSC-apoVs.We previously established the protein landscape and identified proteins specific to MSC-apoVs.However,the features and functions of miRNAs enriched in MSC-apoVs are unclear.In this study,we compared MSCs,MSC-apoVs,and MSC-exosomes from two types of MSC.We generated a map of miRNAs specific to MSC-apoVs and identified seven miRNAs specifically enriched in MSC-apoVs compared to MSCs and MSC-exosomes,which we classified as apoV-specific miRNAs.Among these seven specific miRNAs,hsa-miR-4485-3p was the most abundant and stable.Next,we explored its function in apoV-mediated osteoinduction.Unexpectedly,hsa-miR-4485-3p enriched in MSC-apoVs inhibited osteogenesis and promoted adipogenesis by targeting the AKT pathway.Tailored apoVs with downregulated hsa-miR-4485-3p exhibited a greater effect on bone regeneration than control apoVs.Like releasing the brake,we acquired more powerful osteoinductive apoVs.In summary,we identified the miRNA cargos,including miRNAs specific to MSC-apoVs,and generated tailored apoVs with high osteoinduction activity,which is promising in apoV-based therapies for bone regeneration.展开更多
The synchronous monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen levels plays a pivotal role in the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.This study introduces a novel noninvasive device uti...The synchronous monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen levels plays a pivotal role in the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.This study introduces a novel noninvasive device utilizing inductive sensing and near-infrared spectroscopy technology to facilitate simultaneous monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen levels.The device consists of modules for cerebral blood flow monitoring,cerebral blood oxygen monitoring,control,communication,and a host machine.Through experiments conducted on healthy subjects,it was confirmed that the device can effectively achieve synchronous monitoring and recording of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen signals.The results demonstrate the device’s capability to accurately measure these signals simultaneously.This technology enables dynamic monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen signals with potential clinical applications in preventing,diagnosing,treating cerebrovascular diseases while reducing their associated harm.展开更多
Plasma discharge stability is an important problem in atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion system when maintaining long-term missions at ultra-low earth orbit.This paper designed an inductively coupled plasma sour...Plasma discharge stability is an important problem in atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion system when maintaining long-term missions at ultra-low earth orbit.This paper designed an inductively coupled plasma source to imitate the ionization section.The effect of inflow rate and Radio Frequency(RF)power on the plasma discharge mode transition is experimentally studied.A discharge mode detection method is proposed,which determines the discharge mode by identifying the morphology of the plasma core.By using the method,the discharge mode transition is quantified and a control model based on the parameter sensitivity is constructed.To verify the method,the spectra are measured and the electron temperature spatial distribution is calculated.And the method has been proven effective.The results show that the inductively coupled discharge contains capacitive components affected by the mass flow rate and the radio frequency power.The plasma characteristics can be maintained stably by controlling the radio frequency power when the mass flow rate randomly changes in a certain range.It is demonstrated that the application of detection method effectively identifies the discharge mode,which is a promising active control method for the plasma discharge mode.展开更多
In this paper,we combine the teaching and learning situation of deaf and hard-of-hearing students in the Linear Algebra course of the Computer Science and Technology major at the Nanjing Normal University of Special E...In this paper,we combine the teaching and learning situation of deaf and hard-of-hearing students in the Linear Algebra course of the Computer Science and Technology major at the Nanjing Normal University of Special Education.Based on the cognitive style of deaf and hard-of-hearing students,we apply example induction,exhaustive induction,and mathematical induction to the teaching of Linear Algebra by utilizing specific course content.The aim is to design comprehensive teaching that caters to the cognitive style characteristics of deaf and hard-of-hearing students,strengthen their mathematical thinking styles such as quantitative thinking,algorithmic thinking,symbolic thinking,visual thinking,logical thinking,and creative thinking,and enhance the effectiveness of classroom teaching and learning outcomes in Linear Algebra for deaf and hard-of-hearing students.展开更多
As one of the most important industrially viable methods for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization,methanol synthesis serves as a platform for production of green fuels and commodity chemicals.For sustainable methanol syn...As one of the most important industrially viable methods for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization,methanol synthesis serves as a platform for production of green fuels and commodity chemicals.For sustainable methanol synthesis,In_(2)O_(3)is an ideal catalyst and has garnered significant attention.Herein,cubic In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles were prepared via the precipitation method and evaluated for CO_(2)hydrogenation to produce methanol.During the initial 10 h of reaction,CO_(2)conversion gradually increased,accompanied by a slow decrease of methanol selectivity,and the reaction reached equilibrium after 10-20 h on stream.This activation and induction stage may be attributed to the sintering of In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles and the creation of more oxygen vacancies on In_(2)O_(3)surfaces.Further experimental studies demonstrate that hydrogen induction created additional oxygen vacancies during the catalyst activation stage,enhancing the performance of In_(2)O_(3)catalyst for CO_(2)hydrogenation.Density functional theory calculations and microkinetic simulations further demonstrated that surfaces with higher oxygen vacancy coverages or hydroxylated surfaces formed during this induction period can enhance the reaction rate and increase the CO_(2)conversion.However,they predominantly promote the formation of CO instead of methanol,leading to reduced methanol selectivity.These predictions align well with the above-mentioned experimental observations.Our work thus provides an in-depth analysis of the induction stage of the CO_(2)hydrogenation process on In_(2)O_(3)nano-catalyst,and offers valuable insights for significantly improving the CO_(2)reactivity of In_(2)O_(3)-based catalysts while maintaining long-term stability.展开更多
Objective: This study evaluates the impact of handshake and information support on patients’ outcomes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It examines the effects on their physiological and psychological responses an...Objective: This study evaluates the impact of handshake and information support on patients’ outcomes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It examines the effects on their physiological and psychological responses and overall satisfaction with nursing care. Methods: A total of 84 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were selected through convenient sampling and randomly assigned to either the control group or the intervention group using a random number table. Each group consisted of 42 patients. The control group received standard surgical nursing care. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received handshake and information support from the circulating nurse before anesthesia induction. Vital signs were recorded before surgery and before anesthesia induction. Anxiety levels were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the State-Anxiety Inventory (S-AI), while nursing satisfaction was assessed using a numerical rating scale. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups in systolic and diastolic blood pressures before surgery and anesthesia induction (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in heart rate before anesthesia induction (P Conclusion: Providing handshake and information support before anesthesia induction effectively reduces stress, alleviates anxiety, and enhances comfort and satisfaction among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.展开更多
To improve the efficiency of ship traffic in frequently traded sea areas and respond to the national“dual-carbon”strategy,a multi-objective ship route induction model is proposed.Considering the energy-saving and en...To improve the efficiency of ship traffic in frequently traded sea areas and respond to the national“dual-carbon”strategy,a multi-objective ship route induction model is proposed.Considering the energy-saving and environmental issues of ships,this study aims to improve the transportation efficiency of ships by providing a ship route induction method.Ship data from a certain bay during a defined period are collected,and an improved backpropagation neural network algorithm is used to forecast ship traffic.On the basis of the forecasted data and ship route induction objectives,dynamic programming of ship routes is performed.Experimental results show that the routes planned using this induction method reduce the combined cost by 17.55%compared with statically induced routes.This method has promising engineering applications in improving ship navigation efficiency,promoting energy conservation,and reducing emissions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22178388 and 22108306)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201909065)Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau(No.cstc2019jscx-gksb X0032).
文摘Structural regulation of Pd-based electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination(EHDC)catalyst for constructing high-efficient cathode materials with low noble metal content and high atom utilization is crucial but still challenging.Herein,a support electron inductive effect of Pd-Mn/Ni foam catalyst was proposed via in-situ Mn doping to optimize the electronic structure of the Ni foam(NF),which can inductive regulation of Pd for improving the EHDC performance.The mass activity and current efficiency of Pd-Mn/NF catalyst are 2.91 and 1.34 times superior to that of Pd/NF with 2,4-dichlorophenol as model compound,respectively.The Mn-doped interlayer optimized the electronic structure of Pd by bringing the d-state closer to the Fermi level than Pd on the NF surface,which optimizied the binding of EHDC intermediates.Additionally,the Mn-doped interlayer acted as a promoter for generating H∗and accelerating the EHDC reaction.This work presents a simple and effective regulation strategy for constructing high-efficient cathode catalyst for the EHDC of chlorinated organic compounds.
文摘To solve the ambiguous understanding of Grammar Teaching position,based on explicit grammatical knowledge,this paper discusses the grammar position in EFL,compares both its pros and cons between deductive and inductive approaches,and indicates that grammar teaching by either approach alone has disadvantages,should adopt a combination technique.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22104112 and 22374110)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The investigation of reaction kinetics is the key to understanding the nature of reaction processes.However,monitoring fast photochemical reactions by mass spectrometry remains challenging.Herein,we developed an optical focusing inductive electrospray(OF-iESI)mass spectrometry platform for real-time and in-situ photoreaction monitoring.Coaxial irradiation from back of nanoelectrospray emitter with a taper section was utilized,so the emitter could act as optical lens to help achieving much larger optical power density at emitter tip compared to other sections,which allowed for in-situ reaction monitoring of photoreactions.Through theoretical calculations,the highest optical power density region volume was ca.45 nL.We also integrated a controller for the laser source(450 nm),enabling the modulation of pulse duration(>1 ms).This facilitates the study of photochemical reaction kinetics.The in-situ capability of this device was proved by capturing the short-lived photogenerated intermediates during the dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinoline.This device was further used to investigate the kinetics of triplet energy transfer based Paternò-Büchi reaction.The reaction order has hitherto remained undetermined while the result of OF-iESI suggested it followed pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics.The short-lived donor-acceptor collision complex intermediate was also successfully identified by tandem mass spectrometry.
基金supported by Alberta Health,Alberta Innovates,the Canada Research Chairs Program,the Canadian Institutes of Health Research,and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada。
文摘Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish is crucial for providing meaningful consumption guidelines that allow the public to make informed decisions regarding its consumption.While marine fish have attractedmuch research interest due to their higher arsenic content,research on freshwater fish is limited due to the challenges in quantifying and identifying arsenic species present at trace levels.We describe here a sensitivemethod and its application to the quantification of arsenic species in freshwater fish.Arsenic species from fish tissues were extracted using a methanol/water mixture(1:1 vol.ratio)and ultrasound sonication.Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)enabled separation of arsenobetaine(AsB),inorganic arsenite(iAs^(Ⅲ)),dimethylarsinic acid(DMA),monomethylarsonic acid(MMA),inorganic arsenate(iAs^(Ⅴ)),and three new arsenic species.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPMS)provided highly sensitive and specific detection of arsenic.A limit of detection of 0.25μg/kg(wet weight fish tissue)was achieved for the five target arsenic species:AsB,iAs^(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,and iAs^(Ⅴ).A series of experimentswere conducted to ensure the accuracy and validity of the analytical method.The method was successfully applied to the determination of arsenic species in lakewhitefish,northern pike,and walleye,with AsB,DMA,and iAs^(Ⅴ) being frequently detected.Three new arsenic species were detected,but their chromatographic retention times did not match with those of any available arsenic standards.Future research is necessary to elucidate the identity of these new arsenic species detected in freshwater fish.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0204100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205067 and 12375199)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(No.HIT.D?J.2023178)。
文摘This work continues the studies on searching for plasma media with the inverse electron energy distribution function(EEDF)and providing recommendations for setting up subsequent experiments.The inverse EEDF is a distribution function that increases with an increase in energy at zero electron energy.The inverse EEDF plays a central role in the problem of negative conductivity.Based on the previously obtained criterion for the formation of an inverse EEDF in a spatially inhomogeneous plasma,a heuristic method is proposed that allows one to avoid resource-intensive calculations for spatially two-dimensional(2D)kinetic modeling on a large array of different glow discharges.It is shown that the conditions for EEDF inversion can be realized in two-chamber discharge structures due to violating the known Boltzmann distribution for electron density.The theoretical conclusions are validated by numerical modeling of lowpressure two-chamber inductively-coupled plasma(ICP)discharges in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment.As a result,areas of conditions with inverse EEDF were found for subsequent detailed kinetic analysis and experimental studies.
文摘Directional design of efficient catalysts for volatile organic compounds degradation remains a complex,yet effective and challenging process.Herein,oxygen-rich vacancy Co_(3)O_(4)-anchored Pt catalysts were prepared through atom-trapping strategy and relevant vacancy defect inductive effect was proposed.The 0.6Pt/VO-Co_(3)O_(4)catalyst presented a reaction rate value of 32.2×10^(-5)mol·g_(cat)^(-1)·s^(-1)at 160℃for catalytic propane total oxidation,which was nearly 5 times the reaction rate of Co_(3)O_(4)(6.7×10^(-5)mol·g_(cat)^(-1)·s^(-1)).Also,it exhibited excellent water-resistance and catalytic stability.The Pt atoms were stabilized on the Co_(3)O_(4)surface by vacancy defects to improve dispersion.Meanwhile,the vacancy defect inductive effect induced stronger electron interaction between Pt and Co_(3)O_(4)on the surface,thus promote the redox ability at low-temperature.The mobility and oxygen-activating ability of surface lattice oxygen were also strengthened by the vacancy defect inductive effect.This facilitated the generation of more surface-active oxygen species for the cleavage of C-H bond and the deep oxidation of intermediate species.Overall,this study proposed a novel concept the fabrication of highly efficient catalysts for the purpose of catalytic oxidation.
文摘This study applied both inductive approach and deductive approach with multimedia assistance into an English grammar class on the acquisition of subjunctive mood. It aimed to investigate whether this kind of teaching approach, as a general grammar pedagogy, would improve the efficiency of students＇ acquisition of certain grammar points. This study results from comparison and contrast between one same class on the acquisition of subjunctive mood to 70 students in total, employing three different teaching methods： inductive approach with multimedia assistance （method 1）, deductive approach with multimedia assistance （method 2）, and both inductive approach and deductive approach with multimedia assistance （method 3）, based on self-reported reflection on the experiment, observation of students＇ learning process, students＇ pre-test and after-class evaluation test results, and surveys. Two identical experiments were conducted to two groups of students of different levels of language proficiency to increase the generalizability of the results. Findings revealed that the evaluation test score of the grammatical points taught with method 3 is much higher than those taught with the other two methods, and most students felt positive about method 3. Students nevertheless encounter obvious difficulties in inductive approach, indicating certain lack of self-learning skills in Chinese students
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Xijing University,China(No.XJ19T03)the Opening Project of Science and Technology on Reliability Physics and Application Technology of Electronic Component Laboratory(No.ZHD201701)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2024JC-YBMS-342).
文摘Enhancing plasma uniformity can be achieved by modifying coil and chamber structures in radio frequency inductively coupled plasma(ICP)to meet the demand for large-area and uniformly distributed plasma in industrial manufacturing.This study utilized a two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model to investigate how different coil configurations and chamber aspect ratios affect the radial uniformity of plasma in radio frequency ICP.The findings indicate that optimizing the radial spacing of the coil enhances plasma uniformity but with a reduction in electron density.Furthermore,optimizing the coil within the ICP reactor,using the interior point method in the Interior Point Optimizer significantly enhances plasma uniformity,elevating it from 56%to 96%within the range of the model sizes.Additionally,when the chamber aspect ratio k changes from 2.8 to 4.7,the plasma distribution changes from a center-high to a saddleshaped distribution.Moreover,the plasma uniformity becomes worse.Finally,adjusting process parameters,such as increasing source power and gas pressure,can enhance plasma uniformity.These findings contribute to optimizing the etching process by improving plasma radial uniformity.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3205300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52100178 and 52370072)。
文摘To efficiently remove perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),we developed a composite of magnetic Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocrystals and MIL-101(an iron-based metal organic framework).Because of its high surface area,porous structure,and complexation between PFOA as confirmed by experimental results and density functional theory simulation,the magnetic composite showed a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 415 mg/g in the presence of various groundwater components,and thus adsorbed PFOA at environment-relevant concentration within 20 min.The catalyst loaded with PFOA can then be magnetically separated from the synthetic groundwater.This adsorption step concentrated PFOA near MIL-101 and resulted in a fast decomposition rate in the decomposition step,where MIL-101 served as an efficient Fenton agent due to its abundant Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)sites.Meanwhile,the alternative magnetic field was introduced to change the production pathway of reactive oxygen species and superoxide radical anions were produced,which was critical for PFOA degradation.In addition,the inductive heating effect heat the magnetic particles to445 K through an in-situ approach,which thus further accelerated Fenton reactions rate.In addition,and achieved a complete degradation of PFOA within 30 min.This newly developed Fenton catalyst demonstrates advantages over conventionally heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts,and thus is promising for practical applications.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62071329)the National Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.23JCZD JC00440)。
文摘Inductively coupled mooring chain transmission technology plays a crucial role in the long-distance online monitoring of marine hydrographic information.However,the impedance characteristics of the seawater medium pose a limitation on its capability to achieve high-speed real-time transmission of underwater images.In this paper,based on the principle of inductively coupled transmission for marine applications,the selected 1920×1080 pixel images are segmented,packaged,and then transmitted to the sending node using the user datagram protocol(UDP),and the modulation and demodulation of the transmitted images are realized using the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)algorithm of least squares(LS)estimation,and eight combinations with different mapping modes and coding rates are tested in the bandwidth of 200-800 k Hz and the quality of the transmitted images is evaluated using three criteria:mean squared error(MSE),peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR),and structural similarity index(SSIM).The results indicate that the image transmission quality is optimal when the mapping method is 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(16QAM),the coding rate is 1/2,and the center frequency is 800 k Hz.Under these conditions,the maximum transmission rate is 0.84 Mbit s^(-1),the SSIM criterion exceeds 0.91690 d B,and the learned perceptual image patch similarity(LPIPS)is less than 0.06000.This paper provides a solution for the underwater image transmission of inductively coupled mooring chains for marine applications.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12075049 and 11935005)。
文摘The dual cylindrical inductively coupled plasma source,compared to the conventional structure of inductively coupled plasma source,can significantly improve the uniformity of plasma.It has an enhanced potential for application in processes,such as etching and ashing.A uniform plasma can be obtained by allowing the remote plasma from the upper chamber modulate the main plasma generated in the lower chamber.In this study,a fluid model was employed to investigate a dual cylindrical inductively coupled Ar/O_(2)discharge.The effects of external parameters on electron density,electron temperature,O atomic density,and plasma uniformity in the main chamber were studied,and the reasons were analyzed.The results of this study show that remote power can control the plasma uniformity and increase the plasma density in the main chamber.As the remote power increased,plasma uniformity improved initially and then deteriorated.The main power affected the plasma density at the edge of the main chamber and can modulate the plasma density in the main chamber.The gas pressure affected both the uniformity and density of the plasma.As the gas pressure increased,the plasma uniformity deteriorated,but the free radical density improved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11935005 and 12075049)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFE0300106).
文摘The electrical parameters of H_(2)/Ar plasma in a cylindrical inductive discharge with an expansion region are investigated by a Langmuir probe,where Ar fractions range from 0%to 100%.The influence of gas composition and pressure on electron density,the effective electron temperature and the electron energy probability functions(EEPFs)at different spatial positions are present.In driver region,with the introduction of a small amount of Ar at 0.3 Pa,there is a rapid increase in electron density accompanied by a decrease in the effective electron temperature.Additionally,the shape of the EEPF transitions from a three-temperature distribution to a bi-Maxwellian distribution due to an increase in electron-electron collision.However,this phenomenon resulting from the changes in gas composition vanishes at 5 Pa due to the prior depletion of energetic electrons caused by the increase in pressure during hydrogen discharge.The EEPFs for the total energy in expansion region is coincident to these in the driver region at 0.3 Pa,as do the patterns of electron density variation between these two regions for differing Ar fractions.At 5 Pa,as the discharge transitions from H_(2)to Ar,the EEPFs evolved from a bi-Maxwellian distribution with pronounced low energy electrons to a Maxwellian distribution in expansion region.This evolve may be attributed to a reduction in molecular vibrational excitation reactions of electrons during transport and the transition from localized electron dynamics in hydrogen discharge to non-localized electron dynamics in argon discharge.In order to validate the experimental results,we use the COMSOL simulation software to calculate electrical parameters under the same conditions.The evolution and spatial distribution of the electrical parameters of the simulation results agree well with the trend of the experimental results.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170929 and 81970908 to Y.L.)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7222224 to X.Z.)。
文摘Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that apoptotic vesicles(apoVs)derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs;MSC-apoVs)are vital for bone regeneration,and possess superior capabilities compared to MSCs and other extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs(such as exosomes).The osteoinductive effect of MSC-apoVs is attributed to their diverse contents,especially enriched proteins or microRNAs(miRNAs).To optimize their osteoinduction activity,it is necessary to determine the unique cargo profiles of MSC-apoVs.We previously established the protein landscape and identified proteins specific to MSC-apoVs.However,the features and functions of miRNAs enriched in MSC-apoVs are unclear.In this study,we compared MSCs,MSC-apoVs,and MSC-exosomes from two types of MSC.We generated a map of miRNAs specific to MSC-apoVs and identified seven miRNAs specifically enriched in MSC-apoVs compared to MSCs and MSC-exosomes,which we classified as apoV-specific miRNAs.Among these seven specific miRNAs,hsa-miR-4485-3p was the most abundant and stable.Next,we explored its function in apoV-mediated osteoinduction.Unexpectedly,hsa-miR-4485-3p enriched in MSC-apoVs inhibited osteogenesis and promoted adipogenesis by targeting the AKT pathway.Tailored apoVs with downregulated hsa-miR-4485-3p exhibited a greater effect on bone regeneration than control apoVs.Like releasing the brake,we acquired more powerful osteoinductive apoVs.In summary,we identified the miRNA cargos,including miRNAs specific to MSC-apoVs,and generated tailored apoVs with high osteoinduction activity,which is promising in apoV-based therapies for bone regeneration.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51977214)Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission(No.KJQN202212805)Special funding project of Army Medical University(No.2021XJS08)。
文摘The synchronous monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen levels plays a pivotal role in the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.This study introduces a novel noninvasive device utilizing inductive sensing and near-infrared spectroscopy technology to facilitate simultaneous monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen levels.The device consists of modules for cerebral blood flow monitoring,cerebral blood oxygen monitoring,control,communication,and a host machine.Through experiments conducted on healthy subjects,it was confirmed that the device can effectively achieve synchronous monitoring and recording of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen signals.The results demonstrate the device’s capability to accurately measure these signals simultaneously.This technology enables dynamic monitoring of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen signals with potential clinical applications in preventing,diagnosing,treating cerebrovascular diseases while reducing their associated harm.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. T2221002)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (No. 2024JJ5405)
文摘Plasma discharge stability is an important problem in atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion system when maintaining long-term missions at ultra-low earth orbit.This paper designed an inductively coupled plasma source to imitate the ionization section.The effect of inflow rate and Radio Frequency(RF)power on the plasma discharge mode transition is experimentally studied.A discharge mode detection method is proposed,which determines the discharge mode by identifying the morphology of the plasma core.By using the method,the discharge mode transition is quantified and a control model based on the parameter sensitivity is constructed.To verify the method,the spectra are measured and the electron temperature spatial distribution is calculated.And the method has been proven effective.The results show that the inductively coupled discharge contains capacitive components affected by the mass flow rate and the radio frequency power.The plasma characteristics can be maintained stably by controlling the radio frequency power when the mass flow rate randomly changes in a certain range.It is demonstrated that the application of detection method effectively identifies the discharge mode,which is a promising active control method for the plasma discharge mode.
文摘In this paper,we combine the teaching and learning situation of deaf and hard-of-hearing students in the Linear Algebra course of the Computer Science and Technology major at the Nanjing Normal University of Special Education.Based on the cognitive style of deaf and hard-of-hearing students,we apply example induction,exhaustive induction,and mathematical induction to the teaching of Linear Algebra by utilizing specific course content.The aim is to design comprehensive teaching that caters to the cognitive style characteristics of deaf and hard-of-hearing students,strengthen their mathematical thinking styles such as quantitative thinking,algorithmic thinking,symbolic thinking,visual thinking,logical thinking,and creative thinking,and enhance the effectiveness of classroom teaching and learning outcomes in Linear Algebra for deaf and hard-of-hearing students.
文摘As one of the most important industrially viable methods for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization,methanol synthesis serves as a platform for production of green fuels and commodity chemicals.For sustainable methanol synthesis,In_(2)O_(3)is an ideal catalyst and has garnered significant attention.Herein,cubic In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles were prepared via the precipitation method and evaluated for CO_(2)hydrogenation to produce methanol.During the initial 10 h of reaction,CO_(2)conversion gradually increased,accompanied by a slow decrease of methanol selectivity,and the reaction reached equilibrium after 10-20 h on stream.This activation and induction stage may be attributed to the sintering of In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles and the creation of more oxygen vacancies on In_(2)O_(3)surfaces.Further experimental studies demonstrate that hydrogen induction created additional oxygen vacancies during the catalyst activation stage,enhancing the performance of In_(2)O_(3)catalyst for CO_(2)hydrogenation.Density functional theory calculations and microkinetic simulations further demonstrated that surfaces with higher oxygen vacancy coverages or hydroxylated surfaces formed during this induction period can enhance the reaction rate and increase the CO_(2)conversion.However,they predominantly promote the formation of CO instead of methanol,leading to reduced methanol selectivity.These predictions align well with the above-mentioned experimental observations.Our work thus provides an in-depth analysis of the induction stage of the CO_(2)hydrogenation process on In_(2)O_(3)nano-catalyst,and offers valuable insights for significantly improving the CO_(2)reactivity of In_(2)O_(3)-based catalysts while maintaining long-term stability.
文摘Objective: This study evaluates the impact of handshake and information support on patients’ outcomes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It examines the effects on their physiological and psychological responses and overall satisfaction with nursing care. Methods: A total of 84 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were selected through convenient sampling and randomly assigned to either the control group or the intervention group using a random number table. Each group consisted of 42 patients. The control group received standard surgical nursing care. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received handshake and information support from the circulating nurse before anesthesia induction. Vital signs were recorded before surgery and before anesthesia induction. Anxiety levels were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the State-Anxiety Inventory (S-AI), while nursing satisfaction was assessed using a numerical rating scale. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups in systolic and diastolic blood pressures before surgery and anesthesia induction (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in heart rate before anesthesia induction (P Conclusion: Providing handshake and information support before anesthesia induction effectively reduces stress, alleviates anxiety, and enhances comfort and satisfaction among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China project (2017YFC0805309)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60602020)。
文摘To improve the efficiency of ship traffic in frequently traded sea areas and respond to the national“dual-carbon”strategy,a multi-objective ship route induction model is proposed.Considering the energy-saving and environmental issues of ships,this study aims to improve the transportation efficiency of ships by providing a ship route induction method.Ship data from a certain bay during a defined period are collected,and an improved backpropagation neural network algorithm is used to forecast ship traffic.On the basis of the forecasted data and ship route induction objectives,dynamic programming of ship routes is performed.Experimental results show that the routes planned using this induction method reduce the combined cost by 17.55%compared with statically induced routes.This method has promising engineering applications in improving ship navigation efficiency,promoting energy conservation,and reducing emissions.
