BACKGROUND The use of induction immunosuppression agents has improved kidney transplant outcomes,but selecting the optimal agent remains a point of debate.AIM To compare the long-term outcomes of kidney transplant rec...BACKGROUND The use of induction immunosuppression agents has improved kidney transplant outcomes,but selecting the optimal agent remains a point of debate.AIM To compare the long-term outcomes of kidney transplant recipients receiving alemtuzumab vs basiliximab induction,focusing on graft function,acute rejection,infection,malignancy,post-transplant glomerulonephritis,and survival,using a propensity score matched cohort design.METHODS Kidney transplant recipients who received alemtuzumab or basiliximab induction from 2014 to 2019 across two nephrology centres in Northwest England were evaluated.Propensity score matching at a 1:1.5 ratio ensured comparability between cohorts.Baseline characteristics,immunosuppression regimens,and outcomes were analyzed.Linear,binary logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models.RESULTS A total of 436 recipients were included,with a median follow-up of 5.2 years.The matched cohort(n=262)had a mean age of 51.1±13.5 years;39%were female and 92%were white.There was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of acute rejection[odds ratio(OR)=2.10;95%CI:0.9-4.9;P=0.110].Compared with basiliximab,alemtuzumab was associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at 12 months(-6.6 mL/minute/1.73 m2;95%CI:-10.5 to-2.7;P<0.001)and higher risks of cytomegalovirus viremia(OR=3.2;95%CI:1.6-6.5;P<0.001),BK viremia(OR=2.4;95%CI:1.1-5.5;P=0.02),post-transplant malignancy(OR=6.2;95%CI:1.6-29.9;P=0.013),and death-censored graft loss(hazard ratio=3.6;95%CI:1.2-11.4;P=0.03).No significant differences were observed in post-transplant glomerulonephritis or recipient mortality.CONCLUSION In this propensity score-matched analysis,alemtuzumab induction was associated with lower graft function at 12 months and higher risks of viral infection,post-transplant malignancy,and graft loss compared with basiliximab.These findings highlight the need for further studies to confirm the long-term safety and effectiveness of alemtuzumab in kidney transplantation.展开更多
Kidney transplantation(KT)accounts for nearly three-fourths of organ transplants in India,with living donors contributing to 82%of cases.Induction immunosuppression is essential to optimize initial immunosuppression,r...Kidney transplantation(KT)accounts for nearly three-fourths of organ transplants in India,with living donors contributing to 82%of cases.Induction immunosuppression is essential to optimize initial immunosuppression,reduce acute rejections,and enable tailored use of maintenance agents.Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin(rATG)and interleukin-2 receptor anatagonists(IL-2RA/IL-2RBs)are the most widely used induction therapies.However,data on induction practices across India are limited.To evaluate induction immunosuppression practices across KT centers in India and establish a consensus for different subsets of KT recipients.A nationwide online survey was conducted by the Indian Society of Organ Transplantation(ISOT)among its members(400 KT centers).Responses were analyzed to assess induction practices across diverse donor types,age groups,and immunological risk profiles.Heterogeneity in practices prompted consensus building using a modified Delphi process.Literature review and expert panel discussions(April 2024)were followed by structured voting,and 16 consensus statements were finalized.Of 400 centers approached,254 participated.rATG was the most commonly used induction therapy,followed by IL-2RBs;alemtuzumab was least used.Significant heterogeneity was observed in type,dose,and duration of induction therapy.Consensus recommendations were framed:rATG for high immunological risk recipients and deceased donor KTs;IL-2RB or low-dose rATG for low immunological risk;rituximab in ABOincompatible KTs;and tailoring based on age,diabetes,donor type,infection risk,and affordability.This first ISOT consensus provides 16 India-specific statements on induction therapy in KT.It emphasizes risk-stratified,evidenceinformed,and context-appropriate induction strategies,supporting standardization of care across the country.展开更多
Doubled haploid(DH)technology has revolutionized crop breeding by enabling the production of homozygous lines in a single generation.In vivo haploid induction(HI)offers a more widely applicable approach that can signi...Doubled haploid(DH)technology has revolutionized crop breeding by enabling the production of homozygous lines in a single generation.In vivo haploid induction(HI)offers a more widely applicable approach that can significantly improve DH breeding efficiency.ToPAR,a parthenogenesis gene,originally identified in dandelion(Taraxacum officinale),has been characterized.Researchers have successfully induced haploid embryo-like structures and haploid offspring in lettuce and foxtail millet,respectively.展开更多
To improve the efficiency of ship traffic in frequently traded sea areas and respond to the national“dual-carbon”strategy,a multi-objective ship route induction model is proposed.Considering the energy-saving and en...To improve the efficiency of ship traffic in frequently traded sea areas and respond to the national“dual-carbon”strategy,a multi-objective ship route induction model is proposed.Considering the energy-saving and environmental issues of ships,this study aims to improve the transportation efficiency of ships by providing a ship route induction method.Ship data from a certain bay during a defined period are collected,and an improved backpropagation neural network algorithm is used to forecast ship traffic.On the basis of the forecasted data and ship route induction objectives,dynamic programming of ship routes is performed.Experimental results show that the routes planned using this induction method reduce the combined cost by 17.55%compared with statically induced routes.This method has promising engineering applications in improving ship navigation efficiency,promoting energy conservation,and reducing emissions.展开更多
The hyperloop idea,which is one of the most ecofriendly,low-carbon emissions,and fossil fuel-efficient modes of transportation,has recently become quite popular.In this study,a double-sided linear induction motor(LIM)...The hyperloop idea,which is one of the most ecofriendly,low-carbon emissions,and fossil fuel-efficient modes of transportation,has recently become quite popular.In this study,a double-sided linear induction motor(LIM)with 500 W of output power,60 N of thrust force and 200 V/38.58 Hz of supply voltage was designed to be used in hyperloop development competition hosted by the scientific and technological research council of turkey(TüB?TAK)rail transportation technologies institute(RUTE).In contrast to the studies in the literature,concentrated winding is preferred instead of distributed winding due to mechanical constraints.The electromagnetic design of LIM,whose mechanical and electrical requirements were determined considering the hyperloop development competition,was carried out by following certain steps.Then,the designed model was simulated and analyzed by finite element method(FEM),and the necessary optimizations have been performed to improve the motor characteristics.By examining the final model,the applicability of the concentrated winding type LIM for hyperloop technology has been investigated.Besides,the effects of primary material,railway material,and mechanical air-gap length on LIM performance were also investigated.In the practical phase of the study,the designed LIM has been prototyped and tested.The validation of the experimental results was achieved through good agreement with the finite element analysis results.展开更多
As one of the most important industrially viable methods for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization,methanol synthesis serves as a platform for production of green fuels and commodity chemicals.For sustainable methanol syn...As one of the most important industrially viable methods for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization,methanol synthesis serves as a platform for production of green fuels and commodity chemicals.For sustainable methanol synthesis,In_(2)O_(3)is an ideal catalyst and has garnered significant attention.Herein,cubic In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles were prepared via the precipitation method and evaluated for CO_(2)hydrogenation to produce methanol.During the initial 10 h of reaction,CO_(2)conversion gradually increased,accompanied by a slow decrease of methanol selectivity,and the reaction reached equilibrium after 10-20 h on stream.This activation and induction stage may be attributed to the sintering of In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles and the creation of more oxygen vacancies on In_(2)O_(3)surfaces.Further experimental studies demonstrate that hydrogen induction created additional oxygen vacancies during the catalyst activation stage,enhancing the performance of In_(2)O_(3)catalyst for CO_(2)hydrogenation.Density functional theory calculations and microkinetic simulations further demonstrated that surfaces with higher oxygen vacancy coverages or hydroxylated surfaces formed during this induction period can enhance the reaction rate and increase the CO_(2)conversion.However,they predominantly promote the formation of CO instead of methanol,leading to reduced methanol selectivity.These predictions align well with the above-mentioned experimental observations.Our work thus provides an in-depth analysis of the induction stage of the CO_(2)hydrogenation process on In_(2)O_(3)nano-catalyst,and offers valuable insights for significantly improving the CO_(2)reactivity of In_(2)O_(3)-based catalysts while maintaining long-term stability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral,selective Janus kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The 8-week induction protocol involves the administration of 10 mg twice daily(bid)with t...BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral,selective Janus kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The 8-week induction protocol involves the administration of 10 mg twice daily(bid)with the possibility of extending the induction period to 16 weeks.The maintenance dose of tofacitinib is either 5 mg or 10 mg bid.AIM To assess predictors for clinical remission and drug persistence in patients with UC receiving the extended induction tofacitinib protocol.METHODS This was a real-world multicenter retrospective study in patients with moderateto-severe UC.Patients received physician-directed extended induction tofacitinib treatment.We collected clinical and demographic data at baseline and data regarding clinical,laboratory,and endoscopic evaluations,therapeutic modifications,and adverse events at the 52-week follow-up.Possible predictors for clinical remission at week 52 was the primary endpoint.Differences between patients receiving 5 mg bid vs 10 mg bid at week 52 and identification of predictors for treatment persistence were secondary endpoints.RESULTS Thirty-seven consecutive patients from 11 medical centers were included[51.4%males with median age 39(17-64)years].Twenty-eight patients continued treatment until week 52(75.7%)with 67.9%receiving 10 mg tofacitinib;all had prior history of biologic use.We observed that 57.1%of patients achieved clinical remission(66.7%in the 5 mg tofacitinib group and 52.6%in the 10 mg tofacitinib group,P=0.483).De-escalation to 5 mg tofacitinib was attempted in 17 patients with a success rate of 52.9%.Prior biologic use was significantly more frequent in patients treated with 10 mg tofacitinib.Active smoking was significantly associated with treatment discontinuation at week 52.We identified eight adverse events,and only one led to treatment discontinuation.CONCLUSION Our results supported the extended induction strategy with tofacitinib in selected patients with UC.Patients with prior failure of advanced therapies particularly benefitted,highlighting the importance of personalized maintenance regimens.展开更多
The identification of haploid induction genes has promoted the advancement of several breeding technologies.Haploid induction genes in wheat,coupled with visual marker,have led to the establishment of a novel in vivo ...The identification of haploid induction genes has promoted the advancement of several breeding technologies.Haploid induction genes in wheat,coupled with visual marker,have led to the establishment of a novel in vivo doubled-haploid(DH)technology.When combined with dominant male sterile genes,this innovative DH method presents a promising avenue for high-throughput production of DH lines.Furthermore,the application of haploid induction genes has facilitated the establishment of other innovative breeding technologies,such as HI-Edit and cyto-swapping in creating cytoplasmic male sterility lines,as well as synthetic apomixis.This review summarizes the progress of DH technology in wheat and presents examples of application of haploid induction genes in accelerating breeding practices,aiming to promote the development of these innovative technologies in wheat and enhancing wheat breeding efficiency.展开更多
In the anticorrosive coating line of a welded tube plant, the current status and existing problems of the medium-frequency induction heating equipment were discussed.Partial renovations of the power control cabinet ha...In the anticorrosive coating line of a welded tube plant, the current status and existing problems of the medium-frequency induction heating equipment were discussed.Partial renovations of the power control cabinet have been conducted.Parameters such as the DC current, DC voltage, intermediate frequency power, heating temperature, and the positioning signal at the pipe end were collected.A data acquisition and processing system, which can process data according to user needs and provide convenient data processing functions, has been developed using LabVIEW software.This system has been successfully applied in the coating line for the automatic control of high-power induction heating equipment, production management, and digital steel tube and/or digital delivery.展开更多
BACKGROUND Splenic artery aneurysm(SAA)rupture is a rare,life-threatening condition characterized by acute intra-abdominal hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability.Ruptured SAAs may exhibit a biphasic and relatively slo...BACKGROUND Splenic artery aneurysm(SAA)rupture is a rare,life-threatening condition characterized by acute intra-abdominal hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability.Ruptured SAAs may exhibit a biphasic and relatively slow clinical progression,commonly referred to as the“double-rupture phenomenon”.The reported incidence of the double-rupture phenomenon ranges 12%-21%in patients with ruptured SAAs,potentially due to variations in intra-abdominal pressure.Following anesthesia induction,muscle relaxation can decrease intra-abdominal pressure,potentially triggering the double-rupture phenomenon and leading to circulatory collapse.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old female presented to the Department of Emergency with upper abdominal pain,abdominal distension,dizziness,and vomiting.Her vital signs were initially stable.Physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness and positive-shifting dullness.Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed cirrhosis,severe portal hypertension,and splenomegaly.Acute rupture was suggested by a hematoma on the upper left side outside the SAA.Surgeons deemed intravascular intervention challenging and open splenectomy inevitable.Circulatory collapse occurred after anesthesia induction,likely due to a double rupture of the SAA.This double-rupture phenomenon may have resulted from an initial rupture of the SAA into the omental bursa,forming a hematoma that exerted a tamponade effect.A second rupture into the peritoneal cavity may have been triggered by decreased intra-abdominal pressure following anesthesia induction.The patient’s life was saved through early,coordinated,multidisciplinary significant postoperative bleeding or hypoxic encephalopathy.CONCLUSION Anesthesia-induced pressure reduction may trigger a second SAA rupture,causing collapse.Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary teamwork improve outcomes.This is a rare and life-threatening case of SAA rupture,which is of great significance to the medical community for understanding and handling such emergencies.展开更多
Wireless communications in extreme environments,such as underwater and underground,is an essential technology for interconnecting various devices and enables data transmission and networking.Existing wireless technolo...Wireless communications in extreme environments,such as underwater and underground,is an essential technology for interconnecting various devices and enables data transmission and networking.Existing wireless technologies using electromagnetic(EM)waves face many known problems,such as high path loss,unpredictable multi-path fading,and large antenna size in the lossy medium.In this article,the magnetic induction(MI)based physical layer communication is introduced as a promising solution for wireless transmissions in extreme environments.Specifically,the fundamentals of the MI-based communications are reviewed.Then,with the goal of establishing reliable and low-power links between small-size devices,we review several key physical layer technologies for MI-based communications,including the MIbased signal modulations,magnetic beamforming,and relay transmissions,and summarize their state-of-theart research advances.Finally,the related open issues and challenges in each area are analyzed and presented for future investigations.展开更多
Objective: This study evaluates the impact of handshake and information support on patients’ outcomes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It examines the effects on their physiological and psychological responses an...Objective: This study evaluates the impact of handshake and information support on patients’ outcomes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It examines the effects on their physiological and psychological responses and overall satisfaction with nursing care. Methods: A total of 84 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were selected through convenient sampling and randomly assigned to either the control group or the intervention group using a random number table. Each group consisted of 42 patients. The control group received standard surgical nursing care. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received handshake and information support from the circulating nurse before anesthesia induction. Vital signs were recorded before surgery and before anesthesia induction. Anxiety levels were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the State-Anxiety Inventory (S-AI), while nursing satisfaction was assessed using a numerical rating scale. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups in systolic and diastolic blood pressures before surgery and anesthesia induction (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in heart rate before anesthesia induction (P Conclusion: Providing handshake and information support before anesthesia induction effectively reduces stress, alleviates anxiety, and enhances comfort and satisfaction among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.展开更多
Quasi-solid-state composite electrolytes(QSCEs)show promise for high-performance solid-state batteries,while they still struggle with interfacial stability and cycling performance.Herein,a F-grafted QSCE(F-QSCE)was de...Quasi-solid-state composite electrolytes(QSCEs)show promise for high-performance solid-state batteries,while they still struggle with interfacial stability and cycling performance.Herein,a F-grafted QSCE(F-QSCE)was developed via copolymerizing the F monomers and ionic liquid monomers.The F-QSCE demonstrates better overall performance,such as high ionic conductivity of 1.21 mS cm^(-1)at 25℃,wide electrochemical windows of 5.20 V,and stable cycling stability for Li//Li symmetric cells over 4000 h.This is attributed to the significant electronegativity difference between C and F in the fluorinated chain(-CF_(2)-CF-CF_(3)),which causes the electron cloud to shift toward the F atom,surrounding it with a negative charge and producing the inductive effect.Furthermore,the interactions between Li^(+)and F,TFSI~-,and C are enhanced,reducing ion pair aggregation(Li^(+)-TFSI~--Li^(+))and promoting Li^(+)transport.Besides,-CF_(2)-CF-CF_(3)decomposes to form Li F preferentially over TFSI~-,resulting in better interfacial stability for F-QSCE.This work provides a pathway to enable the development of high-performance Li metal batteries.展开更多
This study explores the broad-spectrum application of OsRALF26,a small secreted peptide belonging to the rapid alkalinization factor(RALF)family in rice.We found that the rice genome carries numerous lineage-specific ...This study explores the broad-spectrum application of OsRALF26,a small secreted peptide belonging to the rapid alkalinization factor(RALF)family in rice.We found that the rice genome carries numerous lineage-specific OsRALFs,suggesting that this evolutionary expansion could be the result of an arms race with pathogens.Among them,we focused on the Oryza-specific Os RALF26 and its closest homolog,OsRALF27,analyzing their effects across a range of plant species from monocots to dicots.The exogenous application of OsRALF26 significantly reduced bacterial populations in rice challenged with Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)and in Arabidopsis and tomato challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato DC3000(Pst DC3000),whereas Os RALF27 did not enhance resistance.展开更多
Within-Visual-Range(WVR)air combat is a highly dynamic and uncertain domain where effective strategies require intelligent and adaptive decision-making.Traditional approaches,including rule-based methods and conventio...Within-Visual-Range(WVR)air combat is a highly dynamic and uncertain domain where effective strategies require intelligent and adaptive decision-making.Traditional approaches,including rule-based methods and conventional Reinforcement Learning(RL)algorithms,often focus on maximizing engagement outcomes through direct combat superiority.However,these methods overlook alternative tactics,such as inducing adversaries to crash,which can achieve decisive victories with lower risk and cost.This study proposes Alpha Crash,a novel distributional-rein forcement-learning-based agent specifically designed to defeat opponents by leveraging crash induction strategies.The approach integrates an improved QR-DQN framework to address uncertainties and adversarial tactics,incorporating advanced pilot experience into its reward functions.Extensive simulations reveal Alpha Crash's robust performance,achieving a 91.2%win rate across diverse scenarios by effectively guiding opponents into critical errors.Visualization and altitude analyses illustrate the agent's three-stage crash induction strategies that exploit adversaries'vulnerabilities.These findings underscore Alpha Crash's potential to enhance autonomous decision-making and strategic innovation in real-world air combat applications.展开更多
With increasing the number of wind power generators,the consumption time of electromagnetic simulation of the wind farm explodes.To reduce the simulation time while meeting the accuracy requirement,a genetic clusterin...With increasing the number of wind power generators,the consumption time of electromagnetic simulation of the wind farm explodes.To reduce the simulation time while meeting the accuracy requirement,a genetic clustering-based equivalent model is proposed for the wind farm with numerous doubly fed induction generators.In the proposed model,active power together with the reactive power and the wind speed are selected to form the set of clustering indicators.A normalization technique is utilized to cope with the multiple orders of magnitude in these factors.An exponential fitness value is formulated as a function of the sorting number of the primary fitness value,and the fitness-based selection probability is constructed to overcome the property of premature and slow convergence of the genetic clustering algorithm.The sum of squares due to error is used to determine the optimal clustering number.In addition,a decoupled parameter equivalence method is adopted to obtain the equivalent parameters of the collection network.Simulation results and comparisons with various methods under different voltage scenarios show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model.展开更多
In this paper,a common characteristic of real number system and well ordered set is revealed and proved to be an equivalent form of the Dedekind Axiom or the Continuous Induction in R. Basing on it,we get the unified ...In this paper,a common characteristic of real number system and well ordered set is revealed and proved to be an equivalent form of the Dedekind Axiom or the Continuous Induction in R. Basing on it,we get the unified form of the mathematical induction,the transfinite induction and the continuous induction and generalize induction to totally ordered set that has the same characteristic.展开更多
In this paper,a common characteristic of real number system and well ordered set is revealed and proved to be an equivalent form of the Dedekind Axiom or the Continuous Induction in R. Basing on it,we get the unif...In this paper,a common characteristic of real number system and well ordered set is revealed and proved to be an equivalent form of the Dedekind Axiom or the Continuous Induction in R. Basing on it,we get the unified form of the mathematical induction,the transfinite induction and the continuous induction and generalize induction to totally ordered set that has the same characteristic.展开更多
The effects of induction unloading such as drilling, blasting, lancing and water-infusion softening on weakening of rock mechanics properties were investigated. Three stress paths were chosen as test schemes correspon...The effects of induction unloading such as drilling, blasting, lancing and water-infusion softening on weakening of rock mechanics properties were investigated. Three stress paths were chosen as test schemes corresponding to the triaxial compressive test, pre-peak and post-peak unloading the confining pressure tests. The results show that compression deformation is the main cause of rock failure under loading condition. However, the strong dilatation leads to the rock failure along unloading direction. Rock failure happens even under little axial stress with confining pressure unloading. Poisson ratio increases with the decrease of confining pressure during the process of unloading. Elastic modulus increases slowly along with the decline of confining pressure, but decreases rapidly when unloaded to yielding strength. It shows that the weakening rate of rock intensity tends to be faster with easily failure under the unloading condition.展开更多
With different parts of bulb scale as explants, the proliferation method of Guizhou Lilium brownii were studied with 3% sodium hypochlorite and MS medium with different concentrations of hormones. The results show tha...With different parts of bulb scale as explants, the proliferation method of Guizhou Lilium brownii were studied with 3% sodium hypochlorite and MS medium with different concentrations of hormones. The results show that it is feasible to disinfect the bulbs of Lilium brownii with 3% sodium hypoehlorite, moreover, the sodium hypochlorite is very cheap and harmless to researchers, experimental materials and environment. MS ＋ NAA 0.3 mg/L ＋ 6-BA 1.5 mg/L is optimum for the induction of bulbs and, the basal part of Lilium brownie is the optimum explants. After culture for 25 d on the same medium, the tube bulbs could be obtained with the characteristics of high propagation coefficient, strong and new roots. The survival rate is over 90% for transplantation of tube bulbs with diameter between 1-2cm. The method developed in the present study can proliferate abundant Lilium brownii seedling in short time.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The use of induction immunosuppression agents has improved kidney transplant outcomes,but selecting the optimal agent remains a point of debate.AIM To compare the long-term outcomes of kidney transplant recipients receiving alemtuzumab vs basiliximab induction,focusing on graft function,acute rejection,infection,malignancy,post-transplant glomerulonephritis,and survival,using a propensity score matched cohort design.METHODS Kidney transplant recipients who received alemtuzumab or basiliximab induction from 2014 to 2019 across two nephrology centres in Northwest England were evaluated.Propensity score matching at a 1:1.5 ratio ensured comparability between cohorts.Baseline characteristics,immunosuppression regimens,and outcomes were analyzed.Linear,binary logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models.RESULTS A total of 436 recipients were included,with a median follow-up of 5.2 years.The matched cohort(n=262)had a mean age of 51.1±13.5 years;39%were female and 92%were white.There was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of acute rejection[odds ratio(OR)=2.10;95%CI:0.9-4.9;P=0.110].Compared with basiliximab,alemtuzumab was associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at 12 months(-6.6 mL/minute/1.73 m2;95%CI:-10.5 to-2.7;P<0.001)and higher risks of cytomegalovirus viremia(OR=3.2;95%CI:1.6-6.5;P<0.001),BK viremia(OR=2.4;95%CI:1.1-5.5;P=0.02),post-transplant malignancy(OR=6.2;95%CI:1.6-29.9;P=0.013),and death-censored graft loss(hazard ratio=3.6;95%CI:1.2-11.4;P=0.03).No significant differences were observed in post-transplant glomerulonephritis or recipient mortality.CONCLUSION In this propensity score-matched analysis,alemtuzumab induction was associated with lower graft function at 12 months and higher risks of viral infection,post-transplant malignancy,and graft loss compared with basiliximab.These findings highlight the need for further studies to confirm the long-term safety and effectiveness of alemtuzumab in kidney transplantation.
文摘Kidney transplantation(KT)accounts for nearly three-fourths of organ transplants in India,with living donors contributing to 82%of cases.Induction immunosuppression is essential to optimize initial immunosuppression,reduce acute rejections,and enable tailored use of maintenance agents.Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin(rATG)and interleukin-2 receptor anatagonists(IL-2RA/IL-2RBs)are the most widely used induction therapies.However,data on induction practices across India are limited.To evaluate induction immunosuppression practices across KT centers in India and establish a consensus for different subsets of KT recipients.A nationwide online survey was conducted by the Indian Society of Organ Transplantation(ISOT)among its members(400 KT centers).Responses were analyzed to assess induction practices across diverse donor types,age groups,and immunological risk profiles.Heterogeneity in practices prompted consensus building using a modified Delphi process.Literature review and expert panel discussions(April 2024)were followed by structured voting,and 16 consensus statements were finalized.Of 400 centers approached,254 participated.rATG was the most commonly used induction therapy,followed by IL-2RBs;alemtuzumab was least used.Significant heterogeneity was observed in type,dose,and duration of induction therapy.Consensus recommendations were framed:rATG for high immunological risk recipients and deceased donor KTs;IL-2RB or low-dose rATG for low immunological risk;rituximab in ABOincompatible KTs;and tailoring based on age,diabetes,donor type,infection risk,and affordability.This first ISOT consensus provides 16 India-specific statements on induction therapy in KT.It emphasizes risk-stratified,evidenceinformed,and context-appropriate induction strategies,supporting standardization of care across the country.
基金supported by the Nanfan Special Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant Nos.YBXM2320 and YBXM2433)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(Grant No.SCKJ-JYRC-2024-58)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-CNRRI).
文摘Doubled haploid(DH)technology has revolutionized crop breeding by enabling the production of homozygous lines in a single generation.In vivo haploid induction(HI)offers a more widely applicable approach that can significantly improve DH breeding efficiency.ToPAR,a parthenogenesis gene,originally identified in dandelion(Taraxacum officinale),has been characterized.Researchers have successfully induced haploid embryo-like structures and haploid offspring in lettuce and foxtail millet,respectively.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China project (2017YFC0805309)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60602020)。
文摘To improve the efficiency of ship traffic in frequently traded sea areas and respond to the national“dual-carbon”strategy,a multi-objective ship route induction model is proposed.Considering the energy-saving and environmental issues of ships,this study aims to improve the transportation efficiency of ships by providing a ship route induction method.Ship data from a certain bay during a defined period are collected,and an improved backpropagation neural network algorithm is used to forecast ship traffic.On the basis of the forecasted data and ship route induction objectives,dynamic programming of ship routes is performed.Experimental results show that the routes planned using this induction method reduce the combined cost by 17.55%compared with statically induced routes.This method has promising engineering applications in improving ship navigation efficiency,promoting energy conservation,and reducing emissions.
基金the Istanbul Technical University Scientific Research Projects Unit with grant number MGA-2022-43948。
文摘The hyperloop idea,which is one of the most ecofriendly,low-carbon emissions,and fossil fuel-efficient modes of transportation,has recently become quite popular.In this study,a double-sided linear induction motor(LIM)with 500 W of output power,60 N of thrust force and 200 V/38.58 Hz of supply voltage was designed to be used in hyperloop development competition hosted by the scientific and technological research council of turkey(TüB?TAK)rail transportation technologies institute(RUTE).In contrast to the studies in the literature,concentrated winding is preferred instead of distributed winding due to mechanical constraints.The electromagnetic design of LIM,whose mechanical and electrical requirements were determined considering the hyperloop development competition,was carried out by following certain steps.Then,the designed model was simulated and analyzed by finite element method(FEM),and the necessary optimizations have been performed to improve the motor characteristics.By examining the final model,the applicability of the concentrated winding type LIM for hyperloop technology has been investigated.Besides,the effects of primary material,railway material,and mechanical air-gap length on LIM performance were also investigated.In the practical phase of the study,the designed LIM has been prototyped and tested.The validation of the experimental results was achieved through good agreement with the finite element analysis results.
文摘As one of the most important industrially viable methods for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization,methanol synthesis serves as a platform for production of green fuels and commodity chemicals.For sustainable methanol synthesis,In_(2)O_(3)is an ideal catalyst and has garnered significant attention.Herein,cubic In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles were prepared via the precipitation method and evaluated for CO_(2)hydrogenation to produce methanol.During the initial 10 h of reaction,CO_(2)conversion gradually increased,accompanied by a slow decrease of methanol selectivity,and the reaction reached equilibrium after 10-20 h on stream.This activation and induction stage may be attributed to the sintering of In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles and the creation of more oxygen vacancies on In_(2)O_(3)surfaces.Further experimental studies demonstrate that hydrogen induction created additional oxygen vacancies during the catalyst activation stage,enhancing the performance of In_(2)O_(3)catalyst for CO_(2)hydrogenation.Density functional theory calculations and microkinetic simulations further demonstrated that surfaces with higher oxygen vacancy coverages or hydroxylated surfaces formed during this induction period can enhance the reaction rate and increase the CO_(2)conversion.However,they predominantly promote the formation of CO instead of methanol,leading to reduced methanol selectivity.These predictions align well with the above-mentioned experimental observations.Our work thus provides an in-depth analysis of the induction stage of the CO_(2)hydrogenation process on In_(2)O_(3)nano-catalyst,and offers valuable insights for significantly improving the CO_(2)reactivity of In_(2)O_(3)-based catalysts while maintaining long-term stability.
文摘BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral,selective Janus kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The 8-week induction protocol involves the administration of 10 mg twice daily(bid)with the possibility of extending the induction period to 16 weeks.The maintenance dose of tofacitinib is either 5 mg or 10 mg bid.AIM To assess predictors for clinical remission and drug persistence in patients with UC receiving the extended induction tofacitinib protocol.METHODS This was a real-world multicenter retrospective study in patients with moderateto-severe UC.Patients received physician-directed extended induction tofacitinib treatment.We collected clinical and demographic data at baseline and data regarding clinical,laboratory,and endoscopic evaluations,therapeutic modifications,and adverse events at the 52-week follow-up.Possible predictors for clinical remission at week 52 was the primary endpoint.Differences between patients receiving 5 mg bid vs 10 mg bid at week 52 and identification of predictors for treatment persistence were secondary endpoints.RESULTS Thirty-seven consecutive patients from 11 medical centers were included[51.4%males with median age 39(17-64)years].Twenty-eight patients continued treatment until week 52(75.7%)with 67.9%receiving 10 mg tofacitinib;all had prior history of biologic use.We observed that 57.1%of patients achieved clinical remission(66.7%in the 5 mg tofacitinib group and 52.6%in the 10 mg tofacitinib group,P=0.483).De-escalation to 5 mg tofacitinib was attempted in 17 patients with a success rate of 52.9%.Prior biologic use was significantly more frequent in patients treated with 10 mg tofacitinib.Active smoking was significantly associated with treatment discontinuation at week 52.We identified eight adverse events,and only one led to treatment discontinuation.CONCLUSION Our results supported the extended induction strategy with tofacitinib in selected patients with UC.Patients with prior failure of advanced therapies particularly benefitted,highlighting the importance of personalized maintenance regimens.
基金financially supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Key R&D Program(Modern Agriculture)(BE2023313)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901535)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-03).
文摘The identification of haploid induction genes has promoted the advancement of several breeding technologies.Haploid induction genes in wheat,coupled with visual marker,have led to the establishment of a novel in vivo doubled-haploid(DH)technology.When combined with dominant male sterile genes,this innovative DH method presents a promising avenue for high-throughput production of DH lines.Furthermore,the application of haploid induction genes has facilitated the establishment of other innovative breeding technologies,such as HI-Edit and cyto-swapping in creating cytoplasmic male sterility lines,as well as synthetic apomixis.This review summarizes the progress of DH technology in wheat and presents examples of application of haploid induction genes in accelerating breeding practices,aiming to promote the development of these innovative technologies in wheat and enhancing wheat breeding efficiency.
文摘In the anticorrosive coating line of a welded tube plant, the current status and existing problems of the medium-frequency induction heating equipment were discussed.Partial renovations of the power control cabinet have been conducted.Parameters such as the DC current, DC voltage, intermediate frequency power, heating temperature, and the positioning signal at the pipe end were collected.A data acquisition and processing system, which can process data according to user needs and provide convenient data processing functions, has been developed using LabVIEW software.This system has been successfully applied in the coating line for the automatic control of high-power induction heating equipment, production management, and digital steel tube and/or digital delivery.
基金Supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-B-119.
文摘BACKGROUND Splenic artery aneurysm(SAA)rupture is a rare,life-threatening condition characterized by acute intra-abdominal hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability.Ruptured SAAs may exhibit a biphasic and relatively slow clinical progression,commonly referred to as the“double-rupture phenomenon”.The reported incidence of the double-rupture phenomenon ranges 12%-21%in patients with ruptured SAAs,potentially due to variations in intra-abdominal pressure.Following anesthesia induction,muscle relaxation can decrease intra-abdominal pressure,potentially triggering the double-rupture phenomenon and leading to circulatory collapse.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old female presented to the Department of Emergency with upper abdominal pain,abdominal distension,dizziness,and vomiting.Her vital signs were initially stable.Physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness and positive-shifting dullness.Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed cirrhosis,severe portal hypertension,and splenomegaly.Acute rupture was suggested by a hematoma on the upper left side outside the SAA.Surgeons deemed intravascular intervention challenging and open splenectomy inevitable.Circulatory collapse occurred after anesthesia induction,likely due to a double rupture of the SAA.This double-rupture phenomenon may have resulted from an initial rupture of the SAA into the omental bursa,forming a hematoma that exerted a tamponade effect.A second rupture into the peritoneal cavity may have been triggered by decreased intra-abdominal pressure following anesthesia induction.The patient’s life was saved through early,coordinated,multidisciplinary significant postoperative bleeding or hypoxic encephalopathy.CONCLUSION Anesthesia-induced pressure reduction may trigger a second SAA rupture,causing collapse.Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary teamwork improve outcomes.This is a rare and life-threatening case of SAA rupture,which is of great significance to the medical community for understanding and handling such emergencies.
文摘Wireless communications in extreme environments,such as underwater and underground,is an essential technology for interconnecting various devices and enables data transmission and networking.Existing wireless technologies using electromagnetic(EM)waves face many known problems,such as high path loss,unpredictable multi-path fading,and large antenna size in the lossy medium.In this article,the magnetic induction(MI)based physical layer communication is introduced as a promising solution for wireless transmissions in extreme environments.Specifically,the fundamentals of the MI-based communications are reviewed.Then,with the goal of establishing reliable and low-power links between small-size devices,we review several key physical layer technologies for MI-based communications,including the MIbased signal modulations,magnetic beamforming,and relay transmissions,and summarize their state-of-theart research advances.Finally,the related open issues and challenges in each area are analyzed and presented for future investigations.
文摘Objective: This study evaluates the impact of handshake and information support on patients’ outcomes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It examines the effects on their physiological and psychological responses and overall satisfaction with nursing care. Methods: A total of 84 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were selected through convenient sampling and randomly assigned to either the control group or the intervention group using a random number table. Each group consisted of 42 patients. The control group received standard surgical nursing care. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received handshake and information support from the circulating nurse before anesthesia induction. Vital signs were recorded before surgery and before anesthesia induction. Anxiety levels were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the State-Anxiety Inventory (S-AI), while nursing satisfaction was assessed using a numerical rating scale. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups in systolic and diastolic blood pressures before surgery and anesthesia induction (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in heart rate before anesthesia induction (P Conclusion: Providing handshake and information support before anesthesia induction effectively reduces stress, alleviates anxiety, and enhances comfort and satisfaction among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
基金conducted in a project within M-ERA.NET 3 with support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research,innovation program under grant agreement No.958174,Vinnova(Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems)the financial support from the LTU CREATERNITY program+1 种基金the J.Gust Richert Foundationthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A20122)。
文摘Quasi-solid-state composite electrolytes(QSCEs)show promise for high-performance solid-state batteries,while they still struggle with interfacial stability and cycling performance.Herein,a F-grafted QSCE(F-QSCE)was developed via copolymerizing the F monomers and ionic liquid monomers.The F-QSCE demonstrates better overall performance,such as high ionic conductivity of 1.21 mS cm^(-1)at 25℃,wide electrochemical windows of 5.20 V,and stable cycling stability for Li//Li symmetric cells over 4000 h.This is attributed to the significant electronegativity difference between C and F in the fluorinated chain(-CF_(2)-CF-CF_(3)),which causes the electron cloud to shift toward the F atom,surrounding it with a negative charge and producing the inductive effect.Furthermore,the interactions between Li^(+)and F,TFSI~-,and C are enhanced,reducing ion pair aggregation(Li^(+)-TFSI~--Li^(+))and promoting Li^(+)transport.Besides,-CF_(2)-CF-CF_(3)decomposes to form Li F preferentially over TFSI~-,resulting in better interfacial stability for F-QSCE.This work provides a pathway to enable the development of high-performance Li metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government(Grant Nos.NRF-2020R1A2C1007778 and RS-2024-00454908)。
文摘This study explores the broad-spectrum application of OsRALF26,a small secreted peptide belonging to the rapid alkalinization factor(RALF)family in rice.We found that the rice genome carries numerous lineage-specific OsRALFs,suggesting that this evolutionary expansion could be the result of an arms race with pathogens.Among them,we focused on the Oryza-specific Os RALF26 and its closest homolog,OsRALF27,analyzing their effects across a range of plant species from monocots to dicots.The exogenous application of OsRALF26 significantly reduced bacterial populations in rice challenged with Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)and in Arabidopsis and tomato challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato DC3000(Pst DC3000),whereas Os RALF27 did not enhance resistance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3300602)。
文摘Within-Visual-Range(WVR)air combat is a highly dynamic and uncertain domain where effective strategies require intelligent and adaptive decision-making.Traditional approaches,including rule-based methods and conventional Reinforcement Learning(RL)algorithms,often focus on maximizing engagement outcomes through direct combat superiority.However,these methods overlook alternative tactics,such as inducing adversaries to crash,which can achieve decisive victories with lower risk and cost.This study proposes Alpha Crash,a novel distributional-rein forcement-learning-based agent specifically designed to defeat opponents by leveraging crash induction strategies.The approach integrates an improved QR-DQN framework to address uncertainties and adversarial tactics,incorporating advanced pilot experience into its reward functions.Extensive simulations reveal Alpha Crash's robust performance,achieving a 91.2%win rate across diverse scenarios by effectively guiding opponents into critical errors.Visualization and altitude analyses illustrate the agent's three-stage crash induction strategies that exploit adversaries'vulnerabilities.These findings underscore Alpha Crash's potential to enhance autonomous decision-making and strategic innovation in real-world air combat applications.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFE0114700)the Key R&D Program in Hunan Province of China(No.2021GK2020)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(No.2021JJ30079)the Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Yiyang City(No.2022YS191)。
文摘With increasing the number of wind power generators,the consumption time of electromagnetic simulation of the wind farm explodes.To reduce the simulation time while meeting the accuracy requirement,a genetic clustering-based equivalent model is proposed for the wind farm with numerous doubly fed induction generators.In the proposed model,active power together with the reactive power and the wind speed are selected to form the set of clustering indicators.A normalization technique is utilized to cope with the multiple orders of magnitude in these factors.An exponential fitness value is formulated as a function of the sorting number of the primary fitness value,and the fitness-based selection probability is constructed to overcome the property of premature and slow convergence of the genetic clustering algorithm.The sum of squares due to error is used to determine the optimal clustering number.In addition,a decoupled parameter equivalence method is adopted to obtain the equivalent parameters of the collection network.Simulation results and comparisons with various methods under different voltage scenarios show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model.
文摘In this paper,a common characteristic of real number system and well ordered set is revealed and proved to be an equivalent form of the Dedekind Axiom or the Continuous Induction in R. Basing on it,we get the unified form of the mathematical induction,the transfinite induction and the continuous induction and generalize induction to totally ordered set that has the same characteristic.
文摘In this paper,a common characteristic of real number system and well ordered set is revealed and proved to be an equivalent form of the Dedekind Axiom or the Continuous Induction in R. Basing on it,we get the unified form of the mathematical induction,the transfinite induction and the continuous induction and generalize induction to totally ordered set that has the same characteristic.
基金Project (51074178) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (20110162120056) supported by the Special Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject (2011QNZT089) supported by the Young Teachers Boosting Special Subject of Central South University,China
文摘The effects of induction unloading such as drilling, blasting, lancing and water-infusion softening on weakening of rock mechanics properties were investigated. Three stress paths were chosen as test schemes corresponding to the triaxial compressive test, pre-peak and post-peak unloading the confining pressure tests. The results show that compression deformation is the main cause of rock failure under loading condition. However, the strong dilatation leads to the rock failure along unloading direction. Rock failure happens even under little axial stress with confining pressure unloading. Poisson ratio increases with the decrease of confining pressure during the process of unloading. Elastic modulus increases slowly along with the decline of confining pressure, but decreases rapidly when unloaded to yielding strength. It shows that the weakening rate of rock intensity tends to be faster with easily failure under the unloading condition.
基金Supported by the Nomarch Funds for Excellent Science and Technology Teachers of Guizhou Province(S2004-17)the Special Foundation for Im-proving Scientific Research Condition of Guizhou Province(Q2005-4)the Doctor Startup of Guiyang Medical College(C2005-6)~~
文摘With different parts of bulb scale as explants, the proliferation method of Guizhou Lilium brownii were studied with 3% sodium hypochlorite and MS medium with different concentrations of hormones. The results show that it is feasible to disinfect the bulbs of Lilium brownii with 3% sodium hypoehlorite, moreover, the sodium hypochlorite is very cheap and harmless to researchers, experimental materials and environment. MS ＋ NAA 0.3 mg/L ＋ 6-BA 1.5 mg/L is optimum for the induction of bulbs and, the basal part of Lilium brownie is the optimum explants. After culture for 25 d on the same medium, the tube bulbs could be obtained with the characteristics of high propagation coefficient, strong and new roots. The survival rate is over 90% for transplantation of tube bulbs with diameter between 1-2cm. The method developed in the present study can proliferate abundant Lilium brownii seedling in short time.
