Diplodia tip blight,caused by Diplodia sapinea,is a global pine necrotic disease causing heavy economic losses to the pine industry.Chemical control,its main current management,easily induces pathogen resistance and e...Diplodia tip blight,caused by Diplodia sapinea,is a global pine necrotic disease causing heavy economic losses to the pine industry.Chemical control,its main current management,easily induces pathogen resistance and environmental pollution,which biological control avoids.This study investigated juniper essential oil’s efficacy against the disease on Mongolian Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)and its induced resistance mechanisms via pot experiments,physiological assays(defense enzyme activities,resistant substances)and metabolomic sequencing(secondary metabolites).Results showed varied efficacy:three foliar sprays of 10μL mL^(-1) oil achieved the best control phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(82.9%).The 20μL mL^(-1) treatment significantly increased(PPO)activities,and contents of lignin,flavonoids and total phenolics.Metabolomic analysis showed 326 upregulated and 527 downregulated different metabolites in essential oilinduced and pathogen-inoculated pines,compared to 483 upregulated and 277 downregulated metabolites in noninduced but inoculated pines.The differentially expressed metabolites in treated pines were primarily enriched in pathways related to amino acid metabolism and plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis,with notably increased expression levels of ferulic acid,scopoletin,pipecolic acid,D-proline,and DL-arginine.Therefore,juniper essential oil protects against D.sapinea by inducing systemic acquired resistance in Mongolian Scots pine.In conclusion,juniper essential oil controls D.sapinea by inducing systemic acquired resistance(SAR)in Mongolian Scots pine,clarifying the molecular mechanism and supporting biological control of the disease.展开更多
While injection-induced seismicity has been widely studied,its implications for CO_(2)geological storage require reevaluation due to distinct fluid-rock interactions.This study develops a coupled hydromechanical model...While injection-induced seismicity has been widely studied,its implications for CO_(2)geological storage require reevaluation due to distinct fluid-rock interactions.This study develops a coupled hydromechanical model incorporating rate-and-state friction laws to investigate fault reactivation mechanisms during early-stage CO_(2)injection.The competing effects of pore pressure diffusion and fluid pressurization are systematically investigated,considering three key factors:permeability variations within fault damage zones,normal stress variation coefficients,and injection parameters.Numerical simulations reveal that slower CO_(2)migration causes limited pressure perturbation(<0.3 MPa over 15 d)compared to single-phase fluid injection.Fluid pressurization enhances fault strength and delays reactivation,though this stabilizing effect diminishes in low-permeability damage zones.Highly permeable damage zones promote larger rupture areas despite strengthening from pressurization,as reduced effective stress accelerates failure.Paradoxically,while fluid pressurization increases fault strength,it simultaneously elevates seismic risk through amplified stress drops during slip events.Temporal analysis shows that fluid pressurization dominates initial fault response,while sustained pore pressure diffusion ultimately drives reactivation.Increased normal stress variation coefficients and injection rates accelerate localized rupture initiation but restrict propagation due to non-critically stressed states.This discrepancy demonstrates that regions with positive Coulomb failure stress changes do not correlate well with actual slip zones.These findings highlight the critical interplay between transient pressurization effects and progressive pressure diffusion during early CO_(2)injection phases,providing crucial insights for seismic risk management in CO_(2)storage projects.展开更多
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)is an eco-friendly technology for soil improvement.Although numerous experiments have been conducted to solidify sand foundations using MICP,the mechanisms by w...Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)is an eco-friendly technology for soil improvement.Although numerous experiments have been conducted to solidify sand foundations using MICP,the mechanisms by which grain interfacial morphologies influencethe MICP process remain unclear.This study utilized 3D-printed flowcells with different boundary morphologies to investigate the effects of interfacial morphologies on the MICP process.CaCO_(3)precipitation characteristics were investigated through microscopic observation and image quantificationanalysis.The results indicate that low flowvelocities near the interface promote bacterial accumulation due to reduced hydrodynamic shear forces.Rough interfaces,compared to smooth ones,enhance bacterial adsorption owing to the larger regions of low flowvelocity,increased surface area,and the formation of local eddies,which promote greater CaCO_(3)precipitation.Compared to the regions away from the interface,a higher abundance of small CaCO_(3)crystals is observed near the interface because of the high urease activity from bacteria and the reduced shear-induced entrainment due to the low flowvelocity.Besides,larger crystals also preferentially precipitate in proximity to interfaces as the low flowvelocity enhances crystal growth according to the particle attachment theory.The presence of rough interfaces further reduces flowvelocities,leading to the precipitation of larger and more densely packed CaCO_(3)crystals.Therefore,rough interfaces promote the microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation.This work is expected to enhance the understanding of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation characteristics on solid surfaces such as soil grains and contribute to the optimization of MICP applications.展开更多
Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of repairing nerve defects through acellular allogeneic nerve grafting with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.However,adult tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells en...Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of repairing nerve defects through acellular allogeneic nerve grafting with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.However,adult tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells encounter various obstacles,including limited tissue sources,invasive acquisition methods,cellular heterogeneity,purification challenges,cellular senescence,and diminished pluripotency and proliferation over successive passages.In this study,we used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells,known for their self-renewal capacity,multilineage differentiation potential,and immunomodulatory characteristics.We used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in conjunction with acellular nerve allografts to address a 10 mm-long defect in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.Our findings reveal that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibit survival for up to 17 days in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury with acellular nerve allograft transplantation.Furthermore,the combination of acellular nerve allograft and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly accelerates the regeneration of injured axons and improves behavioral function recovery in rats.Additionally,our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells play a pivotal role in promoting neovascularization.Collectively,our results suggest the potential of acellular nerve allografts with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells to augment nerve regeneration in rats,offering promising therapeutic strategies for clinical translation.展开更多
BACKGROUND The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells revolutionized regenerative medicine,providing a source for generating induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells(iMSCs).AIM To evaluate and...BACKGROUND The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells revolutionized regenerative medicine,providing a source for generating induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells(iMSCs).AIM To evaluate and compare five iMSC differentiation protocols,assessing their efficiency,phenotypic characteristics,and functional properties relative to primary mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).METHODS Five iMSC differentiation protocols were assessed:SB431542-based differentiation(iMSC1,iMSC3),an iMatrix-free method(iMSC2),growth factor supplementation(iMSC4),and embryoid body formation with retinoic acid(EB-iMSC).iMSC identity was confirmed according to the International Society for Cell&Gene Therapy 2006 criteria,requiring expression of surface markers(CD105,CD73,CD90)and absence of pluripotency markers.Functional assays were conducted to evaluate differentiation potential(osteogenic and adipogenic),proliferation,mitochondrial function,reactive oxygen species,senescence,and migration.RESULTS All iMSC types expressed MSC markers and lacked pluripotency markers.EBiMSC and iMSC2 showed enhanced osteogenesis(runt-related transcription factor 2;P≤0.01 and P≤0.0001,respectively),while adipogenic potential was reduced in iMSC2(Adipsin;P≤0.01)and EB-iMSC(Adipsin and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma;P≤0.0001 and P≤0.01,respectively).Proliferation was comparable or superior to bone marrow MSCs,except in iMSC1,with iMSC4 showing the highest rate(MTT assay;P values ranged from 0.01 to 0.001).Despite reduced mitochondrial health in iMSC3 and iMSC4(P≤0.001),reactive oxygen species levels were lower in all iMSCs(P values ranged from 0.001 to 0.0001),and senescence was significantly reduced in all iMSCs with the exception of iMSC1(P values ranged from 0.01 to 0.0001).Migration was most reduced in iMSC4(P≤0.001 at 24 hours and P≤0.0001 at 48 hours).CONCLUSION While all protocols generated functional iMSCs,variations in differentiation,proliferation,and function emphasize the impact of protocol selection.These findings contribute to optimizing iMSC generation for research and clinical applications.展开更多
Microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP)and Enzyme induced calcite precipitation(EICP)techniques were implemented to reinforce the large-scale calcareous sand in this study.Then a coupled numerical model to pre...Microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP)and Enzyme induced calcite precipitation(EICP)techniques were implemented to reinforce the large-scale calcareous sand in this study.Then a coupled numerical model to predict the biochemical reactions and hydraulic characteristics of MICP and EICP reactions was proposed and verified by physical experiments.Results showed that:This model could describe the variations of bacteria,calcium,calcite,permeability over time reasonably.It is necessary to consider the influence of the calculation domain scale when simulating the convection-diffusionreaction in the multi-process of MICP and EICP reactions.The numerical and experimental values of calcite content are 0.841 g/cm^(3) and 0.861 g/cm^(3) for MICP-reinforced sand,0.263 g/cm^(3) and 0.227 g/cm^(3) for EICP-reinforced sand after 192 h of reaction.The reaction rate k_(rea) is an important parameter to control the calcite content.Accordingly,the permeability coefficient of MICP and EICP reinforced calcareous sand decreases by 32%and 18%.Due to the influence of substance transportation and calcite precipitation,the calcite shows a trend of decreasing firstly and then increasing with the enhancing of the initial permeability coefficient in biochemical reactions.The optimal injecting ratio q11:q12 in this study is 100:300 mL/min.The process for the application of MICP and EICP coupled numerical model is also recommended,which provides reference for engineering projects in ground improvement.展开更多
Heterogeneous structure exhibits superiority in improving mechanical properties,whereas their effects on fatigue damage properties have rarely been studied.In this work,we employed a high-throughput gradient heat trea...Heterogeneous structure exhibits superiority in improving mechanical properties,whereas their effects on fatigue damage properties have rarely been studied.In this work,we employed a high-throughput gradient heat treatment method(757−857℃)to rapidly acquire the solution microstructure of the Ti-6554 alloy with different recrystallization degrees(0%,40%and 100%),followed by the same aging treatment.The results showed that theβ-hetero structure exhibited a yield strength(σ_(YS))of 1403 MPa,an increase of 6.7%,and a remarkable improvement in uniform elongation(UE)of 109.7%,reaching 6.5%,compared to the homogeneous structure.Interestingly,introducing a heterogeneous structure not only overcame the traditional trade-off between strength and ductility but also enhanced fatigue crack propagation(FCP)performance.During FCP process,β-hetero structure,through hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening effects,promoted the accumulation of geometric necessary dislocations(GNDs)within coarseα_(S) phase,enabling faster attainment of the critical shear stress of twinning and increasing twinning density.This facilitated stress relief,improved plastic deformation in the crack tip zone,and increased the critical fast fracture threshold from 30.4 to 36.0 MPa·m^(1/2)showing an enlarged steady state propagation region.This study provides valuable insights on tailoring fatigue damage tolerance through heterogeneous structure for titanium alloys.展开更多
The prognosis of drug-induced acute liver failure(ALF)is poor,with a survival rate of 27.1%without liver transplantation.Liver transplantation significantly improved survival rates to 66.2%.[1]The shortage of availabl...The prognosis of drug-induced acute liver failure(ALF)is poor,with a survival rate of 27.1%without liver transplantation.Liver transplantation significantly improved survival rates to 66.2%.[1]The shortage of available grafts can be addressed by living donor liver transplantation(LDLT),an effective and safe method that expands the donor pool,enhances timely transplantation,and improves patient survival.展开更多
Microglial activation that occurs rapidly after closed head injury may play important and complex roles in neuroinflammation-associated neuronal damage and repair.We previously reported that induced neural stem cells ...Microglial activation that occurs rapidly after closed head injury may play important and complex roles in neuroinflammation-associated neuronal damage and repair.We previously reported that induced neural stem cells can modulate the behavior of activated microglia via CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling,influencing their activation such that they can promote neurological recovery.However,the mechanism of CXCR4 upregulation in induced neural stem cells remains unclear.In this study,we found that nuclear factor-κB activation induced by closed head injury mouse serum in microglia promoted CXCL12 and tumor necrosis factor-αexpression but suppressed insulin-like growth factor-1 expression.However,recombinant complement receptor 2-conjugated Crry(CR2-Crry)reduced the effects of closed head injury mouse serum-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in microglia and the levels of activated microglia,CXCL12,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Additionally,we observed that,in response to stimulation(including stimulation by CXCL12 secreted by activated microglia),CXCR4 and Crry levels can be upregulated in induced neural stem cells via the interplay among CXCL12/CXCR4,Crry,and Akt signaling to modulate microglial activation.In agreement with these in vitro experimental results,we found that Akt activation enhanced the immunoregulatory effects of induced neural stem cell grafts on microglial activation,leading to the promotion of neurological recovery via insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion and the neuroprotective effects of induced neural stem cell grafts through CXCR4 and Crry upregulation in the injured cortices of closed head injury mice.Notably,these beneficial effects of Akt activation in induced neural stem cells were positively correlated with the therapeutic effects of induced neural stem cells on neuronal injury,cerebral edema,and neurological disorders post–closed head injury.In conclusion,our findings reveal that Akt activation may enhance the immunoregulatory effects of induced neural stem cells on microglial activation via upregulation of CXCR4 and Crry,thereby promoting induced neural stem cell–mediated improvement of neuronal injury,cerebral edema,and neurological disorders following closed head injury.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION.According to the China Earthquake Networks Center,an M6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,on 7 January 2025 at 9:05 a.m.local time.The epicenter is located at 28.5°N,...0 INTRODUCTION.According to the China Earthquake Networks Center,an M6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,on 7 January 2025 at 9:05 a.m.local time.The epicenter is located at 28.5°N,87.45°E,with a depth of~10 km.展开更多
To investigate the wind⁃induced vibration re⁃sponse characteristics of multispan double⁃layer cable photo⁃voltaic(PV)support structures,wind tunnel tests using an aeroelastic model were carried out to obtain the wind⁃...To investigate the wind⁃induced vibration re⁃sponse characteristics of multispan double⁃layer cable photo⁃voltaic(PV)support structures,wind tunnel tests using an aeroelastic model were carried out to obtain the wind⁃induced vibration response data of a three⁃span four⁃row double⁃layer cable PV support system.The wind⁃induced vibration characteristics with different PV module tilt angles,wind speeds,and wind direction angles were analyzed.The results showed that the double⁃layer cable large⁃span flexible PV support can effectively control the wind⁃induced vibration response and prevent the occur⁃rence of flutter under strong wind conditions.The maxi⁃mum value of the wind⁃induced vibration displacement of the flexible PV support system occurs in the windward first row.The upstream module has a significant shading effect on the downstream module,with a maximum effect of 23%.The most unfavorable wind direction angles of the structure are 0°and 180°.The change of the wind direction angle in the range of 0°to 30°has little effect on the wind vi⁃bration response.The change in the tilt angle of the PV modules has a greater impact on the wind vibration in the downwind direction and a smaller impact in the upwind di⁃rection.Special attention should be paid to the structural wind⁃resistant design of such systems in the upwind side span.展开更多
The Taklimakan Desert,located in the heart of central Asia,covers approximately 330000 km^(2),making it China's largest desert and the world's second-largest shifting desert(Dong et al.,2024).With an average a...The Taklimakan Desert,located in the heart of central Asia,covers approximately 330000 km^(2),making it China's largest desert and the world's second-largest shifting desert(Dong et al.,2024).With an average annual precipitation of less than 100 mm and evaporation rates ranging from 2000 to 3000 mm(Yang et al.,2020),it is recognized as one of the driest regions on Earth,often referred to as the“sea of death”.展开更多
Discrete fracture network(DFN)commonly existing in natural rock masses plays an important role in geological complexity which can influence rock fracturing behaviour during fluid injection.This paper simulated the hyd...Discrete fracture network(DFN)commonly existing in natural rock masses plays an important role in geological complexity which can influence rock fracturing behaviour during fluid injection.This paper simulated the hydraulic fracturing process in lab-scale coal samples with DFNs and the induced seismic activities by the discrete element method(DEM).The effects of DFNs on hydraulic fracturing,induced seismicity and elastic property changes have been concluded.Denser DFNs can comprehensively decrease the peak injection pressure and injection duration.The proportion of strong seismic events increases first and then decreases with increasing DFN density.In addition,the relative modulus of the rock mass is derived innovatively from breakdown pressure,breakdown fracture length and the related initiation time.Increasing DFN densities among large(35–60 degrees)and small(0–30 degrees)fracture dip angles show opposite evolution trends in relative modulus.The transitional point(dip angle)for the opposite trends is also proportionally affected by the friction angle of the rock mass.The modelling results have much practical meaning to infer the density and geometry of pre-existing fractures and the elastic property of rock mass in the field,simply based on the hydraulic fracturing and induced seismicity monitoring data.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and abnormal osteoclast activation,leading to bone destruction.We previously demonstrated that the large extracellular loop(LEL)of Tm4sf19...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and abnormal osteoclast activation,leading to bone destruction.We previously demonstrated that the large extracellular loop(LEL)of Tm4sf19 is important for its function in osteoclast differentiation,and LEL-Fc,a competitive inhibitor of Tm4sf19,effectively suppresses osteoclast multinucleation and prevent bone loss associated with osteoporosis.This study aimed to investigate the role of Tm4sf19 in RA,an inflammatory and abnormal osteoclast disease,using a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA).Tm4sf19 expression was observed in macrophages and osteoclasts within the inflamed synovium,and Tm4sf19 expression was increased together with inflammatory genes in the joint bones of CIA-induced mice compared with the sham control group.Inhibition of Tm4sf19 by LEL-Fc demonstrated both preventive and therapeutic effects in a CIA mouse model,reducing the CIA score,swelling,inflammation,cartilage damage,and bone damage.Knockout of Tm4sf19 gene or inhibition of Tm4sf19 activity by LEL-Fc suppressed LPS/IFN-γ-induced TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling in macrophages.LEL-Fc disrupted not only the interaction between Tm4sf19 and TLR4/MD2,but also the interaction between TLR4 and MD2.μCT analysis showed that LEL-Fc treatment significantly reduced joint bone destruction and bone loss caused by hyperactivated osteoclasts in CIA mice.Taken together,these findings suggest that LELFc may be a potential treatment for RA and RA-induced osteoporosis by simultaneously targeting joint inflammation and bone destruction caused by abnormal osteoclast activation.展开更多
The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in affected patient brains is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease,the second most common human neurodegenerative disease.Although the detailed patho...The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in affected patient brains is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease,the second most common human neurodegenerative disease.Although the detailed pathogenesis accounting for dopaminergic neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease is still unclear,the advancement of stem cell approaches has shown promise for Parkinson's disease research and therapy.The induced pluripotent stem cells have been commonly used to generate dopaminergic neurons,which has provided valuable insights to improve our understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and contributed to anti-Parkinson's disease therapies.The current review discusses the practical approaches and potential applications of induced pluripotent stem cell techniques for generating and differentiating dopaminergic neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells.The benefits of induced pluripotent stem cell-based research are highlighted.Various dopaminergic neuron differentiation protocols from induced pluripotent stem cells are compared.The emerging three-dimension-based brain organoid models compared with conventional two-dimensional cell culture are evaluated.Finally,limitations,challenges,and future directions of induced pluripotent stem cell–based approaches are analyzed and proposed,which will be significant to the future application of induced pluripotent stem cell-related techniques for Parkinson's disease.展开更多
In recent years,the progression of stem cell therapies has shown great promise in advancing the nascent field of regenerative medicine.Considering the non-regenerative nature of the mature central nervous system,the c...In recent years,the progression of stem cell therapies has shown great promise in advancing the nascent field of regenerative medicine.Considering the non-regenerative nature of the mature central nervous system,the concept that“blank”cells could be reprogrammed and functionally integrated into host neural networks remained intriguing.Previous work has also demonstrated the ability of such cells to stimulate intrinsic growth programs in post-mitotic cells,such as neurons.While embryonic stem cells demonstrated great potential in treating central nervous system pathologies,ethical and technical concerns remained.These barriers,along with the clear necessity for this type of treatment,ultimately prompted the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells.The advantage of pluripotent cells in central nervous system regeneration is multifaceted,permitting differentiation into neural stem cells,neural progenitor cells,glia,and various neuronal subpopulations.The precise spatiotemporal application of extrinsic growth factors in vitro,in addition to microenvironmental signaling in vivo,influences the efficiency of this directed differentiation.While the pluri-or multipotency of these cells is appealing,it also poses the risk of unregulated differentiation and teratoma formation.Cells of the neuroectodermal lineage,such as neuronal subpopulations and glia,have been explored with varying degrees of success.Although the risk of cancer or teratoma formation is greatly reduced,each subpopulation varies in effectiveness and is influenced by a myriad of factors,such as the timing of the transplant,pathology type,and the ratio of accompanying progenitor cells.Furthermore,successful transplantation requires innovative approaches to develop delivery vectors that can mitigate cell death and support integration.Lastly,host immune responses to allogeneic grafts must be thoroughly characterized and further developed to reduce the need for immunosuppression.Translation to a clinical setting will involve careful consideration when assessing both physiologic and functional outcomes.This review will highlight both successes and challenges faced when using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell transplantation therapies to promote endogenous regeneration.展开更多
A dominating induced matching(DIM)of G is an induced matching that dominates every edge of G.In this note,we completely determine the number of DIMs in the generalized Petersen graph P(n,k).We prove that if P(n,k)is a...A dominating induced matching(DIM)of G is an induced matching that dominates every edge of G.In this note,we completely determine the number of DIMs in the generalized Petersen graph P(n,k).We prove that if P(n,k)is a generalized Petersen graph with n=0(mod 5)and k=2,3(mod 5),then E(P(n,k))can be partitioned into five DIMs.Meanwhile,in the left cases k=0,1,4(mod 5),we build some counterexamples to show that there exist some P(n,k)'s which are DIM-free.展开更多
Crosstalk between the nervous system and cancer plays an important role in tumor metastasis yet is poorly understood.Recently,Padmanaban et al.demonstrated a novel mechanism for nerve-induced metastasis.Sensory nerve-...Crosstalk between the nervous system and cancer plays an important role in tumor metastasis yet is poorly understood.Recently,Padmanaban et al.demonstrated a novel mechanism for nerve-induced metastasis.Sensory nerve-derived substance P could induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells that overexpressed tachykinin receptors.Single-stranded RNAs(ssRNAs)leaking from dying cells subsequently interact with toll-like receptor 7(TLR7)on other cancer cells and finally promoted metastasis.This notable study displays a delicate loop between the nervous system and cancer and,more importantly,amplifies the conception of apoptosis-induced metastasis.Over the past years,a mass of breakthrough studies have proven the pivotal role of the nervous system in tumorigenesis and cancer progression thereby contributing to the creation of a new disciplinecancer neuroscience[1].Hanahan and Monje discussed in detail the interactions between the nervous system and tumors based on the theoretical framework of the cancer hallmarks,focused on nerve-mediated proliferation,angiogenesis,immune evasion,cell death resistance,and metastasis[2].展开更多
Minoxidil is a potent vasodilator primarily used for the treatment of severe hypertension,and androgenic alopecia.Although known adverse effects include fluid retention,tachycardia and hypertrichosis,its potential to ...Minoxidil is a potent vasodilator primarily used for the treatment of severe hypertension,and androgenic alopecia.Although known adverse effects include fluid retention,tachycardia and hypertrichosis,its potential to induce coronary vasospasm remains largely underreported.[1]Minoxidil is currently reserved for treating alopecia for various causes.展开更多
The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)could be effectively regulated by adjusting electron configurations and optimizing chemical bonds.Herein,we have achieved the modulation of electron distribution in Fe single atomic(F...The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)could be effectively regulated by adjusting electron configurations and optimizing chemical bonds.Herein,we have achieved the modulation of electron distribution in Fe single atomic(Fe_(SA))sites through Fe atomic clusters(Fe_(AC))via a confined pyrolysis approach,thereby enhancing their intrinsic ORR activity.X-ray absorption spectroscopy has confirmed that the presence of iron atomic dusters could influence the electron distribution at Fe-N_(4)sites.The Fe_(SA)/Fe_(AC)-NC catalyst exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.88 V,surpassing the individual Fe_(SA)-NC structure.Through electronic structure analysis,it could be seen that iron atom clusters can affect Fe-N_(4)sites through long-range effects,and then effectively lower reaction barriers and enhance the reaction kinetics at Fe-N_(4)sites.The synthetic approach might pave the way for constructing highly active catalysts with tunable atomic structures,representing an effective and universal technique for electron modulation in M-N-C systems.This work provides enlightenment for the exploration of more efficient single-atom electrocatalysts and the optimization of the performance of atomic electrocatalysts.Furthermore,a zinc-air battery assembled using it on their cathode deliver a high peak power density(205.7 mW cm^(-2))and a high-specific capacity of 807.5 mA h g^(-1).This study offers a fresh approach to effectively enhance the synergistic interaction of between Fe single atom and Fe atomic clusters for improving ORR activity and energy storage.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1401005).
文摘Diplodia tip blight,caused by Diplodia sapinea,is a global pine necrotic disease causing heavy economic losses to the pine industry.Chemical control,its main current management,easily induces pathogen resistance and environmental pollution,which biological control avoids.This study investigated juniper essential oil’s efficacy against the disease on Mongolian Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)and its induced resistance mechanisms via pot experiments,physiological assays(defense enzyme activities,resistant substances)and metabolomic sequencing(secondary metabolites).Results showed varied efficacy:three foliar sprays of 10μL mL^(-1) oil achieved the best control phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),polyphenol oxidase(82.9%).The 20μL mL^(-1) treatment significantly increased(PPO)activities,and contents of lignin,flavonoids and total phenolics.Metabolomic analysis showed 326 upregulated and 527 downregulated different metabolites in essential oilinduced and pathogen-inoculated pines,compared to 483 upregulated and 277 downregulated metabolites in noninduced but inoculated pines.The differentially expressed metabolites in treated pines were primarily enriched in pathways related to amino acid metabolism and plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis,with notably increased expression levels of ferulic acid,scopoletin,pipecolic acid,D-proline,and DL-arginine.Therefore,juniper essential oil protects against D.sapinea by inducing systemic acquired resistance in Mongolian Scots pine.In conclusion,juniper essential oil controls D.sapinea by inducing systemic acquired resistance(SAR)in Mongolian Scots pine,clarifying the molecular mechanism and supporting biological control of the disease.
基金funded by Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20671)the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0034)the Creative Groups of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2021CFA030).
文摘While injection-induced seismicity has been widely studied,its implications for CO_(2)geological storage require reevaluation due to distinct fluid-rock interactions.This study develops a coupled hydromechanical model incorporating rate-and-state friction laws to investigate fault reactivation mechanisms during early-stage CO_(2)injection.The competing effects of pore pressure diffusion and fluid pressurization are systematically investigated,considering three key factors:permeability variations within fault damage zones,normal stress variation coefficients,and injection parameters.Numerical simulations reveal that slower CO_(2)migration causes limited pressure perturbation(<0.3 MPa over 15 d)compared to single-phase fluid injection.Fluid pressurization enhances fault strength and delays reactivation,though this stabilizing effect diminishes in low-permeability damage zones.Highly permeable damage zones promote larger rupture areas despite strengthening from pressurization,as reduced effective stress accelerates failure.Paradoxically,while fluid pressurization increases fault strength,it simultaneously elevates seismic risk through amplified stress drops during slip events.Temporal analysis shows that fluid pressurization dominates initial fault response,while sustained pore pressure diffusion ultimately drives reactivation.Increased normal stress variation coefficients and injection rates accelerate localized rupture initiation but restrict propagation due to non-critically stressed states.This discrepancy demonstrates that regions with positive Coulomb failure stress changes do not correlate well with actual slip zones.These findings highlight the critical interplay between transient pressurization effects and progressive pressure diffusion during early CO_(2)injection phases,providing crucial insights for seismic risk management in CO_(2)storage projects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3707900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42230710,42525201)Key task project for joint research and development of the Yangtze River Delta Science and Technology Innovation Community(Grant No.2022CSJGG1200).
文摘Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)is an eco-friendly technology for soil improvement.Although numerous experiments have been conducted to solidify sand foundations using MICP,the mechanisms by which grain interfacial morphologies influencethe MICP process remain unclear.This study utilized 3D-printed flowcells with different boundary morphologies to investigate the effects of interfacial morphologies on the MICP process.CaCO_(3)precipitation characteristics were investigated through microscopic observation and image quantificationanalysis.The results indicate that low flowvelocities near the interface promote bacterial accumulation due to reduced hydrodynamic shear forces.Rough interfaces,compared to smooth ones,enhance bacterial adsorption owing to the larger regions of low flowvelocity,increased surface area,and the formation of local eddies,which promote greater CaCO_(3)precipitation.Compared to the regions away from the interface,a higher abundance of small CaCO_(3)crystals is observed near the interface because of the high urease activity from bacteria and the reduced shear-induced entrainment due to the low flowvelocity.Besides,larger crystals also preferentially precipitate in proximity to interfaces as the low flowvelocity enhances crystal growth according to the particle attachment theory.The presence of rough interfaces further reduces flowvelocities,leading to the precipitation of larger and more densely packed CaCO_(3)crystals.Therefore,rough interfaces promote the microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation.This work is expected to enhance the understanding of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation characteristics on solid surfaces such as soil grains and contribute to the optimization of MICP applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32171356(to YW)Self-Support Research Projects of Shihezi University,No.ZZZC2021105(to WJ)+1 种基金Capital Medical University Natural Science Cultivation Fund,No.PYZ23044(to FQM)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.7244410(to JHD)。
文摘Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of repairing nerve defects through acellular allogeneic nerve grafting with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.However,adult tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells encounter various obstacles,including limited tissue sources,invasive acquisition methods,cellular heterogeneity,purification challenges,cellular senescence,and diminished pluripotency and proliferation over successive passages.In this study,we used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells,known for their self-renewal capacity,multilineage differentiation potential,and immunomodulatory characteristics.We used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in conjunction with acellular nerve allografts to address a 10 mm-long defect in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.Our findings reveal that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibit survival for up to 17 days in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury with acellular nerve allograft transplantation.Furthermore,the combination of acellular nerve allograft and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly accelerates the regeneration of injured axons and improves behavioral function recovery in rats.Additionally,our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells play a pivotal role in promoting neovascularization.Collectively,our results suggest the potential of acellular nerve allografts with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells to augment nerve regeneration in rats,offering promising therapeutic strategies for clinical translation.
文摘BACKGROUND The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells revolutionized regenerative medicine,providing a source for generating induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells(iMSCs).AIM To evaluate and compare five iMSC differentiation protocols,assessing their efficiency,phenotypic characteristics,and functional properties relative to primary mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).METHODS Five iMSC differentiation protocols were assessed:SB431542-based differentiation(iMSC1,iMSC3),an iMatrix-free method(iMSC2),growth factor supplementation(iMSC4),and embryoid body formation with retinoic acid(EB-iMSC).iMSC identity was confirmed according to the International Society for Cell&Gene Therapy 2006 criteria,requiring expression of surface markers(CD105,CD73,CD90)and absence of pluripotency markers.Functional assays were conducted to evaluate differentiation potential(osteogenic and adipogenic),proliferation,mitochondrial function,reactive oxygen species,senescence,and migration.RESULTS All iMSC types expressed MSC markers and lacked pluripotency markers.EBiMSC and iMSC2 showed enhanced osteogenesis(runt-related transcription factor 2;P≤0.01 and P≤0.0001,respectively),while adipogenic potential was reduced in iMSC2(Adipsin;P≤0.01)and EB-iMSC(Adipsin and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma;P≤0.0001 and P≤0.01,respectively).Proliferation was comparable or superior to bone marrow MSCs,except in iMSC1,with iMSC4 showing the highest rate(MTT assay;P values ranged from 0.01 to 0.001).Despite reduced mitochondrial health in iMSC3 and iMSC4(P≤0.001),reactive oxygen species levels were lower in all iMSCs(P values ranged from 0.001 to 0.0001),and senescence was significantly reduced in all iMSCs with the exception of iMSC1(P values ranged from 0.01 to 0.0001).Migration was most reduced in iMSC4(P≤0.001 at 24 hours and P≤0.0001 at 48 hours).CONCLUSION While all protocols generated functional iMSCs,variations in differentiation,proliferation,and function emphasize the impact of protocol selection.These findings contribute to optimizing iMSC generation for research and clinical applications.
基金supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4203301)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52238008)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20241516).
文摘Microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP)and Enzyme induced calcite precipitation(EICP)techniques were implemented to reinforce the large-scale calcareous sand in this study.Then a coupled numerical model to predict the biochemical reactions and hydraulic characteristics of MICP and EICP reactions was proposed and verified by physical experiments.Results showed that:This model could describe the variations of bacteria,calcium,calcite,permeability over time reasonably.It is necessary to consider the influence of the calculation domain scale when simulating the convection-diffusionreaction in the multi-process of MICP and EICP reactions.The numerical and experimental values of calcite content are 0.841 g/cm^(3) and 0.861 g/cm^(3) for MICP-reinforced sand,0.263 g/cm^(3) and 0.227 g/cm^(3) for EICP-reinforced sand after 192 h of reaction.The reaction rate k_(rea) is an important parameter to control the calcite content.Accordingly,the permeability coefficient of MICP and EICP reinforced calcareous sand decreases by 32%and 18%.Due to the influence of substance transportation and calcite precipitation,the calcite shows a trend of decreasing firstly and then increasing with the enhancing of the initial permeability coefficient in biochemical reactions.The optimal injecting ratio q11:q12 in this study is 100:300 mL/min.The process for the application of MICP and EICP coupled numerical model is also recommended,which provides reference for engineering projects in ground improvement.
基金Project(2021YFB3700801)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2023JJ30683)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject supported by the State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy(Central South University),China。
文摘Heterogeneous structure exhibits superiority in improving mechanical properties,whereas their effects on fatigue damage properties have rarely been studied.In this work,we employed a high-throughput gradient heat treatment method(757−857℃)to rapidly acquire the solution microstructure of the Ti-6554 alloy with different recrystallization degrees(0%,40%and 100%),followed by the same aging treatment.The results showed that theβ-hetero structure exhibited a yield strength(σ_(YS))of 1403 MPa,an increase of 6.7%,and a remarkable improvement in uniform elongation(UE)of 109.7%,reaching 6.5%,compared to the homogeneous structure.Interestingly,introducing a heterogeneous structure not only overcame the traditional trade-off between strength and ductility but also enhanced fatigue crack propagation(FCP)performance.During FCP process,β-hetero structure,through hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening effects,promoted the accumulation of geometric necessary dislocations(GNDs)within coarseα_(S) phase,enabling faster attainment of the critical shear stress of twinning and increasing twinning density.This facilitated stress relief,improved plastic deformation in the crack tip zone,and increased the critical fast fracture threshold from 30.4 to 36.0 MPa·m^(1/2)showing an enlarged steady state propagation region.This study provides valuable insights on tailoring fatigue damage tolerance through heterogeneous structure for titanium alloys.
基金approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine(2024-0690).
文摘The prognosis of drug-induced acute liver failure(ALF)is poor,with a survival rate of 27.1%without liver transplantation.Liver transplantation significantly improved survival rates to 66.2%.[1]The shortage of available grafts can be addressed by living donor liver transplantation(LDLT),an effective and safe method that expands the donor pool,enhances timely transplantation,and improves patient survival.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271397(to MG),82001293(to MG),82171355(to RX),81971295(to RX),and 81671189(to RX)。
文摘Microglial activation that occurs rapidly after closed head injury may play important and complex roles in neuroinflammation-associated neuronal damage and repair.We previously reported that induced neural stem cells can modulate the behavior of activated microglia via CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling,influencing their activation such that they can promote neurological recovery.However,the mechanism of CXCR4 upregulation in induced neural stem cells remains unclear.In this study,we found that nuclear factor-κB activation induced by closed head injury mouse serum in microglia promoted CXCL12 and tumor necrosis factor-αexpression but suppressed insulin-like growth factor-1 expression.However,recombinant complement receptor 2-conjugated Crry(CR2-Crry)reduced the effects of closed head injury mouse serum-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in microglia and the levels of activated microglia,CXCL12,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Additionally,we observed that,in response to stimulation(including stimulation by CXCL12 secreted by activated microglia),CXCR4 and Crry levels can be upregulated in induced neural stem cells via the interplay among CXCL12/CXCR4,Crry,and Akt signaling to modulate microglial activation.In agreement with these in vitro experimental results,we found that Akt activation enhanced the immunoregulatory effects of induced neural stem cell grafts on microglial activation,leading to the promotion of neurological recovery via insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion and the neuroprotective effects of induced neural stem cell grafts through CXCR4 and Crry upregulation in the injured cortices of closed head injury mice.Notably,these beneficial effects of Akt activation in induced neural stem cells were positively correlated with the therapeutic effects of induced neural stem cells on neuronal injury,cerebral edema,and neurological disorders post–closed head injury.In conclusion,our findings reveal that Akt activation may enhance the immunoregulatory effects of induced neural stem cells on microglial activation via upregulation of CXCR4 and Crry,thereby promoting induced neural stem cell–mediated improvement of neuronal injury,cerebral edema,and neurological disorders following closed head injury.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC150071)partly supported by the Shaanxi Province Geoscience Big Data and Geohazard Prevention Innovation Team(2022)and the Research Funds for the Interdisciplinary Projects,CHU(No.300104240914)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION.According to the China Earthquake Networks Center,an M6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,on 7 January 2025 at 9:05 a.m.local time.The epicenter is located at 28.5°N,87.45°E,with a depth of~10 km.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52338011).
文摘To investigate the wind⁃induced vibration re⁃sponse characteristics of multispan double⁃layer cable photo⁃voltaic(PV)support structures,wind tunnel tests using an aeroelastic model were carried out to obtain the wind⁃induced vibration response data of a three⁃span four⁃row double⁃layer cable PV support system.The wind⁃induced vibration characteristics with different PV module tilt angles,wind speeds,and wind direction angles were analyzed.The results showed that the double⁃layer cable large⁃span flexible PV support can effectively control the wind⁃induced vibration response and prevent the occur⁃rence of flutter under strong wind conditions.The maxi⁃mum value of the wind⁃induced vibration displacement of the flexible PV support system occurs in the windward first row.The upstream module has a significant shading effect on the downstream module,with a maximum effect of 23%.The most unfavorable wind direction angles of the structure are 0°and 180°.The change of the wind direction angle in the range of 0°to 30°has little effect on the wind vi⁃bration response.The change in the tilt angle of the PV modules has a greater impact on the wind vibration in the downwind direction and a smaller impact in the upwind di⁃rection.Special attention should be paid to the structural wind⁃resistant design of such systems in the upwind side span.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42072211)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42401048)the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition and Research Program(No.2021xjkk0302)。
文摘The Taklimakan Desert,located in the heart of central Asia,covers approximately 330000 km^(2),making it China's largest desert and the world's second-largest shifting desert(Dong et al.,2024).With an average annual precipitation of less than 100 mm and evaporation rates ranging from 2000 to 3000 mm(Yang et al.,2020),it is recognized as one of the driest regions on Earth,often referred to as the“sea of death”.
基金Australian Research Council Linkage Program(LP200301404)for sponsoring this researchthe financial support provided by the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(Chengdu University of Technology,SKLGP2021K002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374101,32111530138).
文摘Discrete fracture network(DFN)commonly existing in natural rock masses plays an important role in geological complexity which can influence rock fracturing behaviour during fluid injection.This paper simulated the hydraulic fracturing process in lab-scale coal samples with DFNs and the induced seismic activities by the discrete element method(DEM).The effects of DFNs on hydraulic fracturing,induced seismicity and elastic property changes have been concluded.Denser DFNs can comprehensively decrease the peak injection pressure and injection duration.The proportion of strong seismic events increases first and then decreases with increasing DFN density.In addition,the relative modulus of the rock mass is derived innovatively from breakdown pressure,breakdown fracture length and the related initiation time.Increasing DFN densities among large(35–60 degrees)and small(0–30 degrees)fracture dip angles show opposite evolution trends in relative modulus.The transitional point(dip angle)for the opposite trends is also proportionally affected by the friction angle of the rock mass.The modelling results have much practical meaning to infer the density and geometry of pre-existing fractures and the elastic property of rock mass in the field,simply based on the hydraulic fracturing and induced seismicity monitoring data.
基金supported by GILO Foundation.This research is in part supported by Korea Drug Development Fund funded by Ministry of Science and ICT,Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy,and Ministry of Health and Welfare(RS-2023-00282595,Republic of Korea).
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and abnormal osteoclast activation,leading to bone destruction.We previously demonstrated that the large extracellular loop(LEL)of Tm4sf19 is important for its function in osteoclast differentiation,and LEL-Fc,a competitive inhibitor of Tm4sf19,effectively suppresses osteoclast multinucleation and prevent bone loss associated with osteoporosis.This study aimed to investigate the role of Tm4sf19 in RA,an inflammatory and abnormal osteoclast disease,using a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA).Tm4sf19 expression was observed in macrophages and osteoclasts within the inflamed synovium,and Tm4sf19 expression was increased together with inflammatory genes in the joint bones of CIA-induced mice compared with the sham control group.Inhibition of Tm4sf19 by LEL-Fc demonstrated both preventive and therapeutic effects in a CIA mouse model,reducing the CIA score,swelling,inflammation,cartilage damage,and bone damage.Knockout of Tm4sf19 gene or inhibition of Tm4sf19 activity by LEL-Fc suppressed LPS/IFN-γ-induced TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling in macrophages.LEL-Fc disrupted not only the interaction between Tm4sf19 and TLR4/MD2,but also the interaction between TLR4 and MD2.μCT analysis showed that LEL-Fc treatment significantly reduced joint bone destruction and bone loss caused by hyperactivated osteoclasts in CIA mice.Taken together,these findings suggest that LELFc may be a potential treatment for RA and RA-induced osteoporosis by simultaneously targeting joint inflammation and bone destruction caused by abnormal osteoclast activation.
基金supported by Singapore National Medical Research Council(NMRC)grants,including CS-IRG,HLCA2022(to ZDZ),STaR,OF LCG 000207(to EKT)a Clinical Translational Research Programme in Parkinson's DiseaseDuke-Duke-NUS collaboration pilot grant(to ZDZ)。
文摘The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in affected patient brains is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease,the second most common human neurodegenerative disease.Although the detailed pathogenesis accounting for dopaminergic neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease is still unclear,the advancement of stem cell approaches has shown promise for Parkinson's disease research and therapy.The induced pluripotent stem cells have been commonly used to generate dopaminergic neurons,which has provided valuable insights to improve our understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and contributed to anti-Parkinson's disease therapies.The current review discusses the practical approaches and potential applications of induced pluripotent stem cell techniques for generating and differentiating dopaminergic neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells.The benefits of induced pluripotent stem cell-based research are highlighted.Various dopaminergic neuron differentiation protocols from induced pluripotent stem cells are compared.The emerging three-dimension-based brain organoid models compared with conventional two-dimensional cell culture are evaluated.Finally,limitations,challenges,and future directions of induced pluripotent stem cell–based approaches are analyzed and proposed,which will be significant to the future application of induced pluripotent stem cell-related techniques for Parkinson's disease.
基金supported by Ohio State Start Up FundNational Institutes of Health(NIH)+12 种基金Department of Defense(DoD)Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation,Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation(Austria)California Institute of Regenerative Medicine(CIRM)International Spinal Research Trust(United Kingdom)Stanford University Bio-X Program Interdisciplinary Initiatives Seed Grant IIP-7Dennis Chan FoundationKlein Family FundLucile Packard Foundation for Children's HealthStanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences(SINTN)Saunders Family Neuroscience FundJames Doty Neurosurgery FundHearst Neuroscience FundEileen Bond Research Fund(to GP)。
文摘In recent years,the progression of stem cell therapies has shown great promise in advancing the nascent field of regenerative medicine.Considering the non-regenerative nature of the mature central nervous system,the concept that“blank”cells could be reprogrammed and functionally integrated into host neural networks remained intriguing.Previous work has also demonstrated the ability of such cells to stimulate intrinsic growth programs in post-mitotic cells,such as neurons.While embryonic stem cells demonstrated great potential in treating central nervous system pathologies,ethical and technical concerns remained.These barriers,along with the clear necessity for this type of treatment,ultimately prompted the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells.The advantage of pluripotent cells in central nervous system regeneration is multifaceted,permitting differentiation into neural stem cells,neural progenitor cells,glia,and various neuronal subpopulations.The precise spatiotemporal application of extrinsic growth factors in vitro,in addition to microenvironmental signaling in vivo,influences the efficiency of this directed differentiation.While the pluri-or multipotency of these cells is appealing,it also poses the risk of unregulated differentiation and teratoma formation.Cells of the neuroectodermal lineage,such as neuronal subpopulations and glia,have been explored with varying degrees of success.Although the risk of cancer or teratoma formation is greatly reduced,each subpopulation varies in effectiveness and is influenced by a myriad of factors,such as the timing of the transplant,pathology type,and the ratio of accompanying progenitor cells.Furthermore,successful transplantation requires innovative approaches to develop delivery vectors that can mitigate cell death and support integration.Lastly,host immune responses to allogeneic grafts must be thoroughly characterized and further developed to reduce the need for immunosuppression.Translation to a clinical setting will involve careful consideration when assessing both physiologic and functional outcomes.This review will highlight both successes and challenges faced when using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell transplantation therapies to promote endogenous regeneration.
基金Ming Chen was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFA1013900)。
文摘A dominating induced matching(DIM)of G is an induced matching that dominates every edge of G.In this note,we completely determine the number of DIMs in the generalized Petersen graph P(n,k).We prove that if P(n,k)is a generalized Petersen graph with n=0(mod 5)and k=2,3(mod 5),then E(P(n,k))can be partitioned into five DIMs.Meanwhile,in the left cases k=0,1,4(mod 5),we build some counterexamples to show that there exist some P(n,k)'s which are DIM-free.
文摘Crosstalk between the nervous system and cancer plays an important role in tumor metastasis yet is poorly understood.Recently,Padmanaban et al.demonstrated a novel mechanism for nerve-induced metastasis.Sensory nerve-derived substance P could induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells that overexpressed tachykinin receptors.Single-stranded RNAs(ssRNAs)leaking from dying cells subsequently interact with toll-like receptor 7(TLR7)on other cancer cells and finally promoted metastasis.This notable study displays a delicate loop between the nervous system and cancer and,more importantly,amplifies the conception of apoptosis-induced metastasis.Over the past years,a mass of breakthrough studies have proven the pivotal role of the nervous system in tumorigenesis and cancer progression thereby contributing to the creation of a new disciplinecancer neuroscience[1].Hanahan and Monje discussed in detail the interactions between the nervous system and tumors based on the theoretical framework of the cancer hallmarks,focused on nerve-mediated proliferation,angiogenesis,immune evasion,cell death resistance,and metastasis[2].
文摘Minoxidil is a potent vasodilator primarily used for the treatment of severe hypertension,and androgenic alopecia.Although known adverse effects include fluid retention,tachycardia and hypertrichosis,its potential to induce coronary vasospasm remains largely underreported.[1]Minoxidil is currently reserved for treating alopecia for various causes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos:22271018,22309012 and 22302013)the NSF of Guangdong Province(Nos:2023A1515010554 and 2024A1515010307)。
文摘The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)could be effectively regulated by adjusting electron configurations and optimizing chemical bonds.Herein,we have achieved the modulation of electron distribution in Fe single atomic(Fe_(SA))sites through Fe atomic clusters(Fe_(AC))via a confined pyrolysis approach,thereby enhancing their intrinsic ORR activity.X-ray absorption spectroscopy has confirmed that the presence of iron atomic dusters could influence the electron distribution at Fe-N_(4)sites.The Fe_(SA)/Fe_(AC)-NC catalyst exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.88 V,surpassing the individual Fe_(SA)-NC structure.Through electronic structure analysis,it could be seen that iron atom clusters can affect Fe-N_(4)sites through long-range effects,and then effectively lower reaction barriers and enhance the reaction kinetics at Fe-N_(4)sites.The synthetic approach might pave the way for constructing highly active catalysts with tunable atomic structures,representing an effective and universal technique for electron modulation in M-N-C systems.This work provides enlightenment for the exploration of more efficient single-atom electrocatalysts and the optimization of the performance of atomic electrocatalysts.Furthermore,a zinc-air battery assembled using it on their cathode deliver a high peak power density(205.7 mW cm^(-2))and a high-specific capacity of 807.5 mA h g^(-1).This study offers a fresh approach to effectively enhance the synergistic interaction of between Fe single atom and Fe atomic clusters for improving ORR activity and energy storage.
