BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic...BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic characteristics including abnormal drug distribution and clearance.Rocuronium exhibits markedly different distribution patterns in obese patients,with conventional weight correction methods inadequately addressing individual muscle mass variations that critically influence drug distribution.AIM To investigate the quantitative relationship between skeletal muscle index(SMI)and rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients,establish a population pharmacokinetic model,and develop individualized dosing strategies based on muscle mass.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted,including 100 obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))who underwent elective radical colorectal cancer surgery at our hospital from June 2023 to January 2025.Skeletal muscle mass was measured using InBody 260 body composition analyzer and SMI was calculated to assess muscle mass,with male SMI<7.0 kg/m^(2) and female SMI<5.7 kg/m^(2)as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.Plasma rocuronium concentrations were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,and nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to establish population pharmacokinetic modeling.Stepwise regression was used to screen covariates,and dosing regimens were optimized through Monte Carlo simulation.The primary endpoint was targeted plasma concentration achievement rate,and the secondary endpoint was postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence.RESULTS Among 100 patients,35(35.0%)had sarcopenia and 65(65.0%)did not.Patients in the sarcopenia group were older(64.1±9.8 years vs 54.2±10.9 years,P<0.001)and had significantly lower SMI(6.2±0.8 kg/m^(2)vs 8.4±1.2 kg/m^(2),P<0.001).SMI showed strong positive correlation with rocuronium steady-state distribution volume(r=0.718,P<0.001)and moderate negative correlation with clearance(r=-0.502,P<0.001).A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was successfully established,with SMI being the most important covariate affecting central compartment distribution volume(△OFV=-41.2,P<0.001).Model validation showed bootstrap successful convergence rate of 92.3%,and 92.1%of observed values fell within prediction intervals in predicted concentration versus predicted concentration.The SMI-based individualized dosing regimen improved target exposure achievement rate from 82.0%in traditional regimen to 93.5%(P=0.009),and reduced postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence from 13.0%to 3.5%(P=0.018).The sarcopenia group showed the most significant improvement in achievement rate,from 71.4%to 93.8%(P=0.017).CONCLUSION SMI shows strong correlation with rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients and is a key factor affecting drug distribution.SMI-based individualized dosing strategies can significantly improve target exposure achievement rate and reduce postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence,providing scientific evidence for precision anesthesia management in obese patients.展开更多
Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including ...Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),endoscopic imaging,and genomic profiles-to enable intelligent decision-making for individualized therapy.This approach leverages AI algorithms to fuse imaging,endoscopic,and omics data,facilitating comprehensive characterization of tumor biology,prediction of treatment response,and optimization of therapeutic strategies.By combining CT and MRI for structural assessment,endoscopic data for real-time visual inspection,and genomic information for molecular profiling,multimodal AI enhances the accuracy of patient stratification and treatment personalization.The clinical implementation of this technology demonstrates potential for improving patient outcomes,advancing precision oncology,and supporting individualized care in gastrointestinal cancers.Ultimately,multimodal AI serves as a transformative tool in oncology,bridging data integration with clinical application to effectively tailor therapies.展开更多
The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral bloo...The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral blood biomarkers in neurological and psychiatric disorders based on the assertion that disease pathology is limited to the brain.The discovery that all tissues,including the brain,release extracellular vesicles(Raposo and Stoorvogel,2013)and cell free DNAs(Chan et al.,2013)into various body fluids has provided a potential way to measure activity from inaccessible tissues like the central nervous system(CNS)and has given rise to the term“liquid biopsy.”The development of liquid biopsies that can diagnose and predict the course of psychiatric and neurological disorders would be transformative.The ability to predict episodic events such as mania,depression,and risk for suicide would be particularly useful for psychiatric care as it would enable the development of interventions that prevent mortality and improve outcomes.Additionally,biomarkers that are informative about drug response and aid in treatment decisions would be a significant advance in psychiatric care as it would prevent patients from having to endure multiple courses of ineffective treatments and side effects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequen...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequently influenced by the patient's nutritional status and the quality of nursing care provided.AIM To examine the comprehensive impact of personalized nutritional support and nursing strategies on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer.METHODS In this study,a retrospective comparative analysis was conducted involving 60 post-operative liver cancer patients.The subjects were selected as subjects and divided into two groups based on differing nursing interventions,with each group comprising 30 patients.The control group received standard nutritional support and care,whereas the experimental group received individualized nutritional support and nursing strategies.The study aimed to evaluate the impact of individualized nutrition by comparing the rehabilitation indices,nutritional status,quality of life(QoL),and complication rates between the two groups.RESULTS The results showed that the recovery index of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group 2 weeks after surgery,and the average liver function recovery index of the experimental group was 85.significantly higher than that of the control group(73.67±7.19).In terms of nutritional status,the serum albumin level and body weight stabilization rate of the experimental group were also significantly higher than those of the control group,which were 42.33±2.4 g/L and 93.3%,respectively,compared with 36.01±3.85 g/L and 76.7%of the control group.In addition,the average QoL score of the experimental group was 84.66±3.7 points,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(70.92±4.28 points).At the psychological level,the average anxiety score of the experimental group was 1.17±0.29,and the average depression score was 1.47±0.4,which were significantly lower than the 2.26±0.42 and 2.57±0.45 of the control group.This showed that patients in the experimental group were better relieved of anxiety and depression under the individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy.More importantly,the complication rate in the experimental group was only 10%,much lower than the 33.3%in the control group.CONCLUSION Personalized nutritional support and tailored nursing strategies significantly enhance the postoperative rehabilitation of liver cancer patients.Consequently,it is recommended to implement and advocate for these individualized approaches to improve both the recovery outcomes and QoL for these patients.展开更多
We identify an S-shaped main-jet axis in the Vela core-collapse supernova remnant(CCSNR)that we attribute to a pair of precessing jets,one of the tens of pairs of jets that exploded the progenitor of Vela according to...We identify an S-shaped main-jet axis in the Vela core-collapse supernova remnant(CCSNR)that we attribute to a pair of precessing jets,one of the tens of pairs of jets that exploded the progenitor of Vela according to the jittering jets explosion mechanism(JJEM).A main-jet axis is a symmetry axis across the CCSNR and through the center.We identify the S-shaped main-jet axis by the high abundance of ejecta elements,oxygen,neon,and magnesium.We bring the number of identified pairs of clumps and ears in Vela to seven,two pairs shaped by the pair of precessing jets that formed the main-jet axis.The pairs and the main-jet axis form the point-symmetric wind-rose structure of Vela.The other five pairs of clumps/ears do not have signatures near the center,only on two opposite sides of the CCSNR.We discuss different possible jet-less shaping mechanisms to form such a point-symmetric morphology and dismiss these processes because they cannot explain the point-symmetric morphology of Vela,the S-shaped high ejecta abundance pattern,and the enormous energy required to shape the S-shaped structure.Our findings strongly support the JJEM and further severely challenge the neutrino-driven explosion mechanism.展开更多
Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P...Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.展开更多
China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integra...China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integrating standardized coverage with personalized payment compounds these issues.To this end,this study proposes a risk-sharing reform strategy that combines equal coverage for the same disease(ECSD)with an individualized out-of-pocket(I-OOP)model.Specifically,the study employs a Markov model to capture patient transitions across health states and care levels.The findings show that ECSD and I-OOP enhance equity by standardizing disease coverage while tailoring costs to patient income and facility type.This approach alleviates demand on high-tier hospitals,promoting primary care utilization and enabling balanced resource distribution.The study’s findings provide a reference for policymakers and healthcare administrators by presenting a scalable framework that is aligned with China’s development goals with the aim of fostering an efficient,sustainable healthcare system that is adaptable to regional needs.展开更多
This paper purports to expound a special(technical)notion of paths.A neglected fundamental fact(especially under indeterminism)is that the path-dependent direction of any diachronic outcome is backward,i.e.,later step...This paper purports to expound a special(technical)notion of paths.A neglected fundamental fact(especially under indeterminism)is that the path-dependent direction of any diachronic outcome is backward,i.e.,later steps depend on earlier ones successively,despite the ineradicable chance in their respective formation.In this paper,a token-oriented retrospective approach is proposed to overcome the limitation of the type-oriented approach in explaining path-related phenomena.My argument for the validity and utility of this approach is largely based on the elements of(PD),a definitional schema for diachronic sequences subject to a recursive counterfactual formula.I explore certain aspects of path individuation that have so far not been discussed,despite(PD)’s formal congeniality with Lewis’s‘causal chain’.Two basic patterns of path generation are examined:the first is for distinguishing actual vs possible branching paths,while the second introduces a metaphysical theme regarding the retrospective grounding of the causal status of an upstream event by its downstream(joint)effect.A central example of the paper,viz.,the Gobang game,is used to illustrate how the token-oriented approach works for path individuation.展开更多
This paper is an attempt to explore the root of the modern paradox across multiple registers in order to uncover a persuasive pattern of contradiction that runs through the very fabric of contemporary existence.We dis...This paper is an attempt to explore the root of the modern paradox across multiple registers in order to uncover a persuasive pattern of contradiction that runs through the very fabric of contemporary existence.We discover that the very logic meant to emancipate the human subject-scientific mastery,bureaucratic order,economic growth,and many others,often recoil upon the subject,generating conditions of fragmentation,depersonalization,and spiritual aridity.Far from rejecting modernity wholesale,our task is a diagnostic one-to enter into the deep fabric of modernity and to decode its operating metaphors and interrogate what holds up the“scaffolding of collective life”.This is in a bid to find the rootedness of genuine human flourishing.Part of the answer,from our analysis,lies in a critical re-thinking within modernity without being subsumed by it.展开更多
This paper explores the concept of crisis from a critical and interdisciplinary perspective,arguing that many contemporary crises-such as the coronavirus crisis and the climate crisis-are socially constructed and misu...This paper explores the concept of crisis from a critical and interdisciplinary perspective,arguing that many contemporary crises-such as the coronavirus crisis and the climate crisis-are socially constructed and misunderstood.Drawing from Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm shift theory,Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s Black Swan concept,and complexity science,it contends that crises are a normal part of systemic evolution rather than extraordinary disruptions.The paper critiques the shift in agency from individuals to macro-level institutions,which has led to crises being perceived as indefinite rather than finite.The work also examines how crises are often framed through memetics rather than physical reality.By analyzing historical and contemporary crises,the paper illustrates how crisis narratives shape societal behavior and policy.The role of antifragility,memetic warfare,and evolutionary stable strategies(ESS)is discussed,demonstrating how resilience emerges through localized,rather than globalized,responses.The study concludes by advocating for a shift away from progressivist macro-level interventions and toward individual agency as the fundamental unit of societal adaptation.This perspective reframes crises as necessary transitions within evolutionary progress,arguing that societal sustainability depends on decentralization and adaptation rather than centralized control and panic-driven reactions.展开更多
In every society,there are individuals who stand out with great achievements.These people are often seen as leaders and innovators,paving the way for others to follow.They are pioneers in their fields,who use their in...In every society,there are individuals who stand out with great achievements.These people are often seen as leaders and innovators,paving the way for others to follow.They are pioneers in their fields,who use their influential and inspiring personalities to motivate those around them.Their ability to drive change is due to not only their skills but also their characters.展开更多
The perihelion of long-period comets places them near the Sun so they may exhibit activity.Before 2013 LU28 reached its perihelion,we performed a continuous observation to detect possible activity.Using the Lijiang 2....The perihelion of long-period comets places them near the Sun so they may exhibit activity.Before 2013 LU28 reached its perihelion,we performed a continuous observation to detect possible activity.Using the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope with a Johnson R filter,we measured the brightness of 2013 LU28 from 2024 January 3 to April 13.The instrumental magnitudes were subsequently transformed into the Pan-STARRS r system.Due to the noticeable descending trend in the absolute magnitude,we verified the cometary activity and constrained some photometric properties of 2013 LU28.Consequently,the increased cross-sectional area had a rate of 42.8 km^(2)day^(−1),and the corresponding mass-loss rate was 2.64 kg s^(−1)with the assumption of a dust-particle size a=10 mm and the densityρ=400 kg m^(−3).We estimated the nucleus radius as 0.11■r_(n)■0.21 km for CO sublimation and 0.20■r_(n)■0.71 km for CO_(2)sublimation and the grain size of 2013 LU28 was ac;117.95μm for CO and ac■7.57μm for CO_(2).The long-term observations provided in this paper will offer significant value for investigating the mechanisms driving the activity of 2013 LU28.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether Jiegeng(Radix Platycodi,RP)has a Yin-Jing potentiating effect on Jingjie(Herba Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae,ST).We investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of pulegone,th...OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether Jiegeng(Radix Platycodi,RP)has a Yin-Jing potentiating effect on Jingjie(Herba Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae,ST).We investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of pulegone,the active ingredient in ST volatile oil,in rats to verify the scientific validity of the Yin-Jing doctrine,the basic theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).METHODS:The volatile oil and aqueous extract of ST were extracted by hydrodistillation.RP's aqueous extract underwent aqueous extraction.After individual and co-administration,we conducted pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies on Sprague-Dawley male rats.RESULTS:Peak concentration(Cmax),mean retention time from 0 to∞(MRT0→∞),and area under the curve(AUC0→10),(AUC0→∞)were 1.51,1.14,2.34,and 3.86 times higher in the co-administration group than in the individual administration group,respectively(P<0.05).In addition,half-life(T1/2)was significantly prolonged in the co-administration group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the clearance and elimination rate constant(Ke)in the co-administration group were significantly lower than those in the individual administration group,just 50%of those in the individual administration group(P<0.05).After co-administration of the drug,the pulegone content in all tissues of the rats was elevated to varying degrees,especially a significant increase in the drug content in lung tissues(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:After co-administration,the retention of pulegone in the body was prolonged,the elimination of pulegone from the body was delayed,and the accumulation of pulegone in the lungs was facilitated.Therefore,using RP as a Yin-Jing drug concoction has a significant cumulative effect of inducing upward mobilization and targeting lung tissues.展开更多
Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role...Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role of this variation in shaping population distributions of movements.To assess the link between individual movements and population distributions,we radio-tracked 13 Fowler's Toads Anaxyrus fowleri in Long Point,Ontario,Canada,after their breeding season.We recorded individual coordinates every 30 min,from the moment they emerged from their burrows around dusk until they burrowed in the morning,and obtained a total of 157 movements.We used the resulting series of step lengths and turning angles in a Hidden Markov Model to estimate movement type as"directed"or"non-directed"We also assigned to each encounter one of 3 space-dependent movement states:"foraging""in transit'or"searching"and found that movement type and state switched within individuals irrespective of time during a single night.We find that switching between movement types varied throughout the night,leading to stochastic within-individual variation in movements,and the distribution of movement distances differed significantly among individuals.Movement states,however,were time-dependent,suggesting displacement routines were similar across individuals.Variation in movement behavior within individuals scales up to result in variation among individuals which,in turn,was found to shape the distribution of the sampled population.Our findings therefore underline the importance of a multi-scale approach in the study of movement.展开更多
Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of indi...Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of individuality in communal signals more complex.In addition,selection may favor the accurate identifcation of pairs over individuals by receivers in year-round territorial species with duetting and long-term pair bonding.Here,we studied pair and individual vocal signatures in the polyphonal duets of rufous horneros Furnarius rufus,a Neotropical bird known for its long-term pair bonds.Hornero partners engage in duets to deter territorial intruders and protect their partnership year-round and can discern duets from neighbors versus strangers.Using a dataset of 471 duets from 43 pairs in 2 populations,we measured fne-scale acoustic features across different duet levels(e.g.,complete duets to non-overlapping syllable parts)and analysis levels(pair or individual).Permuted linear discriminant function analyses classifed pairs and individuals more accurately than expected by chance(means:45%and 47%vs.4 and 2%).Pair identity explained more variance in the multivariate acoustic features of duets than individual or population identities.The initial frequency of the duet showed strong potential for encoding pair identity.The acoustic traits contributing most to individual vocal signatures varied between sexes,which might facilitate the simultaneous assessment of duetters’identities by receivers.Our study indicates that vocal individuality may exist even in species with intricate and innate communal signals and elucidates the mechanisms employed by horneros in their social discrimination ability.展开更多
On the morning of October 15,people from different countries will queue up at the entrance of Centro Banamex,the international convention and exhibition center in Mexico.There are local dealers present,Brazilian build...On the morning of October 15,people from different countries will queue up at the entrance of Centro Banamex,the international convention and exhibition center in Mexico.There are local dealers present,Brazilian builders identifiable by their yellow-green,fluorescent vests,Canadian buyers carrying computer bags,and a group of Chinese individuals with aluminum alloy suitcases labeled“Foshan Ceramics”,“Yongkang Hardware”,and“Anji Bamboo Floor”.展开更多
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds(NOCs)may potentially contribute to aqueous secondary organic aerosols,yet the different formation of NOCs in aerosol particles and cloud droplets remains unclear.With the in-situ ...Nitrogen-containing organic compounds(NOCs)may potentially contribute to aqueous secondary organic aerosols,yet the different formation of NOCs in aerosol particles and cloud droplets remains unclear.With the in-situ measurements performed at a mountain site(1690 m a.s.l.)in southern China,we investigated the formation of NOCs in the cloud droplets and the cloud-free particles,based on their mixing state information of NOCscontaining particles by single particle mass spectrometry.The relative abundance of NOCs in the cloud-free particles was significantly higher than those in cloud residual(cloud RES)particles.NOCs were highly correlated with carbonyl compounds(including glyoxalate and methylglyoxal)in the cloud-free particles,however,limited correlation was observed for cloud RES particles.Analysis of their mixing state and temporal variations highlights that NOCs was mainly formed from the carbonyl compounds and ammonium in the cloud-free particles,rather than in the cloud RES particles.The results support that the formation of NOCs from carbonyl compounds is facilitated in concentrated solutions in wet aerosols,rather than cloud droplets.In addition,we have identified the transport of biomass burning particles that facilitate the formation of NOCs,and that the observed NOCs is most likely contributed to the light absorption.These findings have implications for the evaluation of NOCs formation and their contribution to light absorption.展开更多
This research study fabrics to ensure that they are free from carcinogenic dyes. It has been observed that there are poor-quality fabrics and consumers go to buy them without paying attention to the risks of using pro...This research study fabrics to ensure that they are free from carcinogenic dyes. It has been observed that there are poor-quality fabrics and consumers go to buy them without paying attention to the risks of using prohibited materials in the manufacture of these fabrics, and the use of unknown dyes has proven that some of them cause diseases to humans, especially children, that cause cancerous diseases. With the study sample consisting of (7), the study results indicate the presence of toxic formaldehyde in all sample dyes obtained from discount markets and online shopping.展开更多
Objective:Radiotherapy(RT)is the definitive treatment for stageⅡnasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC),which is classified as stagesⅠA andⅠB in the latest ninth edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)/Union for ...Objective:Radiotherapy(RT)is the definitive treatment for stageⅡnasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC),which is classified as stagesⅠA andⅠB in the latest ninth edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control(UICC).A crucial question is whether concurrent chemo-radiotherapy(CCRT)could derive additional benefits to this recent“down-staging”subgroup of NPC patients.This study aimed to interrogate clinical and radiomic features for predicting 5-year progression-free survival(PFS)of stageⅡNPC treated with RT alone or CCRT.Methods:Imaging and clinical data of 166 stageⅡNPC(eighth edition AJCC/UICC)patients were collected.Data were allocated into training,internal testing,and external testing sets.For each case,851 radiomic features were extracted and 10 clinical features were collected.Radiomic and clinical features most associated with the 5-year PFS were selected separately.A combined model was developed using multivariate logistic regression by integrating selected features and treatment option to predict 5-year PFS.Model performances were evaluated by area under the receiver operating curve(AUC),prediction accuracy,and decision curve analysis.Survival analyses including Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model were performed for further analysis.Results:Thirteen radiomic features,three clinical features,and treatment option were considered for model development.The combined model showed higher prognostic performance than using either.For the merged testing set(internal and external testing sets),AUC is 0.76(combined)vs.0.56-0.80(clinical or radiomic alone)and accuracy is 0.75(combined)vs.0.62-0.73(clinical or radiomic alone).Kaplan-Meier analysis using the combined model showed significant discrimination in PFS of the predicted low-risk and high-risk groups in the training and internal testing cohorts(P<0.05).Conclusions:Integrating with clinical and radiomic features could provide prognostic information on 5-year PFS under either treatment regimen,guiding individualized decisions of chemotherapy based on the predicted treatment outcome.展开更多
Acoustic signals in birds are often influenced by body and beak size(the morphological constraint hypothesis)and may also reflect the sender's condition(the condition dependence hypothesis).However,these ideas hav...Acoustic signals in birds are often influenced by body and beak size(the morphological constraint hypothesis)and may also reflect the sender's condition(the condition dependence hypothesis).However,these ideas have seldom been tested in duetting species,where the acoustics of the combined signal could relate to the morphology of both vocalizing individuals.In this study,we investigated whether specific morphological traits—scaled mass index,wing length,and bill surface area—could predict individual and pair-level characteristics of Rufous Hornero(Furnarius rufus) duets.In this species,partners partially overlap their songs,with males producing faster-paced,lower-pitched songs compared to females.Morphology was most closely associated with the timing of syllables within duets,though different traits were linked to timing in each sex.Females in better condition(indicated by a higher scaled mass index) and with longer wings produced duet phrases with greater variation in syllable duration.In contrast,males with larger bills showed greater variation in both syllable duration and gaps between syllables.The degree of temporal overlap in syllables increased with female condition,but not male condition,suggesting that overlap may signal female quality.Additionally,minimum duet frequency was negatively associated with male condition,indicating that lower-frequency duets may serve as an honest signal of male quality.These findings indicate that the timing of syllables and minimum duet frequency are both condition-dependent and constrained by morphology,allowing receivers to gain multiple insights into the morphology of duetting partners in Rufous Horneros.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic characteristics including abnormal drug distribution and clearance.Rocuronium exhibits markedly different distribution patterns in obese patients,with conventional weight correction methods inadequately addressing individual muscle mass variations that critically influence drug distribution.AIM To investigate the quantitative relationship between skeletal muscle index(SMI)and rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients,establish a population pharmacokinetic model,and develop individualized dosing strategies based on muscle mass.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted,including 100 obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))who underwent elective radical colorectal cancer surgery at our hospital from June 2023 to January 2025.Skeletal muscle mass was measured using InBody 260 body composition analyzer and SMI was calculated to assess muscle mass,with male SMI<7.0 kg/m^(2) and female SMI<5.7 kg/m^(2)as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.Plasma rocuronium concentrations were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,and nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to establish population pharmacokinetic modeling.Stepwise regression was used to screen covariates,and dosing regimens were optimized through Monte Carlo simulation.The primary endpoint was targeted plasma concentration achievement rate,and the secondary endpoint was postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence.RESULTS Among 100 patients,35(35.0%)had sarcopenia and 65(65.0%)did not.Patients in the sarcopenia group were older(64.1±9.8 years vs 54.2±10.9 years,P<0.001)and had significantly lower SMI(6.2±0.8 kg/m^(2)vs 8.4±1.2 kg/m^(2),P<0.001).SMI showed strong positive correlation with rocuronium steady-state distribution volume(r=0.718,P<0.001)and moderate negative correlation with clearance(r=-0.502,P<0.001).A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was successfully established,with SMI being the most important covariate affecting central compartment distribution volume(△OFV=-41.2,P<0.001).Model validation showed bootstrap successful convergence rate of 92.3%,and 92.1%of observed values fell within prediction intervals in predicted concentration versus predicted concentration.The SMI-based individualized dosing regimen improved target exposure achievement rate from 82.0%in traditional regimen to 93.5%(P=0.009),and reduced postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence from 13.0%to 3.5%(P=0.018).The sarcopenia group showed the most significant improvement in achievement rate,from 71.4%to 93.8%(P=0.017).CONCLUSION SMI shows strong correlation with rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients and is a key factor affecting drug distribution.SMI-based individualized dosing strategies can significantly improve target exposure achievement rate and reduce postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence,providing scientific evidence for precision anesthesia management in obese patients.
基金Supported by Xuhui District Health Commission,No.SHXH202214.
文摘Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),endoscopic imaging,and genomic profiles-to enable intelligent decision-making for individualized therapy.This approach leverages AI algorithms to fuse imaging,endoscopic,and omics data,facilitating comprehensive characterization of tumor biology,prediction of treatment response,and optimization of therapeutic strategies.By combining CT and MRI for structural assessment,endoscopic data for real-time visual inspection,and genomic information for molecular profiling,multimodal AI enhances the accuracy of patient stratification and treatment personalization.The clinical implementation of this technology demonstrates potential for improving patient outcomes,advancing precision oncology,and supporting individualized care in gastrointestinal cancers.Ultimately,multimodal AI serves as a transformative tool in oncology,bridging data integration with clinical application to effectively tailor therapies.
基金supported by Department of Defense grant HT9425-24-1-0030 a grant from the Stanley Medical Research Institute(to SS).
文摘The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral blood biomarkers in neurological and psychiatric disorders based on the assertion that disease pathology is limited to the brain.The discovery that all tissues,including the brain,release extracellular vesicles(Raposo and Stoorvogel,2013)and cell free DNAs(Chan et al.,2013)into various body fluids has provided a potential way to measure activity from inaccessible tissues like the central nervous system(CNS)and has given rise to the term“liquid biopsy.”The development of liquid biopsies that can diagnose and predict the course of psychiatric and neurological disorders would be transformative.The ability to predict episodic events such as mania,depression,and risk for suicide would be particularly useful for psychiatric care as it would enable the development of interventions that prevent mortality and improve outcomes.Additionally,biomarkers that are informative about drug response and aid in treatment decisions would be a significant advance in psychiatric care as it would prevent patients from having to endure multiple courses of ineffective treatments and side effects.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequently influenced by the patient's nutritional status and the quality of nursing care provided.AIM To examine the comprehensive impact of personalized nutritional support and nursing strategies on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer.METHODS In this study,a retrospective comparative analysis was conducted involving 60 post-operative liver cancer patients.The subjects were selected as subjects and divided into two groups based on differing nursing interventions,with each group comprising 30 patients.The control group received standard nutritional support and care,whereas the experimental group received individualized nutritional support and nursing strategies.The study aimed to evaluate the impact of individualized nutrition by comparing the rehabilitation indices,nutritional status,quality of life(QoL),and complication rates between the two groups.RESULTS The results showed that the recovery index of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group 2 weeks after surgery,and the average liver function recovery index of the experimental group was 85.significantly higher than that of the control group(73.67±7.19).In terms of nutritional status,the serum albumin level and body weight stabilization rate of the experimental group were also significantly higher than those of the control group,which were 42.33±2.4 g/L and 93.3%,respectively,compared with 36.01±3.85 g/L and 76.7%of the control group.In addition,the average QoL score of the experimental group was 84.66±3.7 points,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(70.92±4.28 points).At the psychological level,the average anxiety score of the experimental group was 1.17±0.29,and the average depression score was 1.47±0.4,which were significantly lower than the 2.26±0.42 and 2.57±0.45 of the control group.This showed that patients in the experimental group were better relieved of anxiety and depression under the individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy.More importantly,the complication rate in the experimental group was only 10%,much lower than the 33.3%in the control group.CONCLUSION Personalized nutritional support and tailored nursing strategies significantly enhance the postoperative rehabilitation of liver cancer patients.Consequently,it is recommended to implement and advocate for these individualized approaches to improve both the recovery outcomes and QoL for these patients.
基金A grant from the Pazy Foundation supported this research
文摘We identify an S-shaped main-jet axis in the Vela core-collapse supernova remnant(CCSNR)that we attribute to a pair of precessing jets,one of the tens of pairs of jets that exploded the progenitor of Vela according to the jittering jets explosion mechanism(JJEM).A main-jet axis is a symmetry axis across the CCSNR and through the center.We identify the S-shaped main-jet axis by the high abundance of ejecta elements,oxygen,neon,and magnesium.We bring the number of identified pairs of clumps and ears in Vela to seven,two pairs shaped by the pair of precessing jets that formed the main-jet axis.The pairs and the main-jet axis form the point-symmetric wind-rose structure of Vela.The other five pairs of clumps/ears do not have signatures near the center,only on two opposite sides of the CCSNR.We discuss different possible jet-less shaping mechanisms to form such a point-symmetric morphology and dismiss these processes because they cannot explain the point-symmetric morphology of Vela,the S-shaped high ejecta abundance pattern,and the enormous energy required to shape the S-shaped structure.Our findings strongly support the JJEM and further severely challenge the neutrino-driven explosion mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41473068)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722667)。
文摘Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72071042)。
文摘China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integrating standardized coverage with personalized payment compounds these issues.To this end,this study proposes a risk-sharing reform strategy that combines equal coverage for the same disease(ECSD)with an individualized out-of-pocket(I-OOP)model.Specifically,the study employs a Markov model to capture patient transitions across health states and care levels.The findings show that ECSD and I-OOP enhance equity by standardizing disease coverage while tailoring costs to patient income and facility type.This approach alleviates demand on high-tier hospitals,promoting primary care utilization and enabling balanced resource distribution.The study’s findings provide a reference for policymakers and healthcare administrators by presenting a scalable framework that is aligned with China’s development goals with the aim of fostering an efficient,sustainable healthcare system that is adaptable to regional needs.
文摘This paper purports to expound a special(technical)notion of paths.A neglected fundamental fact(especially under indeterminism)is that the path-dependent direction of any diachronic outcome is backward,i.e.,later steps depend on earlier ones successively,despite the ineradicable chance in their respective formation.In this paper,a token-oriented retrospective approach is proposed to overcome the limitation of the type-oriented approach in explaining path-related phenomena.My argument for the validity and utility of this approach is largely based on the elements of(PD),a definitional schema for diachronic sequences subject to a recursive counterfactual formula.I explore certain aspects of path individuation that have so far not been discussed,despite(PD)’s formal congeniality with Lewis’s‘causal chain’.Two basic patterns of path generation are examined:the first is for distinguishing actual vs possible branching paths,while the second introduces a metaphysical theme regarding the retrospective grounding of the causal status of an upstream event by its downstream(joint)effect.A central example of the paper,viz.,the Gobang game,is used to illustrate how the token-oriented approach works for path individuation.
文摘This paper is an attempt to explore the root of the modern paradox across multiple registers in order to uncover a persuasive pattern of contradiction that runs through the very fabric of contemporary existence.We discover that the very logic meant to emancipate the human subject-scientific mastery,bureaucratic order,economic growth,and many others,often recoil upon the subject,generating conditions of fragmentation,depersonalization,and spiritual aridity.Far from rejecting modernity wholesale,our task is a diagnostic one-to enter into the deep fabric of modernity and to decode its operating metaphors and interrogate what holds up the“scaffolding of collective life”.This is in a bid to find the rootedness of genuine human flourishing.Part of the answer,from our analysis,lies in a critical re-thinking within modernity without being subsumed by it.
文摘This paper explores the concept of crisis from a critical and interdisciplinary perspective,arguing that many contemporary crises-such as the coronavirus crisis and the climate crisis-are socially constructed and misunderstood.Drawing from Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm shift theory,Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s Black Swan concept,and complexity science,it contends that crises are a normal part of systemic evolution rather than extraordinary disruptions.The paper critiques the shift in agency from individuals to macro-level institutions,which has led to crises being perceived as indefinite rather than finite.The work also examines how crises are often framed through memetics rather than physical reality.By analyzing historical and contemporary crises,the paper illustrates how crisis narratives shape societal behavior and policy.The role of antifragility,memetic warfare,and evolutionary stable strategies(ESS)is discussed,demonstrating how resilience emerges through localized,rather than globalized,responses.The study concludes by advocating for a shift away from progressivist macro-level interventions and toward individual agency as the fundamental unit of societal adaptation.This perspective reframes crises as necessary transitions within evolutionary progress,arguing that societal sustainability depends on decentralization and adaptation rather than centralized control and panic-driven reactions.
文摘In every society,there are individuals who stand out with great achievements.These people are often seen as leaders and innovators,paving the way for others to follow.They are pioneers in their fields,who use their influential and inspiring personalities to motivate those around them.Their ability to drive change is due to not only their skills but also their characters.
基金Funding for the telescope has been provided by CAS and the People’s Government of Yunnan Provincefunded by the Civil Aerospace pre-research project D020302+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (U12150009,12150009)the CAS Light of West China Programthe science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with NO.CMS-CSST-2021-B10
文摘The perihelion of long-period comets places them near the Sun so they may exhibit activity.Before 2013 LU28 reached its perihelion,we performed a continuous observation to detect possible activity.Using the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope with a Johnson R filter,we measured the brightness of 2013 LU28 from 2024 January 3 to April 13.The instrumental magnitudes were subsequently transformed into the Pan-STARRS r system.Due to the noticeable descending trend in the absolute magnitude,we verified the cometary activity and constrained some photometric properties of 2013 LU28.Consequently,the increased cross-sectional area had a rate of 42.8 km^(2)day^(−1),and the corresponding mass-loss rate was 2.64 kg s^(−1)with the assumption of a dust-particle size a=10 mm and the densityρ=400 kg m^(−3).We estimated the nucleus radius as 0.11■r_(n)■0.21 km for CO sublimation and 0.20■r_(n)■0.71 km for CO_(2)sublimation and the grain size of 2013 LU28 was ac;117.95μm for CO and ac■7.57μm for CO_(2).The long-term observations provided in this paper will offer significant value for investigating the mechanisms driving the activity of 2013 LU28.
基金Supported by Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine Open Project Fund(Anhui University of Chinese Medicine)Ministry of Education:Study on the Material Basis and Mechanism of the Buoyance of Jingjie(Herba Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae)Loaded with Jiegeng(Radix Platycodi)of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2020xayx02)Drug Regulatory Scientific Research Key Project:Establishment of a New Dissolution Method Based on Drug Absorption and its Application in Drug Quality Monitoring(AHYJ-KJ-202206,Central of Regulatory Science for Medical Products,Anhui Province)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China:to Explore the Effect and Mechanism of Immune Escape Nanopreparation Based on"Dont eat me"Signal on Tumor Photodynamic Therapy(2308085MH308)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether Jiegeng(Radix Platycodi,RP)has a Yin-Jing potentiating effect on Jingjie(Herba Schizonepetae Tenuifoliae,ST).We investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of pulegone,the active ingredient in ST volatile oil,in rats to verify the scientific validity of the Yin-Jing doctrine,the basic theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).METHODS:The volatile oil and aqueous extract of ST were extracted by hydrodistillation.RP's aqueous extract underwent aqueous extraction.After individual and co-administration,we conducted pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies on Sprague-Dawley male rats.RESULTS:Peak concentration(Cmax),mean retention time from 0 to∞(MRT0→∞),and area under the curve(AUC0→10),(AUC0→∞)were 1.51,1.14,2.34,and 3.86 times higher in the co-administration group than in the individual administration group,respectively(P<0.05).In addition,half-life(T1/2)was significantly prolonged in the co-administration group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the clearance and elimination rate constant(Ke)in the co-administration group were significantly lower than those in the individual administration group,just 50%of those in the individual administration group(P<0.05).After co-administration of the drug,the pulegone content in all tissues of the rats was elevated to varying degrees,especially a significant increase in the drug content in lung tissues(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:After co-administration,the retention of pulegone in the body was prolonged,the elimination of pulegone from the body was delayed,and the accumulation of pulegone in the lungs was facilitated.Therefore,using RP as a Yin-Jing drug concoction has a significant cumulative effect of inducing upward mobilization and targeting lung tissues.
基金funded by grants from the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies(FRQNT)to NJthe Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestrythe Ontario Ministry of Environment,Conservation and Parks,and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada to DMG.
文摘Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role of this variation in shaping population distributions of movements.To assess the link between individual movements and population distributions,we radio-tracked 13 Fowler's Toads Anaxyrus fowleri in Long Point,Ontario,Canada,after their breeding season.We recorded individual coordinates every 30 min,from the moment they emerged from their burrows around dusk until they burrowed in the morning,and obtained a total of 157 movements.We used the resulting series of step lengths and turning angles in a Hidden Markov Model to estimate movement type as"directed"or"non-directed"We also assigned to each encounter one of 3 space-dependent movement states:"foraging""in transit'or"searching"and found that movement type and state switched within individuals irrespective of time during a single night.We find that switching between movement types varied throughout the night,leading to stochastic within-individual variation in movements,and the distribution of movement distances differed significantly among individuals.Movement states,however,were time-dependent,suggesting displacement routines were similar across individuals.Variation in movement behavior within individuals scales up to result in variation among individuals which,in turn,was found to shape the distribution of the sampled population.Our findings therefore underline the importance of a multi-scale approach in the study of movement.
基金P.D.and P.S.A.received Ph.D.scholarships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)(Finance Code 001)P.D.received a Postdoctoral fellowship from CAPES(grant number:88887.469218/2019-00)+4 种基金R.H.M.received a fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científco e Tecnológico(CNPq)for the duration of the study.Funding was also provided by Animal Behavior Society[ABS Student Research Grant to P.S.A.]Association of Field Ornithologists[E.Alexander Bergstrom Memorial Research Award to P.S.A.]American Ornithological Society[Postdoctoral Research Award to P.D.]the logistic and fnancial support provided by Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia from Universidade de Brasília in association with Programa de Excelência Acadêmica PROEX/CAPES(1789/2015)the fnancial support provided by CNPq(471945/2013-7).
文摘Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of individuality in communal signals more complex.In addition,selection may favor the accurate identifcation of pairs over individuals by receivers in year-round territorial species with duetting and long-term pair bonding.Here,we studied pair and individual vocal signatures in the polyphonal duets of rufous horneros Furnarius rufus,a Neotropical bird known for its long-term pair bonds.Hornero partners engage in duets to deter territorial intruders and protect their partnership year-round and can discern duets from neighbors versus strangers.Using a dataset of 471 duets from 43 pairs in 2 populations,we measured fne-scale acoustic features across different duet levels(e.g.,complete duets to non-overlapping syllable parts)and analysis levels(pair or individual).Permuted linear discriminant function analyses classifed pairs and individuals more accurately than expected by chance(means:45%and 47%vs.4 and 2%).Pair identity explained more variance in the multivariate acoustic features of duets than individual or population identities.The initial frequency of the duet showed strong potential for encoding pair identity.The acoustic traits contributing most to individual vocal signatures varied between sexes,which might facilitate the simultaneous assessment of duetters’identities by receivers.Our study indicates that vocal individuality may exist even in species with intricate and innate communal signals and elucidates the mechanisms employed by horneros in their social discrimination ability.
文摘On the morning of October 15,people from different countries will queue up at the entrance of Centro Banamex,the international convention and exhibition center in Mexico.There are local dealers present,Brazilian builders identifiable by their yellow-green,fluorescent vests,Canadian buyers carrying computer bags,and a group of Chinese individuals with aluminum alloy suitcases labeled“Foshan Ceramics”,“Yongkang Hardware”,and“Anji Bamboo Floor”.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3701103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42222705)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2021354)Guangdong Foundation for Program of Science and Technology Research(No.2023B1212060049).
文摘Nitrogen-containing organic compounds(NOCs)may potentially contribute to aqueous secondary organic aerosols,yet the different formation of NOCs in aerosol particles and cloud droplets remains unclear.With the in-situ measurements performed at a mountain site(1690 m a.s.l.)in southern China,we investigated the formation of NOCs in the cloud droplets and the cloud-free particles,based on their mixing state information of NOCscontaining particles by single particle mass spectrometry.The relative abundance of NOCs in the cloud-free particles was significantly higher than those in cloud residual(cloud RES)particles.NOCs were highly correlated with carbonyl compounds(including glyoxalate and methylglyoxal)in the cloud-free particles,however,limited correlation was observed for cloud RES particles.Analysis of their mixing state and temporal variations highlights that NOCs was mainly formed from the carbonyl compounds and ammonium in the cloud-free particles,rather than in the cloud RES particles.The results support that the formation of NOCs from carbonyl compounds is facilitated in concentrated solutions in wet aerosols,rather than cloud droplets.In addition,we have identified the transport of biomass burning particles that facilitate the formation of NOCs,and that the observed NOCs is most likely contributed to the light absorption.These findings have implications for the evaluation of NOCs formation and their contribution to light absorption.
文摘This research study fabrics to ensure that they are free from carcinogenic dyes. It has been observed that there are poor-quality fabrics and consumers go to buy them without paying attention to the risks of using prohibited materials in the manufacture of these fabrics, and the use of unknown dyes has proven that some of them cause diseases to humans, especially children, that cause cancerous diseases. With the study sample consisting of (7), the study results indicate the presence of toxic formaldehyde in all sample dyes obtained from discount markets and online shopping.
文摘Objective:Radiotherapy(RT)is the definitive treatment for stageⅡnasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC),which is classified as stagesⅠA andⅠB in the latest ninth edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control(UICC).A crucial question is whether concurrent chemo-radiotherapy(CCRT)could derive additional benefits to this recent“down-staging”subgroup of NPC patients.This study aimed to interrogate clinical and radiomic features for predicting 5-year progression-free survival(PFS)of stageⅡNPC treated with RT alone or CCRT.Methods:Imaging and clinical data of 166 stageⅡNPC(eighth edition AJCC/UICC)patients were collected.Data were allocated into training,internal testing,and external testing sets.For each case,851 radiomic features were extracted and 10 clinical features were collected.Radiomic and clinical features most associated with the 5-year PFS were selected separately.A combined model was developed using multivariate logistic regression by integrating selected features and treatment option to predict 5-year PFS.Model performances were evaluated by area under the receiver operating curve(AUC),prediction accuracy,and decision curve analysis.Survival analyses including Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model were performed for further analysis.Results:Thirteen radiomic features,three clinical features,and treatment option were considered for model development.The combined model showed higher prognostic performance than using either.For the merged testing set(internal and external testing sets),AUC is 0.76(combined)vs.0.56-0.80(clinical or radiomic alone)and accuracy is 0.75(combined)vs.0.62-0.73(clinical or radiomic alone).Kaplan-Meier analysis using the combined model showed significant discrimination in PFS of the predicted low-risk and high-risk groups in the training and internal testing cohorts(P<0.05).Conclusions:Integrating with clinical and radiomic features could provide prognostic information on 5-year PFS under either treatment regimen,guiding individualized decisions of chemotherapy based on the predicted treatment outcome.
基金Ph.D.scholarships by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education(CAPES)(Finance Code 001)a CAPES postdoctoral fellowship (grant 88887.469218/2019-00)+4 种基金in part,by the So Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP),Brazil.Process Number#2024/13237-3funding was provided by the Animal Behavior Society (ABS Student Research Grant to P.S.A.)the Association of Field Ornithologists (E.Alexander Bergstrom Memorial Research Award to P.S.A.)the American Ornithological Society(Postdoctoral Research Award to P.D.)logistical and financial support from the Universidade de Brasília's Graduate Program in Ecology,in collaboration with the Programa de Excelência Academica (PROEX/CAPES 1789/2015)。
文摘Acoustic signals in birds are often influenced by body and beak size(the morphological constraint hypothesis)and may also reflect the sender's condition(the condition dependence hypothesis).However,these ideas have seldom been tested in duetting species,where the acoustics of the combined signal could relate to the morphology of both vocalizing individuals.In this study,we investigated whether specific morphological traits—scaled mass index,wing length,and bill surface area—could predict individual and pair-level characteristics of Rufous Hornero(Furnarius rufus) duets.In this species,partners partially overlap their songs,with males producing faster-paced,lower-pitched songs compared to females.Morphology was most closely associated with the timing of syllables within duets,though different traits were linked to timing in each sex.Females in better condition(indicated by a higher scaled mass index) and with longer wings produced duet phrases with greater variation in syllable duration.In contrast,males with larger bills showed greater variation in both syllable duration and gaps between syllables.The degree of temporal overlap in syllables increased with female condition,but not male condition,suggesting that overlap may signal female quality.Additionally,minimum duet frequency was negatively associated with male condition,indicating that lower-frequency duets may serve as an honest signal of male quality.These findings indicate that the timing of syllables and minimum duet frequency are both condition-dependent and constrained by morphology,allowing receivers to gain multiple insights into the morphology of duetting partners in Rufous Horneros.
