Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role...Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role of this variation in shaping population distributions of movements.To assess the link between individual movements and population distributions,we radio-tracked 13 Fowler's Toads Anaxyrus fowleri in Long Point,Ontario,Canada,after their breeding season.We recorded individual coordinates every 30 min,from the moment they emerged from their burrows around dusk until they burrowed in the morning,and obtained a total of 157 movements.We used the resulting series of step lengths and turning angles in a Hidden Markov Model to estimate movement type as"directed"or"non-directed"We also assigned to each encounter one of 3 space-dependent movement states:"foraging""in transit'or"searching"and found that movement type and state switched within individuals irrespective of time during a single night.We find that switching between movement types varied throughout the night,leading to stochastic within-individual variation in movements,and the distribution of movement distances differed significantly among individuals.Movement states,however,were time-dependent,suggesting displacement routines were similar across individuals.Variation in movement behavior within individuals scales up to result in variation among individuals which,in turn,was found to shape the distribution of the sampled population.Our findings therefore underline the importance of a multi-scale approach in the study of movement.展开更多
Objective:To identify key factors influencing cognitive function in the elderly,including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutional classification,and to rank their relative importance.Methods:We used cross-sect...Objective:To identify key factors influencing cognitive function in the elderly,including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutional classification,and to rank their relative importance.Methods:We used cross-sectional data from seven geographical regions across Chinese mainland.The Changsha version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to assess cognitive function.A“least absolute shrinkage and selection operator”(LASSO)model,multivariate linear regression analysis,and random forest(RF)model were used.Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the correlation between key TCM constitution types and cognitive function in different population subgroups.Results:A total of 24803 individuals aged 60 and above were included in the study.We selected 18 influential factors using the LASSO model.Higher education,being married,and having insurance were positively correlated with cognitive function in the elderly(all P<0.05).In contrast,poor sleep,vision impairment,hearing impairment,basic activities of daily living disability,instrumental activities of daily living disability,depression,hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes,stroke,yang-deficiency constitution(YADC),yin-deficiency constitution(YIDC),qi deficiency constitution(QDC),and blood stasis constitution(BSC)were negatively correlated with cognitive function(all P<0.05).YIDC and BSC affected all dimensions of cognitive function(all P<0.05).YADC mainly affected attention,language,abstraction(verbal analogies),memory,and orientation to time and place dimensions(P<0.001).QDC mainly affected language and abstraction(verbal analogies)dimensions(P<0.05).The negative correlations between BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC scores and cognitive function revealed statistically significant dif-ferences across most subgroups.The RF model identified education,BSC,and poor sleep quality as the three most influential factors in our study.Conclusion:BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC were associated with cognitive decline in the elderly.Our findings provide new perspectives and significant references for interventions for early-stage cognitive disorders.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an individual and family selfmanagement(IFSM)education program on triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,self-management,and diabetes distress among adults with un...Objectives:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an individual and family selfmanagement(IFSM)education program on triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,self-management,and diabetes distress among adults with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM).Methods:A multicentre randomized controlled trial was employed.The study included 68 dyads(adults with uncontrolled T2DM and one family member)that were randomly allocated to the intervention(n=34)and control groups(n=34)from March to September 2024.Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week IFSM education program,whereas those in the control group received standard routine care.An automated hematology analyzer XP-100 was used to evaluate triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels.The Diabetes Distress Scale and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire were used to measure diabetes distress and self-management,respectively.Results:A total of 67 participants completed the intervention.The generalized estimating equation demonstrated a significantinteraction between group and time.The IFSM education intervention group had a higher diabetes self-management(β=16.68;95%CI=15.23,18.09;P<0.001),lower diabetes distress(β=-30.74;95%CI=-32.57,-28.90;P<0.001),and lower TyG index(β=-1.97;95%CI=-2.41,-1.53;P<0.001)than the control group.Conclusions:The findingsdocumented the capacity of IFSM education to reduce TyG and diabetes distress,which could potentially escalate diabetes self-management among individuals with T2DM.展开更多
Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including ...Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),endoscopic imaging,and genomic profiles-to enable intelligent decision-making for individualized therapy.This approach leverages AI algorithms to fuse imaging,endoscopic,and omics data,facilitating comprehensive characterization of tumor biology,prediction of treatment response,and optimization of therapeutic strategies.By combining CT and MRI for structural assessment,endoscopic data for real-time visual inspection,and genomic information for molecular profiling,multimodal AI enhances the accuracy of patient stratification and treatment personalization.The clinical implementation of this technology demonstrates potential for improving patient outcomes,advancing precision oncology,and supporting individualized care in gastrointestinal cancers.Ultimately,multimodal AI serves as a transformative tool in oncology,bridging data integration with clinical application to effectively tailor therapies.展开更多
Tel Ad办公空间坐落于以色列卡法萨巴一栋翻新建筑内。因自然采光条件有限,设计团队引入中央人工照明中庭,重塑空间流线,并通过材料运用,明确空间界定与功能分区。该中庭既是空间锚点,亦是氛围焦点。鉴于建筑进深较大,难以持续获取自然...Tel Ad办公空间坐落于以色列卡法萨巴一栋翻新建筑内。因自然采光条件有限,设计团队引入中央人工照明中庭,重塑空间流线,并通过材料运用,明确空间界定与功能分区。该中庭既是空间锚点,亦是氛围焦点。鉴于建筑进深较大,难以持续获取自然光线,中庭采用全光谱农业照明系统,以确保绿植全年茂盛生长。同时,空间流线也经重新设计,形成环绕绿色核心的环形路径,既确保了与绿植的持续视觉联系,又使各工作区域间的流线直观且流畅。除满足空间功能需求外,中庭在提升员工福祉与工作效率方面亦扮演关键角色:研究显示,相较于传统无窗办公环境,接触绿植及动态照明等自然元素,可有效降低压力、增强专注力并缓解视疲劳。室内统一采用水磨石地面、不锈钢装饰及天然木饰面,实现了整体空间的连贯性。展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other diseases often observed in a patient’s history in addition to their AD diagnosis,make deciphering the molecular mechanisms that underlie AD,even more important.Large datasets of single-cell RNA sequencing,single-nucleus RNA-sequencing(snRNA-seq),and spatial transcriptomics(ST)have become essential in guiding and supporting new investigations into the cellular and regional susceptibility of AD.However,with unique technology,software,and larger databases emerging;a lack of integration of these data can contribute to ineffective use of valuable knowledge.Importantly,there was no specialized database that concentrates on ST in AD that offers comprehensive differential analyses under various conditions,such as sex-specific,region-specific,and comparisons between AD and control groups until the new Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq databasE for Alzheimer’s Disease(ssREAD)database(Wang et al.,2024)was introduced to meet the scientific community’s growing demand for comprehensive,integrated,and accessible data analysis.展开更多
Objective： Experimental evidence suggests that the overexpression of breast cancer-specific tumor suppressor protein 1 （BRCA1） gene enhances sensitivity to docetaxel and resistance to cisplatin and ribonucleotide r...Objective： Experimental evidence suggests that the overexpression of breast cancer-specific tumor suppressor protein 1 （BRCA1） gene enhances sensitivity to docetaxel and resistance to cisplatin and ribonucleotide reductase M1 （RRM1） gene overexpression enhances resistance to gemcitabine. To further examine the effect of BRCA1 and RRM1 mRNA levels on outcome in advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, we performed this non-randomized phase II clinical trial which tested the hypothesis that customized therapy would confer improved outcome over non-customized therapy. Methods： RNA was isolated from fresh tumor tissue. Patients received chemotherapy regimen based on their BRCA1 and RRM1 mRNA levels： both low-cisplatin plus gemcitabine （GP）; both high-vinorelbine plus cisplatin （NP）; BRCA1 low and RRM1 high-cisplatin plus docetaxel （TP）; BRCA1 high and RRM1 low-vinorelbine plus gemcitabine （GN）. Results： From Dec 2005 to Nov 2008, 94 metastatic and locally advanced NSCLC patients from our institute were enrolled in this study. The median age was 58 years old. Among them, 21 patients received GP, 30 patients received TP and 43 patients received NP chemotherapy. GP group had a higher response rate, and longer median time to progression （TTP） and median overall survival （OS） time than the other 2 groups. The response rates in the GP, TP and NP groups were 42.9%, 36.7% and 27.9%, respectively （P=0.568）. The median TTP was 5.6, 5.0, 4.8 months （P=0.975）, respectively, and the median OS time was 12.5, 11.0, 9.7 months （P=0.808）, respectively. Conclusion： Chemotherapy customized according to BRCA1 and RRM1 expression levels is associated with higher response rate and longer TTP and OS time in the GP group. This suggests that BRCA1 and RRM1 mRNA levels could be used as biomarkers in individual therapy in NSCLC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hydrocelectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of hydrocele,but it often causes complications after surgery,including hematoma,infection,persistent swelling,hydrocele recurrence,and chronic pain. In ...BACKGROUND Hydrocelectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of hydrocele,but it often causes complications after surgery,including hematoma,infection,persistent swelling,hydrocele recurrence,and chronic pain. In recent years,several methods for minimally invasive treatment of hydrocele have been introduced,but they all have limitations. Herein,we introduce a new method of individualized minimally invasive treatment for hydrocele.AIM To present a new method for the treatment of adult testicular hydrocele.METHODS Fifty-two adult patients with idiopathic testicular hydrocele were included. The key point of this procedure was that the scope of the resection of the sheath of the tunica vaginalis was determined according to the maximum diameter(d) of the effusion measured by ultrasound and the maximum diameter of the portion of the sheath pulled out of the scrotum was approximately πd/2. The surgical procedure consisted of a 2-cm incision in the anterior wall of the scrotum,drainage of the effusion,and dissection of part of the sheath of the tunica vaginalis. After the sheath was peeled away to the predetermined target extent,the pulled-out sheath was removed. The intraoperative findings and postoperative complications were analyzed.RESULTS All patients were successfully treated with a median operation time of 18 min.The median maximum diameter of the effusion on ultrasound was 3.5 cm,and the median maximum diameter of the resected sheath was 5.5 cm. Complications occurred in four(7.7%) patients: two(3.8%) cases of mild scrotal edema,one(1.9%) case of scrotal hematoma,and one(1.9%) case of wound infection. All of the complications were grade I-II. Recurrent hydrocele,chronic scrotal pain,and testicular atrophy were not observed during a median follow-up of 12 mo.CONCLUSION We report a new technique for individualized treatment of testicular hydrocele,which is quantitative and minimally invasive and yields good outcomes. Further study is warranted to verify its potential value in clinical practice.展开更多
In this paper,according to the defect of methods which have low identification rate in low SNR,a new individual identification method of radiation source based on information entropy feature and SVM is presented. Firs...In this paper,according to the defect of methods which have low identification rate in low SNR,a new individual identification method of radiation source based on information entropy feature and SVM is presented. Firstly,based on the theory of multi-resolution wavelet analysis,the wavelet power spectrum of noncooperative signal can be gotten. Secondly,according to the information entropy theory,the wavelet power spectrum entropy is defined in this paper. Therefore,the database of signal's wavelet power spectrum entropy can be built in different SNR and signal parameters. Finally,the sorting and identification model based on SVM is built for the individual identification of radiation source signal. The simulation result indicates that this method has a high individual's identification rate in low SNR,when the SNR is greater than 4 dB,the identification rate can reach 100%. Under unstable SNR conditions,when the range of SNR is between 0 dB and 24 dB,the average identification rate is more than 92. 67%. Therefore,this method has a great application value in the complex electromagnetic environment.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The immunosuppressive drugs used worldwide have a narrow therapeutic index, which results in a need to individualize the dose regimen for different recipients. The oxidative enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A...BACKGROUND: The immunosuppressive drugs used worldwide have a narrow therapeutic index, which results in a need to individualize the dose regimen for different recipients. The oxidative enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) are two potential factors in the processes of metabolism. Pharmacogenetic study of immunosuppressive drugs has focused on these two enzymes. This review was undertaken to assess the role of single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) of these two enzymes in the individual administration of immunosuppressive drugs. DATA SOURCES: An English-language literature search was made using MEDLINE for articles on CYP3A and P-gp in organ transplantation. RESULTS: The SNPs of CYP3A and P-gp are closely correlated to the large variations of cyclosporine and tacrolimus dosage between different patients, although conflicting results were obtained by some authors. CONCLUSIONS: More studies should be conducted to elucidate further the pharmacogenetics of immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplantation, a deep understanding of which would provide an important step toward drug regimen individualization in the posttransplant therapy.展开更多
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is a lethal neoplasia, for which secondary prevention(i.e., screening) is advisable for high-risk individuals with "familiar pancreatic cancer" and with other specific ...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is a lethal neoplasia, for which secondary prevention(i.e., screening) is advisable for high-risk individuals with "familiar pancreatic cancer" and with other specific genetic syndromes(Peutz-Jeghers, p16, BRCA2, PALB and mismatch repair gene mutation carriers). There is limited evidence regarding the accuracy of screening tests, their acceptability, costs and availability, and agreement on whom to treat. Successful target of screening are small resectable PDAC, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with high-grade dysplasia and advanced pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Both magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) are employed for screening, and the overall yield for pre-malignant or malignant pancreatic lesions is of about 20% with EUS and 14% with MRI/magnetic resonance colangiopancreatography. EUS performs better for solid and MRI for cystic lesions. However, only 2% of these detected lesions can be considered a successful target, and there are insufficient data demonstrating that resection of benign or low grade lesions improves survival. Many patients in the published studies therefore seemed to have received an overtreatment by undergoing surgery. It is crucial to better stratify the risk of malignancy individually, and to better define optimal screening intervals and methods either with computerized tools or molecular biomarkers, possibly in large multicentre studies. At the moment, screening should be carefully performed within research protocols at experienced centres, offering involved individuals medical and psychological advice.展开更多
Vasovagal syncope(VVS) and postural tachycardia syndrome(POTS) are the main forms of orthostatic intolerance in pediatrics and both are underlying causes of neurally-mediated syncope.In recent years,increasing attenti...Vasovagal syncope(VVS) and postural tachycardia syndrome(POTS) are the main forms of orthostatic intolerance in pediatrics and both are underlying causes of neurally-mediated syncope.In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to the management of VVS and POTS in children and adolescents.A number of potential mechanisms are involved in their pathophysiology,but the leading cause of symptoms varies among patients.A few studies thus have focused on the individualized treatment of VVS or POTS based on selected hemodynamic parameters or biomarkers that can predict the therapeutic effect of certain therapies and improve their effectiveness.This review summarizes the latest developments in individualized treatment of VVS and POTS in children and indicates directions for further research in this field.展开更多
In this paper, we study the epidemic spreading in scale-flee networks and propose a new susceptible-infected- recovered （SIR） model that includes the effect of individual vigilance. In our model, the effective sprea...In this paper, we study the epidemic spreading in scale-flee networks and propose a new susceptible-infected- recovered （SIR） model that includes the effect of individual vigilance. In our model, the effective spreading rate is dynamically adjusted with the time evolution at the vigilance period. Using the mean-field theory, an analytical result is derived. It shows that individual vigilance has no effect on the epidemic threshold. The numerical simulations agree well with the analytical result. Purthermore, we investigate the effect of individual vigilance on the epidemic spreading speed. It is shown that individual vigilance can slow the epidemic spreading speed effectively and delay the arrival of peak epidemic infection.展开更多
基金funded by grants from the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies(FRQNT)to NJthe Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestrythe Ontario Ministry of Environment,Conservation and Parks,and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada to DMG.
文摘Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role of this variation in shaping population distributions of movements.To assess the link between individual movements and population distributions,we radio-tracked 13 Fowler's Toads Anaxyrus fowleri in Long Point,Ontario,Canada,after their breeding season.We recorded individual coordinates every 30 min,from the moment they emerged from their burrows around dusk until they burrowed in the morning,and obtained a total of 157 movements.We used the resulting series of step lengths and turning angles in a Hidden Markov Model to estimate movement type as"directed"or"non-directed"We also assigned to each encounter one of 3 space-dependent movement states:"foraging""in transit'or"searching"and found that movement type and state switched within individuals irrespective of time during a single night.We find that switching between movement types varied throughout the night,leading to stochastic within-individual variation in movements,and the distribution of movement distances differed significantly among individuals.Movement states,however,were time-dependent,suggesting displacement routines were similar across individuals.Variation in movement behavior within individuals scales up to result in variation among individuals which,in turn,was found to shape the distribution of the sampled population.Our findings therefore underline the importance of a multi-scale approach in the study of movement.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC2003102).
文摘Objective:To identify key factors influencing cognitive function in the elderly,including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutional classification,and to rank their relative importance.Methods:We used cross-sectional data from seven geographical regions across Chinese mainland.The Changsha version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to assess cognitive function.A“least absolute shrinkage and selection operator”(LASSO)model,multivariate linear regression analysis,and random forest(RF)model were used.Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the correlation between key TCM constitution types and cognitive function in different population subgroups.Results:A total of 24803 individuals aged 60 and above were included in the study.We selected 18 influential factors using the LASSO model.Higher education,being married,and having insurance were positively correlated with cognitive function in the elderly(all P<0.05).In contrast,poor sleep,vision impairment,hearing impairment,basic activities of daily living disability,instrumental activities of daily living disability,depression,hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes,stroke,yang-deficiency constitution(YADC),yin-deficiency constitution(YIDC),qi deficiency constitution(QDC),and blood stasis constitution(BSC)were negatively correlated with cognitive function(all P<0.05).YIDC and BSC affected all dimensions of cognitive function(all P<0.05).YADC mainly affected attention,language,abstraction(verbal analogies),memory,and orientation to time and place dimensions(P<0.001).QDC mainly affected language and abstraction(verbal analogies)dimensions(P<0.05).The negative correlations between BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC scores and cognitive function revealed statistically significant dif-ferences across most subgroups.The RF model identified education,BSC,and poor sleep quality as the three most influential factors in our study.Conclusion:BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC were associated with cognitive decline in the elderly.Our findings provide new perspectives and significant references for interventions for early-stage cognitive disorders.
基金supported by a Second Century Fund Chulalongkorn University-postdoctoral fellow。
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an individual and family selfmanagement(IFSM)education program on triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,self-management,and diabetes distress among adults with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM).Methods:A multicentre randomized controlled trial was employed.The study included 68 dyads(adults with uncontrolled T2DM and one family member)that were randomly allocated to the intervention(n=34)and control groups(n=34)from March to September 2024.Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week IFSM education program,whereas those in the control group received standard routine care.An automated hematology analyzer XP-100 was used to evaluate triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels.The Diabetes Distress Scale and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire were used to measure diabetes distress and self-management,respectively.Results:A total of 67 participants completed the intervention.The generalized estimating equation demonstrated a significantinteraction between group and time.The IFSM education intervention group had a higher diabetes self-management(β=16.68;95%CI=15.23,18.09;P<0.001),lower diabetes distress(β=-30.74;95%CI=-32.57,-28.90;P<0.001),and lower TyG index(β=-1.97;95%CI=-2.41,-1.53;P<0.001)than the control group.Conclusions:The findingsdocumented the capacity of IFSM education to reduce TyG and diabetes distress,which could potentially escalate diabetes self-management among individuals with T2DM.
基金Supported by Xuhui District Health Commission,No.SHXH202214.
文摘Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),endoscopic imaging,and genomic profiles-to enable intelligent decision-making for individualized therapy.This approach leverages AI algorithms to fuse imaging,endoscopic,and omics data,facilitating comprehensive characterization of tumor biology,prediction of treatment response,and optimization of therapeutic strategies.By combining CT and MRI for structural assessment,endoscopic data for real-time visual inspection,and genomic information for molecular profiling,multimodal AI enhances the accuracy of patient stratification and treatment personalization.The clinical implementation of this technology demonstrates potential for improving patient outcomes,advancing precision oncology,and supporting individualized care in gastrointestinal cancers.Ultimately,multimodal AI serves as a transformative tool in oncology,bridging data integration with clinical application to effectively tailor therapies.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other diseases often observed in a patient’s history in addition to their AD diagnosis,make deciphering the molecular mechanisms that underlie AD,even more important.Large datasets of single-cell RNA sequencing,single-nucleus RNA-sequencing(snRNA-seq),and spatial transcriptomics(ST)have become essential in guiding and supporting new investigations into the cellular and regional susceptibility of AD.However,with unique technology,software,and larger databases emerging;a lack of integration of these data can contribute to ineffective use of valuable knowledge.Importantly,there was no specialized database that concentrates on ST in AD that offers comprehensive differential analyses under various conditions,such as sex-specific,region-specific,and comparisons between AD and control groups until the new Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq databasE for Alzheimer’s Disease(ssREAD)database(Wang et al.,2024)was introduced to meet the scientific community’s growing demand for comprehensive,integrated,and accessible data analysis.
基金supported by grants from the key project of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No.06DZ19502)the project of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (04DZ19109)
文摘Objective： Experimental evidence suggests that the overexpression of breast cancer-specific tumor suppressor protein 1 （BRCA1） gene enhances sensitivity to docetaxel and resistance to cisplatin and ribonucleotide reductase M1 （RRM1） gene overexpression enhances resistance to gemcitabine. To further examine the effect of BRCA1 and RRM1 mRNA levels on outcome in advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, we performed this non-randomized phase II clinical trial which tested the hypothesis that customized therapy would confer improved outcome over non-customized therapy. Methods： RNA was isolated from fresh tumor tissue. Patients received chemotherapy regimen based on their BRCA1 and RRM1 mRNA levels： both low-cisplatin plus gemcitabine （GP）; both high-vinorelbine plus cisplatin （NP）; BRCA1 low and RRM1 high-cisplatin plus docetaxel （TP）; BRCA1 high and RRM1 low-vinorelbine plus gemcitabine （GN）. Results： From Dec 2005 to Nov 2008, 94 metastatic and locally advanced NSCLC patients from our institute were enrolled in this study. The median age was 58 years old. Among them, 21 patients received GP, 30 patients received TP and 43 patients received NP chemotherapy. GP group had a higher response rate, and longer median time to progression （TTP） and median overall survival （OS） time than the other 2 groups. The response rates in the GP, TP and NP groups were 42.9%, 36.7% and 27.9%, respectively （P=0.568）. The median TTP was 5.6, 5.0, 4.8 months （P=0.975）, respectively, and the median OS time was 12.5, 11.0, 9.7 months （P=0.808）, respectively. Conclusion： Chemotherapy customized according to BRCA1 and RRM1 expression levels is associated with higher response rate and longer TTP and OS time in the GP group. This suggests that BRCA1 and RRM1 mRNA levels could be used as biomarkers in individual therapy in NSCLC.
基金Supported by the Joint Funds for Innovation of Science and Technology,Fujian Province,No.2017Y9064
文摘BACKGROUND Hydrocelectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of hydrocele,but it often causes complications after surgery,including hematoma,infection,persistent swelling,hydrocele recurrence,and chronic pain. In recent years,several methods for minimally invasive treatment of hydrocele have been introduced,but they all have limitations. Herein,we introduce a new method of individualized minimally invasive treatment for hydrocele.AIM To present a new method for the treatment of adult testicular hydrocele.METHODS Fifty-two adult patients with idiopathic testicular hydrocele were included. The key point of this procedure was that the scope of the resection of the sheath of the tunica vaginalis was determined according to the maximum diameter(d) of the effusion measured by ultrasound and the maximum diameter of the portion of the sheath pulled out of the scrotum was approximately πd/2. The surgical procedure consisted of a 2-cm incision in the anterior wall of the scrotum,drainage of the effusion,and dissection of part of the sheath of the tunica vaginalis. After the sheath was peeled away to the predetermined target extent,the pulled-out sheath was removed. The intraoperative findings and postoperative complications were analyzed.RESULTS All patients were successfully treated with a median operation time of 18 min.The median maximum diameter of the effusion on ultrasound was 3.5 cm,and the median maximum diameter of the resected sheath was 5.5 cm. Complications occurred in four(7.7%) patients: two(3.8%) cases of mild scrotal edema,one(1.9%) case of scrotal hematoma,and one(1.9%) case of wound infection. All of the complications were grade I-II. Recurrent hydrocele,chronic scrotal pain,and testicular atrophy were not observed during a median follow-up of 12 mo.CONCLUSION We report a new technique for individualized treatment of testicular hydrocele,which is quantitative and minimally invasive and yields good outcomes. Further study is warranted to verify its potential value in clinical practice.
基金Sponsored by the Nation Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61201237,61301095)the Nature Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(Grant No.QC2012C069)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.HEUCFZ1129,HEUCF130817,HEUCF130810)
文摘In this paper,according to the defect of methods which have low identification rate in low SNR,a new individual identification method of radiation source based on information entropy feature and SVM is presented. Firstly,based on the theory of multi-resolution wavelet analysis,the wavelet power spectrum of noncooperative signal can be gotten. Secondly,according to the information entropy theory,the wavelet power spectrum entropy is defined in this paper. Therefore,the database of signal's wavelet power spectrum entropy can be built in different SNR and signal parameters. Finally,the sorting and identification model based on SVM is built for the individual identification of radiation source signal. The simulation result indicates that this method has a high individual's identification rate in low SNR,when the SNR is greater than 4 dB,the identification rate can reach 100%. Under unstable SNR conditions,when the range of SNR is between 0 dB and 24 dB,the average identification rate is more than 92. 67%. Therefore,this method has a great application value in the complex electromagnetic environment.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the 973 National Basic Research Program of China (2003CB515501)
文摘BACKGROUND: The immunosuppressive drugs used worldwide have a narrow therapeutic index, which results in a need to individualize the dose regimen for different recipients. The oxidative enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) are two potential factors in the processes of metabolism. Pharmacogenetic study of immunosuppressive drugs has focused on these two enzymes. This review was undertaken to assess the role of single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) of these two enzymes in the individual administration of immunosuppressive drugs. DATA SOURCES: An English-language literature search was made using MEDLINE for articles on CYP3A and P-gp in organ transplantation. RESULTS: The SNPs of CYP3A and P-gp are closely correlated to the large variations of cyclosporine and tacrolimus dosage between different patients, although conflicting results were obtained by some authors. CONCLUSIONS: More studies should be conducted to elucidate further the pharmacogenetics of immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplantation, a deep understanding of which would provide an important step toward drug regimen individualization in the posttransplant therapy.
文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is a lethal neoplasia, for which secondary prevention(i.e., screening) is advisable for high-risk individuals with "familiar pancreatic cancer" and with other specific genetic syndromes(Peutz-Jeghers, p16, BRCA2, PALB and mismatch repair gene mutation carriers). There is limited evidence regarding the accuracy of screening tests, their acceptability, costs and availability, and agreement on whom to treat. Successful target of screening are small resectable PDAC, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with high-grade dysplasia and advanced pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Both magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) are employed for screening, and the overall yield for pre-malignant or malignant pancreatic lesions is of about 20% with EUS and 14% with MRI/magnetic resonance colangiopancreatography. EUS performs better for solid and MRI for cystic lesions. However, only 2% of these detected lesions can be considered a successful target, and there are insufficient data demonstrating that resection of benign or low grade lesions improves survival. Many patients in the published studies therefore seemed to have received an overtreatment by undergoing surgery. It is crucial to better stratify the risk of malignancy individually, and to better define optimal screening intervals and methods either with computerized tools or molecular biomarkers, possibly in large multicentre studies. At the moment, screening should be carefully performed within research protocols at experienced centres, offering involved individuals medical and psychological advice.
基金supported by Peking University Clinical Scientist Program (BMU2019LCKXJ001,Beijing)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘Vasovagal syncope(VVS) and postural tachycardia syndrome(POTS) are the main forms of orthostatic intolerance in pediatrics and both are underlying causes of neurally-mediated syncope.In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to the management of VVS and POTS in children and adolescents.A number of potential mechanisms are involved in their pathophysiology,but the leading cause of symptoms varies among patients.A few studies thus have focused on the individualized treatment of VVS or POTS based on selected hemodynamic parameters or biomarkers that can predict the therapeutic effect of certain therapies and improve their effectiveness.This review summarizes the latest developments in individualized treatment of VVS and POTS in children and indicates directions for further research in this field.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60874091)the Six Projects Sponsoring Talent Summits of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.SJ209006)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK2010526)the Graduate Student Innovation Research Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.CXLX110417)
文摘In this paper, we study the epidemic spreading in scale-flee networks and propose a new susceptible-infected- recovered （SIR） model that includes the effect of individual vigilance. In our model, the effective spreading rate is dynamically adjusted with the time evolution at the vigilance period. Using the mean-field theory, an analytical result is derived. It shows that individual vigilance has no effect on the epidemic threshold. The numerical simulations agree well with the analytical result. Purthermore, we investigate the effect of individual vigilance on the epidemic spreading speed. It is shown that individual vigilance can slow the epidemic spreading speed effectively and delay the arrival of peak epidemic infection.
