BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequen...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequently influenced by the patient's nutritional status and the quality of nursing care provided.AIM To examine the comprehensive impact of personalized nutritional support and nursing strategies on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer.METHODS In this study,a retrospective comparative analysis was conducted involving 60 post-operative liver cancer patients.The subjects were selected as subjects and divided into two groups based on differing nursing interventions,with each group comprising 30 patients.The control group received standard nutritional support and care,whereas the experimental group received individualized nutritional support and nursing strategies.The study aimed to evaluate the impact of individualized nutrition by comparing the rehabilitation indices,nutritional status,quality of life(QoL),and complication rates between the two groups.RESULTS The results showed that the recovery index of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group 2 weeks after surgery,and the average liver function recovery index of the experimental group was 85.significantly higher than that of the control group(73.67±7.19).In terms of nutritional status,the serum albumin level and body weight stabilization rate of the experimental group were also significantly higher than those of the control group,which were 42.33±2.4 g/L and 93.3%,respectively,compared with 36.01±3.85 g/L and 76.7%of the control group.In addition,the average QoL score of the experimental group was 84.66±3.7 points,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(70.92±4.28 points).At the psychological level,the average anxiety score of the experimental group was 1.17±0.29,and the average depression score was 1.47±0.4,which were significantly lower than the 2.26±0.42 and 2.57±0.45 of the control group.This showed that patients in the experimental group were better relieved of anxiety and depression under the individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy.More importantly,the complication rate in the experimental group was only 10%,much lower than the 33.3%in the control group.CONCLUSION Personalized nutritional support and tailored nursing strategies significantly enhance the postoperative rehabilitation of liver cancer patients.Consequently,it is recommended to implement and advocate for these individualized approaches to improve both the recovery outcomes and QoL for these patients.展开更多
Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role...Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role of this variation in shaping population distributions of movements.To assess the link between individual movements and population distributions,we radio-tracked 13 Fowler's Toads Anaxyrus fowleri in Long Point,Ontario,Canada,after their breeding season.We recorded individual coordinates every 30 min,from the moment they emerged from their burrows around dusk until they burrowed in the morning,and obtained a total of 157 movements.We used the resulting series of step lengths and turning angles in a Hidden Markov Model to estimate movement type as"directed"or"non-directed"We also assigned to each encounter one of 3 space-dependent movement states:"foraging""in transit'or"searching"and found that movement type and state switched within individuals irrespective of time during a single night.We find that switching between movement types varied throughout the night,leading to stochastic within-individual variation in movements,and the distribution of movement distances differed significantly among individuals.Movement states,however,were time-dependent,suggesting displacement routines were similar across individuals.Variation in movement behavior within individuals scales up to result in variation among individuals which,in turn,was found to shape the distribution of the sampled population.Our findings therefore underline the importance of a multi-scale approach in the study of movement.展开更多
Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of indi...Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of individuality in communal signals more complex.In addition,selection may favor the accurate identifcation of pairs over individuals by receivers in year-round territorial species with duetting and long-term pair bonding.Here,we studied pair and individual vocal signatures in the polyphonal duets of rufous horneros Furnarius rufus,a Neotropical bird known for its long-term pair bonds.Hornero partners engage in duets to deter territorial intruders and protect their partnership year-round and can discern duets from neighbors versus strangers.Using a dataset of 471 duets from 43 pairs in 2 populations,we measured fne-scale acoustic features across different duet levels(e.g.,complete duets to non-overlapping syllable parts)and analysis levels(pair or individual).Permuted linear discriminant function analyses classifed pairs and individuals more accurately than expected by chance(means:45%and 47%vs.4 and 2%).Pair identity explained more variance in the multivariate acoustic features of duets than individual or population identities.The initial frequency of the duet showed strong potential for encoding pair identity.The acoustic traits contributing most to individual vocal signatures varied between sexes,which might facilitate the simultaneous assessment of duetters’identities by receivers.Our study indicates that vocal individuality may exist even in species with intricate and innate communal signals and elucidates the mechanisms employed by horneros in their social discrimination ability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)are recommended in combination for screening pancreatic cancer in high-risk individuals.However,in clinical practice,MRI and EUS are increas...BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)are recommended in combination for screening pancreatic cancer in high-risk individuals.However,in clinical practice,MRI and EUS are increasingly utilized for pancreatic surveillance during routine health examinations.AIM To investigate the feasibility of these imaging modalities for screening in low-risk individuals.METHODS This retrospective study included patients at low risk for pancreatic cancer who underwent MRI or EUS at two health evaluation centers between March 2019 and December 2024.Basic characteristics,laboratory data,and imaging results were collected.RESULTS A total of 3364 low-risk individuals underwent pancreatic screening:1553(46.1%)received MRI,and 1811 underwent EUS.No significant differences were observed in age or sex distribution between the groups.In imaging screening,EUS demonstrated a higher detection rate of abnormal pancreatic lesions(12.8%vs 2.6%;P<0.001).MRI detected more cystic lesions than did EUS(P<0.001).EUS identified smaller nodular lesions compared to MRI(9.2 mm vs 18.0 mm;P=0.044).The MRI group had a higher number of confirmed intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(P=0.031),whereas the EUS group identified more suspected branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(P<0.001).Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was found in three patients(0.08%),with no significant difference in detection rates between EUS and MRI(0.11%vs 0.06%;P=0.656).CONCLUSION In low-risk individuals,MRI and EUS offer comparable effectiveness for pancreatic cancer surveillance.The choice of imaging strategy for health evaluation depends on cost considerations and degree of invasiveness.展开更多
Light hydrocarbons(LHs)are key components of petroleum,and the carbon isotopes composition(δ^(13)C)of individual LHs contains a wealth of geochemical information.Forty-four oil samples from five different basins were...Light hydrocarbons(LHs)are key components of petroleum,and the carbon isotopes composition(δ^(13)C)of individual LHs contains a wealth of geochemical information.Forty-four oil samples from five different basins were analyzed using gas chromatography(GC),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC–MS),and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry(GC-IRMS).Theδ^(13)C values of forty-three LHs were recognized and determined by comparing the GC and GC-IRMS methods.The results revealed significant differences inδ^(13)C distribution characteristics among different LH compounds.Theδ^(13)C variation of individual LHs in iso-paraffins showed the widest range,followed by cycloalkanes and aromatics,whereas theδ^(13)C variation in n-paraffins showed the narrowest range.Theδ^(13)C values of most individual LHs are primarily affected by the source facies and thermal evolution.Among them,c-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane(c-1,3DMCH)is mainly sourced from higher plants but may also form through abiotic mechanisms such as catalysis or cyclization.Theδ^(13)C values of c-1,3DMCH(δ^(13)Cc-1,3DMCH)primarily exhibit parental genetic characteristics,enabling effective distinction of oil from different source facies.Specifically,theδ^(13)Cc-1,3DMCH in marine oils,lacustrine oils,terrigenous oils,and coal-formed oils are<–22‰,from–22‰to−20.2‰,from−20.2‰to−18.4‰,and>−18.4‰,respectively.Moreover,maturity is the primary controlling factor forδ^(13)C values of 3MC7(δ^(13)C3MC7,3MC7:3-methylheptane),while the source facies serve as a secondary influence.The plot ofδ^(13)Cc-1,3DMCH andδ^(13)C3MC7 was introduced to classify source facies.Asδ^(13)Cc-1,3DMCH andδ^(13)C3MC7 increase,the source facies transits from marine to lacustrine,then terrigenous,and finally coal facies.Additionally,increasingδ^(13)C3MC7 indicates a relative increase in maturity.Therefore,theδ^(13)Cc-1,3DMCH vs.δ^(13)C3MC7 plot serves as an effective tool for distinguishing source facies and assessing relative maturity.展开更多
Background There is insufficient evidence to provide recommendations for leisure-time physical activity among workers across various occupational physical activity levels.This study aimed to assess the association of ...Background There is insufficient evidence to provide recommendations for leisure-time physical activity among workers across various occupational physical activity levels.This study aimed to assess the association of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity levels.Methods This study utilized individual participant data from 21 cohort studies,comprising both published and unpublished data.Eligibility criteria included individual-level data on leisure-time and occupational physical activity(categorized as sedentary,low,moderate,and high)along with data on all-cause and/or cardiovascular mortality.A 2-stage individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted,with separate analysis of each study using Cox proportional hazards models(Stage 1).These results were combined using random-effects models(Stage 2).Results Higher leisure-time physical activity levels were associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk across most occupational physical activity levels,for both males and females.Among males with sedentary work,high compared to sedentary leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower all-cause(hazard ratios(HR)=0.77,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.70-0.85)and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.76,95%CI:0.66-0.87)risk.Among males with high levels of occupational physical activity,high compared to sedentary leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower all-cause(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.74-0.97)and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.60-1.04)risk,while HRs for low and moderate levels of leisure-time physical activity ranged between 0.87 and 0.97 and were not statistically significant.Among females,most effects were similar but more imprecise,especially in the higher occupational physical activity levels.Conclusion Higher levels of leisure-time physical activity were generally associated with lower mortality risks.However,results for workers with moderate and high occupational physical activity levels,especially women,were more imprecise.Our findings suggests that workers may benefit from engaging in high levels of leisure-time physical activity,irrespective of their level of occupational physical activity.展开更多
The theory of human dignity identifies certain inherent human characteristics,elevating humanity as the pinnacle of creation and valuing individuals as carriers of these traits.Under this framework,individuals are cal...The theory of human dignity identifies certain inherent human characteristics,elevating humanity as the pinnacle of creation and valuing individuals as carriers of these traits.Under this framework,individuals are called to actively embody their human essence and participate in political life to serve the community.Overall,this interpretive paradigm of dignity establishes a distinct concept of autonomy and provides methods for its realization,fostering the secularization of politics by emphasizing human value.The doctrine of individual dignity presupposes the intrinsic worth of individuals and defends their autonomy and equal status through the imposition of legal obligations on the state.However,limited by its essentialist and communitarian orientation,the scope of autonomy and equality it provides to individuals remains constrained.By transcending ontology with a value-based approach,the concept of individual dignity creates a unique,open structure that incorporates and reflects on global human rights practices.This adaptability enables it to integrate abstract societies,advance the global human rights agenda,and critique and refine political realities.Consequently,the concept of individual dignity cannot be supplanted by the human dignity theory.展开更多
Objective:To identify key factors influencing cognitive function in the elderly,including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutional classification,and to rank their relative importance.Methods:We used cross-sect...Objective:To identify key factors influencing cognitive function in the elderly,including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutional classification,and to rank their relative importance.Methods:We used cross-sectional data from seven geographical regions across Chinese mainland.The Changsha version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to assess cognitive function.A“least absolute shrinkage and selection operator”(LASSO)model,multivariate linear regression analysis,and random forest(RF)model were used.Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the correlation between key TCM constitution types and cognitive function in different population subgroups.Results:A total of 24803 individuals aged 60 and above were included in the study.We selected 18 influential factors using the LASSO model.Higher education,being married,and having insurance were positively correlated with cognitive function in the elderly(all P<0.05).In contrast,poor sleep,vision impairment,hearing impairment,basic activities of daily living disability,instrumental activities of daily living disability,depression,hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes,stroke,yang-deficiency constitution(YADC),yin-deficiency constitution(YIDC),qi deficiency constitution(QDC),and blood stasis constitution(BSC)were negatively correlated with cognitive function(all P<0.05).YIDC and BSC affected all dimensions of cognitive function(all P<0.05).YADC mainly affected attention,language,abstraction(verbal analogies),memory,and orientation to time and place dimensions(P<0.001).QDC mainly affected language and abstraction(verbal analogies)dimensions(P<0.05).The negative correlations between BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC scores and cognitive function revealed statistically significant dif-ferences across most subgroups.The RF model identified education,BSC,and poor sleep quality as the three most influential factors in our study.Conclusion:BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC were associated with cognitive decline in the elderly.Our findings provide new perspectives and significant references for interventions for early-stage cognitive disorders.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an individual and family selfmanagement(IFSM)education program on triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,self-management,and diabetes distress among adults with un...Objectives:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an individual and family selfmanagement(IFSM)education program on triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,self-management,and diabetes distress among adults with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM).Methods:A multicentre randomized controlled trial was employed.The study included 68 dyads(adults with uncontrolled T2DM and one family member)that were randomly allocated to the intervention(n=34)and control groups(n=34)from March to September 2024.Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week IFSM education program,whereas those in the control group received standard routine care.An automated hematology analyzer XP-100 was used to evaluate triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels.The Diabetes Distress Scale and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire were used to measure diabetes distress and self-management,respectively.Results:A total of 67 participants completed the intervention.The generalized estimating equation demonstrated a significantinteraction between group and time.The IFSM education intervention group had a higher diabetes self-management(β=16.68;95%CI=15.23,18.09;P<0.001),lower diabetes distress(β=-30.74;95%CI=-32.57,-28.90;P<0.001),and lower TyG index(β=-1.97;95%CI=-2.41,-1.53;P<0.001)than the control group.Conclusions:The findingsdocumented the capacity of IFSM education to reduce TyG and diabetes distress,which could potentially escalate diabetes self-management among individuals with T2DM.展开更多
Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a growing global health burden,with a prevalence of over 52.55 million cases.Rising disability-adjusted life-years,increasing age,and disparities in care have contributed to the worsening sev...Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a growing global health burden,with a prevalence of over 52.55 million cases.Rising disability-adjusted life-years,increasing age,and disparities in care have contributed to the worsening severity and mortality of AF.Modifiable risk factors,such as hypertension,obesity,and diabetes mellitus,are associated with alterations in gut microbiota,making the gut-heart axis a potential therapeutic target.Gut dysbiosis influences AF pathogenesis through inflam-mation,metabolic disruption,and autonomic dysfunction.Key mechanisms include gut barrier dysfunction,short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)depletion,lipopoly-saccharides(LPS)-induced inflammation,and ferroptosis-mediated atrial remodeling.Trimethylamine N-oxide,bile acids,and tryptophan metabolites contribute to arrhythmogenic remodeling.Emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions,including prebiotics and probiotics,as well as gut surveillance,may help mitigate AF progression.Clinical implications of gut modulation in AF include person-alized dietary strategies,microbiome assessment through metagenomic sequencing,and targeted interventions such as SCFA-based therapies and ferroptosis inhibition.Metabolite surveillance,including LPS and indoxyl sulfate monitoring,may influence the effectiveness of anticoagulant and antiarrhythmic therapy.Despite growing mechanistic evidence linking gut dysbiosis to AF,clinical applications remain unexplored.This review summarizes the current understanding of the gut microbiome's role in AF.展开更多
We investigate the relationships between infrared excess(IRX = LIR/LUV) and Balmer decrement(Hα/Hβ) as indicators of dust attenuation for 609 H II regions at scales of ~50–200 pc in NGC 628, utilizing data from Ast...We investigate the relationships between infrared excess(IRX = LIR/LUV) and Balmer decrement(Hα/Hβ) as indicators of dust attenuation for 609 H II regions at scales of ~50–200 pc in NGC 628, utilizing data from AstroSat, the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST) and Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer. Our findings indicate that about three-fifths of the sample H II regions reside within the regime occupied by local star-forming galaxies(SFGs) along the dust attenuation correlation described by their corresponding color excess parameters E(B-V)IRX= 0.51 E(B-V)Hα/Hβ. Nearly 27% of the sample exhibits E(B-V)IRX> E(B-V)Hα/Hβ, while a small fraction(~13%) displays significantly lower E(B-V)IRXcompared to E(B-V)Hα/Hβ. These results suggest that the correlation between the two dust attenuation indicators no longer holds for spatially resolved H II regions. Furthermore, the ratio of E(B-V)IRXto E(B-V)Hα/Hβremains unaffected by various physical parameters of the H II regions, including star formation rate(SFR), SFR surface density, infrared luminosity(LIR),LIRsurface density, stellar mass, gas-phase metallicity, circularized radius, and the distance to the galactic center.We argue that the ratio is primarily influenced by the evolution of the surrounding interstellar medium of the starforming regions, transitioning from an early dense and thick phase to the late blown-away stage.展开更多
Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This stu...Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.展开更多
In the current information society, the dissemination mechanisms and evolution laws of individual or collective opinions and their behaviors are the research hot topics in the field of opinion dynamics. First, in this...In the current information society, the dissemination mechanisms and evolution laws of individual or collective opinions and their behaviors are the research hot topics in the field of opinion dynamics. First, in this paper, a two-layer network consisting of an individual-opinion layer and a collective-opinion layer is constructed, and a dissemination model of opinions incorporating higher-order interactions(i.e. OIHOI dissemination model) is proposed. Furthermore, the dynamic equations of opinion dissemination for both individuals and groups are presented. Using Lyapunov's first method,two equilibrium points, including the negative consensus point and positive consensus point, and the dynamic equations obtained for opinion dissemination, are analyzed theoretically. In addition, for individual opinions and collective opinions,some conditions for reaching negative consensus and positive consensus as well as the theoretical expression for the dissemination threshold are put forward. Numerical simulations are carried to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results, as well as the influence of the intra-structure, inter-connections, and higher-order interactions on the dissemination and evolution of individual opinions. The main results are as follows.(i) When the intra-structure of the collective-opinion layer meets certain characteristics, then a negative or positive consensus is easier to reach for individuals.(ii) Both negative consensus and positive consensus perform best in mixed type of inter-connections in the two-layer network.(iii) Higher-order interactions can quickly eliminate differences in individual opinions, thereby enabling individuals to reach consensus faster.展开更多
Objective:To reveal the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution among elderly individuals in China.Methods: Elderly individuals from seven regions in China...Objective:To reveal the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution among elderly individuals in China.Methods: Elderly individuals from seven regions in China were selected as samples in this study using a multistage cluster random sampling method.The basic information questionnaire and Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(Elderly Edition)were used.Descriptive statistical analysis,chi-squared tests,and binary logistic regression analysis were used.Results: The single balanced constitution(BC)accounted for 23.9%.The results of the major TCM constitution types showed that BC(43.2%)accounted for the largest proportion and unbalanced constitutions ranged from 0.9%to 15.7%.East China region(odds ratio[OR]=2.097;95%confidence interval[CI],1.912 to 2.301),married status(OR=1.341;95%CI,1.235 to 1.457),and managers(OR=1.254;95%CI,1.044 to 1.505)were significantly associated with BC.Age>70 years was associated with qi-deficiency constitution and blood stasis constitution(BSC).Female sex was significantly associated with yang-deficiency constitution(OR=1.646;95%CI,1.52 to 1.782).Southwest region was significantly associated with phlegm-dampness constitution(OR=1.809;95%CI,1.569 to 2.086).North China region was significantly associated with inherited special constitution(OR=2.521;95%CI,1.569 to 4.05).South China region(OR=2.741;95%CI,1.997 to 1.3.763),Central China region(OR=8.889;95%CI,6.676 to 11.835),senior middle school education(OR=2.442;95%CI,1.932 to 3.088),and managers(OR=1.804;95%CI,1.21 to 2.69)were significantly associated with BSC.Conclusions: This study defined the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of TCM constitution in the elderly population.Adjusting and improving unbalanced constitutions,which are correlated with diseases,can help promote healthy aging through the scientific management of these demographic factors.展开更多
Individualized nursing care addresses the needs,experiences,behaviors,feelings,and perceptions of patients and families,but its implementation in clinical practice contexts remains challenging.This review aims to map ...Individualized nursing care addresses the needs,experiences,behaviors,feelings,and perceptions of patients and families,but its implementation in clinical practice contexts remains challenging.This review aims to map the factors that interfere with the individualization of nursing care,in acute medical and perioperative settings.Scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.The MEDLINE,CINAHL,Cochrane,SciELO,Scientific Repository of Open Access,and LILACS databases were searched for publications from January 2017 up to March 2023.Of the 124 articles selected,17 met the inclusion criteria.The individualization of nursing care is complex and shaped by multiple variables in the care environment,nursing,and patient characteristics.The institutional organization,the nurses’expertise,and the patient’s attributes were identified as variables that interfere with the individualization of nursing care.Individualized nursing care is responsible for better quality of care and health outcomes.The identification of the variables that affect individualized care contributes to planning programs to improve individualization,during hospitalization and the discharge.展开更多
Terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)accurately captures tree structural information and provides prerequisites for treescale estimations of forest biophysical attributes.Quantifying tree-scale attributes from TLS point clo...Terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)accurately captures tree structural information and provides prerequisites for treescale estimations of forest biophysical attributes.Quantifying tree-scale attributes from TLS point clouds requires segmentation,yet the occlusion effects severely affect the accuracy of automated individual tree segmentation.In this study,we proposed a novel method using ellipsoid directional searching and point compensation algorithms to alleviate occlusion effects.Firstly,region growing and point compensation algorithms are used to determine the location of tree roots.Secondly,the neighbor points are extracted within an ellipsoid neighborhood to mitigate occlusion effects compared with k-nearest neighbor(KNN).Thirdly,neighbor points are uniformly subsampled by the directional searching algorithm based on the Fibonacci principle in multiple spatial directions to reduce memory consumption.Finally,a graph describing connectivity between a point and its neighbors is constructed,and it is utilized to complete individual tree segmentation based on the shortest path algorithm.The proposed method was evaluated on a public TLS dataset comprising six forest plots with three complexity categories in Evo,Finland,and it reached the highest mean accuracy of 77.5%,higher than previous studies on tree detection.We also extracted and validated the tree structure attributes using manual segmentation reference values.The RMSE,RMSE%,bias,and bias%of tree height,crown base height,crown projection area,crown surface area,and crown volume were used to evaluate the segmentation accuracy,respectively.Overall,the proposed method avoids many inherent limitations of current methods and can accurately map canopy structures in occluded complex forest stands.展开更多
Individual Tree Detection-and-Counting(ITDC)is among the important tasks in town areas,and numerous methods are proposed in this direction.Despite their many advantages,still,the proposed methods are inadequate to pro...Individual Tree Detection-and-Counting(ITDC)is among the important tasks in town areas,and numerous methods are proposed in this direction.Despite their many advantages,still,the proposed methods are inadequate to provide robust results because they mostly rely on the direct field investigations.This paper presents a novel approach involving high-resolution imagery and the Canopy-Height-Model(CHM)data to solve the ITDC problem.The new approach is studied in six urban scenes:farmland,woodland,park,industrial land,road and residential areas.First,it identifies tree canopy regions using a deep learning network from high-resolution imagery.It then deploys the CHM-data to detect treetops of the canopy regions using a local maximum algorithm and individual tree canopies using the region growing.Finally,it calculates and describes the number of individual trees and tree canopies.The proposed approach is experimented with the data from Shanghai,China.Our results show that the individual tree detection method had an average overall accuracy of 0.953,with a precision of 0.987 for woodland scene.Meanwhile,the R^(2) value for canopy segmentation in different urban scenes is greater than 0.780 and 0.779 for canopy area and diameter size,respectively.These results confirm that the proposed method is robust enough for urban tree planning and management.展开更多
Skin color is considered an important beauty standard for women in China.The typical tool for skin color measurement,individual typology angle(ITA),was developed based on Caucasian skin features.The ITA effectively me...Skin color is considered an important beauty standard for women in China.The typical tool for skin color measurement,individual typology angle(ITA),was developed based on Caucasian skin features.The ITA effectively measures the brightness of facial skin,which is traditionally associated with beauty in Caucasian women.However,in Chinese women,whiteness is not the only determinant of skin esthetics,and other elements such as“yellowness”and“redness”are also important considerations.Thus,the hue angle system was developed based on the skin features of Chinese women,whose skin is typically on the“yellow-red”spectrum.Studies examining the skin color of Chinese women based on both the ITA and hue angle should be carried out.The skin colors of 4500 women aged 18–45 years across five different regions of China were measured using both the ITA and hue angle systems.The relationship of the“red pigment and melanin content”with the“brightness and redness of skin color”was also examined.Further,the different skin types of women across different regions were identified.Measurements based on the ITA system reveal a saddle-shaped distribution of skin brightness among Chinese women across five different regions,with skin brightness being high in the eastwest regions and low in the north-south regions.The ITA and hab values are not consistent in individual women,and thus,both need to be considered when evaluating skin color.Additionally,no correlation between the skin’s red pigment and melanin content and the skin’s ITA and hab values is identified.This study provides skin color data based on both the ITA and hue angle systems.The findings show that skin ITA/hab values cannot simply be explained by the red pigment/melanin content of the skin.Given the distribution of skin types across different regions of China,whitening ingredients causing little to no irritation should be used to formulate whitening cosmetics.展开更多
The marine green algae genus Chaetomorpha is a common source of“green tide”and is widespread on coasts around the world.In this study,based on invasive Chaetomorpha valida collected from the Shandong Peninsula,the m...The marine green algae genus Chaetomorpha is a common source of“green tide”and is widespread on coasts around the world.In this study,based on invasive Chaetomorpha valida collected from the Shandong Peninsula,the morphogenesis and reproductive characteristics of two strains that are morphologically different from each other,were observed using experimental biology methods.The main results are as follows:(1)significant difference in the size of reproductive cells produced by Strains 1 and 2;(2)gametes produced by Strain 2 are isogamous and same gametangial during the binding process of gametes,whereas those of Strain 1 are isogamous but hetero-cystic;(3)progeny from Strain 1 has rhizoidal holdfast,whereas that of Strain 2 has discoid holdfast;(4)gametophytic“branching”was found in Strain 1.These results could validate the high phenotypic plasticity of macroalgae and offered an interpretation of habitat adaptation.Furthermore,this study innovatively provided fundamental research on the selection of macroalgal traits and explored competitive strategies for the dominant survival of macroalgae from a new perspective.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequently influenced by the patient's nutritional status and the quality of nursing care provided.AIM To examine the comprehensive impact of personalized nutritional support and nursing strategies on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer.METHODS In this study,a retrospective comparative analysis was conducted involving 60 post-operative liver cancer patients.The subjects were selected as subjects and divided into two groups based on differing nursing interventions,with each group comprising 30 patients.The control group received standard nutritional support and care,whereas the experimental group received individualized nutritional support and nursing strategies.The study aimed to evaluate the impact of individualized nutrition by comparing the rehabilitation indices,nutritional status,quality of life(QoL),and complication rates between the two groups.RESULTS The results showed that the recovery index of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group 2 weeks after surgery,and the average liver function recovery index of the experimental group was 85.significantly higher than that of the control group(73.67±7.19).In terms of nutritional status,the serum albumin level and body weight stabilization rate of the experimental group were also significantly higher than those of the control group,which were 42.33±2.4 g/L and 93.3%,respectively,compared with 36.01±3.85 g/L and 76.7%of the control group.In addition,the average QoL score of the experimental group was 84.66±3.7 points,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(70.92±4.28 points).At the psychological level,the average anxiety score of the experimental group was 1.17±0.29,and the average depression score was 1.47±0.4,which were significantly lower than the 2.26±0.42 and 2.57±0.45 of the control group.This showed that patients in the experimental group were better relieved of anxiety and depression under the individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy.More importantly,the complication rate in the experimental group was only 10%,much lower than the 33.3%in the control group.CONCLUSION Personalized nutritional support and tailored nursing strategies significantly enhance the postoperative rehabilitation of liver cancer patients.Consequently,it is recommended to implement and advocate for these individualized approaches to improve both the recovery outcomes and QoL for these patients.
基金funded by grants from the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies(FRQNT)to NJthe Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestrythe Ontario Ministry of Environment,Conservation and Parks,and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada to DMG.
文摘Animals can differ in their individual movement behaviors during their daily displacements.Studies of animal movement patterns often disregard the need to understand individual variation in these patterns and the role of this variation in shaping population distributions of movements.To assess the link between individual movements and population distributions,we radio-tracked 13 Fowler's Toads Anaxyrus fowleri in Long Point,Ontario,Canada,after their breeding season.We recorded individual coordinates every 30 min,from the moment they emerged from their burrows around dusk until they burrowed in the morning,and obtained a total of 157 movements.We used the resulting series of step lengths and turning angles in a Hidden Markov Model to estimate movement type as"directed"or"non-directed"We also assigned to each encounter one of 3 space-dependent movement states:"foraging""in transit'or"searching"and found that movement type and state switched within individuals irrespective of time during a single night.We find that switching between movement types varied throughout the night,leading to stochastic within-individual variation in movements,and the distribution of movement distances differed significantly among individuals.Movement states,however,were time-dependent,suggesting displacement routines were similar across individuals.Variation in movement behavior within individuals scales up to result in variation among individuals which,in turn,was found to shape the distribution of the sampled population.Our findings therefore underline the importance of a multi-scale approach in the study of movement.
基金P.D.and P.S.A.received Ph.D.scholarships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)(Finance Code 001)P.D.received a Postdoctoral fellowship from CAPES(grant number:88887.469218/2019-00)+4 种基金R.H.M.received a fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científco e Tecnológico(CNPq)for the duration of the study.Funding was also provided by Animal Behavior Society[ABS Student Research Grant to P.S.A.]Association of Field Ornithologists[E.Alexander Bergstrom Memorial Research Award to P.S.A.]American Ornithological Society[Postdoctoral Research Award to P.D.]the logistic and fnancial support provided by Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia from Universidade de Brasília in association with Programa de Excelência Acadêmica PROEX/CAPES(1789/2015)the fnancial support provided by CNPq(471945/2013-7).
文摘Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of individuality in communal signals more complex.In addition,selection may favor the accurate identifcation of pairs over individuals by receivers in year-round territorial species with duetting and long-term pair bonding.Here,we studied pair and individual vocal signatures in the polyphonal duets of rufous horneros Furnarius rufus,a Neotropical bird known for its long-term pair bonds.Hornero partners engage in duets to deter territorial intruders and protect their partnership year-round and can discern duets from neighbors versus strangers.Using a dataset of 471 duets from 43 pairs in 2 populations,we measured fne-scale acoustic features across different duet levels(e.g.,complete duets to non-overlapping syllable parts)and analysis levels(pair or individual).Permuted linear discriminant function analyses classifed pairs and individuals more accurately than expected by chance(means:45%and 47%vs.4 and 2%).Pair identity explained more variance in the multivariate acoustic features of duets than individual or population identities.The initial frequency of the duet showed strong potential for encoding pair identity.The acoustic traits contributing most to individual vocal signatures varied between sexes,which might facilitate the simultaneous assessment of duetters’identities by receivers.Our study indicates that vocal individuality may exist even in species with intricate and innate communal signals and elucidates the mechanisms employed by horneros in their social discrimination ability.
文摘BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)are recommended in combination for screening pancreatic cancer in high-risk individuals.However,in clinical practice,MRI and EUS are increasingly utilized for pancreatic surveillance during routine health examinations.AIM To investigate the feasibility of these imaging modalities for screening in low-risk individuals.METHODS This retrospective study included patients at low risk for pancreatic cancer who underwent MRI or EUS at two health evaluation centers between March 2019 and December 2024.Basic characteristics,laboratory data,and imaging results were collected.RESULTS A total of 3364 low-risk individuals underwent pancreatic screening:1553(46.1%)received MRI,and 1811 underwent EUS.No significant differences were observed in age or sex distribution between the groups.In imaging screening,EUS demonstrated a higher detection rate of abnormal pancreatic lesions(12.8%vs 2.6%;P<0.001).MRI detected more cystic lesions than did EUS(P<0.001).EUS identified smaller nodular lesions compared to MRI(9.2 mm vs 18.0 mm;P=0.044).The MRI group had a higher number of confirmed intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(P=0.031),whereas the EUS group identified more suspected branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(P<0.001).Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was found in three patients(0.08%),with no significant difference in detection rates between EUS and MRI(0.11%vs 0.06%;P=0.656).CONCLUSION In low-risk individuals,MRI and EUS offer comparable effectiveness for pancreatic cancer surveillance.The choice of imaging strategy for health evaluation depends on cost considerations and degree of invasiveness.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42173054).
文摘Light hydrocarbons(LHs)are key components of petroleum,and the carbon isotopes composition(δ^(13)C)of individual LHs contains a wealth of geochemical information.Forty-four oil samples from five different basins were analyzed using gas chromatography(GC),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC–MS),and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry(GC-IRMS).Theδ^(13)C values of forty-three LHs were recognized and determined by comparing the GC and GC-IRMS methods.The results revealed significant differences inδ^(13)C distribution characteristics among different LH compounds.Theδ^(13)C variation of individual LHs in iso-paraffins showed the widest range,followed by cycloalkanes and aromatics,whereas theδ^(13)C variation in n-paraffins showed the narrowest range.Theδ^(13)C values of most individual LHs are primarily affected by the source facies and thermal evolution.Among them,c-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane(c-1,3DMCH)is mainly sourced from higher plants but may also form through abiotic mechanisms such as catalysis or cyclization.Theδ^(13)C values of c-1,3DMCH(δ^(13)Cc-1,3DMCH)primarily exhibit parental genetic characteristics,enabling effective distinction of oil from different source facies.Specifically,theδ^(13)Cc-1,3DMCH in marine oils,lacustrine oils,terrigenous oils,and coal-formed oils are<–22‰,from–22‰to−20.2‰,from−20.2‰to−18.4‰,and>−18.4‰,respectively.Moreover,maturity is the primary controlling factor forδ^(13)C values of 3MC7(δ^(13)C3MC7,3MC7:3-methylheptane),while the source facies serve as a secondary influence.The plot ofδ^(13)Cc-1,3DMCH andδ^(13)C3MC7 was introduced to classify source facies.Asδ^(13)Cc-1,3DMCH andδ^(13)C3MC7 increase,the source facies transits from marine to lacustrine,then terrigenous,and finally coal facies.Additionally,increasingδ^(13)C3MC7 indicates a relative increase in maturity.Therefore,theδ^(13)Cc-1,3DMCH vs.δ^(13)C3MC7 plot serves as an effective tool for distinguishing source facies and assessing relative maturity.
基金The Trùndelag Health Study (HUNT) is a collaboration between HUNT Research Centre (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Trùndelag County Council, Central Norway Regional Health Authority, and the Norwegian Institute of Public HealthThe coordination of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition - Spain study (EPIC) is financially supported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)+7 种基金by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)supported by Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andaluc 1a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain)funded by The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and DevelopmentZon Mw (Grant No.: 531-00141-3)Funding for the SHIP study has been provided by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBFidentification codes 01 ZZ96030, 01 ZZ0103, and 01 ZZ0701)support from the Swedish Research Council (2018-02527 and 2019-00193)financed by the Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and by the State of Bavaria.
文摘Background There is insufficient evidence to provide recommendations for leisure-time physical activity among workers across various occupational physical activity levels.This study aimed to assess the association of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity levels.Methods This study utilized individual participant data from 21 cohort studies,comprising both published and unpublished data.Eligibility criteria included individual-level data on leisure-time and occupational physical activity(categorized as sedentary,low,moderate,and high)along with data on all-cause and/or cardiovascular mortality.A 2-stage individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted,with separate analysis of each study using Cox proportional hazards models(Stage 1).These results were combined using random-effects models(Stage 2).Results Higher leisure-time physical activity levels were associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk across most occupational physical activity levels,for both males and females.Among males with sedentary work,high compared to sedentary leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower all-cause(hazard ratios(HR)=0.77,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.70-0.85)and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.76,95%CI:0.66-0.87)risk.Among males with high levels of occupational physical activity,high compared to sedentary leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower all-cause(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.74-0.97)and cardiovascular mortality(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.60-1.04)risk,while HRs for low and moderate levels of leisure-time physical activity ranged between 0.87 and 0.97 and were not statistically significant.Among females,most effects were similar but more imprecise,especially in the higher occupational physical activity levels.Conclusion Higher levels of leisure-time physical activity were generally associated with lower mortality risks.However,results for workers with moderate and high occupational physical activity levels,especially women,were more imprecise.Our findings suggests that workers may benefit from engaging in high levels of leisure-time physical activity,irrespective of their level of occupational physical activity.
基金This is a phased research outcome of a Key Project of the National Social Science Fund of China,entitled“Research on Improving the Legal Governance System to Guarantee Social Equity and Justice”(Project Number 20AZD028).
文摘The theory of human dignity identifies certain inherent human characteristics,elevating humanity as the pinnacle of creation and valuing individuals as carriers of these traits.Under this framework,individuals are called to actively embody their human essence and participate in political life to serve the community.Overall,this interpretive paradigm of dignity establishes a distinct concept of autonomy and provides methods for its realization,fostering the secularization of politics by emphasizing human value.The doctrine of individual dignity presupposes the intrinsic worth of individuals and defends their autonomy and equal status through the imposition of legal obligations on the state.However,limited by its essentialist and communitarian orientation,the scope of autonomy and equality it provides to individuals remains constrained.By transcending ontology with a value-based approach,the concept of individual dignity creates a unique,open structure that incorporates and reflects on global human rights practices.This adaptability enables it to integrate abstract societies,advance the global human rights agenda,and critique and refine political realities.Consequently,the concept of individual dignity cannot be supplanted by the human dignity theory.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC2003102).
文摘Objective:To identify key factors influencing cognitive function in the elderly,including traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutional classification,and to rank their relative importance.Methods:We used cross-sectional data from seven geographical regions across Chinese mainland.The Changsha version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to assess cognitive function.A“least absolute shrinkage and selection operator”(LASSO)model,multivariate linear regression analysis,and random forest(RF)model were used.Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the correlation between key TCM constitution types and cognitive function in different population subgroups.Results:A total of 24803 individuals aged 60 and above were included in the study.We selected 18 influential factors using the LASSO model.Higher education,being married,and having insurance were positively correlated with cognitive function in the elderly(all P<0.05).In contrast,poor sleep,vision impairment,hearing impairment,basic activities of daily living disability,instrumental activities of daily living disability,depression,hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes,stroke,yang-deficiency constitution(YADC),yin-deficiency constitution(YIDC),qi deficiency constitution(QDC),and blood stasis constitution(BSC)were negatively correlated with cognitive function(all P<0.05).YIDC and BSC affected all dimensions of cognitive function(all P<0.05).YADC mainly affected attention,language,abstraction(verbal analogies),memory,and orientation to time and place dimensions(P<0.001).QDC mainly affected language and abstraction(verbal analogies)dimensions(P<0.05).The negative correlations between BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC scores and cognitive function revealed statistically significant dif-ferences across most subgroups.The RF model identified education,BSC,and poor sleep quality as the three most influential factors in our study.Conclusion:BSC,YADC,YIDC,and QDC were associated with cognitive decline in the elderly.Our findings provide new perspectives and significant references for interventions for early-stage cognitive disorders.
基金supported by a Second Century Fund Chulalongkorn University-postdoctoral fellow。
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an individual and family selfmanagement(IFSM)education program on triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,self-management,and diabetes distress among adults with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM).Methods:A multicentre randomized controlled trial was employed.The study included 68 dyads(adults with uncontrolled T2DM and one family member)that were randomly allocated to the intervention(n=34)and control groups(n=34)from March to September 2024.Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week IFSM education program,whereas those in the control group received standard routine care.An automated hematology analyzer XP-100 was used to evaluate triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels.The Diabetes Distress Scale and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire were used to measure diabetes distress and self-management,respectively.Results:A total of 67 participants completed the intervention.The generalized estimating equation demonstrated a significantinteraction between group and time.The IFSM education intervention group had a higher diabetes self-management(β=16.68;95%CI=15.23,18.09;P<0.001),lower diabetes distress(β=-30.74;95%CI=-32.57,-28.90;P<0.001),and lower TyG index(β=-1.97;95%CI=-2.41,-1.53;P<0.001)than the control group.Conclusions:The findingsdocumented the capacity of IFSM education to reduce TyG and diabetes distress,which could potentially escalate diabetes self-management among individuals with T2DM.
文摘Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a growing global health burden,with a prevalence of over 52.55 million cases.Rising disability-adjusted life-years,increasing age,and disparities in care have contributed to the worsening severity and mortality of AF.Modifiable risk factors,such as hypertension,obesity,and diabetes mellitus,are associated with alterations in gut microbiota,making the gut-heart axis a potential therapeutic target.Gut dysbiosis influences AF pathogenesis through inflam-mation,metabolic disruption,and autonomic dysfunction.Key mechanisms include gut barrier dysfunction,short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)depletion,lipopoly-saccharides(LPS)-induced inflammation,and ferroptosis-mediated atrial remodeling.Trimethylamine N-oxide,bile acids,and tryptophan metabolites contribute to arrhythmogenic remodeling.Emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions,including prebiotics and probiotics,as well as gut surveillance,may help mitigate AF progression.Clinical implications of gut modulation in AF include person-alized dietary strategies,microbiome assessment through metagenomic sequencing,and targeted interventions such as SCFA-based therapies and ferroptosis inhibition.Metabolite surveillance,including LPS and indoxyl sulfate monitoring,may influence the effectiveness of anticoagulant and antiarrhythmic therapy.Despite growing mechanistic evidence linking gut dysbiosis to AF,clinical applications remain unexplored.This review summarizes the current understanding of the gut microbiome's role in AF.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFA1608100)the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos.12233005, 12073078, 12173088, and 12303015)+3 种基金the China Manned Space Program with grants nos. CMS-CSST-2025-A20 and CMS-CSST-2025-A08the support from the Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology(2024yjrc104)the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20231106)the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project
文摘We investigate the relationships between infrared excess(IRX = LIR/LUV) and Balmer decrement(Hα/Hβ) as indicators of dust attenuation for 609 H II regions at scales of ~50–200 pc in NGC 628, utilizing data from AstroSat, the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST) and Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer. Our findings indicate that about three-fifths of the sample H II regions reside within the regime occupied by local star-forming galaxies(SFGs) along the dust attenuation correlation described by their corresponding color excess parameters E(B-V)IRX= 0.51 E(B-V)Hα/Hβ. Nearly 27% of the sample exhibits E(B-V)IRX> E(B-V)Hα/Hβ, while a small fraction(~13%) displays significantly lower E(B-V)IRXcompared to E(B-V)Hα/Hβ. These results suggest that the correlation between the two dust attenuation indicators no longer holds for spatially resolved H II regions. Furthermore, the ratio of E(B-V)IRXto E(B-V)Hα/Hβremains unaffected by various physical parameters of the H II regions, including star formation rate(SFR), SFR surface density, infrared luminosity(LIR),LIRsurface density, stellar mass, gas-phase metallicity, circularized radius, and the distance to the galactic center.We argue that the ratio is primarily influenced by the evolution of the surrounding interstellar medium of the starforming regions, transitioning from an early dense and thick phase to the late blown-away stage.
文摘Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72031009 and 61473338)。
文摘In the current information society, the dissemination mechanisms and evolution laws of individual or collective opinions and their behaviors are the research hot topics in the field of opinion dynamics. First, in this paper, a two-layer network consisting of an individual-opinion layer and a collective-opinion layer is constructed, and a dissemination model of opinions incorporating higher-order interactions(i.e. OIHOI dissemination model) is proposed. Furthermore, the dynamic equations of opinion dissemination for both individuals and groups are presented. Using Lyapunov's first method,two equilibrium points, including the negative consensus point and positive consensus point, and the dynamic equations obtained for opinion dissemination, are analyzed theoretically. In addition, for individual opinions and collective opinions,some conditions for reaching negative consensus and positive consensus as well as the theoretical expression for the dissemination threshold are put forward. Numerical simulations are carried to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results, as well as the influence of the intra-structure, inter-connections, and higher-order interactions on the dissemination and evolution of individual opinions. The main results are as follows.(i) When the intra-structure of the collective-opinion layer meets certain characteristics, then a negative or positive consensus is easier to reach for individuals.(ii) Both negative consensus and positive consensus perform best in mixed type of inter-connections in the two-layer network.(iii) Higher-order interactions can quickly eliminate differences in individual opinions, thereby enabling individuals to reach consensus faster.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC2003102).
文摘Objective:To reveal the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution among elderly individuals in China.Methods: Elderly individuals from seven regions in China were selected as samples in this study using a multistage cluster random sampling method.The basic information questionnaire and Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(Elderly Edition)were used.Descriptive statistical analysis,chi-squared tests,and binary logistic regression analysis were used.Results: The single balanced constitution(BC)accounted for 23.9%.The results of the major TCM constitution types showed that BC(43.2%)accounted for the largest proportion and unbalanced constitutions ranged from 0.9%to 15.7%.East China region(odds ratio[OR]=2.097;95%confidence interval[CI],1.912 to 2.301),married status(OR=1.341;95%CI,1.235 to 1.457),and managers(OR=1.254;95%CI,1.044 to 1.505)were significantly associated with BC.Age>70 years was associated with qi-deficiency constitution and blood stasis constitution(BSC).Female sex was significantly associated with yang-deficiency constitution(OR=1.646;95%CI,1.52 to 1.782).Southwest region was significantly associated with phlegm-dampness constitution(OR=1.809;95%CI,1.569 to 2.086).North China region was significantly associated with inherited special constitution(OR=2.521;95%CI,1.569 to 4.05).South China region(OR=2.741;95%CI,1.997 to 1.3.763),Central China region(OR=8.889;95%CI,6.676 to 11.835),senior middle school education(OR=2.442;95%CI,1.932 to 3.088),and managers(OR=1.804;95%CI,1.21 to 2.69)were significantly associated with BSC.Conclusions: This study defined the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of TCM constitution in the elderly population.Adjusting and improving unbalanced constitutions,which are correlated with diseases,can help promote healthy aging through the scientific management of these demographic factors.
文摘Individualized nursing care addresses the needs,experiences,behaviors,feelings,and perceptions of patients and families,but its implementation in clinical practice contexts remains challenging.This review aims to map the factors that interfere with the individualization of nursing care,in acute medical and perioperative settings.Scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.The MEDLINE,CINAHL,Cochrane,SciELO,Scientific Repository of Open Access,and LILACS databases were searched for publications from January 2017 up to March 2023.Of the 124 articles selected,17 met the inclusion criteria.The individualization of nursing care is complex and shaped by multiple variables in the care environment,nursing,and patient characteristics.The institutional organization,the nurses’expertise,and the patient’s attributes were identified as variables that interfere with the individualization of nursing care.Individualized nursing care is responsible for better quality of care and health outcomes.The identification of the variables that affect individualized care contributes to planning programs to improve individualization,during hospitalization and the discharge.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171789,32211530031,12411530088)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF1303901)+2 种基金the Joint Open Funded Project of State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Natural Resources for Surveying and Mapping Science and Geo-spatial Information Technology(2022-02-02)Background Resources Survey in Shennongjia National Park(SNJNP2022001)the Open Project Fund of Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Shennongjia Snub-nosed Monkeys(SNJGKL2022001).
文摘Terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)accurately captures tree structural information and provides prerequisites for treescale estimations of forest biophysical attributes.Quantifying tree-scale attributes from TLS point clouds requires segmentation,yet the occlusion effects severely affect the accuracy of automated individual tree segmentation.In this study,we proposed a novel method using ellipsoid directional searching and point compensation algorithms to alleviate occlusion effects.Firstly,region growing and point compensation algorithms are used to determine the location of tree roots.Secondly,the neighbor points are extracted within an ellipsoid neighborhood to mitigate occlusion effects compared with k-nearest neighbor(KNN).Thirdly,neighbor points are uniformly subsampled by the directional searching algorithm based on the Fibonacci principle in multiple spatial directions to reduce memory consumption.Finally,a graph describing connectivity between a point and its neighbors is constructed,and it is utilized to complete individual tree segmentation based on the shortest path algorithm.The proposed method was evaluated on a public TLS dataset comprising six forest plots with three complexity categories in Evo,Finland,and it reached the highest mean accuracy of 77.5%,higher than previous studies on tree detection.We also extracted and validated the tree structure attributes using manual segmentation reference values.The RMSE,RMSE%,bias,and bias%of tree height,crown base height,crown projection area,crown surface area,and crown volume were used to evaluate the segmentation accuracy,respectively.Overall,the proposed method avoids many inherent limitations of current methods and can accurately map canopy structures in occluded complex forest stands.
基金supported by the project funded by International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable 740 Development Goals[Grant Number CBAS2022GSP07]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Chongqing Natural Science Foundation[Grant Number CSTB2022NSCQMSX 2069]Ministry of Education of China[Grant Number 19JZD023].
文摘Individual Tree Detection-and-Counting(ITDC)is among the important tasks in town areas,and numerous methods are proposed in this direction.Despite their many advantages,still,the proposed methods are inadequate to provide robust results because they mostly rely on the direct field investigations.This paper presents a novel approach involving high-resolution imagery and the Canopy-Height-Model(CHM)data to solve the ITDC problem.The new approach is studied in six urban scenes:farmland,woodland,park,industrial land,road and residential areas.First,it identifies tree canopy regions using a deep learning network from high-resolution imagery.It then deploys the CHM-data to detect treetops of the canopy regions using a local maximum algorithm and individual tree canopies using the region growing.Finally,it calculates and describes the number of individual trees and tree canopies.The proposed approach is experimented with the data from Shanghai,China.Our results show that the individual tree detection method had an average overall accuracy of 0.953,with a precision of 0.987 for woodland scene.Meanwhile,the R^(2) value for canopy segmentation in different urban scenes is greater than 0.780 and 0.779 for canopy area and diameter size,respectively.These results confirm that the proposed method is robust enough for urban tree planning and management.
基金the financial support provided by a scientific grant(No.TC-2023-003)from Guyu Qingnang Biotechnology Institute,Guangzhou Qingnang Biotechnology Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou Fanzhirong Cosmetics Co.Ltd.
文摘Skin color is considered an important beauty standard for women in China.The typical tool for skin color measurement,individual typology angle(ITA),was developed based on Caucasian skin features.The ITA effectively measures the brightness of facial skin,which is traditionally associated with beauty in Caucasian women.However,in Chinese women,whiteness is not the only determinant of skin esthetics,and other elements such as“yellowness”and“redness”are also important considerations.Thus,the hue angle system was developed based on the skin features of Chinese women,whose skin is typically on the“yellow-red”spectrum.Studies examining the skin color of Chinese women based on both the ITA and hue angle should be carried out.The skin colors of 4500 women aged 18–45 years across five different regions of China were measured using both the ITA and hue angle systems.The relationship of the“red pigment and melanin content”with the“brightness and redness of skin color”was also examined.Further,the different skin types of women across different regions were identified.Measurements based on the ITA system reveal a saddle-shaped distribution of skin brightness among Chinese women across five different regions,with skin brightness being high in the eastwest regions and low in the north-south regions.The ITA and hab values are not consistent in individual women,and thus,both need to be considered when evaluating skin color.Additionally,no correlation between the skin’s red pigment and melanin content and the skin’s ITA and hab values is identified.This study provides skin color data based on both the ITA and hue angle systems.The findings show that skin ITA/hab values cannot simply be explained by the red pigment/melanin content of the skin.Given the distribution of skin types across different regions of China,whitening ingredients causing little to no irritation should be used to formulate whitening cosmetics.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32270219,31970216)。
文摘The marine green algae genus Chaetomorpha is a common source of“green tide”and is widespread on coasts around the world.In this study,based on invasive Chaetomorpha valida collected from the Shandong Peninsula,the morphogenesis and reproductive characteristics of two strains that are morphologically different from each other,were observed using experimental biology methods.The main results are as follows:(1)significant difference in the size of reproductive cells produced by Strains 1 and 2;(2)gametes produced by Strain 2 are isogamous and same gametangial during the binding process of gametes,whereas those of Strain 1 are isogamous but hetero-cystic;(3)progeny from Strain 1 has rhizoidal holdfast,whereas that of Strain 2 has discoid holdfast;(4)gametophytic“branching”was found in Strain 1.These results could validate the high phenotypic plasticity of macroalgae and offered an interpretation of habitat adaptation.Furthermore,this study innovatively provided fundamental research on the selection of macroalgal traits and explored competitive strategies for the dominant survival of macroalgae from a new perspective.
