SOX9(SRY-related HMG box gene 9)is an essential regulator of male sex determination and testis differentiation in many vertebrate species.However,the functional role of Sox9 in testis differentiation has not yet been ...SOX9(SRY-related HMG box gene 9)is an essential regulator of male sex determination and testis differentiation in many vertebrate species.However,the functional role of Sox9 in testis differentiation has not yet been identified in any reptilian species.Herein,Sox9 knockdown in the red-eared slider turtle(Trachemys scripta)embryos at a male-producing temperature led to complete male-to-female sex reversal,characterized by the formation of an ovary-like structure,disappearance of male marker AMH,and ectopic expression of ovarian regulator FOXL2,as well as a female distribution pattern of germ cells.Conversely,in-ovo overexpression of Sox9 at a female-producing temperature resulted in partial masculinization of putative female embryos,with the coexistence of AMH and FOXL2.Our study provides the first direct evidence that Sox9 is indispensable for testicular differentiation in a reptilian species,further confirming the conserved role of Sox9 in vertebrate sexual development.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common age-related dementia without cures. Between 2000 and 2017, deaths resulting from AD increased 145%. Based on the latest statistical data, more than 50 million people in t...Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common age-related dementia without cures. Between 2000 and 2017, deaths resulting from AD increased 145%. Based on the latest statistical data, more than 50 million people in the world suffered this devastating disease, which is one of major burdens in modern public health system(Alzheimer's Association, 2020).展开更多
On June 27th, the China Construction Ministry (CCM) announced that China will intensify efforts to implement the supervision of construction standards with the goal of promoting energy saving practices. By 2010, u... On June 27th, the China Construction Ministry (CCM) announced that China will intensify efforts to implement the supervision of construction standards with the goal of promoting energy saving practices. By 2010, urban construction projects are expected to achieve energy savings of 50%, and by 2020 to save 351 million tons of coal.……展开更多
Hada is a Tibetan--word meaningsilks in Tibetanlanguage.It is tra-ditionally used as a ritualfabric presented to the stat-ues of Buddha, Living Bud-dhas,any revered person orVIP, and during wedding orfuneral ceremony.
In China’s countryside today, so far the foodstuffs for daily-life subsistence are still taken from the traditional farming production in addition to the yield of animal husbandry, while crop plantation takes the lio...In China’s countryside today, so far the foodstuffs for daily-life subsistence are still taken from the traditional farming production in addition to the yield of animal husbandry, while crop plantation takes the lion’s share in our rural economy. During the Medieval Age of the Western countries, however, special stress was placed on raising livestock on pastureland until the Industrial Revolution occurred in the 18th century when grain-oriented agriculture came into being. As a result of the unprecedented boom of modern science and technology now sweeping the whole world, farming productivity has sky-展开更多
Dear Editor,The rapid generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),or ROS burst,is a key feature of pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)-triggered immunity,which is mediated by plasma membrane resident respirat...Dear Editor,The rapid generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),or ROS burst,is a key feature of pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)-triggered immunity,which is mediated by plasma membrane resident respiratory burst oxidase homologs(Rbohs)in plants(Wang et al.,2020).In Arabidopsis,AtRbohD is a well-documented Rboh responsible for PAMP-triggered ROS bursts,with mutations in AtRbohD leading to an abolished ROS response upon PAMP treatments.In rice,OsRbohB has been extensively studied and initially considered the counterpart to AtRbohD(Wong et al.,2007;Fan et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2020;Li et al.,2022;Wang and Kawano,2022).However,our results indicate that mutations in OsRbohB do not affect ROS bursts,whereas OsRbohI mutants show a complete absence of ROS bursts.Consistently,OsRbohI,but not OsRbohB or OsRbohE,can complement the defect in Arabidopsis AtRbohD mutant in PAMP-triggered ROS bursts,demonstrating inter-class conservation in ROS regulation.Moreover,mutations in OsRbohI result in dramatically reduced resistance to rice blast.In addition,phosphorylation occurs at crucial and conserved serine sites in OsRbohI.Altogether,these results suggest that OsRbohI is the indispensable Rboh member for PAMP-induced ROS bursts in rice innate immunity.展开更多
The past forty years has witnessed great achievements in China’s auto-related industries such as petroleum, metallurgical, textile, building materials, machinery equipment, chemical, light industries, etc.. Many chan...The past forty years has witnessed great achievements in China’s auto-related industries such as petroleum, metallurgical, textile, building materials, machinery equipment, chemical, light industries, etc.. Many changes have taken place in road traffic as well as urban construction. The development of these related industries has laid a decent foundation for auto industrial growth, although compared to those of developed countries, a large gap still exists.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION China's dependence on foreign crude oil exceeds 70%,posing significant challenges to national energy security.However,traditional,easily discoverable conventional oil exploration targets are increas...0 INTRODUCTION China's dependence on foreign crude oil exceeds 70%,posing significant challenges to national energy security.However,traditional,easily discoverable conventional oil exploration targets are increasingly scarce.As an important strategic replacement resource,shale oil plays an indispensable role in safeguarding national energy security and has gradually become a hotspot in the oil and gas exploration sector.展开更多
The Nucleic Acid Laboratory,a division of the Clinical Laboratory Department,is responsible for performing real-time PCR(qPCR)assays to rapidly detect infectious diseases,genetic disorders,and more[1].As the gold stan...The Nucleic Acid Laboratory,a division of the Clinical Laboratory Department,is responsible for performing real-time PCR(qPCR)assays to rapidly detect infectious diseases,genetic disorders,and more[1].As the gold standard,qPCR has played an indispensable role in diagnosing pandemic infections,such as the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)[2].展开更多
RNA interference(RNAi)is a fascinating biological process in worms,plants,fungi,and metazoans that has been used as a valuable tool in studying gene functions and as therapeutics.In Caenorhabditis elegans,the multipas...RNA interference(RNAi)is a fascinating biological process in worms,plants,fungi,and metazoans that has been used as a valuable tool in studying gene functions and as therapeutics.In Caenorhabditis elegans,the multipass transmembrane protein,systemic RNA interference defective protein 1(SID-1),has an indispensable role in the uptake and spreading of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)between cells and tissues,resulting in systemic RNAi.展开更多
1.文学常识free verse(自由体诗)-It is poetry that has anirregular rhythm and line length and that attemptsto avoid any predetermined verse structure;instead.it uses the cadences(声音的抑扬顿挫)of
Dear Editor,Aerobic exercise is well known to improve cognitive functions including hippocampus-dependent spatial memory[1]and object recognition[2].Regarding the molecular mechanisms,the indispensable role of brain-d...Dear Editor,Aerobic exercise is well known to improve cognitive functions including hippocampus-dependent spatial memory[1]and object recognition[2].Regarding the molecular mechanisms,the indispensable role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in governing exercise-induced neural plasticity has been demonstrated for the improvement of learning and memory[3].Our recent study further demonstrated the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin pathways downstream of BDNF to drive synaptic protein synthesis upon persistent exercise[4],but leaving the effect of exercise on the post-translational modification of proteins largely unknown.展开更多
Pipeline plays an indispensable role in process industries,because the progressing crack-like defects of in it may result in serious accidents and significant economic losses.Therefore,it is essential to detect the cr...Pipeline plays an indispensable role in process industries,because the progressing crack-like defects of in it may result in serious accidents and significant economic losses.Therefore,it is essential to detect the cracks occurred in pipelines.The axial crack-like defects in elbows with different angle are inspected by using the T(0,1)mode guided waves,in which different configurations including 45°,90°,135°and 180°(straight pipe)are considered respectively.Firstly,the detection sensitivity for different defect location is experimentally investigated.After that,finite element simulation is used to explore the propagation behaviors of T(0,1)mode in different bend structures.Simulation and experiment results show that the crack in different areas of the elbow can affect the detection sensitivity.It can be found that the detection sensitivity of crack in the middle area of the elbow is higher compared to the extrados and intrados of the elbow.Finally,the mode conversion is also investigated when the T(0,1)crosses the bend,and the results show that bend is a key factor to the mode conversion phenomenon which presents between the T(0,1)mode and F(1,2)mode.展开更多
Electro-auriculoacupuncture anesthe-sia was used in 57 instances of cystoscopy incomparison witn 22 similar cases with sur-face anesthesia. The results are reported asfollows:
In recent years,high fidelity numerical models simultaneously reflecting the behaviors of mechanical systems and their underlying materials have gradually become an indispensable part of modern mechanical and producti...In recent years,high fidelity numerical models simultaneously reflecting the behaviors of mechanical systems and their underlying materials have gradually become an indispensable part of modern mechanical and production engineering.In different contexts,the attempt to bridge me chanical engineering with materials science and to replace phenomenological models by the physical ones are named either as integrated computational materials engineering(ICME)or integrated structures and materi als design(ISMD).展开更多
The Italian care situation with regards to prostheses and aids is satisfying. The norm which establishes the ways in which aids can be supplied to disabled people goes back to 1999 and,even though it is based on corre...The Italian care situation with regards to prostheses and aids is satisfying. The norm which establishes the ways in which aids can be supplied to disabled people goes back to 1999 and,even though it is based on correct principles and even though it has produced positive effects in the improvement of the life of disabled people,it must be updated in the light of the more recent technological and scientific innovations and of the new information instruments such as the diffusion of information and communication systems.展开更多
The effect of popping and fermentation on protein quality of three different varieties of amaranth grains cultivated in Ethiopia was evaluated. Total lysine content of the grains was higher than that of commonly avail...The effect of popping and fermentation on protein quality of three different varieties of amaranth grains cultivated in Ethiopia was evaluated. Total lysine content of the grains was higher than that of commonly available cereals but close to that of legumes. Methionine and cysteine contents in the grains were also higher than that found in cereal and legume proteins. Percentage of total indispensable amino acids, excluding tryptophan, was 43% - 49%, which was higher than WHO reference pattern (31%). Popping resulted in 36% and 37% reduction in total lysine and cysteine contents, respectively, whereas fermentation reduced cysteine, lysine and methionine contents by 16%, 20% and 20%, respectively. From the free amino acids, histidine was the major indispensable amino acid but threonine was not detected. During popping, all free amino acids, except threonine, were reduced. On the other hand, fermentation significantly increased (p < 0.01) most amino acids except arginine, which was significantly decreased (p < 0.01), and tyrosine and glutamic acid, for which no change was observed. Popping decreased in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) by 8.3% - 17.1% while fermentation increased IVPD by 4.8% - 7.5%. Substitution of amaranth for wheat and/or maize during complementary food formulation could contribute much to the daily requirements of indispensable amino acids of young children.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFD0900203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31922084,31872960)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(LR19C190001)Key Agricultural Project of Ningbo(2019C10018)。
文摘SOX9(SRY-related HMG box gene 9)is an essential regulator of male sex determination and testis differentiation in many vertebrate species.However,the functional role of Sox9 in testis differentiation has not yet been identified in any reptilian species.Herein,Sox9 knockdown in the red-eared slider turtle(Trachemys scripta)embryos at a male-producing temperature led to complete male-to-female sex reversal,characterized by the formation of an ovary-like structure,disappearance of male marker AMH,and ectopic expression of ovarian regulator FOXL2,as well as a female distribution pattern of germ cells.Conversely,in-ovo overexpression of Sox9 at a female-producing temperature resulted in partial masculinization of putative female embryos,with the coexistence of AMH and FOXL2.Our study provides the first direct evidence that Sox9 is indispensable for testicular differentiation in a reptilian species,further confirming the conserved role of Sox9 in vertebrate sexual development.
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common age-related dementia without cures. Between 2000 and 2017, deaths resulting from AD increased 145%. Based on the latest statistical data, more than 50 million people in the world suffered this devastating disease, which is one of major burdens in modern public health system(Alzheimer's Association, 2020).
文摘 On June 27th, the China Construction Ministry (CCM) announced that China will intensify efforts to implement the supervision of construction standards with the goal of promoting energy saving practices. By 2010, urban construction projects are expected to achieve energy savings of 50%, and by 2020 to save 351 million tons of coal.……
文摘Hada is a Tibetan--word meaningsilks in Tibetanlanguage.It is tra-ditionally used as a ritualfabric presented to the stat-ues of Buddha, Living Bud-dhas,any revered person orVIP, and during wedding orfuneral ceremony.
文摘In China’s countryside today, so far the foodstuffs for daily-life subsistence are still taken from the traditional farming production in addition to the yield of animal husbandry, while crop plantation takes the lion’s share in our rural economy. During the Medieval Age of the Western countries, however, special stress was placed on raising livestock on pastureland until the Industrial Revolution occurred in the 18th century when grain-oriented agriculture came into being. As a result of the unprecedented boom of modern science and technology now sweeping the whole world, farming productivity has sky-
基金Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds(grant no.ZXWH2150201/001)Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.32370314)to J.F.
文摘Dear Editor,The rapid generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),or ROS burst,is a key feature of pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)-triggered immunity,which is mediated by plasma membrane resident respiratory burst oxidase homologs(Rbohs)in plants(Wang et al.,2020).In Arabidopsis,AtRbohD is a well-documented Rboh responsible for PAMP-triggered ROS bursts,with mutations in AtRbohD leading to an abolished ROS response upon PAMP treatments.In rice,OsRbohB has been extensively studied and initially considered the counterpart to AtRbohD(Wong et al.,2007;Fan et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2020;Li et al.,2022;Wang and Kawano,2022).However,our results indicate that mutations in OsRbohB do not affect ROS bursts,whereas OsRbohI mutants show a complete absence of ROS bursts.Consistently,OsRbohI,but not OsRbohB or OsRbohE,can complement the defect in Arabidopsis AtRbohD mutant in PAMP-triggered ROS bursts,demonstrating inter-class conservation in ROS regulation.Moreover,mutations in OsRbohI result in dramatically reduced resistance to rice blast.In addition,phosphorylation occurs at crucial and conserved serine sites in OsRbohI.Altogether,these results suggest that OsRbohI is the indispensable Rboh member for PAMP-induced ROS bursts in rice innate immunity.
文摘The past forty years has witnessed great achievements in China’s auto-related industries such as petroleum, metallurgical, textile, building materials, machinery equipment, chemical, light industries, etc.. Many changes have taken place in road traffic as well as urban construction. The development of these related industries has laid a decent foundation for auto industrial growth, although compared to those of developed countries, a large gap still exists.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42122017)the Independent innovation research program of China University of Petroleum(East China)(No.21CX06001A)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION China's dependence on foreign crude oil exceeds 70%,posing significant challenges to national energy security.However,traditional,easily discoverable conventional oil exploration targets are increasingly scarce.As an important strategic replacement resource,shale oil plays an indispensable role in safeguarding national energy security and has gradually become a hotspot in the oil and gas exploration sector.
基金supported by the Basic research and achievement transformation project of Jiulongpo District Science and Technology Bureau[No.2022-02-013-Y].
文摘The Nucleic Acid Laboratory,a division of the Clinical Laboratory Department,is responsible for performing real-time PCR(qPCR)assays to rapidly detect infectious diseases,genetic disorders,and more[1].As the gold standard,qPCR has played an indispensable role in diagnosing pandemic infections,such as the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaIOPCAS
文摘RNA interference(RNAi)is a fascinating biological process in worms,plants,fungi,and metazoans that has been used as a valuable tool in studying gene functions and as therapeutics.In Caenorhabditis elegans,the multipass transmembrane protein,systemic RNA interference defective protein 1(SID-1),has an indispensable role in the uptake and spreading of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)between cells and tissues,resulting in systemic RNAi.
文摘1.文学常识free verse(自由体诗)-It is poetry that has anirregular rhythm and line length and that attemptsto avoid any predetermined verse structure;instead.it uses the cadences(声音的抑扬顿挫)of
基金by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1306702 and 2020YFA0113600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81771455,81971067,and 32070955)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,China(2018B030334001)the Outstanding Scholar Program of Bioland Laboratory(Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)(2018GZR110102002)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(202007030012)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2019A1515011772).
文摘Dear Editor,Aerobic exercise is well known to improve cognitive functions including hippocampus-dependent spatial memory[1]and object recognition[2].Regarding the molecular mechanisms,the indispensable role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in governing exercise-induced neural plasticity has been demonstrated for the improvement of learning and memory[3].Our recent study further demonstrated the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin pathways downstream of BDNF to drive synaptic protein synthesis upon persistent exercise[4],but leaving the effect of exercise on the post-translational modification of proteins largely unknown.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51575185,51175178)
文摘Pipeline plays an indispensable role in process industries,because the progressing crack-like defects of in it may result in serious accidents and significant economic losses.Therefore,it is essential to detect the cracks occurred in pipelines.The axial crack-like defects in elbows with different angle are inspected by using the T(0,1)mode guided waves,in which different configurations including 45°,90°,135°and 180°(straight pipe)are considered respectively.Firstly,the detection sensitivity for different defect location is experimentally investigated.After that,finite element simulation is used to explore the propagation behaviors of T(0,1)mode in different bend structures.Simulation and experiment results show that the crack in different areas of the elbow can affect the detection sensitivity.It can be found that the detection sensitivity of crack in the middle area of the elbow is higher compared to the extrados and intrados of the elbow.Finally,the mode conversion is also investigated when the T(0,1)crosses the bend,and the results show that bend is a key factor to the mode conversion phenomenon which presents between the T(0,1)mode and F(1,2)mode.
文摘Electro-auriculoacupuncture anesthe-sia was used in 57 instances of cystoscopy incomparison witn 22 similar cases with sur-face anesthesia. The results are reported asfollows:
文摘In recent years,high fidelity numerical models simultaneously reflecting the behaviors of mechanical systems and their underlying materials have gradually become an indispensable part of modern mechanical and production engineering.In different contexts,the attempt to bridge me chanical engineering with materials science and to replace phenomenological models by the physical ones are named either as integrated computational materials engineering(ICME)or integrated structures and materi als design(ISMD).
文摘The Italian care situation with regards to prostheses and aids is satisfying. The norm which establishes the ways in which aids can be supplied to disabled people goes back to 1999 and,even though it is based on correct principles and even though it has produced positive effects in the improvement of the life of disabled people,it must be updated in the light of the more recent technological and scientific innovations and of the new information instruments such as the diffusion of information and communication systems.
文摘The effect of popping and fermentation on protein quality of three different varieties of amaranth grains cultivated in Ethiopia was evaluated. Total lysine content of the grains was higher than that of commonly available cereals but close to that of legumes. Methionine and cysteine contents in the grains were also higher than that found in cereal and legume proteins. Percentage of total indispensable amino acids, excluding tryptophan, was 43% - 49%, which was higher than WHO reference pattern (31%). Popping resulted in 36% and 37% reduction in total lysine and cysteine contents, respectively, whereas fermentation reduced cysteine, lysine and methionine contents by 16%, 20% and 20%, respectively. From the free amino acids, histidine was the major indispensable amino acid but threonine was not detected. During popping, all free amino acids, except threonine, were reduced. On the other hand, fermentation significantly increased (p < 0.01) most amino acids except arginine, which was significantly decreased (p < 0.01), and tyrosine and glutamic acid, for which no change was observed. Popping decreased in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) by 8.3% - 17.1% while fermentation increased IVPD by 4.8% - 7.5%. Substitution of amaranth for wheat and/or maize during complementary food formulation could contribute much to the daily requirements of indispensable amino acids of young children.
