The study attempted to understand indigenous small farming systems and its challenges with the framework of agricultural modernisation in Konso community, Southern Ethiopia. There were 400 household heads from differe...The study attempted to understand indigenous small farming systems and its challenges with the framework of agricultural modernisation in Konso community, Southern Ethiopia. There were 400 household heads from different wealth rank and farming practices considered for in-depth interview. This was completed by focus group discussions and plot level investigations. The findings indicated that the community and landscape are characterized by heterogeneity, implying the challenges of introducing standard modern agricultural technologies. Moreover, the community has wide range of indigenous soil and water conservation （SWC） measures geared to production and protection. For example, in a single plot with a size of less than 0.4 ha, it was possible to produce up to 35 plant spices with multiple functions. The evaluation of the modern agricultural extension services by the community indicates that about 17% was found to be positive in line to diffusion of new technologies and rehabilitation of degraded lands. However, the strengths seem to be offset by the weaknesses （61%） with respect to food security, resilience to drought, synergy with indigenous knowledge, empowerment in decision-making, The findings underlined that to assure food security and sustainable resource management, creating policy environment for holistic and integrated approach, supporting indigenous practices and empowering community in decision making are fundamental.展开更多
The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding c...The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding climate change adaptation processes in Kogi State’s rural populace while contributing to policy frameworks and climate messaging strategies.Correspondingly,this study examines how traditional knowledge supports rural communities during climate change adaptation and it examines the performance of communication methods for weaving indigenous understanding into adaptation procedures.The study was anchored on the Indigenous Knowledge Systems(IKS)Theory according to which the knowledge of indigenous people is considered to be valid and culturally grounded and sustainable instrument of environmental adaptation.It employed surveys by obtaining data from 246 participants in nine(three each from the senatorial districts)rural communities of Kogi State.The analysis focused on 246 responses collected during this research.The finding showed that local weather predictions systems,agricultural traditions,as well as traditional soil preservation methods,are popular and applied by the rural population with high confidence rates to overcome changes in climate.These are community practices,and are still part of the local adaptation strategies.It is also revealed in the study that conventional forms of communication-storytelling,use of indigenous languages,and incorporation of traditional leaders are moderately useful in persuasion of climate adaptation,although there is little reparation of government when it comes to development of communication tactics.The respondents confirmed that it is important to combine the traditional knowledge with suitable formal policy.The study concludes that to become effective and culturally responsive,climate policies and related communication strategies should include participatory approaches of traditional knowledge systems.Its outcomes can be used significantly by policymakers,development practitioners,and climate communication professionals to establish resilient and inclusive adaptation channels in Nigeria and other related settings.展开更多
This paper explores,explains and discusses issues around the dilemma between local conservation of natural resources(often,endangered species and habitats)and tourism needs in Africa.Often and in constitutional terms,...This paper explores,explains and discusses issues around the dilemma between local conservation of natural resources(often,endangered species and habitats)and tourism needs in Africa.Often and in constitutional terms,local people have a right to exploit and use resources endowed in their local area.However,tourists often are interested in viewing the vegetation and animal resources undisturbed.Inevitably,there is an undeclared animosity of values and interests between local communities and tourists and state agencies.As a result,the dilemma is thus of governance.The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the governance dilemma of resource utilization and tourism in Africa in a bid to create an informed stewardship framework for sustainability.This is achieved by way of case studies and narratives from Africa.As such,this paper will be a review literature on how different communities perceive tourism and derive livelihoods from their immediate environment.It also explains how the external factors influence local needs and interests.A more sustainable and operational framework that reduces friction among stakeholders is suggested.展开更多
An ethno-medicinal investigation was conducted to understand the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants being used by the Maninuri tribe in Bangladesh. The present study was done through structured questionnaires i...An ethno-medicinal investigation was conducted to understand the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants being used by the Maninuri tribe in Bangladesh. The present study was done through structured questionnaires in consultations with the tribal practitioners. A total 32 plant species belonging to 26 families and 29 genera were found to use for Curing 37 ailments. Results show that the use of aboveground plant parts was higher （86%） than the underground plant parts （14%）. Leaf was used in the majority of cases for medicinal preparation （17 species） followed by bark, fruit, root/rhizome, whole plant, seed and flower. Among the 32 plant species, they were mainly used to treat dysentery （10 species）, followed by fever and rheumatism （5 species each）; asthma, constipation, wounds and skin diseases （4 species each）; cold ailments, cough and diarrhea （3 species each）. The study revealed that 72% plant species investigated were used to cure more than one ailment. About 75% medicinal plants were taken orally followed by externally （9%） and both orally and externally （16%）. The study thus underscores the potentials of the ethno-botanical research and the need for the documentation of indigenous healthcare knowledge pertaining to the medicinal plant utilization for the greater benefit of mankind.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to present an ethnolinguistic analysis of customary law from a Vietnamese ethnic minority,the Kơho-speaking subgroup Sre,during the middle of the previous century.Their customary law,entit...The purpose of this paper is to present an ethnolinguistic analysis of customary law from a Vietnamese ethnic minority,the Kơho-speaking subgroup Sre,during the middle of the previous century.Their customary law,entitled Nri,consists of five categories of judgements:penalties;responsibility;testimony/evidence;test/examination;and contract/agreement.The full accounting of the Nri lists nine sections or jơnau with a total of 92 individual cases(Dournes,1951).One case from each of the nine sections is abstracted in this paper illustrating the rhyming scheme and reduplication of words to facilitate oral recitation.There are two appendices:(1)a lexicon of all the words;and(2)a detailed inventory of the sections with an example case noted and a reference category taken from Murdock’s Outline of World Cultures(1983).The Nri is transcribed from Kơho-Sre into French and then translated into English.Umberto Eco notes that a translator must take into account rules that are not strictly linguistic,but are also cultural.Eco’s strategy includes:(1)analyze historical,social circumstances in the indigenous cultural;(2)analyze the source message;(3)transfer the message in the target language;(4)reconstruct the expression in the target language;(5)consider the target language;and(6)give a final version(2000).This paper attempts to accomplish that goal.展开更多
文摘The study attempted to understand indigenous small farming systems and its challenges with the framework of agricultural modernisation in Konso community, Southern Ethiopia. There were 400 household heads from different wealth rank and farming practices considered for in-depth interview. This was completed by focus group discussions and plot level investigations. The findings indicated that the community and landscape are characterized by heterogeneity, implying the challenges of introducing standard modern agricultural technologies. Moreover, the community has wide range of indigenous soil and water conservation （SWC） measures geared to production and protection. For example, in a single plot with a size of less than 0.4 ha, it was possible to produce up to 35 plant spices with multiple functions. The evaluation of the modern agricultural extension services by the community indicates that about 17% was found to be positive in line to diffusion of new technologies and rehabilitation of degraded lands. However, the strengths seem to be offset by the weaknesses （61%） with respect to food security, resilience to drought, synergy with indigenous knowledge, empowerment in decision-making, The findings underlined that to assure food security and sustainable resource management, creating policy environment for holistic and integrated approach, supporting indigenous practices and empowering community in decision making are fundamental.
文摘The environmental and economic difficulties arising from climate change affect developing world rural populations with increasing intensity.However,the traditional knowledge serves as a major means for understanding climate change adaptation processes in Kogi State’s rural populace while contributing to policy frameworks and climate messaging strategies.Correspondingly,this study examines how traditional knowledge supports rural communities during climate change adaptation and it examines the performance of communication methods for weaving indigenous understanding into adaptation procedures.The study was anchored on the Indigenous Knowledge Systems(IKS)Theory according to which the knowledge of indigenous people is considered to be valid and culturally grounded and sustainable instrument of environmental adaptation.It employed surveys by obtaining data from 246 participants in nine(three each from the senatorial districts)rural communities of Kogi State.The analysis focused on 246 responses collected during this research.The finding showed that local weather predictions systems,agricultural traditions,as well as traditional soil preservation methods,are popular and applied by the rural population with high confidence rates to overcome changes in climate.These are community practices,and are still part of the local adaptation strategies.It is also revealed in the study that conventional forms of communication-storytelling,use of indigenous languages,and incorporation of traditional leaders are moderately useful in persuasion of climate adaptation,although there is little reparation of government when it comes to development of communication tactics.The respondents confirmed that it is important to combine the traditional knowledge with suitable formal policy.The study concludes that to become effective and culturally responsive,climate policies and related communication strategies should include participatory approaches of traditional knowledge systems.Its outcomes can be used significantly by policymakers,development practitioners,and climate communication professionals to establish resilient and inclusive adaptation channels in Nigeria and other related settings.
文摘This paper explores,explains and discusses issues around the dilemma between local conservation of natural resources(often,endangered species and habitats)and tourism needs in Africa.Often and in constitutional terms,local people have a right to exploit and use resources endowed in their local area.However,tourists often are interested in viewing the vegetation and animal resources undisturbed.Inevitably,there is an undeclared animosity of values and interests between local communities and tourists and state agencies.As a result,the dilemma is thus of governance.The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the governance dilemma of resource utilization and tourism in Africa in a bid to create an informed stewardship framework for sustainability.This is achieved by way of case studies and narratives from Africa.As such,this paper will be a review literature on how different communities perceive tourism and derive livelihoods from their immediate environment.It also explains how the external factors influence local needs and interests.A more sustainable and operational framework that reduces friction among stakeholders is suggested.
文摘An ethno-medicinal investigation was conducted to understand the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants being used by the Maninuri tribe in Bangladesh. The present study was done through structured questionnaires in consultations with the tribal practitioners. A total 32 plant species belonging to 26 families and 29 genera were found to use for Curing 37 ailments. Results show that the use of aboveground plant parts was higher （86%） than the underground plant parts （14%）. Leaf was used in the majority of cases for medicinal preparation （17 species） followed by bark, fruit, root/rhizome, whole plant, seed and flower. Among the 32 plant species, they were mainly used to treat dysentery （10 species）, followed by fever and rheumatism （5 species each）; asthma, constipation, wounds and skin diseases （4 species each）; cold ailments, cough and diarrhea （3 species each）. The study revealed that 72% plant species investigated were used to cure more than one ailment. About 75% medicinal plants were taken orally followed by externally （9%） and both orally and externally （16%）. The study thus underscores the potentials of the ethno-botanical research and the need for the documentation of indigenous healthcare knowledge pertaining to the medicinal plant utilization for the greater benefit of mankind.
基金This paper is a substantial revision of my presentation at the 8th“Engaging With Vietnam:An Interdisciplinary Dialogue”ConferenceEngaging With Vietnam Through Scholarship and the Arts,University of Hawai’i at Manoa,Honolulu,USA,5-8 October 2016.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to present an ethnolinguistic analysis of customary law from a Vietnamese ethnic minority,the Kơho-speaking subgroup Sre,during the middle of the previous century.Their customary law,entitled Nri,consists of five categories of judgements:penalties;responsibility;testimony/evidence;test/examination;and contract/agreement.The full accounting of the Nri lists nine sections or jơnau with a total of 92 individual cases(Dournes,1951).One case from each of the nine sections is abstracted in this paper illustrating the rhyming scheme and reduplication of words to facilitate oral recitation.There are two appendices:(1)a lexicon of all the words;and(2)a detailed inventory of the sections with an example case noted and a reference category taken from Murdock’s Outline of World Cultures(1983).The Nri is transcribed from Kơho-Sre into French and then translated into English.Umberto Eco notes that a translator must take into account rules that are not strictly linguistic,but are also cultural.Eco’s strategy includes:(1)analyze historical,social circumstances in the indigenous cultural;(2)analyze the source message;(3)transfer the message in the target language;(4)reconstruct the expression in the target language;(5)consider the target language;and(6)give a final version(2000).This paper attempts to accomplish that goal.
