Sesame is a multi-purpose high-value oilseed crop,which can beused in the food,feed,and cosmetics applica-tions.The low yield of sesame is due to the lack of high-yielding and locally adapted varieties,which have the ...Sesame is a multi-purpose high-value oilseed crop,which can beused in the food,feed,and cosmetics applica-tions.The low yield of sesame is due to the lack of high-yielding and locally adapted varieties,which have the susceptibility to capsule shattering and biotic and abiotic stresses.The breeding gains in sesame are low and stagnant compared to other oilseed crops such as canola,groundnut and sunflower.Breeding for enhanced yieldrelated,oil quantity and quality,biotic and abiotic stresses tolerant varieties is vital to the adaptation of the climate change.Several genes and quantitative trait loci(QTLs)related to yield-related,oil quantity and quality,biotic and abiotic stresses tolerant have been identified through modern plant breeding tools in sesame.The depth understanding of the genetic basis,molecular mechanisms and regulatory genes involved in yield-related,oil quantity and quality,biotic and abiotic stresses tolerant in sesame is important for the improvement of sesame breeding programs.This article reviews and documents these achievements will provide fundamental data and references for practical applications of sesam research.展开更多
A new C-18 phytosphingosine derivative (1) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum. Its structure was established as (2S, 3S, 4R, 2R)-2-N-(2-hydroxytricosano- yl)-octadecan-1, 3, 4-triol by spectral a...A new C-18 phytosphingosine derivative (1) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum. Its structure was established as (2S, 3S, 4R, 2R)-2-N-(2-hydroxytricosano- yl)-octadecan-1, 3, 4-triol by spectral and chemical methods.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activities of three Chinese plants N. indicum Mill, P. stenoptera DC, and R. japonicum Houtt, and to clarify the molluscicidal mechanism. Methods N-butanol extracts and water ex...Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activities of three Chinese plants N. indicum Mill, P. stenoptera DC, and R. japonicum Houtt, and to clarify the molluscicidal mechanism. Methods N-butanol extracts and water extracts of the three plants were obtained. The reactions of EST isozyme, glycogen and total protein of snails to the plant extracts were studied. Results EST electrophoresis showed that EST was an important antidotal enzyme system and reacted strongly to environment EST changed greatly during the whole exposure period so that it could be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. Extracts decreased the glycogen content of the snails＇ soft tissues greatly, and also the protein content. ConcIusion All extracts show strong molluscicidal activity. The LD50 value of the water extract of N. indicum Mill is as low as 13.2 mg/L. EST can be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. The energy metabolism abnormity is the key reason fnr the molluscicidal activities. The biochemical mechanism needs further research.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effects of Chrysanthemum indicum extract （CIE） on inhibition of proliferation and on apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms, in a human hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） MHCC97H cell line. ...AIM： To investigate the effects of Chrysanthemum indicum extract （CIE） on inhibition of proliferation and on apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms, in a human hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） MHCC97H cell line. METHODS： Viable rat hepatocytes and human endothelial ECV304 cells were examined by trypan blue exclusion and MTT assay, respectively, as normal controls. The proliferation of MHCC97H cells was determined by MTT assay. The cellular morphology of MHCC97H cells was observed by phase contrast microscopy. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell apoptosis with annexin V/propidium iodide （PI）, mitochondrial membrane potential with rhodamine 123 and cell cycle with PI in MHCC97H cells. Apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3 and cell cycle proteins, including P21 and CDK4, were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS： CIE inhibited proliferation of MHCC97H cells in a timeand dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes and human endothelial ceils. CIE induced apoptosis of MHCC97H cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by flow cytometry. The apoptosis was accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. CIE arrested the cell cycle in the S phase by increasing P21 and decreasing CDK4 protein expression. CONCLUSION： CIE exerted a significant apoptotic effect through a mitochondrial pathway and arrested the cell cycle by regulation of cell cycle-related proteins in MHCC97H cells without an effect on normal cells. The cancer-specific selectivity shown in this study suggests that the plant extract could be a promising novel treatment for human cancer.展开更多
Chrysanthemum indicum Flower is usually consumed as functional food. This paper described an improved total quality assessment method for Chrysanthemum indicum Flower by simultaneous quantitation using a single standa...Chrysanthemum indicum Flower is usually consumed as functional food. This paper described an improved total quality assessment method for Chrysanthemum indicum Flower by simultaneous quantitation using a single standard to determine multi-components method combined with high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint analysis. Six main components of Chrysanthemum indicum Flower including two flavonoids and four phenolic acids were simultaneously quantified using linarin as the internal reference standard. The method was fully validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and stability.The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of thirty three batches of Chrysanthemum indicum Flower samples. Under the same chromatographic conditions, fingerprint analysis in combination with Similarity analysis and principal component analysis was performed to identify the samples from different regions. In general, an effective assessment using a single standard to determinate multi-components method combined with fingerprint analysis make the reliable qualitation and quantitation analysis of Chrysanthemum indicum Flower available.展开更多
Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)is a significantly lucrative cash crop for millions of small-holder farmers.Its seeds are an important source of a highly appreciated vegetable oil globally and two clinically essential antio...Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)is a significantly lucrative cash crop for millions of small-holder farmers.Its seeds are an important source of a highly appreciated vegetable oil globally and two clinically essential antioxidant lignans,sesamin and sesamolin.Accordingly,many countries import millions of tons of sesame seed every year.The demand for lignan-rich sesame seeds has been increasing in recent years due to the continuous discovery of several pharmacological attributes of sesamin and sesamolin.To meet this demand,the sesame breeder’s primary objective is to release sesame cultivars that are enriched in oil and lignans.Thus,it is necessary to summarize the information related to the sesamin and sesamolin contents in sesame in order to promote the joint efforts of specialized research teams on this important oilseed crop.In this article,we present the current knowledge on the sesamin and sesamolin contents in S.indicum L.with respect to the updated biosynthesis pathway,associated markers,governing loci,available variability in sesame germplasm,the in planta potential roles of these compounds in sesame,and the newly discovered pharmacological attributes.In addition,we propose and discuss some required studies that might facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of high lignan content sesame varieties.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antifibrotic effects of Chrysanthemum indicum ethanol extract(CIEE)against activated hepatic stellate cells(HSC)and thioacetamide(TAA)-induced hepatofibrosis in rats.Methods:Cell viability...Objective:To investigate the antifibrotic effects of Chrysanthemum indicum ethanol extract(CIEE)against activated hepatic stellate cells(HSC)and thioacetamide(TAA)-induced hepatofibrosis in rats.Methods:Cell viability and proliferation of HSC-T6 cells were measured using MTT assay.Primary HSCs were used to study morphology.TAA(200 mg/kg)was used to induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.CIEE(100 and 500 mg/kg)and silymarin(50 mg/kg)were administered orally.Liver functions including alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,glutathione,and hydroxyproline levels were measured using commercial kits.Liver sections and fibrotic biomarker expression were measured using hematoxylin and eosin staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results:In vitro study revealed that CIEE(0.1,0.25,and 0.5 mg/mL)inhibited the proliferation of activated HSCs exposed to transforming growth factor(TGF)-β and restored the activated primary HSC morphology.In in vivo studies,TAA-induced increase in liver/body weight ratio(5.46±0.26)was significantly reduced(4.13±0.22)by CIEE(P<0.05 at 500 mg/kg).CIEE(100 and 500 mg/kg)improved the liver functions by significantly attenuating changes in alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,glutathione,and hydroxyproline levels(P<0.05).Further,CIEE(100 and 500 mg/kg)ameliorated the histological changes in liver tissue and TGF-β expression significantly(P<0.05)in TAA-induced rats.Conclusions:CIEE significantly protects against TAA-induced liver damage in rats and can be used in the treatment of liver fibrosis.展开更多
The fowers of Chrysanthemum indicum,i.e.Ye-ju-hua recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,has been widely used in China as an important heat-clearing and detoxifying herb for the treatment of infammation,headache,and ve...The fowers of Chrysanthemum indicum,i.e.Ye-ju-hua recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,has been widely used in China as an important heat-clearing and detoxifying herb for the treatment of infammation,headache,and vertigo.A phytochemical investigation of this herb has led to the isolation of two new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids,7-epi-eudesm4(15),11(13)-diene-1β,3β-diol(1)and 7-epi-1β-hydroxy-β-eudesmol(2).The molecular structures of these new sesquiterpenoids were established based on the comprehensive spectroscopic analyses,including NMR,MS,and IR,and comparing with the literatures.展开更多
Objective: To examine the proapoptotic properties of Oroxylum indicum methanol extract on cervical cancer cells. Methods: Methylene blue assay was used to determine the IC50 value of the extract. Western blotting assa...Objective: To examine the proapoptotic properties of Oroxylum indicum methanol extract on cervical cancer cells. Methods: Methylene blue assay was used to determine the IC50 value of the extract. Western blotting assays were done to analyze the expression of HPV oncoproteins (HPV18 E6 and E7) and apoptotic molecules (caspase-3 and caspase-8). Reverse transcriptase PCR assays were performed to determine genetic alteration of tumor suppressors p53 and pRb and apoptosis markers Fas and FasL. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done to determine the expression of cytokine levels (IL-6 and IL-12). Results: The determination of IC50 value indicated a higher anti-proliferative activity of the extract compared to cisplatin. After 24 hours of treatment, Western blot analysis showed that treated HeLa cells exhibited a significant down-regulation of HPV18 oncoproteins E6 and E7, and a significant induction of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation level. Meanwhile, the mRNA expressions of p53, pRb, Fas and FasL were significantly upregulated in treated cells. Moreover, ELISA showed an increased IL-12 and decreased IL-6 production after Oroxylum indicum treatment. Conclusions: The methanol extract of Oroxylum indicum has an anti-proliferative activity and proapoptotic potential. It induces localized-immunity improvements by altering cytokine production in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the potential immunomodulatory effects of an aqueous extract of Sesamum indicum seeds with regard to splenocyte proliferation,Th1/Th2 balance,macrophage function,and the cytotoxic activity of nat...Objective:To evaluate the potential immunomodulatory effects of an aqueous extract of Sesamum indicum seeds with regard to splenocyte proliferation,Th1/Th2 balance,macrophage function,and the cytotoxic activity of natural killer(NK)cells.Methods:Splenocyte proliferation was measured by[~3H]-thymidine incorporation.Griess assay was performed to evaluate the production of nitric oxide by macrophages.The levels of cytokines secreted by splenocytes and macrophages were measured by ELISA.JAM assay was performed to examine the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against YAC-1 tumor cells.Results:Sesamum indicum significantly enhanced splenocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.Sesamum indicum also increased and suppressed the secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines,respectively,by splenocytes.The secretion of key pro-inflammatory mediators(IL-6,TNFα,and nitric oxide)by primary macrophages was significantly inhibited by Sesamum indicum.Moreover,Sesamum indicum increased the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against YAC-1 tumor cells.Conclusions:Sesamum indicum shows potent immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,and anti-cancer effects.Constituents of Sesamum indicum may be used as effective therapeutic agents in regulating immune reactions implicated in various infectious and noninfectious conditions including cancer.展开更多
In this study,we investigated how Oroxylum indicum leaf and fruit extracts affect the viability and migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the mechanisms of action responsible for these effects.MCF-7 cells treated...In this study,we investigated how Oroxylum indicum leaf and fruit extracts affect the viability and migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the mechanisms of action responsible for these effects.MCF-7 cells treated with the extracts were examined using the sulforhodamine B,colony formation and caspase 3 activity assays,and by Western blotting.O.indicum extracts were found to inhibit MCF-7 cell growth in a concentration-and time-dependent manner,with 48 h IC50 values of 57.02±2.85μg/mL and 131.3±19.2μg/mL for leaf and fruit extracts,respectively.Further,the O.indicum leaf extract caused a reduction in MCF-7 cell viability,induction of MCF-7 cell apoptosis and ROS formation,and an increase in caspase 3 activity.Also,the two extracts inhibited MCF-7 cell migration and reduced both MMP 9 and ICAMP1 gene expression and MMP9 protein expression.Additionally,O.indicum extracts greatly reduced expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein Rac1 in the mevalonate pathway.In summary,O.indicum leaf and fruit extracts reduce breast cancer cell growth,cell viability and cell migration.O.indicum constituents could,therefore,be useful for augmenting the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs employed to treat breast cancer.展开更多
A new bicyclic spiroketone was isolated from the bud of Chrysanthemum indicum L. The chemical structure was elucidated as （1R, 9S, 10S）-10-hydroxyl-8 （2＇, 4＇-diynehexylidene）- 9-isovaleryloxy-2, 7-dioxaspiro [5,...A new bicyclic spiroketone was isolated from the bud of Chrysanthemum indicum L. The chemical structure was elucidated as （1R, 9S, 10S）-10-hydroxyl-8 （2＇, 4＇-diynehexylidene）- 9-isovaleryloxy-2, 7-dioxaspiro [5, 4] decane based on the X-ray crystallography.展开更多
A new sesquiterpene with an eudesmane skeleton,named Chrysantherol was isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum.Its structure was elucidated as 1 mainly by the analysis of spectral data.
Objective:To investigate the effect of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice.Methods:The phytochemical composition of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract was determined by liquid chrom...Objective:To investigate the effect of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice.Methods:The phytochemical composition of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract was determined by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry/mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Forty-two male mice were used.The mice were divided into six groups:normal control,high-fat diet control,simvastatin treatment(20 mg/kg BW/day),and Oroxylum indicum fruit extract(100,200,300 mg/kg BW/day)treatment groups.Food intake,body weight,serum parameters,lipid profile,and histopathological lesions of the kidney,liver,and epididymal fat were observed.Results:LC-MS/MS results revealed four major components of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract:luteolin,apigenin,baicalein,and oroxylin A.Twenty-seven volatile oils were identified from Oroxylum indicum fruit extract.Daily oral administration of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract at 100 to 300 mg/kg BW/day significantly reduced the body weight,total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level(P<0.05),whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than the high-fat diet control group.Treatment with 300 mg/kg BW/day Oroxylum indicum fruit extract reduced the pathological lesion and prevented fat accumulation in the kidney and liver.Conclusions:Oroxylum indicum fruit extract has hypolipidemic effect in hyperlipidemic mice,and the active ingredients of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract,both flavonoids and volatile oils,should be further explored as an antihyperlipidemic agent.展开更多
Objective： The roots of two Thai medicinal plants, Clerodendrum indicum and Clerodendrum villosum are found in traditional medicine practices. The aim of this research was to preliminarily study the cytotox- icity of...Objective： The roots of two Thai medicinal plants, Clerodendrum indicum and Clerodendrum villosum are found in traditional medicine practices. The aim of this research was to preliminarily study the cytotox- icity of extracts of their roots, and the parts that possessed cytotoxic activity were separated on a chro- matograph to identify their active compounds. Methods： The extracts of both plants were screened for cytotoxicity on the SW620 cell line and the com- pounds isolated from the active extracts were further evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, including SW620, ChaGo-K-1, HepG2, I（ATO-III and BT-474 using the 3-（4,5-dime thyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyll2-H-tetrazolium bromide （MTI＇） assay. Results： Dichloromethane extracts of C indicum and C. villosum were active against the SW620 cell line. Triterpenoids were mostly obtained from the extracts of these plants （0.28% and 1.02%, respectively） and exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity and specificity against the tested cell lines. Two triterpenoids, oleanolic acid 3-acetate and betulinic acid, displayed moderate to strong cytotoxicity toward all cancer cell lines, with 50% inhibitory concentration （ICso） values of 1.66-20.49 mmol/L, whereas 3β-hydroxy- D：Blfriedo-olean-5-ene and taraxerol were cytotoxic to only the SW620 cell line （ICso= 23.39 and 2.09 mmol/L, respectively）. Triterpenoid, lupeol, showed potent cytotoxicity on both SW620 （ICso= 1.99 mmol/L） and KATO-III cell lines （IC50 = 1.95 μmol/L）, while a fiavonoid, pectolinarigenin, displayed moderate cytotoxicity against these cells （IC50= 13.05 and 24.31 μmol/L, respectively）. Although the widely distributed steroid, stigmasterol, was effective against the SW620 cell line （1Cso = 2.79 μmol/L） and β-sitosterol was also active against SW620 （IC50 = 11.26 μmol/L）, BT-474 （IC50 = 14.11 μmol/L） and HepG2 cancer cells （IC50=20.47μmol/L）, none of the characteristic 24β-ethylsteroids of either Clerodendrum species were shown to be cytotoxic. Conclusion： This study is the first report on the presence of cytotoxic triterpenoids from the roots of these medicinal plants, which have been used in herbal formulas as an antipyretic. Our findings support further in-depth study of this pharmacological activity as an anticancer agent.展开更多
Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)is an ancient oilseed crop of the Pedaliaceae family with high oil content and potential health benefits.SHI RELATED SEQUENCE(SRS)proteins are the transcription factors(TFs)specific to plants...Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)is an ancient oilseed crop of the Pedaliaceae family with high oil content and potential health benefits.SHI RELATED SEQUENCE(SRS)proteins are the transcription factors(TFs)specific to plants that contain RING-like zinc finger domain and are associated with the regulation of several physiological and biochemical processes.They also play vital roles in plant growth and development such as root formation,leaf development,floral development,hormone biosynthesis,signal transduction,and biotic and abiotic stress responses.Nevertheless,the SRS gene family was not reported in sesame yet.In this study,identification,molecular characterization,phylogenetic relationship,cis-acting regulatory elements,protein-protein interaction,syntenic relationship,duplication events and expression pattern of SRS genes were analyzed in S.indicum.We identified total six SiSRS genes on seven different linkage groups in the S.indicum genome by comparing with the other species,including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.The SiSRS genes showed variation in their structure like2–5 exons and 1–4 introns.Like other species,SiSRS proteins also contained‘RING-like zinc finger'and‘LRP1'domains.Then,the SiSRS genes were clustered into subclasses via phylogenetic analysis with proteins of S.indicum,A.thaliana,and some other plant species.The cis-acting regulatory elements analysis revealed that the promoter region of SiSRS4(SIN_1011561)showed the highest 13 and 16 elements for light-and phytohormone-responses whereas,SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)showed the highest 15 elements for stress-response.The ABREs,or ABA-responsive elements,were found in a maximum of 8 copies in the SiSRS3(SIN 1009100).Moreover,the available RNA-seq based expression of SiSRS genes revealed variation in expression patterns between stress-treated and non-treated samples,especially in drought and salinity conditions in.S.indicum.Two SiSRS genes like SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)and SiSRS5(SIN_1021065),also exhibited variable expression patterns between control vs PEG-treated sesame root samples and three SiSRS genes,including SiSRS1(SIN_1015187),SiSRS2(SIN_1003328)and SiSRS5(SIN_1021065)were responsive to salinity treatments.The present outcomes will encourage more research into the gene expression and functionality analysis of SiSRS genes in S.indicum and other related species.展开更多
Sesame production is important in agriculture,food industry,and the crop diversity due to its rich nutritional profile and health benefits.Despite its significant value,sesame is still an orphan crop that has received...Sesame production is important in agriculture,food industry,and the crop diversity due to its rich nutritional profile and health benefits.Despite its significant value,sesame is still an orphan crop that has received little scientific attention,resulting in low yield compared to other major oilseed crops.This review offers a comprehensive overview of the present state of production,knowledge,and research advancements concerning Sesamum indicum on a global scale.The FAOSTAT database was extensively used to examine the global trends from 1961 to 2021.In the past 60 years,global sesame production has substantially increased,with Asia and Africa being the primary producers.The integration of omics technologies and biotechnological interventions has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic basis of sesame,enhanced productivity,invigorated stress resilience,and improved seed quality.High-throughput sequencing methods such as RNA-seq,RAD-seq,SLAF-seq,and GBS technology are used in various studies,linkage mapping,and identification of trait-associated markers.Fine linkage maps,and multi-omics studies such as genomics,proteomics,transcriptomics,and metabolomics have been employed in sesame research for gene and QTL mapping.Proteins and metabolic pathways related to oil content,yield,and stress tolerance were reported.Genes and QTLs related to yield and its components,drought,salt,and osmotic stress tolerance were discovered.Candidate genes associated with capsule shattering and seed shattering were recently revealed.For more achievement in sesame,it is important to enhance sesame production efficiency through mechanization,advanced agricultural practices,and knowledge dissemination to farmers.MAS and multi-omics integration should be particularly reinforced.The advancements in sesame production present a significant and promising opportunity for farmers,governments,and stakeholders in the agricultural sector.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Devel-opment Program of China(2024YFD1600100)the Talented Young Scientist Program(TYSP)+5 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-OCRI)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-14)Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(2022EHB034,2024EHA055)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hubei province(2024-620-000-001-031)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution(1610172023003)the National Center for Crops Germplasm Re-sources(NCCGR-2024-016).
文摘Sesame is a multi-purpose high-value oilseed crop,which can beused in the food,feed,and cosmetics applica-tions.The low yield of sesame is due to the lack of high-yielding and locally adapted varieties,which have the susceptibility to capsule shattering and biotic and abiotic stresses.The breeding gains in sesame are low and stagnant compared to other oilseed crops such as canola,groundnut and sunflower.Breeding for enhanced yieldrelated,oil quantity and quality,biotic and abiotic stresses tolerant varieties is vital to the adaptation of the climate change.Several genes and quantitative trait loci(QTLs)related to yield-related,oil quantity and quality,biotic and abiotic stresses tolerant have been identified through modern plant breeding tools in sesame.The depth understanding of the genetic basis,molecular mechanisms and regulatory genes involved in yield-related,oil quantity and quality,biotic and abiotic stresses tolerant in sesame is important for the improvement of sesame breeding programs.This article reviews and documents these achievements will provide fundamental data and references for practical applications of sesam research.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2000B0066M)
文摘A new C-18 phytosphingosine derivative (1) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum. Its structure was established as (2S, 3S, 4R, 2R)-2-N-(2-hydroxytricosano- yl)-octadecan-1, 3, 4-triol by spectral and chemical methods.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30471506).
文摘Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activities of three Chinese plants N. indicum Mill, P. stenoptera DC, and R. japonicum Houtt, and to clarify the molluscicidal mechanism. Methods N-butanol extracts and water extracts of the three plants were obtained. The reactions of EST isozyme, glycogen and total protein of snails to the plant extracts were studied. Results EST electrophoresis showed that EST was an important antidotal enzyme system and reacted strongly to environment EST changed greatly during the whole exposure period so that it could be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. Extracts decreased the glycogen content of the snails＇ soft tissues greatly, and also the protein content. ConcIusion All extracts show strong molluscicidal activity. The LD50 value of the water extract of N. indicum Mill is as low as 13.2 mg/L. EST can be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. The energy metabolism abnormity is the key reason fnr the molluscicidal activities. The biochemical mechanism needs further research.
基金Supported by Grants From the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30672766Science and Technology Developing Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China,No.2006K16-G4(1)
文摘AIM： To investigate the effects of Chrysanthemum indicum extract （CIE） on inhibition of proliferation and on apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms, in a human hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） MHCC97H cell line. METHODS： Viable rat hepatocytes and human endothelial ECV304 cells were examined by trypan blue exclusion and MTT assay, respectively, as normal controls. The proliferation of MHCC97H cells was determined by MTT assay. The cellular morphology of MHCC97H cells was observed by phase contrast microscopy. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell apoptosis with annexin V/propidium iodide （PI）, mitochondrial membrane potential with rhodamine 123 and cell cycle with PI in MHCC97H cells. Apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3 and cell cycle proteins, including P21 and CDK4, were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS： CIE inhibited proliferation of MHCC97H cells in a timeand dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes and human endothelial ceils. CIE induced apoptosis of MHCC97H cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by flow cytometry. The apoptosis was accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. CIE arrested the cell cycle in the S phase by increasing P21 and decreasing CDK4 protein expression. CONCLUSION： CIE exerted a significant apoptotic effect through a mitochondrial pathway and arrested the cell cycle by regulation of cell cycle-related proteins in MHCC97H cells without an effect on normal cells. The cancer-specific selectivity shown in this study suggests that the plant extract could be a promising novel treatment for human cancer.
文摘Chrysanthemum indicum Flower is usually consumed as functional food. This paper described an improved total quality assessment method for Chrysanthemum indicum Flower by simultaneous quantitation using a single standard to determine multi-components method combined with high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint analysis. Six main components of Chrysanthemum indicum Flower including two flavonoids and four phenolic acids were simultaneously quantified using linarin as the internal reference standard. The method was fully validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and stability.The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of thirty three batches of Chrysanthemum indicum Flower samples. Under the same chromatographic conditions, fingerprint analysis in combination with Similarity analysis and principal component analysis was performed to identify the samples from different regions. In general, an effective assessment using a single standard to determinate multi-components method combined with fingerprint analysis make the reliable qualitation and quantitation analysis of Chrysanthemum indicum Flower available.
基金study was supported by the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(KF2020004,KF2022002)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-OCRI)+3 种基金the Key Research Projects of Hubei Province,China(2020BBA045,2020BHB028)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hubei Province,China(2021-620-000-001-035)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-14)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution,China(Y2022XK11).
文摘Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)is a significantly lucrative cash crop for millions of small-holder farmers.Its seeds are an important source of a highly appreciated vegetable oil globally and two clinically essential antioxidant lignans,sesamin and sesamolin.Accordingly,many countries import millions of tons of sesame seed every year.The demand for lignan-rich sesame seeds has been increasing in recent years due to the continuous discovery of several pharmacological attributes of sesamin and sesamolin.To meet this demand,the sesame breeder’s primary objective is to release sesame cultivars that are enriched in oil and lignans.Thus,it is necessary to summarize the information related to the sesamin and sesamolin contents in sesame in order to promote the joint efforts of specialized research teams on this important oilseed crop.In this article,we present the current knowledge on the sesamin and sesamolin contents in S.indicum L.with respect to the updated biosynthesis pathway,associated markers,governing loci,available variability in sesame germplasm,the in planta potential roles of these compounds in sesame,and the newly discovered pharmacological attributes.In addition,we propose and discuss some required studies that might facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of high lignan content sesame varieties.
文摘Objective:To investigate the antifibrotic effects of Chrysanthemum indicum ethanol extract(CIEE)against activated hepatic stellate cells(HSC)and thioacetamide(TAA)-induced hepatofibrosis in rats.Methods:Cell viability and proliferation of HSC-T6 cells were measured using MTT assay.Primary HSCs were used to study morphology.TAA(200 mg/kg)was used to induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.CIEE(100 and 500 mg/kg)and silymarin(50 mg/kg)were administered orally.Liver functions including alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,glutathione,and hydroxyproline levels were measured using commercial kits.Liver sections and fibrotic biomarker expression were measured using hematoxylin and eosin staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results:In vitro study revealed that CIEE(0.1,0.25,and 0.5 mg/mL)inhibited the proliferation of activated HSCs exposed to transforming growth factor(TGF)-β and restored the activated primary HSC morphology.In in vivo studies,TAA-induced increase in liver/body weight ratio(5.46±0.26)was significantly reduced(4.13±0.22)by CIEE(P<0.05 at 500 mg/kg).CIEE(100 and 500 mg/kg)improved the liver functions by significantly attenuating changes in alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,glutathione,and hydroxyproline levels(P<0.05).Further,CIEE(100 and 500 mg/kg)ameliorated the histological changes in liver tissue and TGF-β expression significantly(P<0.05)in TAA-induced rats.Conclusions:CIEE significantly protects against TAA-induced liver damage in rats and can be used in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81673325,81711540311,and 21705156)the International Partnership Program of CAS(No.153631KYSB20160004)+1 种基金Gansu Province Key International S&T Cooperation Project(No.18YF1WA127)CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program.
文摘The fowers of Chrysanthemum indicum,i.e.Ye-ju-hua recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,has been widely used in China as an important heat-clearing and detoxifying herb for the treatment of infammation,headache,and vertigo.A phytochemical investigation of this herb has led to the isolation of two new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids,7-epi-eudesm4(15),11(13)-diene-1β,3β-diol(1)and 7-epi-1β-hydroxy-β-eudesmol(2).The molecular structures of these new sesquiterpenoids were established based on the comprehensive spectroscopic analyses,including NMR,MS,and IR,and comparing with the literatures.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme Grant 203/PPSK/6171191
文摘Objective: To examine the proapoptotic properties of Oroxylum indicum methanol extract on cervical cancer cells. Methods: Methylene blue assay was used to determine the IC50 value of the extract. Western blotting assays were done to analyze the expression of HPV oncoproteins (HPV18 E6 and E7) and apoptotic molecules (caspase-3 and caspase-8). Reverse transcriptase PCR assays were performed to determine genetic alteration of tumor suppressors p53 and pRb and apoptosis markers Fas and FasL. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done to determine the expression of cytokine levels (IL-6 and IL-12). Results: The determination of IC50 value indicated a higher anti-proliferative activity of the extract compared to cisplatin. After 24 hours of treatment, Western blot analysis showed that treated HeLa cells exhibited a significant down-regulation of HPV18 oncoproteins E6 and E7, and a significant induction of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation level. Meanwhile, the mRNA expressions of p53, pRb, Fas and FasL were significantly upregulated in treated cells. Moreover, ELISA showed an increased IL-12 and decreased IL-6 production after Oroxylum indicum treatment. Conclusions: The methanol extract of Oroxylum indicum has an anti-proliferative activity and proapoptotic potential. It induces localized-immunity improvements by altering cytokine production in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the potential immunomodulatory effects of an aqueous extract of Sesamum indicum seeds with regard to splenocyte proliferation,Th1/Th2 balance,macrophage function,and the cytotoxic activity of natural killer(NK)cells.Methods:Splenocyte proliferation was measured by[~3H]-thymidine incorporation.Griess assay was performed to evaluate the production of nitric oxide by macrophages.The levels of cytokines secreted by splenocytes and macrophages were measured by ELISA.JAM assay was performed to examine the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against YAC-1 tumor cells.Results:Sesamum indicum significantly enhanced splenocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.Sesamum indicum also increased and suppressed the secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines,respectively,by splenocytes.The secretion of key pro-inflammatory mediators(IL-6,TNFα,and nitric oxide)by primary macrophages was significantly inhibited by Sesamum indicum.Moreover,Sesamum indicum increased the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against YAC-1 tumor cells.Conclusions:Sesamum indicum shows potent immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,and anti-cancer effects.Constituents of Sesamum indicum may be used as effective therapeutic agents in regulating immune reactions implicated in various infectious and noninfectious conditions including cancer.
基金financially supported by Mahasarakham University(Fast Track 2019)。
文摘In this study,we investigated how Oroxylum indicum leaf and fruit extracts affect the viability and migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the mechanisms of action responsible for these effects.MCF-7 cells treated with the extracts were examined using the sulforhodamine B,colony formation and caspase 3 activity assays,and by Western blotting.O.indicum extracts were found to inhibit MCF-7 cell growth in a concentration-and time-dependent manner,with 48 h IC50 values of 57.02±2.85μg/mL and 131.3±19.2μg/mL for leaf and fruit extracts,respectively.Further,the O.indicum leaf extract caused a reduction in MCF-7 cell viability,induction of MCF-7 cell apoptosis and ROS formation,and an increase in caspase 3 activity.Also,the two extracts inhibited MCF-7 cell migration and reduced both MMP 9 and ICAMP1 gene expression and MMP9 protein expression.Additionally,O.indicum extracts greatly reduced expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein Rac1 in the mevalonate pathway.In summary,O.indicum leaf and fruit extracts reduce breast cancer cell growth,cell viability and cell migration.O.indicum constituents could,therefore,be useful for augmenting the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs employed to treat breast cancer.
文摘A new bicyclic spiroketone was isolated from the bud of Chrysanthemum indicum L. The chemical structure was elucidated as （1R, 9S, 10S）-10-hydroxyl-8 （2＇, 4＇-diynehexylidene）- 9-isovaleryloxy-2, 7-dioxaspiro [5, 4] decane based on the X-ray crystallography.
文摘A new sesquiterpene with an eudesmane skeleton,named Chrysantherol was isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum.Its structure was elucidated as 1 mainly by the analysis of spectral data.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice.Methods:The phytochemical composition of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract was determined by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry/mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Forty-two male mice were used.The mice were divided into six groups:normal control,high-fat diet control,simvastatin treatment(20 mg/kg BW/day),and Oroxylum indicum fruit extract(100,200,300 mg/kg BW/day)treatment groups.Food intake,body weight,serum parameters,lipid profile,and histopathological lesions of the kidney,liver,and epididymal fat were observed.Results:LC-MS/MS results revealed four major components of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract:luteolin,apigenin,baicalein,and oroxylin A.Twenty-seven volatile oils were identified from Oroxylum indicum fruit extract.Daily oral administration of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract at 100 to 300 mg/kg BW/day significantly reduced the body weight,total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level(P<0.05),whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher than the high-fat diet control group.Treatment with 300 mg/kg BW/day Oroxylum indicum fruit extract reduced the pathological lesion and prevented fat accumulation in the kidney and liver.Conclusions:Oroxylum indicum fruit extract has hypolipidemic effect in hyperlipidemic mice,and the active ingredients of Oroxylum indicum fruit extract,both flavonoids and volatile oils,should be further explored as an antihyperlipidemic agent.
基金supported by a grant from Research Institute of Rangsit University (No. 40/2556)
文摘Objective： The roots of two Thai medicinal plants, Clerodendrum indicum and Clerodendrum villosum are found in traditional medicine practices. The aim of this research was to preliminarily study the cytotox- icity of extracts of their roots, and the parts that possessed cytotoxic activity were separated on a chro- matograph to identify their active compounds. Methods： The extracts of both plants were screened for cytotoxicity on the SW620 cell line and the com- pounds isolated from the active extracts were further evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, including SW620, ChaGo-K-1, HepG2, I（ATO-III and BT-474 using the 3-（4,5-dime thyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyll2-H-tetrazolium bromide （MTI＇） assay. Results： Dichloromethane extracts of C indicum and C. villosum were active against the SW620 cell line. Triterpenoids were mostly obtained from the extracts of these plants （0.28% and 1.02%, respectively） and exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity and specificity against the tested cell lines. Two triterpenoids, oleanolic acid 3-acetate and betulinic acid, displayed moderate to strong cytotoxicity toward all cancer cell lines, with 50% inhibitory concentration （ICso） values of 1.66-20.49 mmol/L, whereas 3β-hydroxy- D：Blfriedo-olean-5-ene and taraxerol were cytotoxic to only the SW620 cell line （ICso= 23.39 and 2.09 mmol/L, respectively）. Triterpenoid, lupeol, showed potent cytotoxicity on both SW620 （ICso= 1.99 mmol/L） and KATO-III cell lines （IC50 = 1.95 μmol/L）, while a fiavonoid, pectolinarigenin, displayed moderate cytotoxicity against these cells （IC50= 13.05 and 24.31 μmol/L, respectively）. Although the widely distributed steroid, stigmasterol, was effective against the SW620 cell line （1Cso = 2.79 μmol/L） and β-sitosterol was also active against SW620 （IC50 = 11.26 μmol/L）, BT-474 （IC50 = 14.11 μmol/L） and HepG2 cancer cells （IC50=20.47μmol/L）, none of the characteristic 24β-ethylsteroids of either Clerodendrum species were shown to be cytotoxic. Conclusion： This study is the first report on the presence of cytotoxic triterpenoids from the roots of these medicinal plants, which have been used in herbal formulas as an antipyretic. Our findings support further in-depth study of this pharmacological activity as an anticancer agent.
文摘Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)is an ancient oilseed crop of the Pedaliaceae family with high oil content and potential health benefits.SHI RELATED SEQUENCE(SRS)proteins are the transcription factors(TFs)specific to plants that contain RING-like zinc finger domain and are associated with the regulation of several physiological and biochemical processes.They also play vital roles in plant growth and development such as root formation,leaf development,floral development,hormone biosynthesis,signal transduction,and biotic and abiotic stress responses.Nevertheless,the SRS gene family was not reported in sesame yet.In this study,identification,molecular characterization,phylogenetic relationship,cis-acting regulatory elements,protein-protein interaction,syntenic relationship,duplication events and expression pattern of SRS genes were analyzed in S.indicum.We identified total six SiSRS genes on seven different linkage groups in the S.indicum genome by comparing with the other species,including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.The SiSRS genes showed variation in their structure like2–5 exons and 1–4 introns.Like other species,SiSRS proteins also contained‘RING-like zinc finger'and‘LRP1'domains.Then,the SiSRS genes were clustered into subclasses via phylogenetic analysis with proteins of S.indicum,A.thaliana,and some other plant species.The cis-acting regulatory elements analysis revealed that the promoter region of SiSRS4(SIN_1011561)showed the highest 13 and 16 elements for light-and phytohormone-responses whereas,SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)showed the highest 15 elements for stress-response.The ABREs,or ABA-responsive elements,were found in a maximum of 8 copies in the SiSRS3(SIN 1009100).Moreover,the available RNA-seq based expression of SiSRS genes revealed variation in expression patterns between stress-treated and non-treated samples,especially in drought and salinity conditions in.S.indicum.Two SiSRS genes like SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)and SiSRS5(SIN_1021065),also exhibited variable expression patterns between control vs PEG-treated sesame root samples and three SiSRS genes,including SiSRS1(SIN_1015187),SiSRS2(SIN_1003328)and SiSRS5(SIN_1021065)were responsive to salinity treatments.The present outcomes will encourage more research into the gene expression and functionality analysis of SiSRS genes in S.indicum and other related species.
文摘Sesame production is important in agriculture,food industry,and the crop diversity due to its rich nutritional profile and health benefits.Despite its significant value,sesame is still an orphan crop that has received little scientific attention,resulting in low yield compared to other major oilseed crops.This review offers a comprehensive overview of the present state of production,knowledge,and research advancements concerning Sesamum indicum on a global scale.The FAOSTAT database was extensively used to examine the global trends from 1961 to 2021.In the past 60 years,global sesame production has substantially increased,with Asia and Africa being the primary producers.The integration of omics technologies and biotechnological interventions has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic basis of sesame,enhanced productivity,invigorated stress resilience,and improved seed quality.High-throughput sequencing methods such as RNA-seq,RAD-seq,SLAF-seq,and GBS technology are used in various studies,linkage mapping,and identification of trait-associated markers.Fine linkage maps,and multi-omics studies such as genomics,proteomics,transcriptomics,and metabolomics have been employed in sesame research for gene and QTL mapping.Proteins and metabolic pathways related to oil content,yield,and stress tolerance were reported.Genes and QTLs related to yield and its components,drought,salt,and osmotic stress tolerance were discovered.Candidate genes associated with capsule shattering and seed shattering were recently revealed.For more achievement in sesame,it is important to enhance sesame production efficiency through mechanization,advanced agricultural practices,and knowledge dissemination to farmers.MAS and multi-omics integration should be particularly reinforced.The advancements in sesame production present a significant and promising opportunity for farmers,governments,and stakeholders in the agricultural sector.
