Objective To study a way to establish a drug inspection evaluation system in China.Methods Through literature research,behavioral event interviews,Delphi expert interviews,and other methods,the theory of“threedimensi...Objective To study a way to establish a drug inspection evaluation system in China.Methods Through literature research,behavioral event interviews,Delphi expert interviews,and other methods,the theory of“threedimensional quality structure model”was used to extract,screen,and construct a set of evaluation indicator system for drug inspection,including 3 first-level indicators,11 second-level indicators,and 47 third-level indicators.Results and Conclusion An effective management tool to evaluate the quality of drug inspection has not yet been formed in China.According to the requirements of laws,regulations,and departmental rules,combined with the mature drug inspection mechanism of international drug regulatory agencies or organizations and the international quality management theory,some management tools are put forward to improve the quality system of drug supervision.展开更多
Based on the definition of desertification adopted by United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,particularly in Africa, first,the pat...Based on the definition of desertification adopted by United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,particularly in Africa, first,the patterns of desertification in China are introduced.Second,desertification assessment indicator system that used in China is presented.It includes:(1)climate classification;(2)classification of land use;(3)classification of desertification patterns which include wind erosion,water erosion,salinization,and grassland degradation;(4)grading index of desertification that includes grading index of desertification caused by wind erosion,desertification caused by water erosion,desertification caused by salinization,indicators of grassland degradation classification.At last,some detailed factors that can be used as indicators in desertification assessment are discussed.展开更多
To evaluate the impact of GMP on Chinese pharmaceutical industry in a quantitative system, we referred to theories on policy evaluation and industrial organization, and conducted literature review, key person intervie...To evaluate the impact of GMP on Chinese pharmaceutical industry in a quantitative system, we referred to theories on policy evaluation and industrial organization, and conducted literature review, key person interview, multi-round Delphi and field investigation. We set up the principles to construct our indicator system, reviewed based on the policy objectives of the new GMP for drugs systematically, and analysed the influence path of the new GMP for pharmaceutical manufacturers. We proposed a three-dimensional ＂structure-conduct-performance＂ evaluation indicator system. Our evaluation indicator system is accepted by experts and relevant personnel, indicating the three-dimensional evaluation indicator system is feasible to evaluate the impact of the new GMP in Chinese pharmaceutical industry.展开更多
The indicator system is the foundation and emphasis in the effectiveness evaluation of system of systems(SoS). In the past, indicator systems were founded based on qualitative methods, and every indicator was mainly d...The indicator system is the foundation and emphasis in the effectiveness evaluation of system of systems(SoS). In the past, indicator systems were founded based on qualitative methods, and every indicator was mainly determined by the expert with experience. This paper proposed a brand-new method to construct indicator systems based on the repeated simulation of the scenario space, and calculated by quantitative data. Firstly, the selection of key indicators using the Gini indicator importance measure(IIM)is calculated by random forests(RFs). Then, principal component analysis(PCA) is applied when we use the selected indicators to construct the composite indicator system of SoS. Furthermore,a set of rulesare is developed to verify the practicability of the indicator system such as correlation, robustness, accuracy and convergence. Experiment shows that the algorithm achieves good results for the construction of composite indicators of So S.展开更多
Because unexpected emergency owns the characteristics of explosive,uncertain evolution direction and group diffusion,more and more researchers concentrate on and try to control it. In addition,considering the force of...Because unexpected emergency owns the characteristics of explosive,uncertain evolution direction and group diffusion,more and more researchers concentrate on and try to control it. In addition,considering the force of network,the information of the unexpected emergency will be spread and enlarged rapidly on internet. It is a new viewpoint using the indicator system to estimate the heat degree of net-mediated public opinion on unexpected emergency,which can reveal the underlying reasons about the formation of the heat degree. Moreover,we use BP(Back Propagation) neural network method instead of traditional subjective weight assignment to calculate the weights of the indicators which can make evaluation results more accurate and objective.展开更多
Indicator systems of environmental sustainable development in the Poyang Lake Basin are established from 51 elementary indexes by factor analysis, which is composed of four steps such as the factor model, the paramete...Indicator systems of environmental sustainable development in the Poyang Lake Basin are established from 51 elementary indexes by factor analysis, which is composed of four steps such as the factor model, the parameter estimation, the factor rotation and the factor score. Under the condition that the cumulative proportion is greater than 85%, 5 explicit factors of environmental sustainable development as well as its factor score by region are carried out. The result indicates some impact factors to the basin environmental in descending sort order are volume of water, volume of waste gas discharge,volume of solid wasters.the degree to comprehensive utilization of waste gas, waste water and solid wastes, the emission volume of waste gas, waste water and solid wastes. It is helpful and important to provide decision support for constituting sustainable development strategies and evaluate the sustainable development status of each city.展开更多
To give play to the role of agricultural catastrophe risk fund in spreading agricultural catastrophe risk,we select natural conditions,economic conditions,social conditions,as the external vulnerability assessment ind...To give play to the role of agricultural catastrophe risk fund in spreading agricultural catastrophe risk,we select natural conditions,economic conditions,social conditions,as the external vulnerability assessment indicators;select commodity rate of agricultural products,substitutability of agricultural products,the extent of agricultural products being related to the national economy and the people's livelihood,as the internal vulnerability assessment indicators.We assign weight to indicators using Analytic Hierarchy Process,and establish assessment indicator system of agricultural catastrophe vulnerability,to analyze the compensation for losses of different agricultural products arising from agricultural catastrophe in different regions.And we take the case of rice in Sichuan Province,to demonstrate the role this indicator system.展开更多
The intellectual property protection, whether judicial or administrative, is evaluated through a performance evaluation indicator system. To building up such a system, we must follow certain working procedures which u...The intellectual property protection, whether judicial or administrative, is evaluated through a performance evaluation indicator system. To building up such a system, we must follow certain working procedures which usually consist of four steps： to determine the performance objectives, to design the structure of indicator system, to specify the indicators and to set up the weight of indicators. Each step plays a different role in performance evaluation indicator system and has its own impact on the realization of performance evaluation objectives respectively. So the scientifically building up a performance evaluation indicator system is the key to determine whether the intellectual property is protected well or not.展开更多
The Wangdonggou Watershed on the Loess Plateau in China was selected as the study area to develop a model for soil erosion assessments. Using the data collected at 20 sampling sites all tentatively selected indicators...The Wangdonggou Watershed on the Loess Plateau in China was selected as the study area to develop a model for soil erosion assessments. Using the data collected at 20 sampling sites all tentatively selected indicators were assessed against their corresponding erosion intensity through a correlation analysis. Eight highly correlated indicators were then chosen for the soil erosion assessment. In addition, threshold limits to delineate the class size for these indicators and weights to rank them were determined. Next, a grading model incorporating the selected indicators class rating and their associated weights was developed and verified by an on site evaluation of the soil erosion intensity in the study area. Results of the verification showed that the overall accuracy of the indicator system for assessing soil erosion in the Loess Plateau gully regions could reach 85%.展开更多
Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes.Despite the popularity of the term"eco-efficiency"in bu...Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes.Despite the popularity of the term"eco-efficiency"in business,limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers.Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency,an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study.The indicator system comprises 22 indicators,which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development,resources consumption, environmental pressure.As a promising statistical technique, principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao's Chengyang District.The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003.Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends.The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979,which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources.The environmental pressure index increased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997,due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years.Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production,so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability.The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.展开更多
Garden plant landscape is one of the main contents of low-carbon landscape design in residential areas. From the basic theory of garden plant landscaping, we put forth five principles and ideas concerning the building...Garden plant landscape is one of the main contents of low-carbon landscape design in residential areas. From the basic theory of garden plant landscaping, we put forth five principles and ideas concerning the building of evaluation indicator system of garden plant landscape, to establish the indicator system with ecological quality, recreational function and aesthetic effect as three layers. According to the characteristics of evaluation system, we use qualitative and quantitative integration method, coupled with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and expert consulting method, to determine the weight of various factors. And we use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to test this indicator system, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the research on evaluation indicator system of low-carbon landscape.展开更多
On the basis of previous researches on current eco-city indicator system in China, achievements of Caofeidian Eco-city and Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city in the establishment of indicator system were compared, and th...On the basis of previous researches on current eco-city indicator system in China, achievements of Caofeidian Eco-city and Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city in the establishment of indicator system were compared, and their differences in indicator construction framework, indicator component ratio and indicator valuation were summarized. It was found through studying the indicator systems that local indicators should stress characteristics of the city on the basis of national standards, and comply with urban construction conditions; and also that indicator system needed balance between macro and micro level, more reasonable value, and further improvement in the construction and management.展开更多
In the process of evaluating,the weights of indicators are firstly determined by AHP and Delphi methods;and the values of indicators are normalized by grey correlative coefficient method.A suit of means were put forwa...In the process of evaluating,the weights of indicators are firstly determined by AHP and Delphi methods;and the values of indicators are normalized by grey correlative coefficient method.A suit of means were put forward,by which a qualitative and quantitative evaluation indicator system suitable for the situation of China and uncertainties can be established.Both idiographic and operable methods and process were presented.Following the principle of elasticity,hiberarchy and maneuverability,a three-layer evaluation indicator system was established by AHP in Jiuyi ecological residential community,which includes 5 subsystems and 24 indicatiors.The weights of indicators are measured by AHP and expert estimate and their best indicators values up to par were determined by fuzzy mathematics and optimization.The whole evaluation indicator system not only has an active and practical effect on estimating ecological residential community,but also guides ecological residential community planning.展开更多
Low-carbon village is a new eco-development model in the context of low-carbon economy,the inevitable trend for achieving coordinated development between man and nature,and the inevitable choice for achieving sustaina...Low-carbon village is a new eco-development model in the context of low-carbon economy,the inevitable trend for achieving coordinated development between man and nature,and the inevitable choice for achieving sustainable development.This paper has built a low-carbon village evaluation system with 3 levels and 20 indicators.On this basis,taking Yuanjiang County as empirical research object,we use distance function model method to analyze and evaluate the low carbonization of village in Yuanjiang County,in order to provide a reference for the lowcarbon village evaluation.展开更多
We establish the comprehensive evaluation indicator system for sustainable development of micro-credit,constituted by the profitability ratio,financial constitution ratio,loan quality ratio and operating efficiency ra...We establish the comprehensive evaluation indicator system for sustainable development of micro-credit,constituted by the profitability ratio,financial constitution ratio,loan quality ratio and operating efficiency ratio.Taking the case of micro-credit of China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation,we measure the current situation of sustainable development of micro-credit.As far as we are concerned,the composite index of sustainable development of micro-credit shows the growth trend on the whole.Finally,in order to further improve the sustainable development of microcredit,provide farmers with better financial services and enable more farmers to benefit from micro-credit,we put forth the following recommendations:strengthening technological innovation to reduce costs and improve operating efficiency and profitability of the micro-credit;strengthening risk control to improve the quality of loans;providing all-around non-financial services to lay the foundation for the sustainable development of microcredit;setting an appropriate level of interest rates to improve the profitability of the institutions.展开更多
Based on our theoretical studies and practical experience related to the digital resource evaluation activities,which were undertaken jointly by CALIS and Peking University Library,this paper discusses the targeted ob...Based on our theoretical studies and practical experience related to the digital resource evaluation activities,which were undertaken jointly by CALIS and Peking University Library,this paper discusses the targeted object,content,the structure and the attributes of CALIS evaluation indicator system for digital resources.We also offer a detailed guideline for professional practice in terms of using this particular indicator system to evaluate the viability and the collection strength of a given digital library.展开更多
Objective:To construct a scientific and standardized evaluation indicator system for the distinction of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),aiming to provide a scientific basis for their cascade protect...Objective:To construct a scientific and standardized evaluation indicator system for the distinction of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),aiming to provide a scientific basis for their cascade protection.Methods:The Delphi method was applied to establish the evaluation indicator system for the distinction of ancient books of TCM,and the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weight of each indicator.Results:An evaluation indicator system for the distinction of ancient books of TCM was developed,including 4 first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicators.The experts’enthusiasm,authority,and coordination of opinions were all satisfactory.Conclusion:An evaluation indicator system for the distinction of ancient books of TCM was preliminarily constructed.The system is targeted,well-structured,and exhibits strong scientific and practical significance.展开更多
This editorial delves into the potential of systemic immune indicators(SIIs)as early predictors of renal damage in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus.By exploring the recent study published by Cao ...This editorial delves into the potential of systemic immune indicators(SIIs)as early predictors of renal damage in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus.By exploring the recent study published by Cao et al,this article aims to highlight the importance of early detection and intervention.This study compre-hensively analyzes various SIIs,examining their correlation with renal compli-cations in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children.The findings reveal a sig-nificant association between immune system dysregulation and the onset of renal damage,suggesting that certain immune indicators can be early markers for predicting renal complications.This editorial emphasizes the clinical implications and applications of utilizing SIIs for early detection in pediatric diabetes care.It underscores the importance of innovative diagnostic approaches and illustrates real-world applications and outcomes.Additionally,it addresses the challenges and considerations in adopting these indicators and outlines future research directions to enhance diabetes management in children.展开更多
The traditional Chinese medicine evaluation indicator system can effectively identify and recognize deficiencies in the implementation of standards and provide a rationale for improving the technical content,enhancing ...The traditional Chinese medicine evaluation indicator system can effectively identify and recognize deficiencies in the implementation of standards and provide a rationale for improving the technical content,enhancing the effectiveness of implementation and pro-moting the dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine culture and technology globally.Evidence-based principles can be an important method to guide the development of traditional Chinese medicine indicators and to promote the application of standards.This paper introduces the development status of NICE indicators and provides reference ideas for constructing evaluation indicators for traditional Chinese medicine standards application based on evidence-based principles.The specific steps for constructing an evaluation indicator system for traditional Chinese medicine standard application include identifying indicator domains,evidence synthesis,developing indicators,constructing an indicator system,cost-effectiveness and resource impact analyses,andfinalizing indicators for training and promotion.To promote the further development of traditional Chinese medicine,it is necessary to strengthen the integrated construction of“guidelines-standards-indicators,”accelerate the establishment of a coordination mechanism between domestic and international organizations,and pay attention to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and focus on implications for practice and policy.展开更多
文摘Objective To study a way to establish a drug inspection evaluation system in China.Methods Through literature research,behavioral event interviews,Delphi expert interviews,and other methods,the theory of“threedimensional quality structure model”was used to extract,screen,and construct a set of evaluation indicator system for drug inspection,including 3 first-level indicators,11 second-level indicators,and 47 third-level indicators.Results and Conclusion An effective management tool to evaluate the quality of drug inspection has not yet been formed in China.According to the requirements of laws,regulations,and departmental rules,combined with the mature drug inspection mechanism of international drug regulatory agencies or organizations and the international quality management theory,some management tools are put forward to improve the quality system of drug supervision.
文摘Based on the definition of desertification adopted by United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,particularly in Africa, first,the patterns of desertification in China are introduced.Second,desertification assessment indicator system that used in China is presented.It includes:(1)climate classification;(2)classification of land use;(3)classification of desertification patterns which include wind erosion,water erosion,salinization,and grassland degradation;(4)grading index of desertification that includes grading index of desertification caused by wind erosion,desertification caused by water erosion,desertification caused by salinization,indicators of grassland degradation classification.At last,some detailed factors that can be used as indicators in desertification assessment are discussed.
文摘To evaluate the impact of GMP on Chinese pharmaceutical industry in a quantitative system, we referred to theories on policy evaluation and industrial organization, and conducted literature review, key person interview, multi-round Delphi and field investigation. We set up the principles to construct our indicator system, reviewed based on the policy objectives of the new GMP for drugs systematically, and analysed the influence path of the new GMP for pharmaceutical manufacturers. We proposed a three-dimensional ＂structure-conduct-performance＂ evaluation indicator system. Our evaluation indicator system is accepted by experts and relevant personnel, indicating the three-dimensional evaluation indicator system is feasible to evaluate the impact of the new GMP in Chinese pharmaceutical industry.
基金supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1435218)National Natural Science Foundation of China(6140340171401168)
文摘The indicator system is the foundation and emphasis in the effectiveness evaluation of system of systems(SoS). In the past, indicator systems were founded based on qualitative methods, and every indicator was mainly determined by the expert with experience. This paper proposed a brand-new method to construct indicator systems based on the repeated simulation of the scenario space, and calculated by quantitative data. Firstly, the selection of key indicators using the Gini indicator importance measure(IIM)is calculated by random forests(RFs). Then, principal component analysis(PCA) is applied when we use the selected indicators to construct the composite indicator system of SoS. Furthermore,a set of rulesare is developed to verify the practicability of the indicator system such as correlation, robustness, accuracy and convergence. Experiment shows that the algorithm achieves good results for the construction of composite indicators of So S.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90924029)
文摘Because unexpected emergency owns the characteristics of explosive,uncertain evolution direction and group diffusion,more and more researchers concentrate on and try to control it. In addition,considering the force of network,the information of the unexpected emergency will be spread and enlarged rapidly on internet. It is a new viewpoint using the indicator system to estimate the heat degree of net-mediated public opinion on unexpected emergency,which can reveal the underlying reasons about the formation of the heat degree. Moreover,we use BP(Back Propagation) neural network method instead of traditional subjective weight assignment to calculate the weights of the indicators which can make evaluation results more accurate and objective.
文摘Indicator systems of environmental sustainable development in the Poyang Lake Basin are established from 51 elementary indexes by factor analysis, which is composed of four steps such as the factor model, the parameter estimation, the factor rotation and the factor score. Under the condition that the cumulative proportion is greater than 85%, 5 explicit factors of environmental sustainable development as well as its factor score by region are carried out. The result indicates some impact factors to the basin environmental in descending sort order are volume of water, volume of waste gas discharge,volume of solid wasters.the degree to comprehensive utilization of waste gas, waste water and solid wastes, the emission volume of waste gas, waste water and solid wastes. It is helpful and important to provide decision support for constituting sustainable development strategies and evaluate the sustainable development status of each city.
文摘To give play to the role of agricultural catastrophe risk fund in spreading agricultural catastrophe risk,we select natural conditions,economic conditions,social conditions,as the external vulnerability assessment indicators;select commodity rate of agricultural products,substitutability of agricultural products,the extent of agricultural products being related to the national economy and the people's livelihood,as the internal vulnerability assessment indicators.We assign weight to indicators using Analytic Hierarchy Process,and establish assessment indicator system of agricultural catastrophe vulnerability,to analyze the compensation for losses of different agricultural products arising from agricultural catastrophe in different regions.And we take the case of rice in Sichuan Province,to demonstrate the role this indicator system.
文摘The intellectual property protection, whether judicial or administrative, is evaluated through a performance evaluation indicator system. To building up such a system, we must follow certain working procedures which usually consist of four steps： to determine the performance objectives, to design the structure of indicator system, to specify the indicators and to set up the weight of indicators. Each step plays a different role in performance evaluation indicator system and has its own impact on the realization of performance evaluation objectives respectively. So the scientifically building up a performance evaluation indicator system is the key to determine whether the intellectual property is protected well or not.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, China (No. 10501-88) the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2001AA245041).
文摘The Wangdonggou Watershed on the Loess Plateau in China was selected as the study area to develop a model for soil erosion assessments. Using the data collected at 20 sampling sites all tentatively selected indicators were assessed against their corresponding erosion intensity through a correlation analysis. Eight highly correlated indicators were then chosen for the soil erosion assessment. In addition, threshold limits to delineate the class size for these indicators and weights to rank them were determined. Next, a grading model incorporating the selected indicators class rating and their associated weights was developed and verified by an on site evaluation of the soil erosion intensity in the study area. Results of the verification showed that the overall accuracy of the indicator system for assessing soil erosion in the Loess Plateau gully regions could reach 85%.
文摘Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes.Despite the popularity of the term"eco-efficiency"in business,limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers.Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency,an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study.The indicator system comprises 22 indicators,which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development,resources consumption, environmental pressure.As a promising statistical technique, principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao's Chengyang District.The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003.Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends.The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979,which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources.The environmental pressure index increased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997,due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years.Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production,so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability.The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.
基金Supported by Jiangxi Art Social Sciences Plan Project in 2012( YG2012121)
文摘Garden plant landscape is one of the main contents of low-carbon landscape design in residential areas. From the basic theory of garden plant landscaping, we put forth five principles and ideas concerning the building of evaluation indicator system of garden plant landscape, to establish the indicator system with ecological quality, recreational function and aesthetic effect as three layers. According to the characteristics of evaluation system, we use qualitative and quantitative integration method, coupled with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and expert consulting method, to determine the weight of various factors. And we use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to test this indicator system, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the research on evaluation indicator system of low-carbon landscape.
文摘On the basis of previous researches on current eco-city indicator system in China, achievements of Caofeidian Eco-city and Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city in the establishment of indicator system were compared, and their differences in indicator construction framework, indicator component ratio and indicator valuation were summarized. It was found through studying the indicator systems that local indicators should stress characteristics of the city on the basis of national standards, and comply with urban construction conditions; and also that indicator system needed balance between macro and micro level, more reasonable value, and further improvement in the construction and management.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Program(05SK3082,2007SK4012)Natural Science Foundation-funded Project(06JJ5147)
文摘In the process of evaluating,the weights of indicators are firstly determined by AHP and Delphi methods;and the values of indicators are normalized by grey correlative coefficient method.A suit of means were put forward,by which a qualitative and quantitative evaluation indicator system suitable for the situation of China and uncertainties can be established.Both idiographic and operable methods and process were presented.Following the principle of elasticity,hiberarchy and maneuverability,a three-layer evaluation indicator system was established by AHP in Jiuyi ecological residential community,which includes 5 subsystems and 24 indicatiors.The weights of indicators are measured by AHP and expert estimate and their best indicators values up to par were determined by fuzzy mathematics and optimization.The whole evaluation indicator system not only has an active and practical effect on estimating ecological residential community,but also guides ecological residential community planning.
基金Humanities and Social Science Fund Project,the Ministry of Education(10XJA88003)Fund Project of Ethnic Affairs Commission of Yunnan Province(2012-B)
文摘Low-carbon village is a new eco-development model in the context of low-carbon economy,the inevitable trend for achieving coordinated development between man and nature,and the inevitable choice for achieving sustainable development.This paper has built a low-carbon village evaluation system with 3 levels and 20 indicators.On this basis,taking Yuanjiang County as empirical research object,we use distance function model method to analyze and evaluate the low carbonization of village in Yuanjiang County,in order to provide a reference for the lowcarbon village evaluation.
基金Supported by Graduate Research Innovation Fund of Hunan Province(CX2010B311)
文摘We establish the comprehensive evaluation indicator system for sustainable development of micro-credit,constituted by the profitability ratio,financial constitution ratio,loan quality ratio and operating efficiency ratio.Taking the case of micro-credit of China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation,we measure the current situation of sustainable development of micro-credit.As far as we are concerned,the composite index of sustainable development of micro-credit shows the growth trend on the whole.Finally,in order to further improve the sustainable development of microcredit,provide farmers with better financial services and enable more farmers to benefit from micro-credit,we put forth the following recommendations:strengthening technological innovation to reduce costs and improve operating efficiency and profitability of the micro-credit;strengthening risk control to improve the quality of loans;providing all-around non-financial services to lay the foundation for the sustainable development of microcredit;setting an appropriate level of interest rates to improve the profitability of the institutions.
文摘Based on our theoretical studies and practical experience related to the digital resource evaluation activities,which were undertaken jointly by CALIS and Peking University Library,this paper discusses the targeted object,content,the structure and the attributes of CALIS evaluation indicator system for digital resources.We also offer a detailed guideline for professional practice in terms of using this particular indicator system to evaluate the viability and the collection strength of a given digital library.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3502900)Basic Research Funds of Research Institutes(JY202401-2005CB523504)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82305440).
文摘Objective:To construct a scientific and standardized evaluation indicator system for the distinction of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),aiming to provide a scientific basis for their cascade protection.Methods:The Delphi method was applied to establish the evaluation indicator system for the distinction of ancient books of TCM,and the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weight of each indicator.Results:An evaluation indicator system for the distinction of ancient books of TCM was developed,including 4 first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicators.The experts’enthusiasm,authority,and coordination of opinions were all satisfactory.Conclusion:An evaluation indicator system for the distinction of ancient books of TCM was preliminarily constructed.The system is targeted,well-structured,and exhibits strong scientific and practical significance.
文摘This editorial delves into the potential of systemic immune indicators(SIIs)as early predictors of renal damage in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus.By exploring the recent study published by Cao et al,this article aims to highlight the importance of early detection and intervention.This study compre-hensively analyzes various SIIs,examining their correlation with renal compli-cations in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children.The findings reveal a sig-nificant association between immune system dysregulation and the onset of renal damage,suggesting that certain immune indicators can be early markers for predicting renal complications.This editorial emphasizes the clinical implications and applications of utilizing SIIs for early detection in pediatric diabetes care.It underscores the importance of innovative diagnostic approaches and illustrates real-world applications and outcomes.Additionally,it addresses the challenges and considerations in adopting these indicators and outlines future research directions to enhance diabetes management in children.
文摘The traditional Chinese medicine evaluation indicator system can effectively identify and recognize deficiencies in the implementation of standards and provide a rationale for improving the technical content,enhancing the effectiveness of implementation and pro-moting the dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine culture and technology globally.Evidence-based principles can be an important method to guide the development of traditional Chinese medicine indicators and to promote the application of standards.This paper introduces the development status of NICE indicators and provides reference ideas for constructing evaluation indicators for traditional Chinese medicine standards application based on evidence-based principles.The specific steps for constructing an evaluation indicator system for traditional Chinese medicine standard application include identifying indicator domains,evidence synthesis,developing indicators,constructing an indicator system,cost-effectiveness and resource impact analyses,andfinalizing indicators for training and promotion.To promote the further development of traditional Chinese medicine,it is necessary to strengthen the integrated construction of“guidelines-standards-indicators,”accelerate the establishment of a coordination mechanism between domestic and international organizations,and pay attention to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and focus on implications for practice and policy.
