AIM： To investigate whether suspected blood indicator （SBI） in capsule endoscopy （CE） is affected by back- ground color and capsule passage velocity. METHODS： Experimental models of the small intestine construct...AIM： To investigate whether suspected blood indicator （SBI） in capsule endoscopy （CE） is affected by back- ground color and capsule passage velocity. METHODS： Experimental models of the small intestine constructed from paper in a variety of colors were used to simulate the background colors observed in CE im- ages. The background colors studied included very pale yellow, yellow, very pale magenta, light grayish pink, burnt sienna, and deep and dark brown, and red spots were attached inside them. An endoscopic capsule was manually passed through the models. The rate of detection of the red spots by the SBI was evaluated based on the colors of the models and the capsule pas- sage velocities （0.5 cm/s, 1 cm/s, and 2 cm/s）.RESULTS： The rate of detection of the red spots byground color of the model （P 〈 0.001）. Detection rates were highest for backgrounds of very pale magenta, burnt sienna, and yellow, in that order. They were lowest for backgrounds of dark brown and very pale yellow. The rate of detection of red spots by the SBI tended to decrease at rapid capsule passage velocities （1-2 cm/s） compared to slow velocities （0.5 cm/s） for backgrounds of very pale yellow （P = 0.042）, yellow （P = 0.001）, very pale magenta （P = 0.002）, and burnt sien- na （P = 0.001）. No significant differences in the rate of detection were observed according to velocity for light grayish pink （P = 0.643） or dark brown （P = 0.396）. CONCLUSION： SBI sensitivity was affected by back- ground color and capsule passage velocity in the models. These findings may facilitate the rapid detection of bleeding lesions by CE.展开更多
The analyses of δ13C and δ18O of gas hydrate-associated sediments from two cores on Hydrate Ridge in Cascadia convergent margin offshore Oregon, eastern North Pacific show the values of δ13C from-29.81‰ to -48.28...The analyses of δ13C and δ18O of gas hydrate-associated sediments from two cores on Hydrate Ridge in Cascadia convergent margin offshore Oregon, eastern North Pacific show the values of δ13C from-29.81‰ to -48.28‰(PDB) and δ18O from 2.56‰to 4.28‰ (PDB), which could be plotted into a group called typical carbonate minerals influenced by the methane in cold venting. Moreover, the values of δ13C and δ18O show a consistent trend in both cores from top to bottom with increasing of δ13C and decreasing of δ18O. This trend could be explained as an effect caused by the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in depth and the oxygen fraction during the formation of gas hydrate in depth together. These characteristics of δ13C and δ18O indicate that the gas hydrate-associated sediments are significantly different from the normal marine carbonates, and they are deeply influenced by the formation and evolution of gas hydrate. So, the distinct characteristics of δ13C and δ18O of gas hydrate-associated展开更多
Recently, renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic （PV） are receiving a wide acceptance because they are inexhaustible and nonpollut- ing. Renewable energy sources are intermittent ones because o...Recently, renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic （PV） are receiving a wide acceptance because they are inexhaustible and nonpollut- ing. Renewable energy sources are intermittent ones because of climate changes in wind speed and solar irradiance. Due to the continuous demand growth and the necessity for efficient and reliable electricity supply, there is a real need to increase the penetration of gas technologies in power grids. The Canadian government and stakeholders are looking for ways to increase the reliability and sustainability of power grid, and gas-power technologies may provide a solution. This paper explores the integration of gas and renewable generation technol- ogies to provide a qualified, reliable, and environmentally friendly power system while satisfying regional electricity demands and reducing generation cost. Scenarios are evaluated using four key performance indicators （KPIs）, economic, power quality, reliability, and environmental friendliness. Various scenarios outcomes are compared based on the defined performance indices. The proposed scenario analysis tool has three components, the geo- graphic information system （GIS） for recording transmis- sion and distribution lines and generation sites, the energy semantic network （ESN） knowledgebase to store informa- tion, and an algorithm created in Matlab/Simulink for evaluating scenarios. To interact with the scenario analysis tool, a graphical user interface （GUI） is used where users can define the desired geographic area, desired generation percentage via gas technology, and system parameters. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the regional zone of the province of Ontario and Toronto are used as case studies.展开更多
文摘AIM： To investigate whether suspected blood indicator （SBI） in capsule endoscopy （CE） is affected by back- ground color and capsule passage velocity. METHODS： Experimental models of the small intestine constructed from paper in a variety of colors were used to simulate the background colors observed in CE im- ages. The background colors studied included very pale yellow, yellow, very pale magenta, light grayish pink, burnt sienna, and deep and dark brown, and red spots were attached inside them. An endoscopic capsule was manually passed through the models. The rate of detection of the red spots by the SBI was evaluated based on the colors of the models and the capsule pas- sage velocities （0.5 cm/s, 1 cm/s, and 2 cm/s）.RESULTS： The rate of detection of the red spots byground color of the model （P 〈 0.001）. Detection rates were highest for backgrounds of very pale magenta, burnt sienna, and yellow, in that order. They were lowest for backgrounds of dark brown and very pale yellow. The rate of detection of red spots by the SBI tended to decrease at rapid capsule passage velocities （1-2 cm/s） compared to slow velocities （0.5 cm/s） for backgrounds of very pale yellow （P = 0.042）, yellow （P = 0.001）, very pale magenta （P = 0.002）, and burnt sien- na （P = 0.001）. No significant differences in the rate of detection were observed according to velocity for light grayish pink （P = 0.643） or dark brown （P = 0.396）. CONCLUSION： SBI sensitivity was affected by back- ground color and capsule passage velocity in the models. These findings may facilitate the rapid detection of bleeding lesions by CE.
基金This work was strongly advised by Prof. Dr. Erwin Suess at GEOMAR, Research Center of Marine Geology in University of Kiel, GermanyGreat supports were also from Dr. Gerhard Bohrmann, Dr. Jens Greinert, Dr. Carmen Jung, Dr. Barbara Teichert, Dr. Dick Ri
文摘The analyses of δ13C and δ18O of gas hydrate-associated sediments from two cores on Hydrate Ridge in Cascadia convergent margin offshore Oregon, eastern North Pacific show the values of δ13C from-29.81‰ to -48.28‰(PDB) and δ18O from 2.56‰to 4.28‰ (PDB), which could be plotted into a group called typical carbonate minerals influenced by the methane in cold venting. Moreover, the values of δ13C and δ18O show a consistent trend in both cores from top to bottom with increasing of δ13C and decreasing of δ18O. This trend could be explained as an effect caused by the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in depth and the oxygen fraction during the formation of gas hydrate in depth together. These characteristics of δ13C and δ18O indicate that the gas hydrate-associated sediments are significantly different from the normal marine carbonates, and they are deeply influenced by the formation and evolution of gas hydrate. So, the distinct characteristics of δ13C and δ18O of gas hydrate-associated
文摘Recently, renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic （PV） are receiving a wide acceptance because they are inexhaustible and nonpollut- ing. Renewable energy sources are intermittent ones because of climate changes in wind speed and solar irradiance. Due to the continuous demand growth and the necessity for efficient and reliable electricity supply, there is a real need to increase the penetration of gas technologies in power grids. The Canadian government and stakeholders are looking for ways to increase the reliability and sustainability of power grid, and gas-power technologies may provide a solution. This paper explores the integration of gas and renewable generation technol- ogies to provide a qualified, reliable, and environmentally friendly power system while satisfying regional electricity demands and reducing generation cost. Scenarios are evaluated using four key performance indicators （KPIs）, economic, power quality, reliability, and environmental friendliness. Various scenarios outcomes are compared based on the defined performance indices. The proposed scenario analysis tool has three components, the geo- graphic information system （GIS） for recording transmis- sion and distribution lines and generation sites, the energy semantic network （ESN） knowledgebase to store informa- tion, and an algorithm created in Matlab/Simulink for evaluating scenarios. To interact with the scenario analysis tool, a graphical user interface （GUI） is used where users can define the desired geographic area, desired generation percentage via gas technology, and system parameters. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the regional zone of the province of Ontario and Toronto are used as case studies.
