In linguistics as well as semiotics,words have long been deemed as symbols instead of icons or indexes.Although in some particular cases words can be iconic,such as the Chinese characters日,月,火,etc.,or indexical,suc...In linguistics as well as semiotics,words have long been deemed as symbols instead of icons or indexes.Although in some particular cases words can be iconic,such as the Chinese characters日,月,火,etc.,or indexical,such as pronouns(e.g.,he,she,it)and demonstratives(e.g.,this,that,these,those),most words are believed to be symbols,whose signifier and signified sustain an arbitrary relation in nature.Icon and symbol are distinct concepts and have been clearly defined to a large extent,but index seems to be rather vague in signification.Based on relevant research and Peirce’s trichotomy of signs,we propose a pan-indexicality model used for interpreting linguistic signs.In this model,a linguistic sign is taken as an index that guides the addressee to search for objects or senses at three levels,i.e.,the formal sense level,the conventional sense level,and the overall sense level.Interference of the Interpretant in meaning understanding varies at two general levels.At the formal and conventional levels,it is the Interpretanti(knowledge shared by both the addresser and the addressee)that determines meaning understanding,but at the overall sense level,the personalized Interpretantii(knowledge owned solely by the addressee)plays a key role.Throughout the whole pan-indexicality process,formal sense and the Interpretantii are two key factors that are related to the particular and distinct features of English and Chinese.展开更多
The Gabes aquifer system,located in southeastern Tunisia,is a crucial resource for supporting local socio-economic activities.Due to its dual porosity structure,is particularly vulnerable to pollution.This study aims ...The Gabes aquifer system,located in southeastern Tunisia,is a crucial resource for supporting local socio-economic activities.Due to its dual porosity structure,is particularly vulnerable to pollution.This study aims to develop a hybrid model that combines the Fracture Aquifer Index(FAI)with the conventional GOD(Groundwater occurrence,Overall lithology,Depth to water table)method,to assess groundwater vulnerability in fractured aquifer.To develop the hybrid model,the classical GOD method was integrated with FAI to produce a single composite index.Each parameter within both GOD and FAI was scored,and a final index was calculated to delineate vulnerable areas.The results show that the study area can be classified into four vulnerability levels:Very low,low,moderate,and high,indicating that approximately 8%of the area exhibits very low vulnerability,29%has low vulnerability,25%falls into the moderate category,and 38%is considered highly vulnerable.The FAI-GOD model further incorporates fracture network characteristics.This refinement reduces the classification to three vulnerability classes:Low,medium,and high.The outcomes demonstrate that 46%of the area is highly vulnerable due to a dense concentration of fractures,while 17%represents an intermediate zone characterized by either shallow or deeper fractures.In contrast,37%corresponds to areas with lightly fractured rock,where the impact on vulnerability is minimal.Multivariate statistical analysis was employed using Principal Components Analysis(PCA)and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)on 24 samples across six variables.The first three components account for over 76%of the total variance,reinforcing the significance of fracture dynamics in classifying vulnerability levels.The FAI-GOD model removes the very-low-vulnerability class and expands the spatial extent of low-and high-vulnerability zones,reflecting the dominant influence of fracture networks on aquifer sensitivity.While both indices use a five-class system,FAI-GOD redistributes vulnerability by eliminating very-low-vulnerability areas and amplifying low/high categories,highlighting the critical role of fractures.A strong correlation(R2=0.94)between the GOD and FAI-GOD indices,demonstrated through second-order polynomial regression,confirms the robustness of the FAI-GOD model in accurately predicting vulnerability to pollution.This model provides a useful framework for assessing the vulnerability of complex aquifers and serves as a decision-making tool for groundwater managers in similar areas.展开更多
This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma pa...This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined camrelizumab and lenvatinib therapy.While we acknowledge the study’s clinical relevance in proposing an easily accessible metabolic biomarker,we delve into the mechanistic plausibility linking insulin resistance to immunotherapy response and angiogenic inhibition.We further critically examine the methodological limitations,including the retrospective design,the populationspecific TyG cut-off value,and unaddressed metabolic confounders.We highlight the imperative for future research to validate its utility across diverse etiologies and treatment settings,and to unravel the underlying immunometabolic pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic...BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic characteristics including abnormal drug distribution and clearance.Rocuronium exhibits markedly different distribution patterns in obese patients,with conventional weight correction methods inadequately addressing individual muscle mass variations that critically influence drug distribution.AIM To investigate the quantitative relationship between skeletal muscle index(SMI)and rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients,establish a population pharmacokinetic model,and develop individualized dosing strategies based on muscle mass.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted,including 100 obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))who underwent elective radical colorectal cancer surgery at our hospital from June 2023 to January 2025.Skeletal muscle mass was measured using InBody 260 body composition analyzer and SMI was calculated to assess muscle mass,with male SMI<7.0 kg/m^(2) and female SMI<5.7 kg/m^(2)as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.Plasma rocuronium concentrations were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,and nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to establish population pharmacokinetic modeling.Stepwise regression was used to screen covariates,and dosing regimens were optimized through Monte Carlo simulation.The primary endpoint was targeted plasma concentration achievement rate,and the secondary endpoint was postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence.RESULTS Among 100 patients,35(35.0%)had sarcopenia and 65(65.0%)did not.Patients in the sarcopenia group were older(64.1±9.8 years vs 54.2±10.9 years,P<0.001)and had significantly lower SMI(6.2±0.8 kg/m^(2)vs 8.4±1.2 kg/m^(2),P<0.001).SMI showed strong positive correlation with rocuronium steady-state distribution volume(r=0.718,P<0.001)and moderate negative correlation with clearance(r=-0.502,P<0.001).A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was successfully established,with SMI being the most important covariate affecting central compartment distribution volume(△OFV=-41.2,P<0.001).Model validation showed bootstrap successful convergence rate of 92.3%,and 92.1%of observed values fell within prediction intervals in predicted concentration versus predicted concentration.The SMI-based individualized dosing regimen improved target exposure achievement rate from 82.0%in traditional regimen to 93.5%(P=0.009),and reduced postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence from 13.0%to 3.5%(P=0.018).The sarcopenia group showed the most significant improvement in achievement rate,from 71.4%to 93.8%(P=0.017).CONCLUSION SMI shows strong correlation with rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients and is a key factor affecting drug distribution.SMI-based individualized dosing strategies can significantly improve target exposure achievement rate and reduce postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence,providing scientific evidence for precision anesthesia management in obese patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an e...BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.展开更多
Gastric ulcer(GU)represents a clinically significant manifestation of peptic ulcer disease,driven by a complex interplay of microbial,environmental,and immuneinflammatory factors.A recent cross-sectional study by Shen...Gastric ulcer(GU)represents a clinically significant manifestation of peptic ulcer disease,driven by a complex interplay of microbial,environmental,and immuneinflammatory factors.A recent cross-sectional study by Shen et al systematically evaluated six complete blood count-derived inflammatory indices:Neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio,monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,systemic immune-inflammation index,systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI),and aggregate index of systemic inflammation and demonstrated their positive associations with GU prevalence,identifying SIRI as the strongest predictor.This editorial contextualizes these findings within the broader literature,clarifies that these indices reflect systemic rather than GU-specific inflammation,highlights methodological strengths and major limitations,and proposes a conceptual clinical algorithm for integrating SIRI into GU risk assessment.Future multicenter studies incorporating Helicobacter pylori infection,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug exposure,and prospective design are essential to validate and translate these findings into clinical practice.展开更多
Access to clean drinking water is essential for human health,economic development,and environmental sustain-ability.To effectively preserve water quality and ensure a safe and stable water supply,it is essential to de...Access to clean drinking water is essential for human health,economic development,and environmental sustain-ability.To effectively preserve water quality and ensure a safe and stable water supply,it is essential to determine the priority control factors of potentially hazardous elements in water.This study focused on public drinking wa-ter fountains in Zaječar City(Serbia),examining water hydrochemistry,quality,potential sources of hazardous elements,and the health risks associated with consumption or dermal exposure.Among all potentially hazardous elements,iron showed a deviation from the limit in drinking water prescribed by the World Health Organization,reaching 631μg/L.However,all samples were categorized as excellent quality for drinking.Water composition was governed by water-rock interactions,distinguishing Na-HCO_(3)as the dominant water type.A total of 3.3%and 6.6%of samples exceeded the threshold of 1 for non-carcinogenic health risk for adults and children,re-spectively,with the mean HIa value of 0.35 and the mean HIc value of 0.57.However,the carcinogenic risk was within the allowable limits for children,whereas it surpassed the threshold of 1.0×10^(–4)for adults in 10%of the samples.The positive matrix factorization model identified four sources responsible for water quality,i.e.,natural source,industrial source,sewage source,and agricultural source,with contributions of 37.1%,35.0%,17.8%,and 10.1%,respectively.The Monte Carlo simulation of source-specific health risks revealed that the industrial source was the main contributor to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks,attributed to its high arsenic load.展开更多
Ecosystems along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(EQTP)are highly fragile and extremely sensitive to climate change and human disturbances.To quantitatively assess climate-induced ecosystem responses,th...Ecosystems along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(EQTP)are highly fragile and extremely sensitive to climate change and human disturbances.To quantitatively assess climate-induced ecosystem responses,this study proposes a Climate-Induced Productivity Index(CIPI)based on the Super Slack-Based Measure(Super-SBM)model using remote sensing data from 2001 to 2020.The results reveal persistently low CIPI values(0.47-0.53)across major ecosystem types,indicating widespread vulnerability to climatic variability.Among these ecosystems,forests exhibit the highest CIPI(0.55),followed by shrublands(0.54),croplands(0.53),grasslands(0.51),and barelands(0.43).The Theil index analysis further demonstrates significant intra-group disparities,suggesting that extreme climatic events amplify CIPI heterogeneity.Moreover,the dominant environmental drivers differ among ecosystem types:the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI)primarily constrains grassland productivity,solar radiation(SRAD)strongly influences shrub and cropland systems,whereas subsurface factors exert greater control in forested regions.This study provides a quantitative framework for evaluating climate-ecosystem interactions and offers a scientific basis for long-term ecological monitoring and security planning across the EQTP.展开更多
BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology.Inflammatory chemical mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid,an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),have been shown to...BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology.Inflammatory chemical mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid,an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),have been shown to activate CD.Additionally,n-3 PUFAs are metabolized by the same enzyme as n-6 PUFAs and known to inhibit the arachidonic acid cascade.Our previous study noted that the presence of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids is a characteristic finding in Japanese CD patients.It was thus speculated that FADS2 gene polymorphisms,which induce PUFA metabolizing enzymes,are involved in the pathogenesis of CD,though no such relationship was found.AIM To investigate the relationship of FADS2 polymorphisms with serum and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition ratios,and disease activity.METHODS Using previously reported findings regarding FADS2 genetic polymorphisms,the records of 52 CD patients undergoing treatment at Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital were analyzed.Mutations noted were divided into three groups;wild-type(GG),heterozygous mutants(GA),and homozygous(AA),with the activities of delta-6 and delta-5 desaturases compared using redefined d6d index(rd.d6di)and d5d index(d5di).Additionally,comparisons of serum and erythrocyte membranes for fatty acid composition,and also gene polymorphisms and CD activity index(CDAI)were performed.RESULTS The presence of the rs174538 mutation in FADS2 resulted in reduction of only rd.d6di in the erythrocyte membrane(P<0.01).In contrast,that mutation was found to be associated with d5di induced by FADS1 in serum(P=0.019)as well as the erythrocyte membrane(P<0.0001),and also with reduction in the fatty acid composition of arachidonic acid in both serum(P<0.0001)and the erythrocyte membrane(P<0.01).Regarding disease activity,a positive correlation of CDAI score with rd.d6di in both serum(P<0.05)and the erythrocyte membrane(P<0.05)was found only in the rs174538 wild-type group.In contrast,there was no correction between CDAI and d5di in either serum or erythrocyte membrane samples.CONCLUSION The rs174538 mutation alters the fatty acid profile through strong linkage to the FADS1 gene.In wild-type individuals,rd.d6di was positively correlated with CDAI,suggesting predictive utility of disease severity.展开更多
To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical nee...To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical need for accurate risk stratification and timely specialist intervention.A panel of 11 Japanese hepatology experts conducted a modified Delphi process to evaluate consensus recommendations regarding the use of noninvasive tests(NITs),including the fibrosis-4 index,enhanced liver fibrosis test,Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer,type IV collagen 7S,cytokeratin-18 fragments,and imaging modalities such as ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance elastography,for MASLD assessment and clinical referral.Practical algorithms were developed based on current Japanese data and panel consensus.The expert panel validated the utility of NITs as reliable tools for identifying patients with MASLD at risk for advanced fibrosis.Sequential use of NITs improved diagnostic accuracy and referral appropriateness while minimizing unnecessary specialist consultations.The proposed algorithms offer stepwise guidance for primary care physicians,supporting efficient,evidence-based decisionmaking.However,prospective longitudinal studies remain necessary for full prognostic validation of NITs in MASLD management.Noninvasive testing algorithms enable effective risk stratification and referral for MASLD in real-world Japanese practice with anticipated benefit for patient outcomes and healthcare systems.Broader adoption and further validation are warranted.展开更多
In conventional higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),the emergence of topological states can be explained by using the nonzero bulk polarization index.However,corner states emerge in HOTIs with incomplete bounda...In conventional higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),the emergence of topological states can be explained by using the nonzero bulk polarization index.However,corner states emerge in HOTIs with incomplete boundary unit cells(i.e.,boundary defects)even though the bulk polarization is zero,which challenges the conventional understanding of HOTIs.Here,based on a Kekul´e-distorted honeycomb lattice with incomplete unit cells,we reveal that incomplete unit cells exhibit fractional charges through the analysis of Wannier centers by developing a compensation method and creating the concept of Wannier center domain(WCD)which is the smallest region that one Wannier center occupies.This method compensates for the missing parts of these boundary incomplete unit cells with additional WCDs to make them complete.The compensated WCDs automatically carry the corresponding charge,and this charge together with that of the incomplete unit cell constitutes the total charge of the complete unit cell after compensation.We conclude that the emergence of corner states is attributed to the filling anomaly,which is a fundamental mechanism.Our results refresh the understanding of HOTIs,especially those with structural discontinuities,and provide a novel design for topological states which have application value in producing optical functional devices.展开更多
本文基于Web of Science、Medline、Nature Index、高被引科学家名单及世卫组织、FDA、NMPA、IQVIA等最新数据,系统分析全球医学科技战略演变、基础研究格局与医药研发态势,并比较中美创新能力。研究发现:全球医学科技已升级为关乎国家...本文基于Web of Science、Medline、Nature Index、高被引科学家名单及世卫组织、FDA、NMPA、IQVIA等最新数据,系统分析全球医学科技战略演变、基础研究格局与医药研发态势,并比较中美创新能力。研究发现:全球医学科技已升级为关乎国家安全、生物经济与供应链韧性的战略体系,病原体监测、疫苗平台、生物制造成为关键方向。基础研究进入高位稳定期,美国在规模、机构与人才上仍占主导;中国在生物科学高质量科研份额上已反超美国,但在健康科学和临床研究仍偏弱。在医药研发层面,资本与并购加速向ADC、细胞与基因治疗、GLP-1和AI药物研发集中,新兴生物制药公司成为首创新药重要来源。中美均保持全球新药批准高位,但美国在首创机制与罕见病体系上优势明显。总体看,中国正迈向全球医学创新关键力量,但仍需补强健康科学、临床转化与平台体系建设。展开更多
The English“T” is widely held as a well-behaved Kaplanian indexical that has a directly-referential content and a character which imples immunity to self misidentification.In this paper I present uses of“T”outside...The English“T” is widely held as a well-behaved Kaplanian indexical that has a directly-referential content and a character which imples immunity to self misidentification.In this paper I present uses of“T”outside attitudal contexts that are not directly referential yet exhibit immunity to self misidentification.They include uses of“I”for simulation and for counterfactual self portrait.I argue that they(i)challenge the non-shiftability and the rigidity arguments for the direct reference view,and(1)require a revision of the character of“T”to reflect the sensitivity of its content to the perspective from which the speaker identifies herself.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notabl...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notably China,reports disproportionately high GC incidences.The disease often progresses asymptoma-tically in the early stages,leading to delayed diagnosis and compromised out-comes.Thus,it is crucial to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and enhance treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.METHODS Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 148 patients with GC treated at the Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital between December 2022 and December 2023.The associations of coagulation indices-partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen,fibrinogen degradation products(FDP),fasting blood glucose,and D-dimer(D-D)with TNM stage and distant metastasis were examined.RESULTS Prolongation of APTT,PT,and TT was significantly correlated with the GC TNM stage.Hence,abnormal coagulation system activation was closely related to disease progression.Elevated FDP and D-D were significantly associated with distant metastasis in GC(P<0.05),suggesting that increased fibrinolytic activity contributes to increased metastatic risk.CONCLUSION Our Results reveal coagulation indices,FDPs as GC biomarkers,reflecting abnormal coagulation/fibrinolysis,aiding disease progression,metastasis prediction,and helping clinicians assess thrombotic risk for early intervention and personalized treatment plans.展开更多
This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signa...This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning accuracy.Managed by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude regions.Ina-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast Asia.We provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this network.We generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific research.Two preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are noteworthy.First,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther eastward.Second,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East Asia.We have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,2024.We observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities post-midnight.By sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionospheric research.展开更多
In the context of the digital transformation of vocational education,a quality evaluation index system has been constructed.Based on a questionnaire survey conducted among higher vocational colleges and enterprises in...In the context of the digital transformation of vocational education,a quality evaluation index system has been constructed.Based on a questionnaire survey conducted among higher vocational colleges and enterprises in Hainan Province,it has been found that the quality of vocational education generally depends on the talent training program and professional construction at the macro level.At the meso level,the teacher level and teaching environment are critical,while at the micro level,the evaluation of talent training quality cannot be underestimated.Strategies for quality improvement in vocational education are proposed from the perspectives of talent training programs,major construction,teacher development,teaching environment,and talent training quality,all under the lens of digital transformation.展开更多
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of gastric carcinoma(GC)is essential for improving clinical outcomes.However,the biomarkers currently used for GC screening are not ideal.AIM To explore the diagnostic implications of the neut...BACKGROUND The diagnosis of gastric carcinoma(GC)is essential for improving clinical outcomes.However,the biomarkers currently used for GC screening are not ideal.AIM To explore the diagnostic implications of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and systemic immune-inflammatory index(SII)for GC.METHODS The baseline data of 133 patients with GC and 134 patients with precancerous gastric conditions admitted between January 2022 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The information on peripheral blood platelet,neutrophil,and lymphocyte counts in each patient was collected,and the NLR,PLR,and SII levels of both groups were calculated.Additionally,multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted,and the diagnostic implications of NLR,PLR,and SII in differentiating patients with precancerous gastric conditions,compared with those with GC,were analyzed through receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS The data indicated that NLR,PLR,and SII had abnormally increased levels in the patients with GC.Gender and body mass index were risk factors for the occurrence of GC.ROC data revealed that the areas under the curve of three patients with precancerous gastric conditions,who were differentiated from those with GC,were 0.824,0.787,and 0.842,respectively.CONCLUSION NLR,PLR,and SII are all abnormally expressed in GC and have diagnostic implications,especially when used as joint indicators,in distinguishing patients with precancerous gastric conditions from those with GC.展开更多
Objective To assess health equity in the Yangtze River region to improve understanding of the correlation between hand, foot, and mouth disease(HFMD) and socioeconomic factors.Methods From 2014–2016, data on HFMD inc...Objective To assess health equity in the Yangtze River region to improve understanding of the correlation between hand, foot, and mouth disease(HFMD) and socioeconomic factors.Methods From 2014–2016, data on HFMD incidence, population statistics, economic indicators, and meteorology from 26 cities along the Yangtze River were analyzed. A multi-city random-effects metaanalysis was performed to study the relationship between temperature and HFMD transmission, and health equity was assessed with respect to socio-economic impact.Results Over the study period, 919,458 HFMD cases were reported, with Shanghai(162,303) having the highest incidence and Tongling(5,513) having the lowest. Males were more commonly affected(male-to-female ratio, 1.49:1). The exposure-response relationship had an M-shaped curve, with two HFMD peaks occurring at 4 ℃ and 26 ℃. The relative risk had two peaks at 1.30 ℃(1.834, 95% CI:1.204–2.794) and 31.4 ℃(1.143, 95% CI: 0.901–1.451), forming an M shape, with the first peak higher than the second. The most significant impact of temperature on HFMD was observed between –2 ℃ and18.1 ℃. The concentration index(0.2463) indicated moderate concentration differences, whereas the Theil index(0.0418) showed low inequality in distribution.Conclusion The incidence of HFMD varied across cities, particularly with changes in temperature.Economically prosperous areas showed higher risks, indicating disparities. Targeted interventions in these areas are crucial for mitigating the risk of HFMD.展开更多
文摘In linguistics as well as semiotics,words have long been deemed as symbols instead of icons or indexes.Although in some particular cases words can be iconic,such as the Chinese characters日,月,火,etc.,or indexical,such as pronouns(e.g.,he,she,it)and demonstratives(e.g.,this,that,these,those),most words are believed to be symbols,whose signifier and signified sustain an arbitrary relation in nature.Icon and symbol are distinct concepts and have been clearly defined to a large extent,but index seems to be rather vague in signification.Based on relevant research and Peirce’s trichotomy of signs,we propose a pan-indexicality model used for interpreting linguistic signs.In this model,a linguistic sign is taken as an index that guides the addressee to search for objects or senses at three levels,i.e.,the formal sense level,the conventional sense level,and the overall sense level.Interference of the Interpretant in meaning understanding varies at two general levels.At the formal and conventional levels,it is the Interpretanti(knowledge shared by both the addresser and the addressee)that determines meaning understanding,but at the overall sense level,the personalized Interpretantii(knowledge owned solely by the addressee)plays a key role.Throughout the whole pan-indexicality process,formal sense and the Interpretantii are two key factors that are related to the particular and distinct features of English and Chinese.
文摘The Gabes aquifer system,located in southeastern Tunisia,is a crucial resource for supporting local socio-economic activities.Due to its dual porosity structure,is particularly vulnerable to pollution.This study aims to develop a hybrid model that combines the Fracture Aquifer Index(FAI)with the conventional GOD(Groundwater occurrence,Overall lithology,Depth to water table)method,to assess groundwater vulnerability in fractured aquifer.To develop the hybrid model,the classical GOD method was integrated with FAI to produce a single composite index.Each parameter within both GOD and FAI was scored,and a final index was calculated to delineate vulnerable areas.The results show that the study area can be classified into four vulnerability levels:Very low,low,moderate,and high,indicating that approximately 8%of the area exhibits very low vulnerability,29%has low vulnerability,25%falls into the moderate category,and 38%is considered highly vulnerable.The FAI-GOD model further incorporates fracture network characteristics.This refinement reduces the classification to three vulnerability classes:Low,medium,and high.The outcomes demonstrate that 46%of the area is highly vulnerable due to a dense concentration of fractures,while 17%represents an intermediate zone characterized by either shallow or deeper fractures.In contrast,37%corresponds to areas with lightly fractured rock,where the impact on vulnerability is minimal.Multivariate statistical analysis was employed using Principal Components Analysis(PCA)and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)on 24 samples across six variables.The first three components account for over 76%of the total variance,reinforcing the significance of fracture dynamics in classifying vulnerability levels.The FAI-GOD model removes the very-low-vulnerability class and expands the spatial extent of low-and high-vulnerability zones,reflecting the dominant influence of fracture networks on aquifer sensitivity.While both indices use a five-class system,FAI-GOD redistributes vulnerability by eliminating very-low-vulnerability areas and amplifying low/high categories,highlighting the critical role of fractures.A strong correlation(R2=0.94)between the GOD and FAI-GOD indices,demonstrated through second-order polynomial regression,confirms the robustness of the FAI-GOD model in accurately predicting vulnerability to pollution.This model provides a useful framework for assessing the vulnerability of complex aquifers and serves as a decision-making tool for groundwater managers in similar areas.
文摘This commentary critically appraises the study by Li et al which pioneered the exploration of the triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index as a prognostic marker in hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing combined camrelizumab and lenvatinib therapy.While we acknowledge the study’s clinical relevance in proposing an easily accessible metabolic biomarker,we delve into the mechanistic plausibility linking insulin resistance to immunotherapy response and angiogenic inhibition.We further critically examine the methodological limitations,including the retrospective design,the populationspecific TyG cut-off value,and unaddressed metabolic confounders.We highlight the imperative for future research to validate its utility across diverse etiologies and treatment settings,and to unravel the underlying immunometabolic pathways.
文摘BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic characteristics including abnormal drug distribution and clearance.Rocuronium exhibits markedly different distribution patterns in obese patients,with conventional weight correction methods inadequately addressing individual muscle mass variations that critically influence drug distribution.AIM To investigate the quantitative relationship between skeletal muscle index(SMI)and rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients,establish a population pharmacokinetic model,and develop individualized dosing strategies based on muscle mass.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted,including 100 obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))who underwent elective radical colorectal cancer surgery at our hospital from June 2023 to January 2025.Skeletal muscle mass was measured using InBody 260 body composition analyzer and SMI was calculated to assess muscle mass,with male SMI<7.0 kg/m^(2) and female SMI<5.7 kg/m^(2)as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.Plasma rocuronium concentrations were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,and nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to establish population pharmacokinetic modeling.Stepwise regression was used to screen covariates,and dosing regimens were optimized through Monte Carlo simulation.The primary endpoint was targeted plasma concentration achievement rate,and the secondary endpoint was postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence.RESULTS Among 100 patients,35(35.0%)had sarcopenia and 65(65.0%)did not.Patients in the sarcopenia group were older(64.1±9.8 years vs 54.2±10.9 years,P<0.001)and had significantly lower SMI(6.2±0.8 kg/m^(2)vs 8.4±1.2 kg/m^(2),P<0.001).SMI showed strong positive correlation with rocuronium steady-state distribution volume(r=0.718,P<0.001)and moderate negative correlation with clearance(r=-0.502,P<0.001).A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was successfully established,with SMI being the most important covariate affecting central compartment distribution volume(△OFV=-41.2,P<0.001).Model validation showed bootstrap successful convergence rate of 92.3%,and 92.1%of observed values fell within prediction intervals in predicted concentration versus predicted concentration.The SMI-based individualized dosing regimen improved target exposure achievement rate from 82.0%in traditional regimen to 93.5%(P=0.009),and reduced postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence from 13.0%to 3.5%(P=0.018).The sarcopenia group showed the most significant improvement in achievement rate,from 71.4%to 93.8%(P=0.017).CONCLUSION SMI shows strong correlation with rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients and is a key factor affecting drug distribution.SMI-based individualized dosing strategies can significantly improve target exposure achievement rate and reduce postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence,providing scientific evidence for precision anesthesia management in obese patients.
基金Supported by Inter Disciplinary Direction Cultivation Project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.2025JC01032025 Hunan Province Science and Technology Innovation Plan Project,No.2025RC9012+2 种基金2022"Unveiling and Leading"Project of Discipline Construction at Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.22JBZ044Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.kq2402174Hunan Provincial Science Popularization Fund Project,No.2025ZK4223.
文摘BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170406 and No.81970238.
文摘Gastric ulcer(GU)represents a clinically significant manifestation of peptic ulcer disease,driven by a complex interplay of microbial,environmental,and immuneinflammatory factors.A recent cross-sectional study by Shen et al systematically evaluated six complete blood count-derived inflammatory indices:Neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio,monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,systemic immune-inflammation index,systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI),and aggregate index of systemic inflammation and demonstrated their positive associations with GU prevalence,identifying SIRI as the strongest predictor.This editorial contextualizes these findings within the broader literature,clarifies that these indices reflect systemic rather than GU-specific inflammation,highlights methodological strengths and major limitations,and proposes a conceptual clinical algorithm for integrating SIRI into GU risk assessment.Future multicenter studies incorporating Helicobacter pylori infection,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug exposure,and prospective design are essential to validate and translate these findings into clinical practice.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(No.451-03-136/2025-03/200135)。
文摘Access to clean drinking water is essential for human health,economic development,and environmental sustain-ability.To effectively preserve water quality and ensure a safe and stable water supply,it is essential to determine the priority control factors of potentially hazardous elements in water.This study focused on public drinking wa-ter fountains in Zaječar City(Serbia),examining water hydrochemistry,quality,potential sources of hazardous elements,and the health risks associated with consumption or dermal exposure.Among all potentially hazardous elements,iron showed a deviation from the limit in drinking water prescribed by the World Health Organization,reaching 631μg/L.However,all samples were categorized as excellent quality for drinking.Water composition was governed by water-rock interactions,distinguishing Na-HCO_(3)as the dominant water type.A total of 3.3%and 6.6%of samples exceeded the threshold of 1 for non-carcinogenic health risk for adults and children,re-spectively,with the mean HIa value of 0.35 and the mean HIc value of 0.57.However,the carcinogenic risk was within the allowable limits for children,whereas it surpassed the threshold of 1.0×10^(–4)for adults in 10%of the samples.The positive matrix factorization model identified four sources responsible for water quality,i.e.,natural source,industrial source,sewage source,and agricultural source,with contributions of 37.1%,35.0%,17.8%,and 10.1%,respectively.The Monte Carlo simulation of source-specific health risks revealed that the industrial source was the main contributor to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks,attributed to its high arsenic load.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFF1302401National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42271007。
文摘Ecosystems along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(EQTP)are highly fragile and extremely sensitive to climate change and human disturbances.To quantitatively assess climate-induced ecosystem responses,this study proposes a Climate-Induced Productivity Index(CIPI)based on the Super Slack-Based Measure(Super-SBM)model using remote sensing data from 2001 to 2020.The results reveal persistently low CIPI values(0.47-0.53)across major ecosystem types,indicating widespread vulnerability to climatic variability.Among these ecosystems,forests exhibit the highest CIPI(0.55),followed by shrublands(0.54),croplands(0.53),grasslands(0.51),and barelands(0.43).The Theil index analysis further demonstrates significant intra-group disparities,suggesting that extreme climatic events amplify CIPI heterogeneity.Moreover,the dominant environmental drivers differ among ecosystem types:the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI)primarily constrains grassland productivity,solar radiation(SRAD)strongly influences shrub and cropland systems,whereas subsurface factors exert greater control in forested regions.This study provides a quantitative framework for evaluating climate-ecosystem interactions and offers a scientific basis for long-term ecological monitoring and security planning across the EQTP.
文摘BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology.Inflammatory chemical mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid,an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),have been shown to activate CD.Additionally,n-3 PUFAs are metabolized by the same enzyme as n-6 PUFAs and known to inhibit the arachidonic acid cascade.Our previous study noted that the presence of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids is a characteristic finding in Japanese CD patients.It was thus speculated that FADS2 gene polymorphisms,which induce PUFA metabolizing enzymes,are involved in the pathogenesis of CD,though no such relationship was found.AIM To investigate the relationship of FADS2 polymorphisms with serum and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition ratios,and disease activity.METHODS Using previously reported findings regarding FADS2 genetic polymorphisms,the records of 52 CD patients undergoing treatment at Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital were analyzed.Mutations noted were divided into three groups;wild-type(GG),heterozygous mutants(GA),and homozygous(AA),with the activities of delta-6 and delta-5 desaturases compared using redefined d6d index(rd.d6di)and d5d index(d5di).Additionally,comparisons of serum and erythrocyte membranes for fatty acid composition,and also gene polymorphisms and CD activity index(CDAI)were performed.RESULTS The presence of the rs174538 mutation in FADS2 resulted in reduction of only rd.d6di in the erythrocyte membrane(P<0.01).In contrast,that mutation was found to be associated with d5di induced by FADS1 in serum(P=0.019)as well as the erythrocyte membrane(P<0.0001),and also with reduction in the fatty acid composition of arachidonic acid in both serum(P<0.0001)and the erythrocyte membrane(P<0.01).Regarding disease activity,a positive correlation of CDAI score with rd.d6di in both serum(P<0.05)and the erythrocyte membrane(P<0.05)was found only in the rs174538 wild-type group.In contrast,there was no correction between CDAI and d5di in either serum or erythrocyte membrane samples.CONCLUSION The rs174538 mutation alters the fatty acid profile through strong linkage to the FADS1 gene.In wild-type individuals,rd.d6di was positively correlated with CDAI,suggesting predictive utility of disease severity.
基金Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI,No.25K11274.
文摘To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical need for accurate risk stratification and timely specialist intervention.A panel of 11 Japanese hepatology experts conducted a modified Delphi process to evaluate consensus recommendations regarding the use of noninvasive tests(NITs),including the fibrosis-4 index,enhanced liver fibrosis test,Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer,type IV collagen 7S,cytokeratin-18 fragments,and imaging modalities such as ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance elastography,for MASLD assessment and clinical referral.Practical algorithms were developed based on current Japanese data and panel consensus.The expert panel validated the utility of NITs as reliable tools for identifying patients with MASLD at risk for advanced fibrosis.Sequential use of NITs improved diagnostic accuracy and referral appropriateness while minimizing unnecessary specialist consultations.The proposed algorithms offer stepwise guidance for primary care physicians,supporting efficient,evidence-based decisionmaking.However,prospective longitudinal studies remain necessary for full prognostic validation of NITs in MASLD management.Noninvasive testing algorithms enable effective risk stratification and referral for MASLD in real-world Japanese practice with anticipated benefit for patient outcomes and healthcare systems.Broader adoption and further validation are warranted.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (Grant Nos.2024JC-JCQN-06 and2025JC-QYCX-006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12474337)Chinese Academy of Sciences Project (Grant Nos.E4BA270100,E4Z127010F,E4Z6270100,and E53327020D)。
文摘In conventional higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),the emergence of topological states can be explained by using the nonzero bulk polarization index.However,corner states emerge in HOTIs with incomplete boundary unit cells(i.e.,boundary defects)even though the bulk polarization is zero,which challenges the conventional understanding of HOTIs.Here,based on a Kekul´e-distorted honeycomb lattice with incomplete unit cells,we reveal that incomplete unit cells exhibit fractional charges through the analysis of Wannier centers by developing a compensation method and creating the concept of Wannier center domain(WCD)which is the smallest region that one Wannier center occupies.This method compensates for the missing parts of these boundary incomplete unit cells with additional WCDs to make them complete.The compensated WCDs automatically carry the corresponding charge,and this charge together with that of the incomplete unit cell constitutes the total charge of the complete unit cell after compensation.We conclude that the emergence of corner states is attributed to the filling anomaly,which is a fundamental mechanism.Our results refresh the understanding of HOTIs,especially those with structural discontinuities,and provide a novel design for topological states which have application value in producing optical functional devices.
文摘本文基于Web of Science、Medline、Nature Index、高被引科学家名单及世卫组织、FDA、NMPA、IQVIA等最新数据,系统分析全球医学科技战略演变、基础研究格局与医药研发态势,并比较中美创新能力。研究发现:全球医学科技已升级为关乎国家安全、生物经济与供应链韧性的战略体系,病原体监测、疫苗平台、生物制造成为关键方向。基础研究进入高位稳定期,美国在规模、机构与人才上仍占主导;中国在生物科学高质量科研份额上已反超美国,但在健康科学和临床研究仍偏弱。在医药研发层面,资本与并购加速向ADC、细胞与基因治疗、GLP-1和AI药物研发集中,新兴生物制药公司成为首创新药重要来源。中美均保持全球新药批准高位,但美国在首创机制与罕见病体系上优势明显。总体看,中国正迈向全球医学创新关键力量,但仍需补强健康科学、临床转化与平台体系建设。
基金funded by the MOE Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities(22JJD720021)。
文摘The English“T” is widely held as a well-behaved Kaplanian indexical that has a directly-referential content and a character which imples immunity to self misidentification.In this paper I present uses of“T”outside attitudal contexts that are not directly referential yet exhibit immunity to self misidentification.They include uses of“I”for simulation and for counterfactual self portrait.I argue that they(i)challenge the non-shiftability and the rigidity arguments for the direct reference view,and(1)require a revision of the character of“T”to reflect the sensitivity of its content to the perspective from which the speaker identifies herself.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notably China,reports disproportionately high GC incidences.The disease often progresses asymptoma-tically in the early stages,leading to delayed diagnosis and compromised out-comes.Thus,it is crucial to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and enhance treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.METHODS Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 148 patients with GC treated at the Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital between December 2022 and December 2023.The associations of coagulation indices-partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen,fibrinogen degradation products(FDP),fasting blood glucose,and D-dimer(D-D)with TNM stage and distant metastasis were examined.RESULTS Prolongation of APTT,PT,and TT was significantly correlated with the GC TNM stage.Hence,abnormal coagulation system activation was closely related to disease progression.Elevated FDP and D-D were significantly associated with distant metastasis in GC(P<0.05),suggesting that increased fibrinolytic activity contributes to increased metastatic risk.CONCLUSION Our Results reveal coagulation indices,FDPs as GC biomarkers,reflecting abnormal coagulation/fibrinolysis,aiding disease progression,metastasis prediction,and helping clinicians assess thrombotic risk for early intervention and personalized treatment plans.
基金JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number16H06286 supports global GNSS ionospheric maps (TEC,ROTI,and detrended TEC maps) developed by the Institute for SpaceEarth Environmental Research (ISEE) of Nagoya Universitysupport of the 2024 JASSO Follow-up Research Fellowship Program for a 90-day visiting research at the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE),Nagoya University+3 种基金the support received from Telkom University under the“Skema Penelitian Terapan Periode I Tahun Anggaran 2024”the Memorandum of Understanding for Research Collaboration on Regional Ionospheric Observation (No:092/SAM3/TE-DEK/2021)the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) International Exchange Program 2024-2025(No.2024-007)support for a one-year visiting research at Hokkaido University
文摘This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning accuracy.Managed by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude regions.Ina-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast Asia.We provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this network.We generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific research.Two preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are noteworthy.First,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther eastward.Second,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East Asia.We have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,2024.We observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities post-midnight.By sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionospheric research.
文摘In the context of the digital transformation of vocational education,a quality evaluation index system has been constructed.Based on a questionnaire survey conducted among higher vocational colleges and enterprises in Hainan Province,it has been found that the quality of vocational education generally depends on the talent training program and professional construction at the macro level.At the meso level,the teacher level and teaching environment are critical,while at the micro level,the evaluation of talent training quality cannot be underestimated.Strategies for quality improvement in vocational education are proposed from the perspectives of talent training programs,major construction,teacher development,teaching environment,and talent training quality,all under the lens of digital transformation.
文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of gastric carcinoma(GC)is essential for improving clinical outcomes.However,the biomarkers currently used for GC screening are not ideal.AIM To explore the diagnostic implications of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and systemic immune-inflammatory index(SII)for GC.METHODS The baseline data of 133 patients with GC and 134 patients with precancerous gastric conditions admitted between January 2022 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The information on peripheral blood platelet,neutrophil,and lymphocyte counts in each patient was collected,and the NLR,PLR,and SII levels of both groups were calculated.Additionally,multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted,and the diagnostic implications of NLR,PLR,and SII in differentiating patients with precancerous gastric conditions,compared with those with GC,were analyzed through receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS The data indicated that NLR,PLR,and SII had abnormally increased levels in the patients with GC.Gender and body mass index were risk factors for the occurrence of GC.ROC data revealed that the areas under the curve of three patients with precancerous gastric conditions,who were differentiated from those with GC,were 0.824,0.787,and 0.842,respectively.CONCLUSION NLR,PLR,and SII are all abnormally expressed in GC and have diagnostic implications,especially when used as joint indicators,in distinguishing patients with precancerous gastric conditions from those with GC.
基金The funding of this study was of the 2021 Shandong Province Higher Education“Young Innovative Talent Introduction and Training Program”(Public Health Safety Risk Assessment and Response Innovation Team)the annual education and teaching reform and research project at the school level of Shandong Second Medical University(No.2023YBD006)+1 种基金the Public Health Standards Research and Development Project of the National Disease Control and Prevention Bureau(No.233007)the Public Health Standards Revision and Supervision Support Project of the National Disease Control and Prevention Bureau (No.242401).
文摘Objective To assess health equity in the Yangtze River region to improve understanding of the correlation between hand, foot, and mouth disease(HFMD) and socioeconomic factors.Methods From 2014–2016, data on HFMD incidence, population statistics, economic indicators, and meteorology from 26 cities along the Yangtze River were analyzed. A multi-city random-effects metaanalysis was performed to study the relationship between temperature and HFMD transmission, and health equity was assessed with respect to socio-economic impact.Results Over the study period, 919,458 HFMD cases were reported, with Shanghai(162,303) having the highest incidence and Tongling(5,513) having the lowest. Males were more commonly affected(male-to-female ratio, 1.49:1). The exposure-response relationship had an M-shaped curve, with two HFMD peaks occurring at 4 ℃ and 26 ℃. The relative risk had two peaks at 1.30 ℃(1.834, 95% CI:1.204–2.794) and 31.4 ℃(1.143, 95% CI: 0.901–1.451), forming an M shape, with the first peak higher than the second. The most significant impact of temperature on HFMD was observed between –2 ℃ and18.1 ℃. The concentration index(0.2463) indicated moderate concentration differences, whereas the Theil index(0.0418) showed low inequality in distribution.Conclusion The incidence of HFMD varied across cities, particularly with changes in temperature.Economically prosperous areas showed higher risks, indicating disparities. Targeted interventions in these areas are crucial for mitigating the risk of HFMD.
