The stigmas of five species, Populus euphratica Oliv., P. alba L., P. simonii Carr., P. lasiocarpa Oliv. and P. nigra L. have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy re veals that exudates are present in the ...The stigmas of five species, Populus euphratica Oliv., P. alba L., P. simonii Carr., P. lasiocarpa Oliv. and P. nigra L. have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy re veals that exudates are present in the intercellular spaces, in the clefts between the multicel lular papillae and on the receptive surface. Release and movement of exudates can be visual ized when the fresh stigmas are stained with sudan Ⅲ and auramine O. Paraffin and semi thin resin sections of stigmas after glutaraldehyde osmium fixation evidence the lipidic nature of the exudates. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the glandular features of the stigmatic papillae cells, such as abundance of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, polyribosomes, and well developed dictyosomes with secretory vesicles. Pellicle and epicuticular lamellate layers which have been considered as typical features of the dry type stigmas are also present in the species where stigmas appear extremely wet. It is concluded that stigmas in all of the five species are secretory at the receptive stage. Well developed generative and sperm cells were observed in the pollen tubes penetrating through the deep layers of the stigmatic tissue in the reciprocal crosses between P. euphratica and P. simonii, which indicated that there is no significant barrier in the stigma.展开更多
Abstract： Synthetic wheats are the product of the cross between Triticum turgidum L. var. durum and T. tauschii. The 7＇. tauschii has shown excellent resistance to diseases, salinity, and drought, However, these syn...Abstract： Synthetic wheats are the product of the cross between Triticum turgidum L. var. durum and T. tauschii. The 7＇. tauschii has shown excellent resistance to diseases, salinity, and drought, However, these synthetic wheats are also carriers of genes that produce varying degrees of necrosis, which is expressed as death of tissues in the hybrids （F l） generated from crosses with other bread wheats Necrotic incompatibility is a gradual premature leaf death in certain bread wheat F1 plants and it is caused by the interaction of two genes Nel and Ne2. In this paper 40 hybridizations with T. tauschii in the genetic constitution of some of the two parents made in 2006 and 2007 are presented, and their respective F1 planted at the CEI Barrow （Chacra Experimental de Barrow）. The plants that showed necrotic incompatibility had less growth than the normal F1 at tillering. Symptoms appeared at the beginning of tillering, remaining in that state and till jointing but they never headed. Out of the 16 Argentinean commercial cultivars evaluated, seven had the Ne allele in its genetic constitution and therefore showed necrotic incompatibility, whereas nine of them did not have the NE allele and their F 1 developed normally.展开更多
A composite liner consisting of a geomembrane(GMB)and a geosynthetic clay liner(GCL)can be compromised by inorganic contaminants because of a defective GMB.When the composite liner with defective GMB is exposed to agg...A composite liner consisting of a geomembrane(GMB)and a geosynthetic clay liner(GCL)can be compromised by inorganic contaminants because of a defective GMB.When the composite liner with defective GMB is exposed to aggressive leachate conditions,the neglect of the chemical incompatibility of the GCL can potentially result in an underestimation of the leakage rate and flux through the composite liner.This paper proposed a numerical investigation on the effect of chemical incompatibility of GCL on the barrier performance of the composite liner with hole defect.Four cases with leachate solutions having varied cation valencies and ionic strengths were analyzed,in which the hydraulic conductivity of GCL was concentrationdependent.Both the effect of the chemical incompatibility of GCL and the mechanisms were analyzed.The incompatibility of GCL resulted in significant increases in leakage rate and flux through the composite liner by factors of up to 4.9 and 5.0,respectively.The incompatibility-affected area in GCL is located within 0.1 m from the center of the hole in the GMB.The coupled increase in the hydraulic conductivity of GCL and pore water concentration impacts the flux and leakage in a short period of time.With GCL chemical incompatibility considered,advection may dominate the contaminant transport through GCL.展开更多
Strong genetic incompatibilities exist between two primary rice subspecies,indica and japonica.However,the wild ancestors of rice,O.nivara Sharma et Shastry and O.rufipogon Griff.,are genetically compatible.How this g...Strong genetic incompatibilities exist between two primary rice subspecies,indica and japonica.However,the wild ancestors of rice,O.nivara Sharma et Shastry and O.rufipogon Griff.,are genetically compatible.How this genetic incompatibility became established has not been clearly elucidated.To provide insights into the process,we analyzed a pair of hybrid sterility genes in rice,DOPPELGANGER 1(DPL1)and DOPPELGANGER 2(DPL2).Either of the two loci can have one defective allele(DPL1-and DPL2-).Hybrid pollen carrying both DPL1-and DPL2-alleles is sterile.To explore the origination of DPL1-and DPL2-,we sequenced the DPL1 and DPL2 genes of 811 individual plants,including Oryza sativa(132),O.nivara(296)and O.rufipogon(383).We then obtained 20 DPL1 and 34 DPL2 sequences of O.sativa from online databases.Using these sequences,we analyzed the genetic and geographic distribution patterns of DPL genes in modern rice and its wild ancestors.Compared with the ancestral populations,DPL1-and DPL2-showed reduced diversity but increased frequency in modern rice.We speculated that the diversity reduction was due to a historic genetic bottleneck,and the frequency had likely increased because the defective alleles were preferred following this artificial selection.Such results indicated that standing variances in ancestral lines can lead to severe incompatibilities among descendants.Haplotype analysis indicated that the DPL1-haplotype of rice emerged from an O.nivara population in India,whereas the DPL2-haplotype emerged from O.rufipogon in South China.Hence,the evolutionary history of DPLs conforms to the presumed multiple domestication events of modern rice.展开更多
The non-flammability and high oxidation stability of sulfolane(SL)make it an excellent electrolyte candidate for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,its incompatibility with graphitic anode prevents the realization of...The non-flammability and high oxidation stability of sulfolane(SL)make it an excellent electrolyte candidate for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,its incompatibility with graphitic anode prevents the realization of these advantages.To understand how this incompatibility arises on molecular level so that it can be suppressed,we combined theoretical calculation and experimental characterization and reveal that the primary Li^(+) solvation sheath in SL is depleted of fluorine source.Upon reduction,SL in such fluorine-poor solvation sheath generates insoluble dimer with poor electronic insulation,hence leading to slow but sustained parasitic reactions.When fluorine content in Li^(+)-SL solvation sheath is increased via salt concentration,a high stability LiF-rich interphase on graphite can be formed.This new understanding of the failure mechanism of graphite in SL-based electrolyte is of great significance in unlocking many possible electrolyte solvent candidates for the high-voltage cathode materials for next-generation LIBs.展开更多
ABO blood group incompatibility(ABO-I)was historically considered an absolute contraindication to kidney transplantation due to the significant risk of acute antibody-mediated rejection and early graft loss.Neverthele...ABO blood group incompatibility(ABO-I)was historically considered an absolute contraindication to kidney transplantation due to the significant risk of acute antibody-mediated rejection and early graft loss.Nevertheless,the urge to minimize the gap between the candidates’number on the waitlist for kidney transplants and the available kidney donors encourage investigation into finding ways to use organs from ABO-I kidney donors,especially in the era of using more potent immunosuppression therapies.This review aims to discuss a general overview of ABO-I kidney transplantation and the different protocols adopted by some transplant centers to meaningfully overcome this barrier.展开更多
In flowering plants, self-incompatibility （SI） serves as an important intraspecific reproductive barrier to promote outbreeding. In species from the Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae, S-RNase and SLF （S-locus...In flowering plants, self-incompatibility （SI） serves as an important intraspecific reproductive barrier to promote outbreeding. In species from the Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae, S-RNase and SLF （S-locus F-box） proteins have been shown to control the female and male specificity of SI, respectively. However, little is known about structure features of the SLF protein apart from its conserved F-box domain. Here we show that the SLF C-terminal region possesses a novel ubiquitin-binding domain （UBD） structure conserved among the SLF protein family. By using an ex vivo system of Nicotiana benthamiana, we found that the UBD mediates the SLF protein turnover by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, we detected that the SLF protein was directly involved in S-RNase degradation. Taken together, our results provide a novel insight into the SLF structure and highlight a potential role of SLF protein stability and degradation in S-RNase-based self-incompatibility.展开更多
The cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Culex pipiens complex from China and Japan was studied. The results of the crossing experiments between 11 different strains suggest that some Japanese strain...The cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Culex pipiens complex from China and Japan was studied. The results of the crossing experiments between 11 different strains suggest that some Japanese strains might be possible to be used for control Chinese strains by using male sterile technique, and the heavy infection of wolbachiae in mosquitoes may have some relations with the cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Cx. pipiens complex.展开更多
Four solanaceous plant species, namely hot pepper (Capsicum frutescensL.), potato (Solanum tuberosumL.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMiller) were anatomically screened for compatib...Four solanaceous plant species, namely hot pepper (Capsicum frutescensL.), potato (Solanum tuberosumL.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMiller) were anatomically screened for compatibility/incompatibility to field dodder (Cuscuta campestrisYuncker, Cuscutaceae). The development of field dodder haustorium within stem tissues of the studied solanaceous plants was found to depend on the latter’s response to the former’s penetration. In hot pepper and tobacco, which showed a positive response, the haustorium was well developed and its searching hyphae established connections with their vascular tissues. However, potato and tomato showed a negative response and acquired different defense mechanisms against the parasitism of field dodder. In both of them, the field dodder haustorium and/or its searching hyphae exhibited distorted appearance and failed to establish connection with their vascular tissues. Thus, the tested solanaceous plant species could be classified as either compatible (hot pepper and tobacco) or incompatible (potato and tomato) hosts to field dodder.展开更多
基金the NationalNaturalScience Foundation ofChina (NNSFC)
文摘The stigmas of five species, Populus euphratica Oliv., P. alba L., P. simonii Carr., P. lasiocarpa Oliv. and P. nigra L. have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy re veals that exudates are present in the intercellular spaces, in the clefts between the multicel lular papillae and on the receptive surface. Release and movement of exudates can be visual ized when the fresh stigmas are stained with sudan Ⅲ and auramine O. Paraffin and semi thin resin sections of stigmas after glutaraldehyde osmium fixation evidence the lipidic nature of the exudates. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the glandular features of the stigmatic papillae cells, such as abundance of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, polyribosomes, and well developed dictyosomes with secretory vesicles. Pellicle and epicuticular lamellate layers which have been considered as typical features of the dry type stigmas are also present in the species where stigmas appear extremely wet. It is concluded that stigmas in all of the five species are secretory at the receptive stage. Well developed generative and sperm cells were observed in the pollen tubes penetrating through the deep layers of the stigmatic tissue in the reciprocal crosses between P. euphratica and P. simonii, which indicated that there is no significant barrier in the stigma.
文摘Abstract： Synthetic wheats are the product of the cross between Triticum turgidum L. var. durum and T. tauschii. The 7＇. tauschii has shown excellent resistance to diseases, salinity, and drought, However, these synthetic wheats are also carriers of genes that produce varying degrees of necrosis, which is expressed as death of tissues in the hybrids （F l） generated from crosses with other bread wheats Necrotic incompatibility is a gradual premature leaf death in certain bread wheat F1 plants and it is caused by the interaction of two genes Nel and Ne2. In this paper 40 hybridizations with T. tauschii in the genetic constitution of some of the two parents made in 2006 and 2007 are presented, and their respective F1 planted at the CEI Barrow （Chacra Experimental de Barrow）. The plants that showed necrotic incompatibility had less growth than the normal F1 at tillering. Symptoms appeared at the beginning of tillering, remaining in that state and till jointing but they never headed. Out of the 16 Argentinean commercial cultivars evaluated, seven had the Ne allele in its genetic constitution and therefore showed necrotic incompatibility, whereas nine of them did not have the NE allele and their F 1 developed normally.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFC1802304 and 2019YFC1806002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077241 and 51988101)。
文摘A composite liner consisting of a geomembrane(GMB)and a geosynthetic clay liner(GCL)can be compromised by inorganic contaminants because of a defective GMB.When the composite liner with defective GMB is exposed to aggressive leachate conditions,the neglect of the chemical incompatibility of the GCL can potentially result in an underestimation of the leakage rate and flux through the composite liner.This paper proposed a numerical investigation on the effect of chemical incompatibility of GCL on the barrier performance of the composite liner with hole defect.Four cases with leachate solutions having varied cation valencies and ionic strengths were analyzed,in which the hydraulic conductivity of GCL was concentrationdependent.Both the effect of the chemical incompatibility of GCL and the mechanisms were analyzed.The incompatibility of GCL resulted in significant increases in leakage rate and flux through the composite liner by factors of up to 4.9 and 5.0,respectively.The incompatibility-affected area in GCL is located within 0.1 m from the center of the hole in the GMB.The coupled increase in the hydraulic conductivity of GCL and pore water concentration impacts the flux and leakage in a short period of time.With GCL chemical incompatibility considered,advection may dominate the contaminant transport through GCL.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA08020103 and XDB31000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31470332,91731301 and 91231201)。
文摘Strong genetic incompatibilities exist between two primary rice subspecies,indica and japonica.However,the wild ancestors of rice,O.nivara Sharma et Shastry and O.rufipogon Griff.,are genetically compatible.How this genetic incompatibility became established has not been clearly elucidated.To provide insights into the process,we analyzed a pair of hybrid sterility genes in rice,DOPPELGANGER 1(DPL1)and DOPPELGANGER 2(DPL2).Either of the two loci can have one defective allele(DPL1-and DPL2-).Hybrid pollen carrying both DPL1-and DPL2-alleles is sterile.To explore the origination of DPL1-and DPL2-,we sequenced the DPL1 and DPL2 genes of 811 individual plants,including Oryza sativa(132),O.nivara(296)and O.rufipogon(383).We then obtained 20 DPL1 and 34 DPL2 sequences of O.sativa from online databases.Using these sequences,we analyzed the genetic and geographic distribution patterns of DPL genes in modern rice and its wild ancestors.Compared with the ancestral populations,DPL1-and DPL2-showed reduced diversity but increased frequency in modern rice.We speculated that the diversity reduction was due to a historic genetic bottleneck,and the frequency had likely increased because the defective alleles were preferred following this artificial selection.Such results indicated that standing variances in ancestral lines can lead to severe incompatibilities among descendants.Haplotype analysis indicated that the DPL1-haplotype of rice emerged from an O.nivara population in India,whereas the DPL2-haplotype emerged from O.rufipogon in South China.Hence,the evolutionary history of DPLs conforms to the presumed multiple domestication events of modern rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972049)the Guangdong Program for Distinguished Young Scholar(2017B030306013)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2017B090901020)。
文摘The non-flammability and high oxidation stability of sulfolane(SL)make it an excellent electrolyte candidate for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,its incompatibility with graphitic anode prevents the realization of these advantages.To understand how this incompatibility arises on molecular level so that it can be suppressed,we combined theoretical calculation and experimental characterization and reveal that the primary Li^(+) solvation sheath in SL is depleted of fluorine source.Upon reduction,SL in such fluorine-poor solvation sheath generates insoluble dimer with poor electronic insulation,hence leading to slow but sustained parasitic reactions.When fluorine content in Li^(+)-SL solvation sheath is increased via salt concentration,a high stability LiF-rich interphase on graphite can be formed.This new understanding of the failure mechanism of graphite in SL-based electrolyte is of great significance in unlocking many possible electrolyte solvent candidates for the high-voltage cathode materials for next-generation LIBs.
文摘ABO blood group incompatibility(ABO-I)was historically considered an absolute contraindication to kidney transplantation due to the significant risk of acute antibody-mediated rejection and early graft loss.Nevertheless,the urge to minimize the gap between the candidates’number on the waitlist for kidney transplants and the available kidney donors encourage investigation into finding ways to use organs from ABO-I kidney donors,especially in the era of using more potent immunosuppression therapies.This review aims to discuss a general overview of ABO-I kidney transplantation and the different protocols adopted by some transplant centers to meaningfully overcome this barrier.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Nos.2007CB108703 and 2011CB915404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30921003)
文摘In flowering plants, self-incompatibility （SI） serves as an important intraspecific reproductive barrier to promote outbreeding. In species from the Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae, S-RNase and SLF （S-locus F-box） proteins have been shown to control the female and male specificity of SI, respectively. However, little is known about structure features of the SLF protein apart from its conserved F-box domain. Here we show that the SLF C-terminal region possesses a novel ubiquitin-binding domain （UBD） structure conserved among the SLF protein family. By using an ex vivo system of Nicotiana benthamiana, we found that the UBD mediates the SLF protein turnover by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, we detected that the SLF protein was directly involved in S-RNase degradation. Taken together, our results provide a novel insight into the SLF structure and highlight a potential role of SLF protein stability and degradation in S-RNase-based self-incompatibility.
基金This study was supported by the research grant from Chinese Academy of Sciences and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 1981.
文摘The cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Culex pipiens complex from China and Japan was studied. The results of the crossing experiments between 11 different strains suggest that some Japanese strains might be possible to be used for control Chinese strains by using male sterile technique, and the heavy infection of wolbachiae in mosquitoes may have some relations with the cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Cx. pipiens complex.
文摘Four solanaceous plant species, namely hot pepper (Capsicum frutescensL.), potato (Solanum tuberosumL.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMiller) were anatomically screened for compatibility/incompatibility to field dodder (Cuscuta campestrisYuncker, Cuscutaceae). The development of field dodder haustorium within stem tissues of the studied solanaceous plants was found to depend on the latter’s response to the former’s penetration. In hot pepper and tobacco, which showed a positive response, the haustorium was well developed and its searching hyphae established connections with their vascular tissues. However, potato and tomato showed a negative response and acquired different defense mechanisms against the parasitism of field dodder. In both of them, the field dodder haustorium and/or its searching hyphae exhibited distorted appearance and failed to establish connection with their vascular tissues. Thus, the tested solanaceous plant species could be classified as either compatible (hot pepper and tobacco) or incompatible (potato and tomato) hosts to field dodder.
