Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 have a role in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal level through chlorid...Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 have a role in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal level through chloride regulation in the pain pathway and by effecting neuronal excitability and pain sensitization. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of the speciifc sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 inhibitor bumetanide, and the change in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain. Results showed that intrathecal bumetanide could decrease cumulative pain scores, and could increase thermal and mechanical pain thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain. Sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression in-creased in neurons from dorsal root ganglion and the deep laminae of the ipsilateral dorsal horn following incision. By contrast, potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression decreased in neurons of the deep laminae from the ipsilateral dorsal horn. These ifndings suggest that spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression was up-regulated and spinal potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 2 expression was down-regulated following incision. Intrathecal bumetanide has analgesic effects on incisional pain through inhibition of sodium-potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 1.展开更多
Injury severity, operative technique and nerve regeneration are important factors to consider when constructing a model of peripheral nerve injury. Here, we present a novel peripheral nerve injury model and compare it...Injury severity, operative technique and nerve regeneration are important factors to consider when constructing a model of peripheral nerve injury. Here, we present a novel peripheral nerve injury model and compare it with the complete sciatic nerve transection method. In the experimental group, under a microscope, a 3-mm longitudinal incision was made in the epineurium of the sciatic nerve to reveal the nerve fibers, which were then transected. The small, longitudinal incision in the epineurium was then sutured closed, requiring no stump anastomosis. In the control group, the sciatic nerve was completely transected, and the epineurium was repaired by anastomosis. At 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, Wallerian degeneration was observed in both groups. In the experimental group, at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, distinct medullary nerve fibers and axons were observed in the injured sciatic nerve. Regular, dense myelin sheaths were visible, as well as some scarring. By 12 weeks, the myelin sheaths were normal and intact, and a tight lamellar structure was observed. Functionally, limb movement and nerve conduction recovered in the injured region between 4 and 12 weeks. The present results demonstrate that longitudinal epineural incision with nerve transection can stably replicate a model of Sunderland grade IV peripheral nerve injury. Compared with the complete sciatic nerve transection model, our method reduced the difficulties of micromanipulation and surgery time, and resulted in good stump restoration, nerve regeneration, and functional recovery.展开更多
The existing literature discussed only the aerial aspect and provided a brief description of tectonic-geomorphic correlation with field evidence.In present study we applied power law equations to estimate basin asymme...The existing literature discussed only the aerial aspect and provided a brief description of tectonic-geomorphic correlation with field evidence.In present study we applied power law equations to estimate basin asymmetry factor(AF),Transverse topographic asymmetric factor(T),Hypsometric Integral(HI),longitudinal profile,stream length gradient index(SL),steepness index(Ksn),Chi(χ),and knick point(Kp)analysis to examine the response of tectono-climatic fluctuations in the Mandakini River basin,central Uttarakhand Himalaya.To decouple the causative tectono-climatic factors,we employed geospatial and Stream Power Incision Modeling(SPIM)techniques.SPIM is a globally accepted tool to predict an equilibrium state between fluvial erosion rates and the escalating function of stream power.It is actively applied in modeling the transformation of river systems especially in rugged topographic regions.The present study covers SPIM-based morphometric assessment of the tectonically sensitive Mandakini River basin between Ramgarh Thrust(RT)and Vaikrita Thrust(VT)in the central region of Uttarakhand Himalaya.In the upper reaches of the basin,U-shaped glaciated valleys dominate the landscape,while a rolling topography and deeply incised narrow valleys are depicted towards the downstream.Therefore,to understand the response of active tectonic over geomorphology,the drainage basin has been divided into two separate zones from the confluence point near the Rampur area.The modeling outcomes indicate that the Mandakini drainage basin is in a disequilibrium state where channels are actively incising to bedrock.Overall,AF of 32 and 70 indicate leftward tilting in the upper reaches and rightward tilting in the lower reaches of the basin,respectively.The HI value of 0.38 indicates a stage of maturity,characterized by a concave shape profile.Based on the analysis it may be concluded that the fragile lithology and tectono-climatic fluctuations are dominantly controlling the topography and valley floor morphology of the Mandakini River.展开更多
目的探讨腹部创伤传统剖腹探查术后患者发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的危险因素,构建风险预测模型。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2019年12月温州医科大学附属第二医院急诊医学科收治的280例因创伤导致腹腔脏器损伤合并严重腹壁损伤患者。其中男性...目的探讨腹部创伤传统剖腹探查术后患者发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的危险因素,构建风险预测模型。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2019年12月温州医科大学附属第二医院急诊医学科收治的280例因创伤导致腹腔脏器损伤合并严重腹壁损伤患者。其中男性180例,女性100例;年龄25~85岁,平均58.6岁。致伤原因:道路交通伤、钝器击打伤、高处坠落伤、挤压伤等。患者均行剖腹探查术。按术后2年内发生腹壁切口疝与否分为发生腹壁疝组(39例)和未发生腹壁疝组(241例)。以单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素,并据此建立风险预测模型,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评估模型拟合度,受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估回归模型的预测价值。结果本研究周期内全组迟发性腹壁切口疝发生率13.93%。发生腹壁疝组的≥60岁比例、合并腹内压增高因素构成比和主刀为非疝专科医师比例方面均高于未发生腹壁疝组(P均<0.05),而高体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)人数构成比和合并术后早期切口感染方面,发生腹壁疝组也高于未发生腹壁疝组,虽然未达到统计学意义(P>0.05),但达到了单因素分析的筛选界值(P<0.1)。而在性别构成、修正创伤评分、年龄校正的查尔森慢病指数、切口类型构成比、手术时间、住院时间、糖化血红蛋白和低蛋白血症占比方面,发生腹壁疝组与未发生腹壁疝组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。年龄≥60岁、BMI≥25kg/m^(2)、合并腹内压增高因素和合并术后早期切口感染均是患者术后2年内发生腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)分别为4.368(1.896~10.059),2.491(1.096~5.662),2.758(1.283~5.926)和6.819(2.000~23.242),P均<0.05],而主刀为疝专科医师则是患者术后2年内发生腹壁疝的独立保护因素[OR(95%CI)为0.067(0.017~0.264),P<0.05]。据此构建的风险预测模型为:Logit(P)=-3.258+1.474×年龄+0.913×BMI+1.014×腹内压增高因素+1.920×术后早期切口感染-2.701×主刀为疝专科医师。采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验模型与观测值拟合度较好(χ^(2)=4.086,P=0.849)。ROC曲线分析显示该回归模型曲线下面积为0.823[95%CI(0.773~0.866)],对应的灵敏度为84.62%,特异度为65.15%。结论年龄≥60岁、BMI≥25kg/m^(2)、合并腹内压增高因素、合并术后切口感染为腹部创伤传统剖腹探查术后患者发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素,而主刀为疝专科医师为腹壁切口疝发生的独立保护因素。由此构建的模型具有较好的区分度和校准度,应用于迟发性腹壁疝的预测具有较好的效能。展开更多
River is one of the geomorphic units that are the most sensitive to tectonic activity, of which the longitudinal profile serves as a key archieve to record information on active tectonics. The stream-power incision mo...River is one of the geomorphic units that are the most sensitive to tectonic activity, of which the longitudinal profile serves as a key archieve to record information on active tectonics. The stream-power incision model is an important means to analyze channel long profiles and to extract both temporal and spatial patterns of regional tectonic activity. Analytical solutions to the steady-state and linear transient-state equations of the model provides means to calibrate drainage basin concavity,calculate channel steepness index, determine drainage divide stability, project the paleo-channel profile, and to invert the tectonic uplift rate history. Yet, not all of these functions have been implemented in the published open-source tools. Here, we developed a set of open-source codes, RiverProAnalysis, which was based on the Matlab platform and integrated all of these functions. The products of the tool set are in the format of image, text and vector files, which not only can be used for visual analysis, but be read by softwares of geographic information system. Taking examples of two transient drainage catchments in the northern margin of the Taiyuan Basin, we analyzed the long profiles of the trunk streams, identified two generations of knickpoints, and estimated the minimum amount of river incision. We combined all the trunk and tributary channels together to model the catchment-wide uplift history and found moderate increases in the uplift rates since the Middle Pliocene and rapid accelation since the late Quaternary. The inverted results are consistent with the sedimentary records in the adjacent basin. By comparing the chi value,slope, and topographic relief of both sides of the catchment divide, we concluded the stability of the drainage divide. Our tool set integrates the main functions of the modern studies on fluvial landsape, thus providing a powerful tool for analyzing river long profiles and for understanding tectonic geomorphology.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from Guangzhou Medical University,No.2008C24
文摘Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 have a role in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal level through chloride regulation in the pain pathway and by effecting neuronal excitability and pain sensitization. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of the speciifc sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 inhibitor bumetanide, and the change in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain. Results showed that intrathecal bumetanide could decrease cumulative pain scores, and could increase thermal and mechanical pain thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain. Sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression in-creased in neurons from dorsal root ganglion and the deep laminae of the ipsilateral dorsal horn following incision. By contrast, potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression decreased in neurons of the deep laminae from the ipsilateral dorsal horn. These ifndings suggest that spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression was up-regulated and spinal potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 2 expression was down-regulated following incision. Intrathecal bumetanide has analgesic effects on incisional pain through inhibition of sodium-potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 1.
基金supported by a grant from the Plan of the Department of Science and Technology of Hebei Province of China,No.142777105D
文摘Injury severity, operative technique and nerve regeneration are important factors to consider when constructing a model of peripheral nerve injury. Here, we present a novel peripheral nerve injury model and compare it with the complete sciatic nerve transection method. In the experimental group, under a microscope, a 3-mm longitudinal incision was made in the epineurium of the sciatic nerve to reveal the nerve fibers, which were then transected. The small, longitudinal incision in the epineurium was then sutured closed, requiring no stump anastomosis. In the control group, the sciatic nerve was completely transected, and the epineurium was repaired by anastomosis. At 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, Wallerian degeneration was observed in both groups. In the experimental group, at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, distinct medullary nerve fibers and axons were observed in the injured sciatic nerve. Regular, dense myelin sheaths were visible, as well as some scarring. By 12 weeks, the myelin sheaths were normal and intact, and a tight lamellar structure was observed. Functionally, limb movement and nerve conduction recovered in the injured region between 4 and 12 weeks. The present results demonstrate that longitudinal epineural incision with nerve transection can stably replicate a model of Sunderland grade IV peripheral nerve injury. Compared with the complete sciatic nerve transection model, our method reduced the difficulties of micromanipulation and surgery time, and resulted in good stump restoration, nerve regeneration, and functional recovery.
基金The authors are thankful to the UPES,Dehradun and the Department of Science and Technology,Govt of India(Project:CRG/2023/000555)for supporting this study.
文摘The existing literature discussed only the aerial aspect and provided a brief description of tectonic-geomorphic correlation with field evidence.In present study we applied power law equations to estimate basin asymmetry factor(AF),Transverse topographic asymmetric factor(T),Hypsometric Integral(HI),longitudinal profile,stream length gradient index(SL),steepness index(Ksn),Chi(χ),and knick point(Kp)analysis to examine the response of tectono-climatic fluctuations in the Mandakini River basin,central Uttarakhand Himalaya.To decouple the causative tectono-climatic factors,we employed geospatial and Stream Power Incision Modeling(SPIM)techniques.SPIM is a globally accepted tool to predict an equilibrium state between fluvial erosion rates and the escalating function of stream power.It is actively applied in modeling the transformation of river systems especially in rugged topographic regions.The present study covers SPIM-based morphometric assessment of the tectonically sensitive Mandakini River basin between Ramgarh Thrust(RT)and Vaikrita Thrust(VT)in the central region of Uttarakhand Himalaya.In the upper reaches of the basin,U-shaped glaciated valleys dominate the landscape,while a rolling topography and deeply incised narrow valleys are depicted towards the downstream.Therefore,to understand the response of active tectonic over geomorphology,the drainage basin has been divided into two separate zones from the confluence point near the Rampur area.The modeling outcomes indicate that the Mandakini drainage basin is in a disequilibrium state where channels are actively incising to bedrock.Overall,AF of 32 and 70 indicate leftward tilting in the upper reaches and rightward tilting in the lower reaches of the basin,respectively.The HI value of 0.38 indicates a stage of maturity,characterized by a concave shape profile.Based on the analysis it may be concluded that the fragile lithology and tectono-climatic fluctuations are dominantly controlling the topography and valley floor morphology of the Mandakini River.
文摘目的探讨腹部创伤传统剖腹探查术后患者发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的危险因素,构建风险预测模型。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2019年12月温州医科大学附属第二医院急诊医学科收治的280例因创伤导致腹腔脏器损伤合并严重腹壁损伤患者。其中男性180例,女性100例;年龄25~85岁,平均58.6岁。致伤原因:道路交通伤、钝器击打伤、高处坠落伤、挤压伤等。患者均行剖腹探查术。按术后2年内发生腹壁切口疝与否分为发生腹壁疝组(39例)和未发生腹壁疝组(241例)。以单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素,并据此建立风险预测模型,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评估模型拟合度,受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估回归模型的预测价值。结果本研究周期内全组迟发性腹壁切口疝发生率13.93%。发生腹壁疝组的≥60岁比例、合并腹内压增高因素构成比和主刀为非疝专科医师比例方面均高于未发生腹壁疝组(P均<0.05),而高体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)人数构成比和合并术后早期切口感染方面,发生腹壁疝组也高于未发生腹壁疝组,虽然未达到统计学意义(P>0.05),但达到了单因素分析的筛选界值(P<0.1)。而在性别构成、修正创伤评分、年龄校正的查尔森慢病指数、切口类型构成比、手术时间、住院时间、糖化血红蛋白和低蛋白血症占比方面,发生腹壁疝组与未发生腹壁疝组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。年龄≥60岁、BMI≥25kg/m^(2)、合并腹内压增高因素和合并术后早期切口感染均是患者术后2年内发生腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)分别为4.368(1.896~10.059),2.491(1.096~5.662),2.758(1.283~5.926)和6.819(2.000~23.242),P均<0.05],而主刀为疝专科医师则是患者术后2年内发生腹壁疝的独立保护因素[OR(95%CI)为0.067(0.017~0.264),P<0.05]。据此构建的风险预测模型为:Logit(P)=-3.258+1.474×年龄+0.913×BMI+1.014×腹内压增高因素+1.920×术后早期切口感染-2.701×主刀为疝专科医师。采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验模型与观测值拟合度较好(χ^(2)=4.086,P=0.849)。ROC曲线分析显示该回归模型曲线下面积为0.823[95%CI(0.773~0.866)],对应的灵敏度为84.62%,特异度为65.15%。结论年龄≥60岁、BMI≥25kg/m^(2)、合并腹内压增高因素、合并术后切口感染为腹部创伤传统剖腹探查术后患者发生迟发性腹壁切口疝的独立危险因素,而主刀为疝专科医师为腹壁切口疝发生的独立保护因素。由此构建的模型具有较好的区分度和校准度,应用于迟发性腹壁疝的预测具有较好的效能。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41802227)。
文摘River is one of the geomorphic units that are the most sensitive to tectonic activity, of which the longitudinal profile serves as a key archieve to record information on active tectonics. The stream-power incision model is an important means to analyze channel long profiles and to extract both temporal and spatial patterns of regional tectonic activity. Analytical solutions to the steady-state and linear transient-state equations of the model provides means to calibrate drainage basin concavity,calculate channel steepness index, determine drainage divide stability, project the paleo-channel profile, and to invert the tectonic uplift rate history. Yet, not all of these functions have been implemented in the published open-source tools. Here, we developed a set of open-source codes, RiverProAnalysis, which was based on the Matlab platform and integrated all of these functions. The products of the tool set are in the format of image, text and vector files, which not only can be used for visual analysis, but be read by softwares of geographic information system. Taking examples of two transient drainage catchments in the northern margin of the Taiyuan Basin, we analyzed the long profiles of the trunk streams, identified two generations of knickpoints, and estimated the minimum amount of river incision. We combined all the trunk and tributary channels together to model the catchment-wide uplift history and found moderate increases in the uplift rates since the Middle Pliocene and rapid accelation since the late Quaternary. The inverted results are consistent with the sedimentary records in the adjacent basin. By comparing the chi value,slope, and topographic relief of both sides of the catchment divide, we concluded the stability of the drainage divide. Our tool set integrates the main functions of the modern studies on fluvial landsape, thus providing a powerful tool for analyzing river long profiles and for understanding tectonic geomorphology.
