The International Standardization Youth Star Competition is held for three consecutive years.We have witnessed continuous improvement in the competition each year,which is a result of our collective efforts.
Introduction:The choice is no longer whether—but when and how!Today,organizations can no longer choose whether or not to engage with stakeholders;the only real decision is when and how to do it successfully.Engaging ...Introduction:The choice is no longer whether—but when and how!Today,organizations can no longer choose whether or not to engage with stakeholders;the only real decision is when and how to do it successfully.Engaging stakeholders is essential for any type of organization,public,private,or civil society.In fact,it is a fundamental part of effective governance,continuous improvement,and social responsibility.The principle behind stakeholder engagement is simple yet powerful:those who can influence or be affected by an organization's mission must be given the opportunity to express their views and contribute to shaping the decisions that impact them.展开更多
Many reviewers contributed their insights and advice to the International Journal of Nursing Sciences in 2025,along with suggestions for improving manuscripts that were submitted for publication.These peer reviewers,l...Many reviewers contributed their insights and advice to the International Journal of Nursing Sciences in 2025,along with suggestions for improving manuscripts that were submitted for publication.These peer reviewers,listed below,have generously given their time and wisdom.The editorial team is grateful to all colleagues who have participated in this worthwhile endeavour.展开更多
Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to...Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to climate change.Wild relatives of wheat serve as a vital reservoir of genetic diversity,offering traits thatenhance its resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.Over recent decades,remarkable progress has been made in utilizing superior genes from wild relatives to bolster wheat's defenses against diseases and pests,though the exploration of genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance has lagged behind.In this review,we summarize key advancements in the utilization of wild relatives for wheat enhancement over the past century,emphasizing both theoretical and technological innovations.Furthermore,we evaluate the potential contributions of wild relatives to address production challenges posed by climate change.We also explore strategies for isolating superior genes and developing prebreeding germplasm to support the future development of climate-resilient wheat varieties.展开更多
As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a ...As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a crucial role in rice growth and development,stress response,and hormone signal transduction.This review discusses the role of WRKY53 in stress response,focusing on its functions in cold tolerance,salt tolerance,disease resistance,and pest defense,and explores its role in regulating rice leaf senescence and seed germination.This article also proposes future research directions,including functional genomics studies,protein interaction network analyses,hormone signal transduction pathways,genetic improvement strategies,applications of gene editing technologies,molecular basis of stress responses,cross-species functional conservation,and bioinformatics and comparative genomics research.This review highlights the importance of WRKY53 in rice biology and provides new perspectives and strategies for future research and genetic improvement of rice.展开更多
In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural a...In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.展开更多
[Objectives]To assess the effects of endophytic bacteria on the growth,antioxidant responses,and the production of key secondary metabolites in Emilia prenanthoidea DC.[Methods]Three endophytic strains(H1,H2,L1)were i...[Objectives]To assess the effects of endophytic bacteria on the growth,antioxidant responses,and the production of key secondary metabolites in Emilia prenanthoidea DC.[Methods]Three endophytic strains(H1,H2,L1)were inoculated onto tissue-cultured seedlings and cultivated for 20 d under greenhouse conditions.Growth traits,reactive oxygen species(ROS)indicators,antioxidant enzyme activities,and the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey s test.[Results]Bacterial inoculation significantly enhanced plant performance.Treatment H2 increased plant height by 27%,chlorophyll content by 73%,and fresh weight by 31%.Levels of ROS(O^(-)_(2),H_(2)O_(2))and MDA decreased markedly,whereas the activities of POD and CAT increased.Additionally,the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin increased by up to 67%and 64%,respectively,with both H2 and L1 treatments showing the most pronounced effects.[Conclusions]Endophytic bacteria markedly improve growth,redox balance,and phenolic accumulation in E.prenanthoidea.Strain H2 represents a promising bioinoculant for improving the medicinal quality of this species.展开更多
Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).Ho...Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).However,the detection and screening of transgenic lines remain major bottlenecks,being time-consuming,labor-intensive,and inefficient during transformation and subsequent mutation identification.A simple and efficient visual marker system plays a critical role in addressing these challenges.Recent studies demonstrated that the GmW1 and RUBY reporter systems were used to obtain visual transgenic soybean(Glycine max) plants(Chen L et al.2023;Chen et al.2024).展开更多
Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the fo...Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the formation of collisionless shock waves,deceleration of accretion flows,and evolution of solar and stellar flares.This work presents the first direct experimental observations of stagnation and redirection of counterstreaming flows(jets)of laser plasma induced by intense laser pulses with intensity I~2×10^(18) W/cm^(2).Hybrid particlein-cell-fluid modeling,which takes into account the kinetic effects of ion motion and the evolution of the pressure tensor for electrons,demonstrates the compression of counterdirected toroidal self-generated magnetic fields embedded in counterstreaming plasma flows.The enhancement of the toroidal magnetic field in the interaction region results in plasma flow stagnation and redirection of the jets across the line of their initial propagation.展开更多
Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistan...Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistance to salt stress.In this study,we used corn steep liquor(CSL),myo-inositol(MI),and their combination to improve salt tolerance in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)under salt stress conditions.All three treatments significantly increased plant biomass and nutrient uptake,and improved soil physicochemical properties,while alleviating oxidative damage and ion toxicity.展开更多
Due to the lack of accurate data and complex parameterization,the prediction of groundwater depth is a chal-lenge for numerical models.Machine learning can effectively solve this issue and has been proven useful in th...Due to the lack of accurate data and complex parameterization,the prediction of groundwater depth is a chal-lenge for numerical models.Machine learning can effectively solve this issue and has been proven useful in the prediction of groundwater depth in many areas.In this study,two new models are applied to the prediction of groundwater depth in the Ningxia area,China.The two models combine the improved dung beetle optimizer(DBO)algorithm with two deep learning models:The Multi-head Attention-Convolution Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory networks(MH-CNN-LSTM)and the Multi-head Attention-Convolution Neural Network-Gated Recurrent Unit(MH-CNN-GRU).The models with DBO show better prediction performance,with larger R(correlation coefficient),RPD(residual prediction deviation),and lower RMSE(root-mean-square error).Com-pared with the models with the original DBO,the R and RPD of models with the improved DBO increase by over 1.5%,and the RMSE decreases by over 1.8%,indicating better prediction results.In addition,compared with the multiple linear regression model,a traditional statistical model,deep learning models have better prediction performance.展开更多
Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vi...Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.展开更多
Introducing B2 ordering can effectively improve the mechanical properties of lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys(LRHEAs).However,(Zr,Al)-enriched B2 precipitates generally reduce the ductility because their ord...Introducing B2 ordering can effectively improve the mechanical properties of lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys(LRHEAs).However,(Zr,Al)-enriched B2 precipitates generally reduce the ductility because their ordering characteristic is destroyed after dislocation shearing.Meanwhile,the local chemical order(LCO)cannot provide an adequate strengthening effect due to its small size.展开更多
Carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) mineralization technology has attracted significant attention, due tothe synergistic terminal treatment of CO_(2) and industrial waste. The combined CO_(2) mineralizationprocess with steel ente...Carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) mineralization technology has attracted significant attention, due tothe synergistic terminal treatment of CO_(2) and industrial waste. The combined CO_(2) mineralizationprocess with steel enterprises is a promising route to simultaneously address CO_(2)emissions and SS treatment. Recently, a serial of the relevant work focus on a single type ofsteel slag (SS), and the understanding of CO_(2) absorption by mineralization of various SS isvery lacking.Meanwhile, it is urgent requirement for systematic summary and discussion onhow to make full use of the mineralized products produced after the mineralization of CO_(2)in SS. This review aims to investigate the progress of CO_(2) mineralization using SS, includingthe potential applications of mineralization products, as well as the environmental impactand risk assessment ofmineralization product applications. Currently, the application of SSmineralization products is primarily focused on their use as construction materials with loweconomic value. With usage of the mineralization products for ecological restoration (e.g.sandy soil remediation) was treated as an advanced route, but still remaining challenge infunctional materials preparation, and its technical economy and possible hazards need tobe further explored by long-term experimental tests.展开更多
Accurate short-term wind power forecast technique plays a crucial role in maintaining the safety and economic efficiency of smart grids.Although numerous studies have employed various methods to forecast wind power,th...Accurate short-term wind power forecast technique plays a crucial role in maintaining the safety and economic efficiency of smart grids.Although numerous studies have employed various methods to forecast wind power,there remains a research gap in leveraging swarm intelligence algorithms to optimize the hyperparameters of the Transformer model for wind power prediction.To improve the accuracy of short-term wind power forecast,this paper proposes a hybrid short-term wind power forecast approach named STL-IAOA-iTransformer,which is based on seasonal and trend decomposition using LOESS(STL)and iTransformer model optimized by improved arithmetic optimization algorithm(IAOA).First,to fully extract the power data features,STL is used to decompose the original data into components with less redundant information.The extracted components as well as the weather data are then input into iTransformer for short-term wind power forecast.The final predicted short-term wind power curve is obtained by combining the predicted components.To improve the model accuracy,IAOA is employed to optimize the hyperparameters of iTransformer.The proposed approach is validated using real-generation data from different seasons and different power stations inNorthwest China,and ablation experiments have been conducted.Furthermore,to validate the superiority of the proposed approach under different wind characteristics,real power generation data fromsouthwestChina are utilized for experiments.Thecomparative results with the other six state-of-the-art prediction models in experiments show that the proposed model well fits the true value of generation series and achieves high prediction accuracy.展开更多
1.Introduction The strength of metallic materials can be ameliorated by introducing boundaries,precipitates,or defects as obstacles to dislocation movement[1].However,high strength is generally obtained at the sacrifi...1.Introduction The strength of metallic materials can be ameliorated by introducing boundaries,precipitates,or defects as obstacles to dislocation movement[1].However,high strength is generally obtained at the sacrifice of plastic deformation capability[2].Lately,many strategies have been proposed to improve the comprehensive properties of materials,among which manipulating stacking fault energy(SFE)is effective[3–5].展开更多
Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction ...Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction harvests light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH through an electron transport chain,and as well as giving out O_(2);dark reaction fixes CO_(2) into six carbon sugars by utilizing NADPH and energy from ATP.Subsequently,plants convert optical energy into chemical energy for maintaining growth and development through absorbing light energy.Here,firstly,we highlighted the biological importance of photosynthesis,and hormones and metabolites,photosynthetic and regulating enzymes,and signaling components that collectively regulate photosynthesis in tomato.Next,we reviewed the advances in tomato photosynthesis,including two aspects of genetic basis and genetic improvement.Numerous genes regulating tomato photosynthesis are gradually uncovered,and the interaction network among those genes remains to be constructed.Finally,the photosynthesis occurring in fruit of tomato and the relationship between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit were discussed.Leaves and fruits are photosynthate sources and sinks of tomato respectively,and interaction between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit exists.Additionally,future perspectives that needs to be addressed on tomato photosynthesis were proposed.展开更多
Owing to the outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been widely studied by academic organizations and industry corporations,with great potential to become the ne...Owing to the outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been widely studied by academic organizations and industry corporations,with great potential to become the next-generation commercial solar cells.However,critical challenges remain in preserving high efficiency practical large-scale commercialized PSCs:a)the long-term stability of the cell materials and devices,b)lead leakage,and c)methods to scale the cells for larger area applications.This paper summarizes the prior-art strategies to address the above challenges,including the latest studies on the traditional glass-glass and thin-film encapsulation methods to better improve the reliability of PSCs,new technologies for preventing lead leakage,and geometric improvement strategies to enhance the reliability,efficiency,and performance of perovskite solar modules(PSMs).Through these strategies,the device achieved enhanced performance in long-term stability tests.The encapsulation resulted in a high lead leakage inhibition rate of up to 99%,and the PSMs possessed a geometric fill factor of 99.6%and a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 20.7%.The dramatic improvement of efficiency and reliability of perovskite solar cells and modules indicate the great potential for mass production and commer-cialization of perovskite solar applications in the near future.展开更多
This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main cr...This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main criterion to assess the quality and effectiveness of the proposed solutions,as this test was performed to measure the strength of the stabilized clay by varying binders’dosages and curing times.Moreover,the direct shear test(DST)was used to investigate the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the treated soil.Microstructure observations of the natural and treated soil were conducted using scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and FTIR.Furthermore,toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)tests were performed on the treated soil to investigate the leachability of metals.According to the results,using 2.5%of sewage sludge activated by NaOH and Na_(2)SiO_(3)increases the UCS values from 176 kPa to 1.46 MPa after 7 d and 56 d of curing,respectively.The results of the DST indicate that sewage sludge as a precursor increases cohesion and enhances frictional resistance,thereby improving the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the stabilized soil.The SEM micrographs show that alkali-activated sewage sludge increases the integrity and reduces the cavity volumes in the stabilized soil.Moreover,TCLP tests revealed that the solubility of metals in the treated soil alkaliactivated by sewage sludge significantly decreased.This study suggests that using sewage sludge can replace cement and lime in ground improvement,improve the circular economy,and reduce the carbon footprint of construction projects.展开更多
文摘The International Standardization Youth Star Competition is held for three consecutive years.We have witnessed continuous improvement in the competition each year,which is a result of our collective efforts.
文摘Introduction:The choice is no longer whether—but when and how!Today,organizations can no longer choose whether or not to engage with stakeholders;the only real decision is when and how to do it successfully.Engaging stakeholders is essential for any type of organization,public,private,or civil society.In fact,it is a fundamental part of effective governance,continuous improvement,and social responsibility.The principle behind stakeholder engagement is simple yet powerful:those who can influence or be affected by an organization's mission must be given the opportunity to express their views and contribute to shaping the decisions that impact them.
文摘Many reviewers contributed their insights and advice to the International Journal of Nursing Sciences in 2025,along with suggestions for improving manuscripts that were submitted for publication.These peer reviewers,listed below,have generously given their time and wisdom.The editorial team is grateful to all colleagues who have participated in this worthwhile endeavour.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04071)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1000600)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272084,32372089,and 31971887).
文摘Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to climate change.Wild relatives of wheat serve as a vital reservoir of genetic diversity,offering traits thatenhance its resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.Over recent decades,remarkable progress has been made in utilizing superior genes from wild relatives to bolster wheat's defenses against diseases and pests,though the exploration of genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance has lagged behind.In this review,we summarize key advancements in the utilization of wild relatives for wheat enhancement over the past century,emphasizing both theoretical and technological innovations.Furthermore,we evaluate the potential contributions of wild relatives to address production challenges posed by climate change.We also explore strategies for isolating superior genes and developing prebreeding germplasm to support the future development of climate-resilient wheat varieties.
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.2024AFB917).
文摘As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a crucial role in rice growth and development,stress response,and hormone signal transduction.This review discusses the role of WRKY53 in stress response,focusing on its functions in cold tolerance,salt tolerance,disease resistance,and pest defense,and explores its role in regulating rice leaf senescence and seed germination.This article also proposes future research directions,including functional genomics studies,protein interaction network analyses,hormone signal transduction pathways,genetic improvement strategies,applications of gene editing technologies,molecular basis of stress responses,cross-species functional conservation,and bioinformatics and comparative genomics research.This review highlights the importance of WRKY53 in rice biology and provides new perspectives and strategies for future research and genetic improvement of rice.
基金supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(No.XDB0760102),the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFF0802501)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Maintenance and Transformation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan-Phospherus Project(No.23YF1426200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFE0212200).
文摘In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.
文摘[Objectives]To assess the effects of endophytic bacteria on the growth,antioxidant responses,and the production of key secondary metabolites in Emilia prenanthoidea DC.[Methods]Three endophytic strains(H1,H2,L1)were inoculated onto tissue-cultured seedlings and cultivated for 20 d under greenhouse conditions.Growth traits,reactive oxygen species(ROS)indicators,antioxidant enzyme activities,and the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey s test.[Results]Bacterial inoculation significantly enhanced plant performance.Treatment H2 increased plant height by 27%,chlorophyll content by 73%,and fresh weight by 31%.Levels of ROS(O^(-)_(2),H_(2)O_(2))and MDA decreased markedly,whereas the activities of POD and CAT increased.Additionally,the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin increased by up to 67%and 64%,respectively,with both H2 and L1 treatments showing the most pronounced effects.[Conclusions]Endophytic bacteria markedly improve growth,redox balance,and phenolic accumulation in E.prenanthoidea.Strain H2 represents a promising bioinoculant for improving the medicinal quality of this species.
基金supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Development Program,China (20240602032RC)the Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (CXGC2024ZD001)+1 种基金the Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (CXGC2024ZY012)the Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission-Project for Improving the Independent Innovation Capacity of Major Grain Crops,China (2024C002)。
文摘Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).However,the detection and screening of transgenic lines remain major bottlenecks,being time-consuming,labor-intensive,and inefficient during transformation and subsequent mutation identification.A simple and efficient visual marker system plays a critical role in addressing these challenges.Recent studies demonstrated that the GmW1 and RUBY reporter systems were used to obtain visual transgenic soybean(Glycine max) plants(Chen L et al.2023;Chen et al.2024).
基金supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant No.24-62-00032.
文摘Experiments with interacting high-velocity flows in a laser plasma can help answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and improve understanding of the mechanisms behind some astrophysical phenomena,such as the formation of collisionless shock waves,deceleration of accretion flows,and evolution of solar and stellar flares.This work presents the first direct experimental observations of stagnation and redirection of counterstreaming flows(jets)of laser plasma induced by intense laser pulses with intensity I~2×10^(18) W/cm^(2).Hybrid particlein-cell-fluid modeling,which takes into account the kinetic effects of ion motion and the evolution of the pressure tensor for electrons,demonstrates the compression of counterdirected toroidal self-generated magnetic fields embedded in counterstreaming plasma flows.The enhancement of the toroidal magnetic field in the interaction region results in plasma flow stagnation and redirection of the jets across the line of their initial propagation.
基金supported by the sub-project“Research and Application of In-Situ Value-Added Water-Soluble Fertilizer Application Technology”(Grant No.2023YFD1700204-3)under the 14th Five-Year National Key R&D Program Project“Development and Industrialization of Novel Green Value-Added Fertilizers”.
文摘Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistance to salt stress.In this study,we used corn steep liquor(CSL),myo-inositol(MI),and their combination to improve salt tolerance in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)under salt stress conditions.All three treatments significantly increased plant biomass and nutrient uptake,and improved soil physicochemical properties,while alleviating oxidative damage and ion toxicity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 42088101 and 42375048]。
文摘Due to the lack of accurate data and complex parameterization,the prediction of groundwater depth is a chal-lenge for numerical models.Machine learning can effectively solve this issue and has been proven useful in the prediction of groundwater depth in many areas.In this study,two new models are applied to the prediction of groundwater depth in the Ningxia area,China.The two models combine the improved dung beetle optimizer(DBO)algorithm with two deep learning models:The Multi-head Attention-Convolution Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory networks(MH-CNN-LSTM)and the Multi-head Attention-Convolution Neural Network-Gated Recurrent Unit(MH-CNN-GRU).The models with DBO show better prediction performance,with larger R(correlation coefficient),RPD(residual prediction deviation),and lower RMSE(root-mean-square error).Com-pared with the models with the original DBO,the R and RPD of models with the improved DBO increase by over 1.5%,and the RMSE decreases by over 1.8%,indicating better prediction results.In addition,compared with the multiple linear regression model,a traditional statistical model,deep learning models have better prediction performance.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41962016)the Natural Science Foundation of NingXia(Nos.2023AAC02023,2023A1218,and 2021AAC02006).
文摘Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171166 and U20A20231)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2024JJ2060 and 2024JJ5406)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Materials in Dynamic Extremes of Sichuan Province(No.2023SCKT1102)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of National University of Defense Technology(No.XJJC2024065).
文摘Introducing B2 ordering can effectively improve the mechanical properties of lightweight refractory high-entropy alloys(LRHEAs).However,(Zr,Al)-enriched B2 precipitates generally reduce the ductility because their ordering characteristic is destroyed after dislocation shearing.Meanwhile,the local chemical order(LCO)cannot provide an adequate strengthening effect due to its small size.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2023YFC3707101 and 2023YFF0614301)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(No.2023Z02JMP001)the Linghang Project of School of Environment(No.025108011).
文摘Carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) mineralization technology has attracted significant attention, due tothe synergistic terminal treatment of CO_(2) and industrial waste. The combined CO_(2) mineralizationprocess with steel enterprises is a promising route to simultaneously address CO_(2)emissions and SS treatment. Recently, a serial of the relevant work focus on a single type ofsteel slag (SS), and the understanding of CO_(2) absorption by mineralization of various SS isvery lacking.Meanwhile, it is urgent requirement for systematic summary and discussion onhow to make full use of the mineralized products produced after the mineralization of CO_(2)in SS. This review aims to investigate the progress of CO_(2) mineralization using SS, includingthe potential applications of mineralization products, as well as the environmental impactand risk assessment ofmineralization product applications. Currently, the application of SSmineralization products is primarily focused on their use as construction materials with loweconomic value. With usage of the mineralization products for ecological restoration (e.g.sandy soil remediation) was treated as an advanced route, but still remaining challenge infunctional materials preparation, and its technical economy and possible hazards need tobe further explored by long-term experimental tests.
基金supported by Yunnan Provincial Basic Research Project(202401AT070344,202301AT070443)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62263014,52207105)+1 种基金Yunnan Lancang-Mekong International Electric Power Technology Joint Laboratory(202203AP140001)Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(202402AG050006).
文摘Accurate short-term wind power forecast technique plays a crucial role in maintaining the safety and economic efficiency of smart grids.Although numerous studies have employed various methods to forecast wind power,there remains a research gap in leveraging swarm intelligence algorithms to optimize the hyperparameters of the Transformer model for wind power prediction.To improve the accuracy of short-term wind power forecast,this paper proposes a hybrid short-term wind power forecast approach named STL-IAOA-iTransformer,which is based on seasonal and trend decomposition using LOESS(STL)and iTransformer model optimized by improved arithmetic optimization algorithm(IAOA).First,to fully extract the power data features,STL is used to decompose the original data into components with less redundant information.The extracted components as well as the weather data are then input into iTransformer for short-term wind power forecast.The final predicted short-term wind power curve is obtained by combining the predicted components.To improve the model accuracy,IAOA is employed to optimize the hyperparameters of iTransformer.The proposed approach is validated using real-generation data from different seasons and different power stations inNorthwest China,and ablation experiments have been conducted.Furthermore,to validate the superiority of the proposed approach under different wind characteristics,real power generation data fromsouthwestChina are utilized for experiments.Thecomparative results with the other six state-of-the-art prediction models in experiments show that the proposed model well fits the true value of generation series and achieves high prediction accuracy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant No.52371100.
文摘1.Introduction The strength of metallic materials can be ameliorated by introducing boundaries,precipitates,or defects as obstacles to dislocation movement[1].However,high strength is generally obtained at the sacrifice of plastic deformation capability[2].Lately,many strategies have been proposed to improve the comprehensive properties of materials,among which manipulating stacking fault energy(SFE)is effective[3–5].
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research&Development Plan(Grants Nos.2022YFF10030022022YFD1200502)+7 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.3237269631991182)Wuhan Biological Breeding Major Project(Grant No.2022021302024852)Key Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021hszd007)HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund(Grant No.SZYJY2023022)Funds for High Quality Development of Hubei Seed Industry(HBZY2023B004)Hubei Agriculture Research System(2023HBSTX4-06)Hubei Key Research&Development Plan(Grants Nos.2022BBA0066,2022BBA0062)。
文摘Photosynthesis is one the most important chemical reaction in plants,and it is the ultimate energy source of any living organisms.The light and dark reactions are two essential phases of photosynthesis.Light reaction harvests light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH through an electron transport chain,and as well as giving out O_(2);dark reaction fixes CO_(2) into six carbon sugars by utilizing NADPH and energy from ATP.Subsequently,plants convert optical energy into chemical energy for maintaining growth and development through absorbing light energy.Here,firstly,we highlighted the biological importance of photosynthesis,and hormones and metabolites,photosynthetic and regulating enzymes,and signaling components that collectively regulate photosynthesis in tomato.Next,we reviewed the advances in tomato photosynthesis,including two aspects of genetic basis and genetic improvement.Numerous genes regulating tomato photosynthesis are gradually uncovered,and the interaction network among those genes remains to be constructed.Finally,the photosynthesis occurring in fruit of tomato and the relationship between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit were discussed.Leaves and fruits are photosynthate sources and sinks of tomato respectively,and interaction between photosynthesis in leaf and fruit exists.Additionally,future perspectives that needs to be addressed on tomato photosynthesis were proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62404041)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20230830).
文摘Owing to the outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been widely studied by academic organizations and industry corporations,with great potential to become the next-generation commercial solar cells.However,critical challenges remain in preserving high efficiency practical large-scale commercialized PSCs:a)the long-term stability of the cell materials and devices,b)lead leakage,and c)methods to scale the cells for larger area applications.This paper summarizes the prior-art strategies to address the above challenges,including the latest studies on the traditional glass-glass and thin-film encapsulation methods to better improve the reliability of PSCs,new technologies for preventing lead leakage,and geometric improvement strategies to enhance the reliability,efficiency,and performance of perovskite solar modules(PSMs).Through these strategies,the device achieved enhanced performance in long-term stability tests.The encapsulation resulted in a high lead leakage inhibition rate of up to 99%,and the PSMs possessed a geometric fill factor of 99.6%and a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 20.7%.The dramatic improvement of efficiency and reliability of perovskite solar cells and modules indicate the great potential for mass production and commer-cialization of perovskite solar applications in the near future.
文摘This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main criterion to assess the quality and effectiveness of the proposed solutions,as this test was performed to measure the strength of the stabilized clay by varying binders’dosages and curing times.Moreover,the direct shear test(DST)was used to investigate the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the treated soil.Microstructure observations of the natural and treated soil were conducted using scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and FTIR.Furthermore,toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)tests were performed on the treated soil to investigate the leachability of metals.According to the results,using 2.5%of sewage sludge activated by NaOH and Na_(2)SiO_(3)increases the UCS values from 176 kPa to 1.46 MPa after 7 d and 56 d of curing,respectively.The results of the DST indicate that sewage sludge as a precursor increases cohesion and enhances frictional resistance,thereby improving the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the stabilized soil.The SEM micrographs show that alkali-activated sewage sludge increases the integrity and reduces the cavity volumes in the stabilized soil.Moreover,TCLP tests revealed that the solubility of metals in the treated soil alkaliactivated by sewage sludge significantly decreased.This study suggests that using sewage sludge can replace cement and lime in ground improvement,improve the circular economy,and reduce the carbon footprint of construction projects.
