2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl bromide reacted with carboxylic acids in the presence of CaH_2 and Ag_2CO_3 and small amount of I_2 to give good yields of l-O-acyl-β-D- galactopyranose tetraaeetates.β-A...2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl bromide reacted with carboxylic acids in the presence of CaH_2 and Ag_2CO_3 and small amount of I_2 to give good yields of l-O-acyl-β-D- galactopyranose tetraaeetates.β-Anomers of glycosyl esters were obtained by this improved Koenigs-Knorr method.展开更多
Using traditional five-interferogram algorithm to unwrap phase for length measurement, the phase steps must be equal to π/2 exactly, but it is almost impossible to achieve in nanometer positioning technique. Aiming t...Using traditional five-interferogram algorithm to unwrap phase for length measurement, the phase steps must be equal to π/2 exactly, but it is almost impossible to achieve in nanometer positioning technique. Aiming to overcome this defect of traditional five-interferogram algorithm, an improved five-interferogram algorithm is presented. This improved algorithm not only keeps the high accuracy of traditional fiveinterferogram algorithm, but also does not need absolute equal step to unwrap phase. Instead, this algorithm only needs measuring phase-shifting. With the numerical simulation, the improved five-interferogram algorithm shows high accuracy, high reliability, and feasibility in practice. It is very valuable for accurate length measurement with Fizeau interferometer and Fabry-Perot interferometer.展开更多
The remote measurement of the vertical distribution of acoustical parameters of the sea bottom is an inverse method in acoustics. The existing methods can be divided into two types: the wave method and the ray method....The remote measurement of the vertical distribution of acoustical parameters of the sea bottom is an inverse method in acoustics. The existing methods can be divided into two types: the wave method and the ray method. The former usually does not apply to cases with discontinuity in acoustical parameter profiles[1] , whereas the latter usually ignores the contributions made by multiple reflections, resulting in the appearance of pseudo interfaces. However, under certain practical circumstances, the ray method can produce satisfactory results[2,3]. In this paper, at first we use the conception of equitime layer thickness to obtain the pulse response iteration method. The anti-interference capability of this method is poor. In order to improve this capability, we develope the sample iteration method and the sample-averaging iteration method. The sample-averaging iteration method introduces a way of statistical averaging, which can further improve the anti-interference capability.展开更多
Objective The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of clinical decision support(CDS)tool integration into primary care visits on depression screening and follow-up rates and to assess whether CDS use improves ...Objective The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of clinical decision support(CDS)tool integration into primary care visits on depression screening and follow-up rates and to assess whether CDS use improves adherence to Health Resources and Services Administration(HRSA)guidelines for depression screening and follow-up.Design This quality improvement evaluation study employed quantitative and qualitative components conducted in parallel to provide complementary insights.Modified Poisson regression with generalised estimating equation(GEE)was used to assess the association between CDS tool use and meeting HRSA criteria for depression screening and follow-up.In addition,semi-structured interviews explored perspectives on the implementation and utility of CDS tools.Setting This study was conducted at a federally qualified health centre in Minnesota.Participant The dataset included 12338 patient encounters attributed to 8647 unique patients,covering 2 years of data.Five care providers were recruited through purposive sampling for the semi-structured interviews.Result CDS use was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of meeting HRSA depression screening and follow-up criteria(relative risk 1.44,95%CI 1.34 to 1.55;p<0.001).Qualitative findings suggested that while providers found CDS tools useful,workflow challenges and human-centred practices shaped their effectiveness.Conclusion Integrating CDS tools into primary care workflows can enhance adherence to depression screening and follow-up guidelines.However,their effectiveness relies on supportive person-centred approaches,including collaboration and previsit preparation.These findings highlight the need for a balanced approach that integrates technological interventions with human interaction to enhance clinical practices.Future research should investigate how CDS tools are used in practice,address barriers to their adoption and develop strategies to promote their broader use while fostering continued learning among providers.展开更多
Guiding college students to acquire an adequate vocabularyis an important task that is often neglected. The morevocabulary hat is mastered, the higher level a learner of Englishwill have. But in China, the traditional...Guiding college students to acquire an adequate vocabularyis an important task that is often neglected. The morevocabulary hat is mastered, the higher level a learner of Englishwill have. But in China, the traditional method of teachingvocabulary is learning by rote, and learners of foreign languagesare inclined to learn as much vocabulary as possible this wayregardless of whether these vocabulary is useful or not. Indeed,there are some disadvantageous factors hindering the studentsfrom expanding vocabulary rapidly and efficiently. We have todevelop a scientific method of teaching vocabulary exploringmethods of which is the key to this article.展开更多
Background Delays in first case on-time starts(FCOTS)can lead to inefficiencies in the operating room(OR),dissatisfaction among patients with their providers and staff,and increased facility costs.While the literature...Background Delays in first case on-time starts(FCOTS)can lead to inefficiencies in the operating room(OR),dissatisfaction among patients with their providers and staff,and increased facility costs.While the literature has established standards for improving main OR efficiency,further research is needed in labour and delivery(L&D)units.Therefore,we aimed to identify the barriers to ontime case starts in L&D ORs and to develop interventions to reduce OR case delays.Methods This quality improvement study was conducted at a safety-net hospital,where the average FCOTS was 12%before our initiative.Starting in November 2022,a multidisciplinary team was formed,including representatives from quality,obstetrics,anaesthesiology,nursing and scheduling.We developed failure modes and effects analysis,process mapping and interventions using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Model for Improvement,testing them through rapid Plan-Do-StudyAct cycles.We used Montgomery rules with statistical process control charts to measure statistically significant changes in both outcome and process measures.Results Contributors to the delays at the patient,provider and systems levels were identified.Interventions targeting structure,process,team members and patient engagement were implemented from December 2022 through December 2023.A 41%increase in the average percentage of on-time first cases compared with the baseline(12%)was observed,based on data collected from August 2022 through November 2022 to postintervention(53%),and this improvement was sustained for 4 months.Additionally,a 69%decrease in the average case delay in minutes from baseline(178 min)was noted 6 months after project initiation(55 min).Conclusions Interventions at the patient,provider and systems levels were identified and implemented,effectively increasing OR on-time case starts on L&D.These can be used in other L&D units to improve FCOTS.展开更多
In this work, a bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework （ZIF） CoZn-ZIF was synthesized via a facile sol-vothermal approach and applied in lithiumion batteries. The as-prepared CoZn-ZIF shows a high reversible capa...In this work, a bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework （ZIF） CoZn-ZIF was synthesized via a facile sol-vothermal approach and applied in lithiumion batteries. The as-prepared CoZn-ZIF shows a high reversible capacity of 605.8 mA b g-i at a current density of 100 mA g^-1, far beyond the performance of the corresponding monometallic Co-ZIF- 67 and Zn-ZIF-8. Ex-situ synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques were employed to explore the Li^storage mechanism. The superior performance of CoZn-ZIF over Co-ZIF-67 and Zn-ZIF-8 could be mainly attributed to lithiation and delithiation of nitrogen atoms, accompanied by the breakage and recoordination of metal nitrogen bond. Morever, a few metal nitrogen bonds without recoordination will lead to the amorphization of CoZn-ZIF and the formation of few nitrogen radicals.展开更多
文摘2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl bromide reacted with carboxylic acids in the presence of CaH_2 and Ag_2CO_3 and small amount of I_2 to give good yields of l-O-acyl-β-D- galactopyranose tetraaeetates.β-Anomers of glycosyl esters were obtained by this improved Koenigs-Knorr method.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No.2002DEA20014.
文摘Using traditional five-interferogram algorithm to unwrap phase for length measurement, the phase steps must be equal to π/2 exactly, but it is almost impossible to achieve in nanometer positioning technique. Aiming to overcome this defect of traditional five-interferogram algorithm, an improved five-interferogram algorithm is presented. This improved algorithm not only keeps the high accuracy of traditional fiveinterferogram algorithm, but also does not need absolute equal step to unwrap phase. Instead, this algorithm only needs measuring phase-shifting. With the numerical simulation, the improved five-interferogram algorithm shows high accuracy, high reliability, and feasibility in practice. It is very valuable for accurate length measurement with Fizeau interferometer and Fabry-Perot interferometer.
文摘The remote measurement of the vertical distribution of acoustical parameters of the sea bottom is an inverse method in acoustics. The existing methods can be divided into two types: the wave method and the ray method. The former usually does not apply to cases with discontinuity in acoustical parameter profiles[1] , whereas the latter usually ignores the contributions made by multiple reflections, resulting in the appearance of pseudo interfaces. However, under certain practical circumstances, the ray method can produce satisfactory results[2,3]. In this paper, at first we use the conception of equitime layer thickness to obtain the pulse response iteration method. The anti-interference capability of this method is poor. In order to improve this capability, we develope the sample iteration method and the sample-averaging iteration method. The sample-averaging iteration method introduces a way of statistical averaging, which can further improve the anti-interference capability.
文摘Objective The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of clinical decision support(CDS)tool integration into primary care visits on depression screening and follow-up rates and to assess whether CDS use improves adherence to Health Resources and Services Administration(HRSA)guidelines for depression screening and follow-up.Design This quality improvement evaluation study employed quantitative and qualitative components conducted in parallel to provide complementary insights.Modified Poisson regression with generalised estimating equation(GEE)was used to assess the association between CDS tool use and meeting HRSA criteria for depression screening and follow-up.In addition,semi-structured interviews explored perspectives on the implementation and utility of CDS tools.Setting This study was conducted at a federally qualified health centre in Minnesota.Participant The dataset included 12338 patient encounters attributed to 8647 unique patients,covering 2 years of data.Five care providers were recruited through purposive sampling for the semi-structured interviews.Result CDS use was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of meeting HRSA depression screening and follow-up criteria(relative risk 1.44,95%CI 1.34 to 1.55;p<0.001).Qualitative findings suggested that while providers found CDS tools useful,workflow challenges and human-centred practices shaped their effectiveness.Conclusion Integrating CDS tools into primary care workflows can enhance adherence to depression screening and follow-up guidelines.However,their effectiveness relies on supportive person-centred approaches,including collaboration and previsit preparation.These findings highlight the need for a balanced approach that integrates technological interventions with human interaction to enhance clinical practices.Future research should investigate how CDS tools are used in practice,address barriers to their adoption and develop strategies to promote their broader use while fostering continued learning among providers.
文摘Guiding college students to acquire an adequate vocabularyis an important task that is often neglected. The morevocabulary hat is mastered, the higher level a learner of Englishwill have. But in China, the traditional method of teachingvocabulary is learning by rote, and learners of foreign languagesare inclined to learn as much vocabulary as possible this wayregardless of whether these vocabulary is useful or not. Indeed,there are some disadvantageous factors hindering the studentsfrom expanding vocabulary rapidly and efficiently. We have todevelop a scientific method of teaching vocabulary exploringmethods of which is the key to this article.
文摘Background Delays in first case on-time starts(FCOTS)can lead to inefficiencies in the operating room(OR),dissatisfaction among patients with their providers and staff,and increased facility costs.While the literature has established standards for improving main OR efficiency,further research is needed in labour and delivery(L&D)units.Therefore,we aimed to identify the barriers to ontime case starts in L&D ORs and to develop interventions to reduce OR case delays.Methods This quality improvement study was conducted at a safety-net hospital,where the average FCOTS was 12%before our initiative.Starting in November 2022,a multidisciplinary team was formed,including representatives from quality,obstetrics,anaesthesiology,nursing and scheduling.We developed failure modes and effects analysis,process mapping and interventions using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Model for Improvement,testing them through rapid Plan-Do-StudyAct cycles.We used Montgomery rules with statistical process control charts to measure statistically significant changes in both outcome and process measures.Results Contributors to the delays at the patient,provider and systems levels were identified.Interventions targeting structure,process,team members and patient engagement were implemented from December 2022 through December 2023.A 41%increase in the average percentage of on-time first cases compared with the baseline(12%)was observed,based on data collected from August 2022 through November 2022 to postintervention(53%),and this improvement was sustained for 4 months.Additionally,a 69%decrease in the average case delay in minutes from baseline(178 min)was noted 6 months after project initiation(55 min).Conclusions Interventions at the patient,provider and systems levels were identified and implemented,effectively increasing OR on-time case starts on L&D.These can be used in other L&D units to improve FCOTS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Excellent Young Scholars(21522303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21373086)+3 种基金the Basic Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(14JC1491000)the Large Instruments Open Foundation of East China Normal Universitythe National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB921800)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2014AA123401)
文摘In this work, a bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework （ZIF） CoZn-ZIF was synthesized via a facile sol-vothermal approach and applied in lithiumion batteries. The as-prepared CoZn-ZIF shows a high reversible capacity of 605.8 mA b g-i at a current density of 100 mA g^-1, far beyond the performance of the corresponding monometallic Co-ZIF- 67 and Zn-ZIF-8. Ex-situ synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques were employed to explore the Li^storage mechanism. The superior performance of CoZn-ZIF over Co-ZIF-67 and Zn-ZIF-8 could be mainly attributed to lithiation and delithiation of nitrogen atoms, accompanied by the breakage and recoordination of metal nitrogen bond. Morever, a few metal nitrogen bonds without recoordination will lead to the amorphization of CoZn-ZIF and the formation of few nitrogen radicals.
