With the support of the Academic Division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a task force headed by Prof. DUAN Xue, a CAS Member from Beijing University of Chemical Technology, has conducted studies on the developmen...With the support of the Academic Division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a task force headed by Prof. DUAN Xue, a CAS Member from Beijing University of Chemical Technology, has conducted studies on the development of safe plastics.展开更多
The current global economic and trade landscape is undergoing profound changes.Since the outbreak of the China-US trade friction in 2018,the United States has systematically promoted the“de-Sinicizat ion”strategy in...The current global economic and trade landscape is undergoing profound changes.Since the outbreak of the China-US trade friction in 2018,the United States has systematically promoted the“de-Sinicizat ion”strategy in the supply chain through measures such as imposing tariffs,exercising technology blockades,and setting up industrial subsidy barriers.Chinese products,including automot ive par ts and elect ronic equipment,have been significantly impacted.展开更多
This work presents a study on the use of cathodic protection as a measure against corrosion in pipelines.The cathodic protection,compliant with the API 5L standard,is implemented here by applying an impressed current,...This work presents a study on the use of cathodic protection as a measure against corrosion in pipelines.The cathodic protection,compliant with the API 5L standard,is implemented here by applying an impressed current,while carefully considering several essential variables,such as soil characteristics,the type and color of the pipeline material,as well as the placement and size of the anode.Therefore,it is crucial to optimize the location and values of anodic overflows or ground resistances to ensure a uniform distribution of potential across the entire structure.In this method,impressed current protection uses an auxiliary anode and an external direct current source to induce a current through the electrolyte and the pipeline,thus countering the resistance of the steel.This approach is advantageous as it allows for the adjustment of electrical characteristics,particularly current levels,to meet specific needs.The factors essential to the effectiveness of cathodic protection systems,which optimize the distribution of protection potential across the structure,largely depend on the precise management of ground resistances during anodic discharge,particularly the attenuation coefficient(α).These factors were studied,and the results obtained were presented and discussed based on their influence.展开更多
PROFESSOR Alena Douhan is a Special Rapporteur for the United Nations and a human rights lawyer.She visited China in May as part of her mandate to investigate the humanitarian consequences of the unilateral coercive m...PROFESSOR Alena Douhan is a Special Rapporteur for the United Nations and a human rights lawyer.She visited China in May as part of her mandate to investigate the humanitarian consequences of the unilateral coercive measures imposed on China.“Unilateral coercive measures”are what other people tend to call sanctions-or trade embargoes or punitive tariffs.During her visit,Professor Douhan met government officials,representatives of the legislative and judicial branches,members of the diplomatic community and academia,and stakeholders from business and non-governmental organisations.展开更多
(November 16-30, 1992) The UN Security Council imposed a mandatory arms embargo on Liberia, on November 19 in an effort to cut off weapons to rebel fighters battling West African peacekeepers in the wartorn country, T...(November 16-30, 1992) The UN Security Council imposed a mandatory arms embargo on Liberia, on November 19 in an effort to cut off weapons to rebel fighters battling West African peacekeepers in the wartorn country, The resolution,adopted by a 15-O unanimous vote, was the Council(?)s first step towards involvement in Liberia.展开更多
A Warsaw court granted Solidarity legal registration on April 17, ending a seven-year ban on the independent trade union imposed by the Polish Government. the court’s action came after the government reversed its pol...A Warsaw court granted Solidarity legal registration on April 17, ending a seven-year ban on the independent trade union imposed by the Polish Government. the court’s action came after the government reversed its policy toward the union following talks with the Opposition.展开更多
In stark contrast to some Third World countries where West-imposed democ-ratization triggered chaos, conflict and even civil war, the four-year demo-cratic transition in South Africa-begun with Nelson Mandela’s relea...In stark contrast to some Third World countries where West-imposed democ-ratization triggered chaos, conflict and even civil war, the four-year demo-cratic transition in South Africa-begun with Nelson Mandela’s release in Febu-rary 1990 and realized in the peaceful transfer of power through an all-race generalelection in April 1994-had been characterized by a combination of freedom strug-展开更多
Jnby by JNBY Children’s Collection The design concept by JNBY Children’s Collection is pure,nature and fun.The designer try to find a more free,more natural,and more real communication and thinking space,do not impo...Jnby by JNBY Children’s Collection The design concept by JNBY Children’s Collection is pure,nature and fun.The designer try to find a more free,more natural,and more real communication and thinking space,do not impose their fantasies and unrealized wished to their children,and don’t try to shape idealized children,instead,to give them a warm,peaceful and free life.展开更多
The US-led Western countries have imposed financial sanctions against Russia after the Russia-Ukraine crisis broke out in 2022.Since last year,the“weaponization of global public goods”suddenly appeared regularly in ...The US-led Western countries have imposed financial sanctions against Russia after the Russia-Ukraine crisis broke out in 2022.Since last year,the“weaponization of global public goods”suddenly appeared regularly in academic studies and media reports worldwide.The financial sanctions led by the US had a long history before the Ukraine crisis.For example,the United States has imposed various sanctions against Iraq,the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK),Iran and Russia for some time.Scant academic studies and media reports discussed the weaponization of global public goods before,and the reasons were that the scale of earlier financial sanctions was limited,and the influence of the sanctioned countries was also limited.Those sanctions did not directly threaten global public goods,so researchers have not lifted these issues to the level of weaponization of global public goods.展开更多
WATERCOLOR paintingcame to China from GreatBritain after the Britishgovernment had imposed the Yan-tan Treaty on the Qing regime in1871.As Britain and other imperi-alist powers set an consulates andchurches in the cit...WATERCOLOR paintingcame to China from GreatBritain after the Britishgovernment had imposed the Yan-tan Treaty on the Qing regime in1871.As Britain and other imperi-alist powers set an consulates andchurches in the city of Beihai,West-展开更多
I had begun in 1733 to study languages; I soon made myself so much a master of the French as to be able to read the books with ease. I then undertook the Italian. An acquaintance, who was also learning it, used often ...I had begun in 1733 to study languages; I soon made myself so much a master of the French as to be able to read the books with ease. I then undertook the Italian. An acquaintance, who was also learning it, used often to tempt me to play chess with him, Finding this took up too much of the time I had to spare for study, I at length refused to play any more, unless on this condition, that the victor in every game should have a right to impose a task, either in parts of the grammar to be got by heart, or in translations, etc., which tasks the vanquished was to perform upon honor before our next meeting. As we played展开更多
Internetwork environment at university has been improved to supply often the lecture materials to students through websites. Along with such a tendency, the number of students who use PC （Personal computer） has also...Internetwork environment at university has been improved to supply often the lecture materials to students through websites. Along with such a tendency, the number of students who use PC （Personal computer） has also increased during the lesson at university. Hereupon, the authors investigate whether the students will get high scores in tests when some limitations are imposed on the students＇ use of the PC during lecture and when they are not. The authors create the tool to check the students＇ learning situation and to grasp which student is performing the PC operations, which are not related to the ongoing lesson, during the lecture. Teaching assistant carrying the iPad is made to walk around the class during the lecture and collect data of the students. In addition, the authors develop ＂MyPage＂ that the students can be given access to their personal information including individual class absence/tardiness, lesson comprehension and question understanding level of them and after using MyPage, the authors examine its effectiveness as a tool and its relationship with their attendance rate.展开更多
By a State Council decision, effective on July 1, Chinais to impose specific duties on three import commodities including beer, and compound duties on two otherimport commodities including video player on an trial bas...By a State Council decision, effective on July 1, Chinais to impose specific duties on three import commodities including beer, and compound duties on two otherimport commodities including video player on an trial basis. As this is an unprecedented experiment in China, Office of the Customs Tariff Commission under the StateCouncil, and the Customs Tariff Department of the GeneralAdministration of Customs are carrying out public consultation on these trial policies. In order to give the public abetter idea concepts, characteristics and purposes of specific and compound duties, our reporter visited the officerin charge at Guangzhou Customs.展开更多
Open field system is the most important land farming system in the middle part of the Medieval England. It has the property of private property and common property right and exited for very long time. This article ana...Open field system is the most important land farming system in the middle part of the Medieval England. It has the property of private property and common property right and exited for very long time. This article analyzed how the open field system was replaced by the enclosure system from the perspective of institutional t transition. By carrying on the detailed investigation, it can provide certain enlightenments and references to deepen rural reform, especially promoting the reasonable transfer of rural land use rights in China.展开更多
Scientific and technological innovation(STI)imposes unique requirements on the culture of the society in which it occurs, and the scientific culture that nurtures innovation also provides internal drivers for the deve...Scientific and technological innovation(STI)imposes unique requirements on the culture of the society in which it occurs, and the scientific culture that nurtures innovation also provides internal drivers for the development of STI. As scientific culture gains importance in society, we need a vibrant scientific community and a society that embraces the spirit of science and supports and actively participates in STI in order to create a cultural foundation conductive to STI activities.展开更多
47% Year-on-year growth of the Cross-border RMB Index, an indicator of the currency＇s activities in cross-border and overseas transactions, in the first quarter
On October 10,China's Ministry of Transport announced a countermeasure to the U.S.Section 301 investigation:Starting October 14,it will impose special port service fees on U.S.vessels.This announcement signals the...On October 10,China's Ministry of Transport announced a countermeasure to the U.S.Section 301 investigation:Starting October 14,it will impose special port service fees on U.S.vessels.This announcement signals the U.S.-China rivalry in shipbuilding and maritime logistics has entered a new and more direct phase of competition.展开更多
Nonlinear feedback shift register(NFSR)is one of the most important cryptographic primitives in lightweight cryptography.At ASIACRYPT 2010,Knellwolf et al.proposed conditional differential attack to perform a cryptana...Nonlinear feedback shift register(NFSR)is one of the most important cryptographic primitives in lightweight cryptography.At ASIACRYPT 2010,Knellwolf et al.proposed conditional differential attack to perform a cryptanalysis on NFSR-based cryptosystems.The main idea of conditional differential attack is to restrain the propagation of the difference and obtain a detectable bias of the difference of the output bit.QUARK is a lightweight hash function family which is designed by Aumasson et al.at CHES 2010.Then the extended version of QUARK was published in Journal of Cryptology 2013.In this paper,we propose an improved conditional differential attack on QUARK.One improvement is that we propose a method to select the input difference.We could obtain a set of good input differences by this method.Another improvement is that we propose an automatic condition imposing algorithm to deal with the complicated conditions efficiently and easily.It is shown that with the improved conditional differential attack on QUARK,we can detect the bias of output difference at a higher round of QUARK.Compared to the current literature,we find a distinguisher of U-QUARK/D-QUARK/S-QUARK/C-QUARK up to 157/171/292/460 rounds with increasing 2/5/33/8 rounds respectively.We have performed the attacks on each instance of QUARK on a 3.30 GHz Intel Core i5 CPU,and all these attacks take practical complexities which have been fully verified by our experiments.As far as we know,all of these results have been the best thus far.展开更多
Standard generalised method of moments(GMM)estimation was developed for nonsingular system of moment conditions.However,many important economic models are characterised by singular system of moment conditions.This pap...Standard generalised method of moments(GMM)estimation was developed for nonsingular system of moment conditions.However,many important economic models are characterised by singular system of moment conditions.This paper shows that efficient GMM estimation of such models can be achieved by using the reflexive generalised inverses,in particular the Moore–Penrose generalised inverse,of the variance matrix of the sample moment conditions as the weighting matrix.We provide a consistent estimator of the optimal weighting matrix and establish its consistency.Potential issues of using generalised inverse and some remedies are also discussed.展开更多
文摘With the support of the Academic Division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a task force headed by Prof. DUAN Xue, a CAS Member from Beijing University of Chemical Technology, has conducted studies on the development of safe plastics.
文摘The current global economic and trade landscape is undergoing profound changes.Since the outbreak of the China-US trade friction in 2018,the United States has systematically promoted the“de-Sinicizat ion”strategy in the supply chain through measures such as imposing tariffs,exercising technology blockades,and setting up industrial subsidy barriers.Chinese products,including automot ive par ts and elect ronic equipment,have been significantly impacted.
文摘This work presents a study on the use of cathodic protection as a measure against corrosion in pipelines.The cathodic protection,compliant with the API 5L standard,is implemented here by applying an impressed current,while carefully considering several essential variables,such as soil characteristics,the type and color of the pipeline material,as well as the placement and size of the anode.Therefore,it is crucial to optimize the location and values of anodic overflows or ground resistances to ensure a uniform distribution of potential across the entire structure.In this method,impressed current protection uses an auxiliary anode and an external direct current source to induce a current through the electrolyte and the pipeline,thus countering the resistance of the steel.This approach is advantageous as it allows for the adjustment of electrical characteristics,particularly current levels,to meet specific needs.The factors essential to the effectiveness of cathodic protection systems,which optimize the distribution of protection potential across the structure,largely depend on the precise management of ground resistances during anodic discharge,particularly the attenuation coefficient(α).These factors were studied,and the results obtained were presented and discussed based on their influence.
文摘PROFESSOR Alena Douhan is a Special Rapporteur for the United Nations and a human rights lawyer.She visited China in May as part of her mandate to investigate the humanitarian consequences of the unilateral coercive measures imposed on China.“Unilateral coercive measures”are what other people tend to call sanctions-or trade embargoes or punitive tariffs.During her visit,Professor Douhan met government officials,representatives of the legislative and judicial branches,members of the diplomatic community and academia,and stakeholders from business and non-governmental organisations.
文摘(November 16-30, 1992) The UN Security Council imposed a mandatory arms embargo on Liberia, on November 19 in an effort to cut off weapons to rebel fighters battling West African peacekeepers in the wartorn country, The resolution,adopted by a 15-O unanimous vote, was the Council(?)s first step towards involvement in Liberia.
文摘A Warsaw court granted Solidarity legal registration on April 17, ending a seven-year ban on the independent trade union imposed by the Polish Government. the court’s action came after the government reversed its policy toward the union following talks with the Opposition.
文摘In stark contrast to some Third World countries where West-imposed democ-ratization triggered chaos, conflict and even civil war, the four-year demo-cratic transition in South Africa-begun with Nelson Mandela’s release in Febu-rary 1990 and realized in the peaceful transfer of power through an all-race generalelection in April 1994-had been characterized by a combination of freedom strug-
文摘Jnby by JNBY Children’s Collection The design concept by JNBY Children’s Collection is pure,nature and fun.The designer try to find a more free,more natural,and more real communication and thinking space,do not impose their fantasies and unrealized wished to their children,and don’t try to shape idealized children,instead,to give them a warm,peaceful and free life.
文摘The US-led Western countries have imposed financial sanctions against Russia after the Russia-Ukraine crisis broke out in 2022.Since last year,the“weaponization of global public goods”suddenly appeared regularly in academic studies and media reports worldwide.The financial sanctions led by the US had a long history before the Ukraine crisis.For example,the United States has imposed various sanctions against Iraq,the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK),Iran and Russia for some time.Scant academic studies and media reports discussed the weaponization of global public goods before,and the reasons were that the scale of earlier financial sanctions was limited,and the influence of the sanctioned countries was also limited.Those sanctions did not directly threaten global public goods,so researchers have not lifted these issues to the level of weaponization of global public goods.
文摘WATERCOLOR paintingcame to China from GreatBritain after the Britishgovernment had imposed the Yan-tan Treaty on the Qing regime in1871.As Britain and other imperi-alist powers set an consulates andchurches in the city of Beihai,West-
文摘I had begun in 1733 to study languages; I soon made myself so much a master of the French as to be able to read the books with ease. I then undertook the Italian. An acquaintance, who was also learning it, used often to tempt me to play chess with him, Finding this took up too much of the time I had to spare for study, I at length refused to play any more, unless on this condition, that the victor in every game should have a right to impose a task, either in parts of the grammar to be got by heart, or in translations, etc., which tasks the vanquished was to perform upon honor before our next meeting. As we played
文摘Internetwork environment at university has been improved to supply often the lecture materials to students through websites. Along with such a tendency, the number of students who use PC （Personal computer） has also increased during the lesson at university. Hereupon, the authors investigate whether the students will get high scores in tests when some limitations are imposed on the students＇ use of the PC during lecture and when they are not. The authors create the tool to check the students＇ learning situation and to grasp which student is performing the PC operations, which are not related to the ongoing lesson, during the lecture. Teaching assistant carrying the iPad is made to walk around the class during the lecture and collect data of the students. In addition, the authors develop ＂MyPage＂ that the students can be given access to their personal information including individual class absence/tardiness, lesson comprehension and question understanding level of them and after using MyPage, the authors examine its effectiveness as a tool and its relationship with their attendance rate.
文摘By a State Council decision, effective on July 1, Chinais to impose specific duties on three import commodities including beer, and compound duties on two otherimport commodities including video player on an trial basis. As this is an unprecedented experiment in China, Office of the Customs Tariff Commission under the StateCouncil, and the Customs Tariff Department of the GeneralAdministration of Customs are carrying out public consultation on these trial policies. In order to give the public abetter idea concepts, characteristics and purposes of specific and compound duties, our reporter visited the officerin charge at Guangzhou Customs.
文摘Open field system is the most important land farming system in the middle part of the Medieval England. It has the property of private property and common property right and exited for very long time. This article analyzed how the open field system was replaced by the enclosure system from the perspective of institutional t transition. By carrying on the detailed investigation, it can provide certain enlightenments and references to deepen rural reform, especially promoting the reasonable transfer of rural land use rights in China.
文摘Scientific and technological innovation(STI)imposes unique requirements on the culture of the society in which it occurs, and the scientific culture that nurtures innovation also provides internal drivers for the development of STI. As scientific culture gains importance in society, we need a vibrant scientific community and a society that embraces the spirit of science and supports and actively participates in STI in order to create a cultural foundation conductive to STI activities.
文摘47% Year-on-year growth of the Cross-border RMB Index, an indicator of the currency＇s activities in cross-border and overseas transactions, in the first quarter
文摘On October 10,China's Ministry of Transport announced a countermeasure to the U.S.Section 301 investigation:Starting October 14,it will impose special port service fees on U.S.vessels.This announcement signals the U.S.-China rivalry in shipbuilding and maritime logistics has entered a new and more direct phase of competition.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61872359,62122085 and 61936008)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1805402),and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Nonlinear feedback shift register(NFSR)is one of the most important cryptographic primitives in lightweight cryptography.At ASIACRYPT 2010,Knellwolf et al.proposed conditional differential attack to perform a cryptanalysis on NFSR-based cryptosystems.The main idea of conditional differential attack is to restrain the propagation of the difference and obtain a detectable bias of the difference of the output bit.QUARK is a lightweight hash function family which is designed by Aumasson et al.at CHES 2010.Then the extended version of QUARK was published in Journal of Cryptology 2013.In this paper,we propose an improved conditional differential attack on QUARK.One improvement is that we propose a method to select the input difference.We could obtain a set of good input differences by this method.Another improvement is that we propose an automatic condition imposing algorithm to deal with the complicated conditions efficiently and easily.It is shown that with the improved conditional differential attack on QUARK,we can detect the bias of output difference at a higher round of QUARK.Compared to the current literature,we find a distinguisher of U-QUARK/D-QUARK/S-QUARK/C-QUARK up to 157/171/292/460 rounds with increasing 2/5/33/8 rounds respectively.We have performed the attacks on each instance of QUARK on a 3.30 GHz Intel Core i5 CPU,and all these attacks take practical complexities which have been fully verified by our experiments.As far as we know,all of these results have been the best thus far.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC grant:71661137005,71473040 and 11571081).
文摘Standard generalised method of moments(GMM)estimation was developed for nonsingular system of moment conditions.However,many important economic models are characterised by singular system of moment conditions.This paper shows that efficient GMM estimation of such models can be achieved by using the reflexive generalised inverses,in particular the Moore–Penrose generalised inverse,of the variance matrix of the sample moment conditions as the weighting matrix.We provide a consistent estimator of the optimal weighting matrix and establish its consistency.Potential issues of using generalised inverse and some remedies are also discussed.
