Objective This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever(LF)in China.Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus(LASV)from this case offer valuable insights for the preven...Objective This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever(LF)in China.Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus(LASV)from this case offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of LF.Methods Samples of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),blood,urine,saliva,and environmental materials were collected from the patient and their close contacts for LASV nucleotide detection.Whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus.Results LASV was detected in the patient’s CSF,blood,and urine,while all samples from close contacts and the environment tested negative.The virus belongs to the lineage IV strain and shares the highest homology with strains from Sierra Leone.The variability in the glycoprotein complex(GPC)among different strains ranged from 3.9%to 15.1%,higher than previously reported for the seven known lineages.Amino acid mutation analysis revealed multiple mutations within the GPC immunogenic epitopes,increasing strain diversity and potentially impacting immune response.Conclusion The case was confirmed through nucleotide detection,with no evidence of secondary transmission or viral spread.The LASV strain identified belongs to lineage IV,with broader GPC variability than previously reported.Mutations in the immune-related sites of GPC may affect immune responses,necessitating heightened vigilance regarding the virus.展开更多
The World Health Organization declared Sri Lanka a malaria eliminated country in 2016[1-3].At present,the country is in the phase of preventing the re-establishment of malaria[4].However,travelers who contract the dis...The World Health Organization declared Sri Lanka a malaria eliminated country in 2016[1-3].At present,the country is in the phase of preventing the re-establishment of malaria[4].However,travelers who contract the disease overseas in malaria endemic countries continue to present a constant risk of re-establishing malaria in Sri Lanka,where malaria-transmitting mosquitos is prevalent.In this context,robust measures are being implemented in the country to prevent re-establishment of malaria and to stop travelers infected with malaria progressing into severe disease and death.展开更多
Lassa fever(LF)is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus(LASV)[1].LASV is transmitted to humans primarily through direct contact with infected Mastomys rodents,or items polluted by infected rodents[2...Lassa fever(LF)is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus(LASV)[1].LASV is transmitted to humans primarily through direct contact with infected Mastomys rodents,or items polluted by infected rodents[2].LF is difficult to diagnose without laboratory tests because of its various symptoms,ranging from no symptoms to multiple organ failure and death[2].West Africa is the traditionally endemic regions for LF,with confirmed and sporadic outbreaks reported in countries,such as Nigeria,Burkina Faso and Guinea[2].LF cases have also been detected in some non-endemic regions due to international travels[3,4],for example,the United Kingdom found LF imported cases from Mali[5].This indicates that the countries are exposed to imported risks of LF due to the globalization.The recent publication[6]reported the first imported cases of LF in China,providing important insights into the understanding and control of the emerging infectious disease.展开更多
The situation of intercepted alien pests from imported hides in Hebei during 2013-2014 was systematically analyzed. The results showed that 163 batches of alien pests were intercepted, including 2 batches of quarantin...The situation of intercepted alien pests from imported hides in Hebei during 2013-2014 was systematically analyzed. The results showed that 163 batches of alien pests were intercepted, including 2 batches of quarantine weeds and they both were Italian cocklebur. According to the statistics of original countries, the intercepted hides from 21 countries all had alien pests, in which Australia was the largest number of batches and species of alien pests. The analysis results showed that there was severe risk in the imported hides carrying alien pests, thus to effectively prevent the invasion of alien pests to our country, several quarantine measures should be taken in the future, such as enhancing the quarantine inspection in ports, and promoting the personnel ability of interception and species identification of alien pests.展开更多
An exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) strain SDAU09C1 was isolated in DF-1 cells from one of 240 imported 1-day-old white meat-type grand parent breeder chicks. Inoculation of SDAU09C1 in ALV-free chickens induced a...An exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) strain SDAU09C1 was isolated in DF-1 cells from one of 240 imported 1-day-old white meat-type grand parent breeder chicks. Inoculation of SDAU09C1 in ALV-free chickens induced antibody reactions specific to subgroup A or B. But gp85 amino acid sequence comparisons indicated that SDAU09C1 fell into subgroup A; it had homology of 88.8%-90.3% to 6 reference strains of subgroup A, much higher compared to other subgroups including subgroup B. This is the first report for ALV of subgroup A isolated from imported breeders.展开更多
Outbreak of a new emerging disease is usually an important consideration in medicine and public health. In December 2019, a new emerging disease started in China and becomes the global concern in early January 2020[1,...Outbreak of a new emerging disease is usually an important consideration in medicine and public health. In December 2019, a new emerging disease started in China and becomes the global concern in early January 2020[1,2]. The disease, 2019-novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection, already existed outside China and the importation of disease is the cause of emerging 2019-nCoV infections in new settings.展开更多
A tremendous amount of imported fresh fruits has been delivered to Shanghai markets, increasing the risk of invasion by harmful plant pathogens. Therefore, it is important to establish an effective detection and super...A tremendous amount of imported fresh fruits has been delivered to Shanghai markets, increasing the risk of invasion by harmful plant pathogens. Therefore, it is important to establish an effective detection and supervision system to survey the outbreak of the market diseases of the imported fruits during marketing. The samples were regularly surveyed in different markets to examine varieties, prices, localities, selling conditions, and diseases of the imported fruits from 2004 to 2008. The survey showed that 58 species of 30 different fruits were imported to Shanghai from 16 countries with more expensive price. The larger products were bananas, grapes, apples, and oranges. During the investigation, we found that the imported fruits frequently brought about the relatively serious market diseases. On the basis of morphology and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer （ITS） of ribosomal DNA （rDNA） analysis, 151 isolates of 15 fungi genera, which shown to be pathogenic after the inoculation assay, were finally identified. Among the identified fungi, Alternaria was the most frequent one with the highest detection rate （47.68%）, followed by Penicillium （14.57%） and Fusarium （11.92%）, respectively. Additionally, Pestalotiopsis microspora （detected in grapes Red-Globe coming from the USA） and Botrytis sp. （detected in black-plums coming from the USA） were first reported in China market. The present study summarized the selling situation of the imported fruits in Shanghai markets and constructed a library of the pathogens detected in the imported fruits during the selling period. The results obtained are useful to offer technical parameters for Chinese quarantine in order to prevent an invasion of the foreign harmful micro-organisms.展开更多
The red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren,poses a significant threat to biodiversity,agriculture,and public health in its introduced ranges.While chemicals such as toxic baits and dust are the main methods fo...The red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren,poses a significant threat to biodiversity,agriculture,and public health in its introduced ranges.While chemicals such as toxic baits and dust are the main methods for S.invicta control,toxic baits are slow,requiring approximately one or two weeks,but dust can eliminate the colony of fire ants rapidly in just three to five days.To explore more active ingredients for fire ant control using dusts,the toxicity of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin,the horizontal transfer of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin dust and their efficacy in the field were tested.The results showed that the LD50(lethal dose) values of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin were 3.40 and 1.57 ng/ant,respectively.The KT50(median knockdown time) and KT95(95%knockdown time) values of a 20μg mL^(–1)bifenthrin dose were 7.179and 16.611 min,respectively.The KT50and KT95of a 5μg mL^(–1)dimefluthrin dose were 1.538 and 2.825 min,respectively.The horizontal transfers of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin among workers were effective.The mortality of recipients (secondary mortality) and secondary recipients (tertiary mortality) were both over 80%at 48 h after 0.25,0.50 and 1.00%bifenthrin dust treatments.The secondary mortality of recipients was over 99%at 48 h after 0.25,0.50 and 1.00% dimefluthrin dust treatments,but the tertiary mortality was below 20%.The field trial results showed that both bifenthrin and dimefluthrin exhibited excellent fire ant control effects,and the comprehensive control effects of 1.00%bifenthrin and dimefluthrin dusts at 14 d post-treatment were 95.87 and 85.70%,respectively.展开更多
The red imported fire ant（RIFA, Solenopsis invicta）, a notorious invasive insect, has received considerable attention owing to its impacts on native biodiversity, agriculture, and human health. Under global warming,...The red imported fire ant（RIFA, Solenopsis invicta）, a notorious invasive insect, has received considerable attention owing to its impacts on native biodiversity, agriculture, and human health. Under global warming, the inhabitable area of the RIFA may be enlarged. However, few studies have focused on the potential range expansion of the RIFA in East Asia. Using a process-based physiological model, we simulated the potential range of the RIFA in China based on gridded temperature datasets for the current（2004–2012） and future（2090–2100） climates under Representative Concentration Pathway（RCP） 4.5 and RCP 8.5. It was found that the southeastern part of China（below 32°N） is suitable for RIFA proliferation. The present distribution area of the RIFA corresponds well with the potential range simulated by the model. In the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 warming scenarios, the inhabitable area of the RIFA along the northern boundary would on average extend 101.3±85.7（mean±SD） and 701.2±156.9 km, respectively, by the end of the 21 st century. Therefore, future climate change would significantly affect the inhabitable area of the RIFA. Our results provide the basis for local quarantine officials to curtail accidental introductions of this insect, especially in the certain and possible infestation zones.展开更多
Objective The scientific community knows little about the long-term influence of coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19) on olfactory dysfunction(OD). With the COVID-19 pandemic ongoing worldwide, the risk of imported cases...Objective The scientific community knows little about the long-term influence of coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19) on olfactory dysfunction(OD). With the COVID-19 pandemic ongoing worldwide, the risk of imported cases remains high. In China, it is necessary to understand OD in imported cases.Methods A prospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 11 self-reported patients with COVID-19 and OD from Xi’an No. 8 Hospital were followed between August 19, 2021, and December 12, 2021.Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiological findings, and treatment outcomes were analyzed at admission. We surveyed the patients via telephone for recurrence and sequelae at the1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up.Results Eleven patients with OD were enrolled;of these, 54.5%(6/11) had hyposmia and 45.5%(5/11)had anosmia. 63.6%(7/11) reported OD before or on the day of admission as their initial symptom;of these, 42.9%(3/7) described OD as the only symptom. All patients in the study received combined treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and 72.7%(8/11) had partially or fully recovered at discharge. In terms of OD recovery at the 12-month follow-up, 45.5%(5/11) reported at least one sequela, 81.8%(9/11) had recovered completely, 18.2%(2/11) had recovered partially, and there were no recurrent cases.Conclusions Our data revealed that OD frequently presented as the initial or even the only symptom among imported cases. Most OD improvements occurred in the first 2 weeks after onset, and patients with COVID-19 and OD had favorable treatment outcomes during long-term follow-up. A better understanding of the pathogenesis and appropriate treatment of OD is needed to guide clinicians in the care of these patients.展开更多
Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic disease of the Western hemisphere.The cases in non-endemic areas are mostly imported.Determining a history of exposure is critical for performing the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis,es...Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic disease of the Western hemisphere.The cases in non-endemic areas are mostly imported.Determining a history of exposure is critical for performing the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis,especially for cases occurring in a non-endemic area.In this study,a 71-year-old Chinese male presented to our hospital with chronic cough and malaise,and was found to have a mass in the middle lobe of right lung.He had been visiting Arizona,USA for four months before admission.Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis was confirmed by the results of histopathological examination after lobectomy.Typical microscopic features of Coccidioides are definitely diagnostic,but need be differentiated from other budding yeast infection or carcinoma histopathologically.展开更多
Dear Editor,Zika virus（ZIKV）is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that usually causes asymptomatic infections or mild illness in humans.However,the unprecedented epidemics of ZIKV in Latin America since early 2015 have mad...Dear Editor,Zika virus（ZIKV）is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that usually causes asymptomatic infections or mild illness in humans.However,the unprecedented epidemics of ZIKV in Latin America since early 2015 have made this flavivirus an international health risk（Liu and Zhang,2016）.展开更多
In the era of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,imported COVID-19 cases pose great challenges to many countries.Chest CT examination is considered to be complementary to nucleic acid test for COVID-19 detecti...In the era of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,imported COVID-19 cases pose great challenges to many countries.Chest CT examination is considered to be complementary to nucleic acid test for COVID-19 detection and diagnosis.Wie report the first community infected COVID-19 patient by an imported case in Beijing,which manifested as nodular lesions on chest CT imaging at the early stage.Deep Learning(DL)-based diagnostic systems quantitatively monitored the progress of pulmonary lesions in 6 days and timely made alert for suspected pneumonia,so that prompt medical isolation was taken.The patient was confirmed as COVID-19 case after nucleic acid test,for which the community transmission was prevented timely.The roles of DL-assisted diagnosis in helping radiologists screening suspected COVID cases were discussed.展开更多
The first imported Middle East respiratory syndrome （MERS） case in China was identified in May 2015. We determined the kinetics of antibody （IgG and IgM） and neutralizing antibodies against MERS-coronavirus （MERS...The first imported Middle East respiratory syndrome （MERS） case in China was identified in May 2015. We determined the kinetics of antibody （IgG and IgM） and neutralizing antibodies against MERS-coronavirus （MERS-CoV） in this case before discharge. Moreover, no seroconversion was found among 53 close contacts by anti-MERS IgG antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） of paired serum samples. These findings suggest that neither community nor nosocomial transmission of MERS-CoV occurred in China.展开更多
In the modern era, the Jewish-Americans were faced with challenges because of the assimilation and modernity environment in the US, and as a result, many of them were in a double bind—to be an assimilated American ci...In the modern era, the Jewish-Americans were faced with challenges because of the assimilation and modernity environment in the US, and as a result, many of them were in a double bind—to be an assimilated American citizen or to be a traditional Jew. With his work"The Imported Bridegroom", Abraham Cahan contemplated on the subject of Jewish immigration and assimilation and he made a ground-breaking contribution to the establishment of American modernity. This paper intends to analyze Cahan's attitudes towards assimilation and modernity and how he builds up modernity for all of the Americans. Three characters in"The Imported Bridegroom", who stand for three prototypes of modern Jewish-Americans confronting the overwhelming flood of assimilation and the duty for retaining their traditions, will be analyzed. Through the composition of this work, Cahan tried to spread the Jewish culture on the one hand, and on the other, he warned the peripheral that it was difficult to be assimilated without disasters even if they had made contribution to the formation of modernity.展开更多
While the spread of COVID-19 in China is under control,the pandemic is developing rapidly around the world.Due to the normal migration of population,China is facing the high risk from imported cases.The potential spec...While the spread of COVID-19 in China is under control,the pandemic is developing rapidly around the world.Due to the normal migration of population,China is facing the high risk from imported cases.The potential specific medicine and vaccine are still in the process of clinical trials.Currently,controlling the impact of imported cases is the key to prevent new outbreak of COVID-19 in China.In this paper,we propose two impulsive systems to describe the impact of multilateral imported cases of COVID-19.Based on the published data,we simulate and analyze the epidemic trends under different control strategies.In particular,we compare four different scenarios and show the corresponding medical burden.The results can be useful in designing appropriate control strategy for imported cases in practice.展开更多
The Mesoamerican Ministers of Health have set 2020 as the target for malaria elimination to be achieved in the region. Imported malaria cases are a potential threat to countries attempting elimination or working to pr...The Mesoamerican Ministers of Health have set 2020 as the target for malaria elimination to be achieved in the region. Imported malaria cases are a potential threat to countries attempting elimination or working to prevent resurgence. We report the first imported Plasmodium ovale infection with molecular confirmation in Central America, which occurred in a Guatemalan soldier that had been deployed in Africa. The obstacles for its diagnosis using the standard microscopy technique and the need to improve its detection are discussed.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of foreign-imported patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Chengdu City.Methods:A total of 290 foreign-imported patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and...Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of foreign-imported patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Chengdu City.Methods:A total of 290 foreign-imported patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and discharged from Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu were included in our study,they were divided into asymptomatic infection group(131 cases)and confirmed cases group(159 cases)in order to compare the epidemiology,clinical characteristics and laboratory tests between two groups.Multi-factor logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influence factors of becoming a dominant infection after infected with SARS-CoV-2.Results:Among the 290 cases aged from 2 months to 68 years old,83.4%were males,62.1%came from Asia,and 43.8%were complicated with fatty liver disease,the age group of 14-49 years old had the largest number(247 cases).80.5%confirmed case group cases were general type,there was only 1 severe patient.Hospital stays in asymptomatic infection group was shorter than that in confirmed cases group,lymphocyte count,CD4+T count,CD8+T count,CD4+T/CD8+T creatine kinase in two groups half a month after discharge were relatively lower than those on admission,and alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,albumin,lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase isoenzyme were relatively higher than those on admission(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that increased age,decreased lymphocyte count on admission and increased lactate dehydrogenase on admission were associated with dominant infection.Chest CT of 13 general type cases indicated an increase in lesions compared with that at discharge and 3 of them had re-detectable positive RNA test.Conclusion:The majority of foreign-imported cases in Chengdu are mainly from Asia,fewer of them are severe patients.In the early stage of recovery,some SARS-CoV-2 infected patients still have intermittent viral replication.Early isolation and early treatment of imported patients is not only conducive to epidemic prevention and control,but also may change the natural course of the disease.展开更多
Here we describe the case of a 4-mo-old female who died suddenly without any apparent cause that was initially mistaken as a case of sudden infant death syndrome. Histologic observation of brain sections revealed blue...Here we describe the case of a 4-mo-old female who died suddenly without any apparent cause that was initially mistaken as a case of sudden infant death syndrome. Histologic observation of brain sections revealed blue-black bodies in erythrocytes of the blood vessels, suggestive of specific stages of the hematic schizogonic cycle. Further examinations revealed hemozoin and hemosiderin deposits in the parenchyma of all organs, leading to the diagnosis of malaria by Plasmodium falciparum(P. falciparum). The death occurred in Italy, the native country of the infant, two weeks after a Christmas holiday spent in Pakistan, the parents' birthplace, which has a high malarial endemicity. As this case demonstrates, the diagnosis of malaria should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in subjects, including infants, that die unexpectedly after returning from P. falciparum endemic areas.展开更多
This study investigates the extent of the influence of imported fishmeal price changes on the market price of pisciculture products. To date, there have been only a few insufficient researches on this topic in Japan. ...This study investigates the extent of the influence of imported fishmeal price changes on the market price of pisciculture products. To date, there have been only a few insufficient researches on this topic in Japan. This paper aims to reveal the causality relationship between the market price of imported fishmeal and the market price of pisciculture products using the granger causality test, and to simulate the market price of pisciculture products using impulse response functions as the price of imported fishmeal increases. The results of the granger causality test and impulse response function analyses were as follows： （1） there is a market linkage from the price of imported fishmeal to the market price of sea bream, but no causality with the market price yellowtail; and （2） this has a positive impact on the market price of sea bream when the price of imported fishmeal changes. Moreover, spillover effects were noticed in this simple scenario （at a market price of 800 yen/kg and one unit shock of 1 yen） of about 3 yen/kg.展开更多
基金supported by Public Health Talent Training and Surport Plan(National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control)Research and application of new technology for rapid monitoring and tracing of emergent infectious diseases among entry-exit population(2024YFFK0056)Monitoring,Early warning and Response of Major Infectious Diseases(2022ZDZX0017).
文摘Objective This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever(LF)in China.Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus(LASV)from this case offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of LF.Methods Samples of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),blood,urine,saliva,and environmental materials were collected from the patient and their close contacts for LASV nucleotide detection.Whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus.Results LASV was detected in the patient’s CSF,blood,and urine,while all samples from close contacts and the environment tested negative.The virus belongs to the lineage IV strain and shares the highest homology with strains from Sierra Leone.The variability in the glycoprotein complex(GPC)among different strains ranged from 3.9%to 15.1%,higher than previously reported for the seven known lineages.Amino acid mutation analysis revealed multiple mutations within the GPC immunogenic epitopes,increasing strain diversity and potentially impacting immune response.Conclusion The case was confirmed through nucleotide detection,with no evidence of secondary transmission or viral spread.The LASV strain identified belongs to lineage IV,with broader GPC variability than previously reported.Mutations in the immune-related sites of GPC may affect immune responses,necessitating heightened vigilance regarding the virus.
文摘The World Health Organization declared Sri Lanka a malaria eliminated country in 2016[1-3].At present,the country is in the phase of preventing the re-establishment of malaria[4].However,travelers who contract the disease overseas in malaria endemic countries continue to present a constant risk of re-establishing malaria in Sri Lanka,where malaria-transmitting mosquitos is prevalent.In this context,robust measures are being implemented in the country to prevent re-establishment of malaria and to stop travelers infected with malaria progressing into severe disease and death.
文摘Lassa fever(LF)is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus(LASV)[1].LASV is transmitted to humans primarily through direct contact with infected Mastomys rodents,or items polluted by infected rodents[2].LF is difficult to diagnose without laboratory tests because of its various symptoms,ranging from no symptoms to multiple organ failure and death[2].West Africa is the traditionally endemic regions for LF,with confirmed and sporadic outbreaks reported in countries,such as Nigeria,Burkina Faso and Guinea[2].LF cases have also been detected in some non-endemic regions due to international travels[3,4],for example,the United Kingdom found LF imported cases from Mali[5].This indicates that the countries are exposed to imported risks of LF due to the globalization.The recent publication[6]reported the first imported cases of LF in China,providing important insights into the understanding and control of the emerging infectious disease.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Project of Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau(HE2013K030)~~
文摘The situation of intercepted alien pests from imported hides in Hebei during 2013-2014 was systematically analyzed. The results showed that 163 batches of alien pests were intercepted, including 2 batches of quarantine weeds and they both were Italian cocklebur. According to the statistics of original countries, the intercepted hides from 21 countries all had alien pests, in which Australia was the largest number of batches and species of alien pests. The analysis results showed that there was severe risk in the imported hides carrying alien pests, thus to effectively prevent the invasion of alien pests to our country, several quarantine measures should be taken in the future, such as enhancing the quarantine inspection in ports, and promoting the personnel ability of interception and species identification of alien pests.
基金supported by a grant from Shandong province and a grant (200803019) from the Ministry of Agriculturesupported by a grant from Shandong province and a grant (20080019) from the Ministry of Agriculture
文摘An exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) strain SDAU09C1 was isolated in DF-1 cells from one of 240 imported 1-day-old white meat-type grand parent breeder chicks. Inoculation of SDAU09C1 in ALV-free chickens induced antibody reactions specific to subgroup A or B. But gp85 amino acid sequence comparisons indicated that SDAU09C1 fell into subgroup A; it had homology of 88.8%-90.3% to 6 reference strains of subgroup A, much higher compared to other subgroups including subgroup B. This is the first report for ALV of subgroup A isolated from imported breeders.
文摘Outbreak of a new emerging disease is usually an important consideration in medicine and public health. In December 2019, a new emerging disease started in China and becomes the global concern in early January 2020[1,2]. The disease, 2019-novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection, already existed outside China and the importation of disease is the cause of emerging 2019-nCoV infections in new settings.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (30771505)the projects of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,China (07DZ12043)
文摘A tremendous amount of imported fresh fruits has been delivered to Shanghai markets, increasing the risk of invasion by harmful plant pathogens. Therefore, it is important to establish an effective detection and supervision system to survey the outbreak of the market diseases of the imported fruits during marketing. The samples were regularly surveyed in different markets to examine varieties, prices, localities, selling conditions, and diseases of the imported fruits from 2004 to 2008. The survey showed that 58 species of 30 different fruits were imported to Shanghai from 16 countries with more expensive price. The larger products were bananas, grapes, apples, and oranges. During the investigation, we found that the imported fruits frequently brought about the relatively serious market diseases. On the basis of morphology and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer （ITS） of ribosomal DNA （rDNA） analysis, 151 isolates of 15 fungi genera, which shown to be pathogenic after the inoculation assay, were finally identified. Among the identified fungi, Alternaria was the most frequent one with the highest detection rate （47.68%）, followed by Penicillium （14.57%） and Fusarium （11.92%）, respectively. Additionally, Pestalotiopsis microspora （detected in grapes Red-Globe coming from the USA） and Botrytis sp. （detected in black-plums coming from the USA） were first reported in China market. The present study summarized the selling situation of the imported fruits in Shanghai markets and constructed a library of the pathogens detected in the imported fruits during the selling period. The results obtained are useful to offer technical parameters for Chinese quarantine in order to prevent an invasion of the foreign harmful micro-organisms.
基金supported by the Special Project for Sustainable Development Science and Technology of Shenzhen, China (2021N007)the Special Project for Red Imported Fire Ant Management, Shenzhen Agricultural Science and Technology Promotion Center, China (20220900044zbzjbc)。
文摘The red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren,poses a significant threat to biodiversity,agriculture,and public health in its introduced ranges.While chemicals such as toxic baits and dust are the main methods for S.invicta control,toxic baits are slow,requiring approximately one or two weeks,but dust can eliminate the colony of fire ants rapidly in just three to five days.To explore more active ingredients for fire ant control using dusts,the toxicity of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin,the horizontal transfer of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin dust and their efficacy in the field were tested.The results showed that the LD50(lethal dose) values of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin were 3.40 and 1.57 ng/ant,respectively.The KT50(median knockdown time) and KT95(95%knockdown time) values of a 20μg mL^(–1)bifenthrin dose were 7.179and 16.611 min,respectively.The KT50and KT95of a 5μg mL^(–1)dimefluthrin dose were 1.538 and 2.825 min,respectively.The horizontal transfers of bifenthrin and dimefluthrin among workers were effective.The mortality of recipients (secondary mortality) and secondary recipients (tertiary mortality) were both over 80%at 48 h after 0.25,0.50 and 1.00%bifenthrin dust treatments.The secondary mortality of recipients was over 99%at 48 h after 0.25,0.50 and 1.00% dimefluthrin dust treatments,but the tertiary mortality was below 20%.The field trial results showed that both bifenthrin and dimefluthrin exhibited excellent fire ant control effects,and the comprehensive control effects of 1.00%bifenthrin and dimefluthrin dusts at 14 d post-treatment were 95.87 and 85.70%,respectively.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFC1201302
文摘The red imported fire ant（RIFA, Solenopsis invicta）, a notorious invasive insect, has received considerable attention owing to its impacts on native biodiversity, agriculture, and human health. Under global warming, the inhabitable area of the RIFA may be enlarged. However, few studies have focused on the potential range expansion of the RIFA in East Asia. Using a process-based physiological model, we simulated the potential range of the RIFA in China based on gridded temperature datasets for the current（2004–2012） and future（2090–2100） climates under Representative Concentration Pathway（RCP） 4.5 and RCP 8.5. It was found that the southeastern part of China（below 32°N） is suitable for RIFA proliferation. The present distribution area of the RIFA corresponds well with the potential range simulated by the model. In the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 warming scenarios, the inhabitable area of the RIFA along the northern boundary would on average extend 101.3±85.7（mean±SD） and 701.2±156.9 km, respectively, by the end of the 21 st century. Therefore, future climate change would significantly affect the inhabitable area of the RIFA. Our results provide the basis for local quarantine officials to curtail accidental introductions of this insect, especially in the certain and possible infestation zones.
基金funded by the COVID-19 Project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine[SZY-KJCYC-2020-YJ002]the COVID-19 Project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine[2020ZYLCYJ06-4]and the CACMS Innovation Fund[CI2021A00704].
文摘Objective The scientific community knows little about the long-term influence of coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19) on olfactory dysfunction(OD). With the COVID-19 pandemic ongoing worldwide, the risk of imported cases remains high. In China, it is necessary to understand OD in imported cases.Methods A prospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 11 self-reported patients with COVID-19 and OD from Xi’an No. 8 Hospital were followed between August 19, 2021, and December 12, 2021.Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiological findings, and treatment outcomes were analyzed at admission. We surveyed the patients via telephone for recurrence and sequelae at the1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up.Results Eleven patients with OD were enrolled;of these, 54.5%(6/11) had hyposmia and 45.5%(5/11)had anosmia. 63.6%(7/11) reported OD before or on the day of admission as their initial symptom;of these, 42.9%(3/7) described OD as the only symptom. All patients in the study received combined treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and 72.7%(8/11) had partially or fully recovered at discharge. In terms of OD recovery at the 12-month follow-up, 45.5%(5/11) reported at least one sequela, 81.8%(9/11) had recovered completely, 18.2%(2/11) had recovered partially, and there were no recurrent cases.Conclusions Our data revealed that OD frequently presented as the initial or even the only symptom among imported cases. Most OD improvements occurred in the first 2 weeks after onset, and patients with COVID-19 and OD had favorable treatment outcomes during long-term follow-up. A better understanding of the pathogenesis and appropriate treatment of OD is needed to guide clinicians in the care of these patients.
文摘Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic disease of the Western hemisphere.The cases in non-endemic areas are mostly imported.Determining a history of exposure is critical for performing the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis,especially for cases occurring in a non-endemic area.In this study,a 71-year-old Chinese male presented to our hospital with chronic cough and malaise,and was found to have a mass in the middle lobe of right lung.He had been visiting Arizona,USA for four months before admission.Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis was confirmed by the results of histopathological examination after lobectomy.Typical microscopic features of Coccidioides are definitely diagnostic,but need be differentiated from other budding yeast infection or carcinoma histopathologically.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grants 2012CB518904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81572003)+1 种基金the Core Facility and Technical Support,Wuhan Institute of VirologyWuhan Key Laboratory on Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety for helpful supports during the course of the work
文摘Dear Editor,Zika virus（ZIKV）is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that usually causes asymptomatic infections or mild illness in humans.However,the unprecedented epidemics of ZIKV in Latin America since early 2015 have made this flavivirus an international health risk（Liu and Zhang,2016）.
文摘In the era of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,imported COVID-19 cases pose great challenges to many countries.Chest CT examination is considered to be complementary to nucleic acid test for COVID-19 detection and diagnosis.Wie report the first community infected COVID-19 patient by an imported case in Beijing,which manifested as nodular lesions on chest CT imaging at the early stage.Deep Learning(DL)-based diagnostic systems quantitatively monitored the progress of pulmonary lesions in 6 days and timely made alert for suspected pneumonia,so that prompt medical isolation was taken.The patient was confirmed as COVID-19 case after nucleic acid test,for which the community transmission was prevented timely.The roles of DL-assisted diagnosis in helping radiologists screening suspected COVID cases were discussed.
基金Funds from the Nationl Health and Family Planning Commission of China:grants 2014ZX10004-001 and 2013ZX10004601
文摘The first imported Middle East respiratory syndrome （MERS） case in China was identified in May 2015. We determined the kinetics of antibody （IgG and IgM） and neutralizing antibodies against MERS-coronavirus （MERS-CoV） in this case before discharge. Moreover, no seroconversion was found among 53 close contacts by anti-MERS IgG antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） of paired serum samples. These findings suggest that neither community nor nosocomial transmission of MERS-CoV occurred in China.
文摘In the modern era, the Jewish-Americans were faced with challenges because of the assimilation and modernity environment in the US, and as a result, many of them were in a double bind—to be an assimilated American citizen or to be a traditional Jew. With his work"The Imported Bridegroom", Abraham Cahan contemplated on the subject of Jewish immigration and assimilation and he made a ground-breaking contribution to the establishment of American modernity. This paper intends to analyze Cahan's attitudes towards assimilation and modernity and how he builds up modernity for all of the Americans. Three characters in"The Imported Bridegroom", who stand for three prototypes of modern Jewish-Americans confronting the overwhelming flood of assimilation and the duty for retaining their traditions, will be analyzed. Through the composition of this work, Cahan tried to spread the Jewish culture on the one hand, and on the other, he warned the peripheral that it was difficult to be assimilated without disasters even if they had made contribution to the formation of modernity.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41704116,11901234,11926104)Jilin Provincial Excellent Youth Talents Foundation(Grant No.20180520093JH)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Jilin Province(Grant No.JJKH20200933KJ)Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.19511132000)。
文摘While the spread of COVID-19 in China is under control,the pandemic is developing rapidly around the world.Due to the normal migration of population,China is facing the high risk from imported cases.The potential specific medicine and vaccine are still in the process of clinical trials.Currently,controlling the impact of imported cases is the key to prevent new outbreak of COVID-19 in China.In this paper,we propose two impulsive systems to describe the impact of multilateral imported cases of COVID-19.Based on the published data,we simulate and analyze the epidemic trends under different control strategies.In particular,we compare four different scenarios and show the corresponding medical burden.The results can be useful in designing appropriate control strategy for imported cases in practice.
文摘The Mesoamerican Ministers of Health have set 2020 as the target for malaria elimination to be achieved in the region. Imported malaria cases are a potential threat to countries attempting elimination or working to prevent resurgence. We report the first imported Plasmodium ovale infection with molecular confirmation in Central America, which occurred in a Guatemalan soldier that had been deployed in Africa. The obstacles for its diagnosis using the standard microscopy technique and the need to improve its detection are discussed.
基金Sichuan provincial department of science and technology emergency project responding to COVID-19(No.2020YFS0005,2020YFS0564)Chengdu municipal health commission project(No.2020040)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of foreign-imported patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Chengdu City.Methods:A total of 290 foreign-imported patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and discharged from Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu were included in our study,they were divided into asymptomatic infection group(131 cases)and confirmed cases group(159 cases)in order to compare the epidemiology,clinical characteristics and laboratory tests between two groups.Multi-factor logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influence factors of becoming a dominant infection after infected with SARS-CoV-2.Results:Among the 290 cases aged from 2 months to 68 years old,83.4%were males,62.1%came from Asia,and 43.8%were complicated with fatty liver disease,the age group of 14-49 years old had the largest number(247 cases).80.5%confirmed case group cases were general type,there was only 1 severe patient.Hospital stays in asymptomatic infection group was shorter than that in confirmed cases group,lymphocyte count,CD4+T count,CD8+T count,CD4+T/CD8+T creatine kinase in two groups half a month after discharge were relatively lower than those on admission,and alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,albumin,lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase isoenzyme were relatively higher than those on admission(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that increased age,decreased lymphocyte count on admission and increased lactate dehydrogenase on admission were associated with dominant infection.Chest CT of 13 general type cases indicated an increase in lesions compared with that at discharge and 3 of them had re-detectable positive RNA test.Conclusion:The majority of foreign-imported cases in Chengdu are mainly from Asia,fewer of them are severe patients.In the early stage of recovery,some SARS-CoV-2 infected patients still have intermittent viral replication.Early isolation and early treatment of imported patients is not only conducive to epidemic prevention and control,but also may change the natural course of the disease.
文摘Here we describe the case of a 4-mo-old female who died suddenly without any apparent cause that was initially mistaken as a case of sudden infant death syndrome. Histologic observation of brain sections revealed blue-black bodies in erythrocytes of the blood vessels, suggestive of specific stages of the hematic schizogonic cycle. Further examinations revealed hemozoin and hemosiderin deposits in the parenchyma of all organs, leading to the diagnosis of malaria by Plasmodium falciparum(P. falciparum). The death occurred in Italy, the native country of the infant, two weeks after a Christmas holiday spent in Pakistan, the parents' birthplace, which has a high malarial endemicity. As this case demonstrates, the diagnosis of malaria should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in subjects, including infants, that die unexpectedly after returning from P. falciparum endemic areas.
文摘This study investigates the extent of the influence of imported fishmeal price changes on the market price of pisciculture products. To date, there have been only a few insufficient researches on this topic in Japan. This paper aims to reveal the causality relationship between the market price of imported fishmeal and the market price of pisciculture products using the granger causality test, and to simulate the market price of pisciculture products using impulse response functions as the price of imported fishmeal increases. The results of the granger causality test and impulse response function analyses were as follows： （1） there is a market linkage from the price of imported fishmeal to the market price of sea bream, but no causality with the market price yellowtail; and （2） this has a positive impact on the market price of sea bream when the price of imported fishmeal changes. Moreover, spillover effects were noticed in this simple scenario （at a market price of 800 yen/kg and one unit shock of 1 yen） of about 3 yen/kg.
