Objective： To study the characteristics of immunophenotype in acute lymphoblastic leukemia （ALL） and its clinical significance. Methods： Immunophenotyping was performed on 81 ALL patients by three-color flow cytom...Objective： To study the characteristics of immunophenotype in acute lymphoblastic leukemia （ALL） and its clinical significance. Methods： Immunophenotyping was performed on 81 ALL patients by three-color flow cytometry analysis using CD45/SSC gating, meanwhile the cytogenetic analysis was performed on 45 cases out of 81 ALL patients. Results： （1） CD19 was the most commonly expressed of all B-lineage antigens detected with the positive rate being 100%. In T-ALL, the positive expression rate of CD5 and CD7 was the highest, being 90%. Both B-ALL and T-ALL overlapped in expression of lineage antigens. There was no significant difference in the complete remission rate （CR rate） between T-ALL and B-ALL. （2） The incidence of ALL with rayeloid antigens expression （My＋ALL） was 39.5%. CD13 was most often seen among the myeloid markers. My＋ALL always involved in B-lineage antigens and the CR rate in children and adults was 72.2% and 78.6% respectively. （3） The incidence of HAL was 19.8%. Coexpression of B-lineage and myeloid-assoeiated antigens was the commonest subtype in HAL. The expression of CD34 was commonly seen in HAL patients （81.3%）. The CR rate was low in HAL, 50% for children and 40% for adults. （4） Compared to T-ALL, B-ALL, My＋ALL, and HAL had a higher positive rate of CD34 expression with the difference being significant （P〈0.025）. Conclusion： Immunophenotyping had remarkable predominance in diagnosing special category of ALL （such as HAL and My＋ALL）; CD19 and CD5 were highly sensitive in diagnosing B-ALL and T-ALL, but less special, and overlapping was found in expression. No significant association was found between the expression of CD34 or myeloid antigens and CR rate, while low CR rate was found in HAL patients, especially for those coexpressing CD34 antigen.展开更多
In order to study the effects of 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino) propane hydrochloride (DDPH) on proliferation and immunophenotypes of newborn rat pulmonary vascular pericytes induced by hypo...In order to study the effects of 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino) propane hydrochloride (DDPH) on proliferation and immunophenotypes of newborn rat pulmonary vascular pericytes induced by hypoxic endothelial cell conditioned medium (HECCM) from porcine pulmonary arteries, the cultured pericytes were divided into 4 groups according to the endothelial cell conditioned medium (ECCM) used: normoxic ECCM (NECCM) group, NECCM+DDPH group, HECCM group and HECCM+DDPH group. Cell culture, immunocytochemical staining, image analysis and flow cytometric method were used to investigate the effects of HECCM and DDPH on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SM-Actin) antigen, CD34 antigen, S-100 antigen and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cell cycle in pericytes. The results showed that the α-SM-Actin antigen in the pericytes in HECCM group was stronger positively expressed than in the other three groups, but CD34 antigen and S-100 antigen were negatively expressed. The expression of α-SM-Actin antigen, CD34 antigen and S-100 antigen was positive in the groups of NECCM, NECCM+DDPH and HECCM+DDPH; The expression of α-SM-Actin and PCNA in HECCM group was 1.32 times (P<0.01) and 1.24 times (P<0.05) that in NECCM group, 1.30 times (P<0.01) and 1.21 times (P<0.05) that in HECCM+DDPH group, respectively. The percentage of the cells in the GO-G1 phase in the HECCM group was lower by 11.7 % and 9.1 %, in S phase higher by 5.6 % and 4.2 %, in G2-M phase higher by 6.1 % and 4.9 % than in the groups of NECCM,HECCM+DDPH, respectively. The inhibitory rate of DDPH on the increased α-SM-Actin and PCNA syntheses in pericytes induced by HECCM were 23.4 % and 17.1 % respectively. The inhibitory rate on the increased pericytes from GO-G1 phase to S phase was 8.3 %. These results suggest that DDPH can directly inhibit pericytes from proliferation and immunophenotypical transformation of smooth muscle-like cells induced by HECCM.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a method for detecting the immunophenotypes of venous blood CIK cells in healthy donors and patients with triple-negative breast cancer or lung cancer by flow cytometr...[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a method for detecting the immunophenotypes of venous blood CIK cells in healthy donors and patients with triple-negative breast cancer or lung cancer by flow cytometry,and to further analyze and discuss the proportion of cellular immunophenotypes such as CD3^(+),CD4^(+),CD8^(+),CD3^(+)CD8^(+),CD3^(+)CD56^(+)in CIK cells.[Methods]Human venous blood was drawn,then anticoagulated with heparin and isolated with lymphocyte isolation solution,and the relevant immunophenotypes were detected by flow cytometry after 21 d of culture.[Results]The expression of CD3^(+)CD8^(+)and CD3^(+)CD56^(+)in the venous blood CIK cells was significantly higher in healthy donors than that in triple-negative breast and lung cancer patients.[Conclusions]CD3^(+)CD8^(+)and CD3^(+)CD56^(+)CIK cells have high anti-tumor activity.展开更多
Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified, is a large B-cell lymphoma with a diffuse growth pattern and aggressive clinical course. It is divided in subgroups according to its morpho...Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified, is a large B-cell lymphoma with a diffuse growth pattern and aggressive clinical course. It is divided in subgroups according to its morphology, immunophenotype, and primary site. Dissemination to bone marrow occurs in 11% to 35% of cases and can be of concordant or discordant morphology. Objective: To examine the association, the type of bone marrow involvement in relation to the primary site, morphology, immunohistochemistry of DLBCLs and to determine the cases of Epstein-Barr virus positive DLBCLs. Materials and Methods: We reviewed lymph node and extranodal biopsies as well as the respective bone marrow biopsies in all cases of DLBCL diagnosed in the Hospital General de México during the period from 2002 to 2010. We used immunohystochemistry for immunophenotype identification (Hans’s algorithm) and an in-situ hybridization technique to detect presence of Epstein Barr encoded RNA (EBER). Results: We included 108 patients with a mean age of 51.9 years, 59 (55%) were men. DLBCL involved lymph nodes in 60% of cases and palatine tonsils in 13%. The centroblastic variant predominated (80%) and 58% originated from activated B-cells. Infiltration of bone marrow was present in 30% of cases and was discordant in 55% of these cases. Correlation between morphology and bone marrow infiltration was statistically significant (P = 0.0003). Presence of Epstein-Barr virus was demonstrated in 15% of patients older than 50 years. Conclusions: Dissemination to bone marrow occurred in 30% of cases and discordant involvement was most common. DLBCL originating from activated B-lymphocytes predominated and the most common extranodal sites were palatine tonsils, suggesting that our population has a clinical behavior similar to Asiatic populations.展开更多
AIM:To assess the capacity to isolate and expand mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)from bone marrow of CBA/Ca,ICR and Balb/c mice. METHODS:Bone marrow of tibia and femur were flushed,cultured and maintained in supplemented D...AIM:To assess the capacity to isolate and expand mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)from bone marrow of CBA/Ca,ICR and Balb/c mice. METHODS:Bone marrow of tibia and femur were flushed,cultured and maintained in supplemented Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium.MSC immunophenotype of cultures were tracked along increasing passages for positivity to CD106,Sca-1 and CD44 and negativity to CD45,CD11b and MHC classⅡ.Differentiation capacity of MSC towards osteogenic and adipo-genic lineages were also assessed. RESULTS:MSC were successfully cultured from bone marrow of all 3 strains,albeit differences in the temporal expression of certain surface antigens.Their differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes were also observed. MSC from all 3 mouse strains demonstrated a shift from a haematopoietic phenotype(CD106-CD45+CD11b+Sca-1low)to typical MSC phenotype(CD106+CD45-CD11b-Sca-1high)with increasing passages. CONCLUSION:Information garnered assists us in the decision of selecting a mouse strain to generate MSC from for downstream experimentation.展开更多
To identify the knowledge of rare lymphoproliferative disorder, the clinical and biological features of three kinds of lymphoproliferative disorders with cytoplasmic projections were compared The clinical manifestat...To identify the knowledge of rare lymphoproliferative disorder, the clinical and biological features of three kinds of lymphoproliferative disorders with cytoplasmic projections were compared The clinical manifestations, ultrastructure and immunophenotype were analyzed The results showed that hairy cell leukemia (HCL), splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocyte (SLVL) and hairy cell leukemia-variant (HCL-V) had some common characters including splenomegaly, peripheral blood and bone marrow infiltration by villous lymphocyte and B lymphocyte immunophenotype; but these three disorders had specific features respectively It was concluded that overall analysis of clinical and laboratory features might be contributive to the differential diagnosis of these three disorders展开更多
Objective： To observe the influence of treatment based on Chinese medicine pattem identification on cellular immunophenotype of the myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS）. Methods： Sixty patients with MDS were randomly an...Objective： To observe the influence of treatment based on Chinese medicine pattem identification on cellular immunophenotype of the myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS）. Methods： Sixty patients with MDS were randomly and equally assigned to the treatment group and the control group using a randomized digital table. Thirty patients in each group included 3 risk levels （low, moderate and high risks） with each level 10 patients according to the international prognostic scoring system. The control group was given conventional therapy which was also used in the treatment group. While the treatment group was given Zuogui Pill （左归丸） and Yougui Pill （右归丸） for low risk patients; Qingwen Baidu Decoction （清瘟败毒饮） and Bazhen Decoction （八珍汤） for moderate risk patients; Gexia Zhuyu Decoction （膈下逐瘀汤） and Qinghao Biejia Decoction （青蒿鳖甲汤） combined with Shiquan Dabu Decoction （十全大补汤 ） for high risk patients. After the treatment, the differences of overatl response rate and immunophenotype （CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33 and CD34） of each group were analyzed. Results： The overall response rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group in low risk and moderate risk patients （P=0.029）, there was no statistical differences of overall response rate between the treatment group and the control group in high risk patients （P=0.089）. The expressions of CD13, CD14, CD33 and CD34 in all three risk levels of the treatment group were obviously decreased after the treatment, while CD15 in all three risk levels of the treatment group was obviously increased after the treatment （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Meanwhile, the difference values of CD13 and CD33 in low risk level of the treatment group, CD33 and CD34 in moderate risk level of the treatment group as well as CD34 and CD15 in high risk level of the treatment group, were all greater than the control groups and they were statistically significant （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusions： It shows a better therapeutic effect if the MDS patients treated with Chinese medicine pattern identification in addition to conventional therapy. Since the treatment may inhibit the malignant clones and improve the dysmaturity of granulocyte differentiation, it is a feasible option in clinical practice.展开更多
Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the eff...Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the effects of endogenous(0.11 mg/(kg bw·day))and exogenous(1.31,5.23,and 10.13 mg/(kg bw·day))AA exposure from biscuit diet on the hematology,hormone levels,immune function,and liver and kidney damage in growing female rat pups.For the hematological indices,a quadratic reduction was observed in percentage of neutrophils(Neu%)and percentage of eosinophils(Eos%)in the leukograms and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelet in the erythrograms in all the AA-exposed groups.In terms of hormones,extremely remarkably elevations in estradiol(E_(2))and growth hormone(GH)levels were associated with exogenous AA,and a significant increase in GH levels was noted in the endogenous AA group.Regarding immune function,endogenous and exogenous AA showed a dose-dependent immunotoxic effect on lysozyme(LYSO),nitric oxide(NO),immunoglobulin(Ig)G,and IgM.In particular,the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity was significantly high in the exogenous medium dose(Exo-M)and exogenous high dose(Exo-H)groups,and the percentage of CD3^(+)T cells in the blood and CD8^(+)expression levels in the spleen were significantly elevated in the Exo-H group.For liver and kidney function,exogenous AA had a dose-dependent effect on alanine aminotransferases(ALT),aspartate transferases(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),urea nitrogen(UREA),and creatinine(CREA-S).In addition to the dose-dependent effect on the pathological changes in the liver and kidneys,the endogenous AA group presented with hepatocellular steatosis,kidney inflammatory infiltrates,and glomerular and tubular atrophy.Overall,our findings suggested the dose-dependent harmful effect of endogenous and exogenous AA.Special attention should be paid to the damage caused by exposure to endogenous AA.Stringent AA intake guidelines and measures are required to minimize AA levels in the food matrix.展开更多
Flow cytometry(FCM),characterized by its simplicity,rapid processing,multiparameter analysis,and high sen-sitivity,is widely used in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of hematological malignancies.FCM testing of t...Flow cytometry(FCM),characterized by its simplicity,rapid processing,multiparameter analysis,and high sen-sitivity,is widely used in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of hematological malignancies.FCM testing of tissue samples not only aids in diagnosing and classifying hematological cancers,but also enables the detection of solid tumors.Its ability to detect numerous marker parameters from small samples is particularly useful when dealing with limited cell quantities,such as in fine-needle biopsy samples.This attribute not only addresses the challenge posed by small sample sizes,but also boosts the sensitivity of tumor cell detection.The significance of FCM in clinical and pathological applications continues to grow.To standardize the use of FCM in detecting hematological malignant cells in tissue samples and to improve quality control during the detection process,experts from the Cell Analysis Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Biotechnology jointly drafted and agreed upon this consensus.This consensus was formulated based on current literature and clinical practices of all experts across clinical,laboratory,and pathological fields in China.It outlines a comprehensive workflow of FCM-based assay for the detection of hematological malignancies in tissue samples,including report content,interpretation,quality control,and key considerations.Additionally,it provides recommendations on antibody panel designs and analytical approaches to enhancing FCM tests,particularly in cases with limited sample sizes.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To explore the immunophenotype of myeloid cells in myelodysplastic syndyomes (MDS) and its clinical implications. METHODS: A panel of monoclonal antibody was used to detect CD13+, CD33+, CD15+ and CD14+ ant...OBJECTIVE: To explore the immunophenotype of myeloid cells in myelodysplastic syndyomes (MDS) and its clinical implications. METHODS: A panel of monoclonal antibody was used to detect CD13+, CD33+, CD15+ and CD14+ antigens on the membrane surfaces of myeloid cells in the bone marrow from 51 MDS, 21 aplastic anemia (AA), 21 paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients. 10 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients and 15 normal subjects by immunoenzymatic assay. The morphology and chromosome karyotype of bone marrow cells of MDS patients were also examined. RESULTS: CD14+, CD13+ and CD33+ cells in the bone marrow were more in MDS patients than in normal controls, AA patients and PNH patients. CD15+ cells in the bone marrow were less in MDS patients than in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: The percentages of CD14+, CD13+ and CD33+ positive cells in the bone marrow of MDS patients were related to the percentage of myeloblasts, the chromosomal aberrations and the response to treatment. It indicated that there is immunophenotypic misexpression of myeloid cells in MDS patients. Immunophenotype analysis of myeloid cells might be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of MDS patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND The mucosal barrier's immune-brain interactions,pivotal for neural development and function,are increasingly recognized for their potential causal and therapeutic relevance to irritable bowel syndrome(I...BACKGROUND The mucosal barrier's immune-brain interactions,pivotal for neural development and function,are increasingly recognized for their potential causal and therapeutic relevance to irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).Prior studies linking immune inflammation with IBS have been inconsistent.To further elucidate this relationship,we conducted a Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis of 731 immune cell markers to dissect the influence of various immune phenotypes on IBS.Our goal was to deepen our understanding of the disrupted brain-gut axis in IBS and to identify novel therapeutic targets.AIM To leverage publicly available data to perform MR analysis on 731 immune cell markers and explore their impact on IBS.We aimed to uncover immunophenotypic associations with IBS that could inform future drug development and therapeutic strategies.METHODS We performed a comprehensive two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between immune cell markers and IBS.By utilizing genetic data from public databases,we examined the causal associations between 731 immune cell markers,encompassing median fluorescence intensity,relative cell abundance,absolute cell count,and morphological parameters,with IBS susceptibility.Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate our findings and address potential heterogeneity and pleiotropy.RESULTS Bidirectional false discovery rate correction indicated no significant influence of IBS on immunophenotypes.However,our analysis revealed a causal impact of IBS on 30 out of 731 immune phenotypes(P<0.05).Nine immune phenotypes demonstrated a protective effect against IBS[inverse variance weighting(IVW)<0.05,odd ratio(OR)<1],while 21 others were associated with an increased risk of IBS onset(IVW≥0.05,OR≥1).CONCLUSION Our findings underscore a substantial genetic correlation between immune cell phenotypes and IBS,providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the condition.These results pave the way for the development of more precise biomarkers and targeted therapies for IBS.Furthermore,this research enriches our comprehension of immune cell roles in IBS pathogenesis,offering a foundation for more effective,personalized treatment approaches.These advancements hold promise for improving IBS patient quality of life and reducing the disease burden on individuals and their families.展开更多
BACKGROUND Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN)is a rare and clinically aggressive hematologic malignancy originating from the precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells.BPDCN often involves the skin,ly...BACKGROUND Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN)is a rare and clinically aggressive hematologic malignancy originating from the precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells.BPDCN often involves the skin,lymph nodes,and bone marrow,with rapid clinical progression and a poor prognosis.The BPDCN diagnosis is mainly based on the immunophenotype.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we retrospectively analyzed 2 cases of BPDCN.Both patients were elderly males.The lesions manifested as skin masses.Morphological manifestations included diffuse and dense tumor cell infiltration of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cluster of differentiation CD4,CD56,CD43,and CD123 were positive.CONCLUSION In this paper,we retrospectively analyzed 2 cases of BPDCN.Both patients were elderly males.The lesions manifested as skin masses.Morphological manifestations included diffuse and dense tumor cell infiltration of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cluster of differentiation CD4,CD56,CD43,and CD123 were positive.展开更多
We specifically discuss the mechanisms of the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and management of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN),a rare but aggressive haematologic malignancy characterized by frequent skin m...We specifically discuss the mechanisms of the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and management of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN),a rare but aggressive haematologic malignancy characterized by frequent skin manifestations and systemic dissemination.The article enriches our understanding of BPDCN through detailed case reports showing the clinical,immunophenotypic,and histopathological features that are critical for diagnosing this disease.These cases highlight the essential role of pathologists in employing advanced immunophenotyping techniques to accurately identify the disease early in its course and guide treatment decisions.Furthermore,we explore the implications of these findings for management strategies,emphasizing the use of targeted therapies such as tagraxofusp and the potential of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in achieving remission.The editorial underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in managing BPDCN,pointing towards a future where precision medicine could significantly improve patient outcomes.展开更多
Introduction: Since it is impossible to establish a diagnosis in the presence of hyperlymphocytosis not secondary to lymphocytic hyperactivation, we considered a B-lymphoid hematopathy with a non-specific phenotypic p...Introduction: Since it is impossible to establish a diagnosis in the presence of hyperlymphocytosis not secondary to lymphocytic hyperactivation, we considered a B-lymphoid hematopathy with a non-specific phenotypic profile. We report one case of this. Observation: This is a forty-eight (48) year old patient with hyperlymphocytosis at 139,000 elements per cubic millimeter, heterogeneous splenomegaly at 25.6 cm in diameter on abdominal ultrasound without detectable deep or peripheral lymphadenopathy. Peripheral blood cytology shows lymphocyte cell proliferation suggestive of the circulating phase of chronic lymphoproliferative B syndrome. The expression profile of cell membrane markers did not allow for the definition of a specific phenotypic profile. Faced with this immunophenotyping result, we considered a B-lymphoid hemopathy with a non-specific phenotypic profile. After three courses, the MINICHOP treatment was used to achieve partial remission with wasting of more than 80% of the evaluable masses. Conclusion: Despite the contribution of immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative syndromes, it is possible to consider the diagnosis of a B-lymphoid hemopathy with a phenotypic non-specific profile of CD45+, monotypic kappa, CD19+, FMC7+, CD22+, CD5−, CD79b−, CD23−, CD43−, CD38−, CD200−.展开更多
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN)is a rare hematological malignancy characterized by recurrent skin nodules,an aggressive clinical course with rapid involvement of hematological organs,and a poor pro...Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN)is a rare hematological malignancy characterized by recurrent skin nodules,an aggressive clinical course with rapid involvement of hematological organs,and a poor prognosis with poor overall survival.BPDCN is derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)and its pathogenesis is unclear.The tumor cells show aberrant expression of CD4,CD56,interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain(CD 123),blood dendritic cell antigen 2(BDCA 2/CD303),blood dendritic cell antigen 4(BDCA4)and transcription factor(E protein)E2-2(TCF4).The best treatment drugs are based on experience by adopting those used for either leukemia or lymphoma.Relapse with drug resistance generally occurs quickly.Stem cell transplantation after the first complete remission is recommended and tagraxofusp is the first targeted therapy.In this review,we summarize the differentiation of BPDCN from its cell origin,its connection with normal pDCs,clinical characteristics,genetic mutations and advances in treatment of BPDCN.This review provides insights into the mechanisms of and new therapeutic approaches for BPDCN.展开更多
Immunophenotype is critical for diagnosing common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (common ALL) and detecting minimal residual disease. We developed a protocol to explore the immunophenotypic profiles of common ALL...Immunophenotype is critical for diagnosing common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (common ALL) and detecting minimal residual disease. We developed a protocol to explore the immunophenotypic profiles of common ALL based on the expression levels of the antigens associated with B lymphoid development, including IL-7Rα (CD127), cytoplasmic CD79a (cCD79a), CD19, VpreB (CD179a), and sIgM, which are successive and essential for progression of B cells along their developmental pathway. Analysis of the immunophenotypes of 48 common ALL cases showed that the immunophenotypic patterns were highly heterogeneous, with the leukemic cell population differing from case to case. Through the comprehensive analysis of immunophenotypic patterns, the profiles of patient-specific composite leukemia cell populations could provide detailed information helpful for the diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and individualized therapies for common ALL.展开更多
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the liver, which affects a group of patients who lost their immunological tolerance to antigens of the liver. It is clinically characterized by hype...Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the liver, which affects a group of patients who lost their immunological tolerance to antigens of the liver. It is clinically characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia, elevated liver enzymes, presence of autoantibodies and histological changes. Although being rare in children, it represents a serious cause of chronic hepatic disease that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Clinical findings, exclusion of more common liver disorders and the detection of antibodies antinuclear antibodies, smooth muscle antibodies and anti-LKM1 are usually enough for diagnosis on clinical practice. The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to AIH remain obscure, but some research findings suggest the participation of immunologic and genetic factors. It is not yet knew the triggering factor or factors that stimulate inflammatory response. Several mechanisms proposed partially explain the immunologic findings of AIH. The knowledge of immune factors evolved might result in better markers of prognosis and response to treatment. In this review, we aim to evaluate the findings of research about genetic and immune markers and their perspectives of application in clinical practice especially in pediatric population.展开更多
In cell therapy protocols, many tissues were proposed as a source of mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) isolation. So far, bone marrow(BM) has been presented as the main source of MSC despite the invasive isolation pro-cedur...In cell therapy protocols, many tissues were proposed as a source of mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) isolation. So far, bone marrow(BM) has been presented as the main source of MSC despite the invasive isolation pro-cedure related to this source. During the last years, the umbilical cord(UC) matrix was cited in different studies as a reliable source from which long term ex vivo prolif-erating fibroblasts were isolated but with contradictory data about their immunophenotype, gene expression profile, and differentiation potential. Hence, an inter-esting question emerged: Are cells isolated from cord matrix(UC-MSC) different from other MSCs? In this re-view, we will summarize different studies that isolated and characterized UC-MSC. Considering BM-MSC as gold standard, we will discuss if UC-MSC fulfill different criteria that define MSC, and what remain to be done in this issue.展开更多
In this paper,experimental findings concerning the kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution are compared to corresponding clinical data.Although not clearly apparent,the transplantation practice seems to confirm the b...In this paper,experimental findings concerning the kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution are compared to corresponding clinical data.Although not clearly apparent,the transplantation practice seems to confirm the basic proposals of experimental hematology concerning hematopoietic reconstitution resulting from successive waves of repopulation stemming from different subpopulations of progenitor and stem cells.One of the "f irst rate" parameters in clinical transplantations in hematology;i.e.the CD34+ positive cell dose,has been discussed with respect to the functional heterogeneity and variability of cell populations endowed by expression of CD34.This parameter is useful only if the relative proportion of stem and progenitor cells in the CD34+ cell population is more or less maintained in a series of patients or donors.This proportion could vary with respect to the source,pathology,treatment,processing procedure,the graft ex vivo treatment and so on.Therefore,a universal dose of CD34+ cells cannot be def ined.In addition,to avoid further confusion,the CD34+ cells should not be named "stem cells" or "progenitor cells" since these denominations only concern functionally characterized cell entities.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the clinical manifestations,diagnostic approaches,treatments,and outcomes of intraocular lymphoma.METHODS:In this retrospective study,16 patients(28 eyes)with intraocular lymphoma were recruited in ...AIM:To investigate the clinical manifestations,diagnostic approaches,treatments,and outcomes of intraocular lymphoma.METHODS:In this retrospective study,16 patients(28 eyes)with intraocular lymphoma were recruited in the Department of Ophthalmology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,from 2004 to 2019.All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations.Vitreous specimens of 13 patients were sent for cytopathology examination and other adjunctive diagnostic procedures.Three patients were diagnosed with intraocular lymphoma according to analysis of the histopathological results of systemic lymphoma by one clinician.Twenty-three eyes were treated with intravitreal administration of methotrexate,4 eyes could not receive ocular treatment due to life-threatening lymphoma,and 1 eye did not require ocular treatment because the fundus lesions regressed after systematic chemotherapy.RESULTS:In 28 eyes,25 eyes were diagnosed with vitreoretinal lymphoma,and 3 eyes were diagnosed with ciliary body lymphoma,all of which were non-Hodgkin diffuse large B cell lymphomas.The final visual acuity improved in 15 eyes(54%),remained unchanged in 5 eyes(18%),and decreased in 8 eyes(29%).Anterior segment inflammation disappeared or reduced in 8 and 5 eyes,respectively;and 15 eyes had no anterior segment reaction.Twenty eyes had mild vitreous opacity,1 eye had mild vitritis,and 7 eyes had pars plana vitrectomy combinedwith silicone oil tamponade.Fundus lesions disappeared in 9 eyes and were relieved in 5 eyes;4 eyes showed no changes,and the remaining 10 eyes’fundus were normal.CONCLUSION:The clinical manifestations of intraocular lymphoma are diverse,and the misdiagnosis rate is high.Cytopathological analysis of vitreous is one of the gold standards for the diagnosis.Immunohistochemistry,gene rearrangement and flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis can improve the diagnostic rate.Ocular chemotherapy or radiotherapy regimens may preserve visual acuity,and a multidisciplinary team can provide individualized treatment for the patients.展开更多
文摘Objective： To study the characteristics of immunophenotype in acute lymphoblastic leukemia （ALL） and its clinical significance. Methods： Immunophenotyping was performed on 81 ALL patients by three-color flow cytometry analysis using CD45/SSC gating, meanwhile the cytogenetic analysis was performed on 45 cases out of 81 ALL patients. Results： （1） CD19 was the most commonly expressed of all B-lineage antigens detected with the positive rate being 100%. In T-ALL, the positive expression rate of CD5 and CD7 was the highest, being 90%. Both B-ALL and T-ALL overlapped in expression of lineage antigens. There was no significant difference in the complete remission rate （CR rate） between T-ALL and B-ALL. （2） The incidence of ALL with rayeloid antigens expression （My＋ALL） was 39.5%. CD13 was most often seen among the myeloid markers. My＋ALL always involved in B-lineage antigens and the CR rate in children and adults was 72.2% and 78.6% respectively. （3） The incidence of HAL was 19.8%. Coexpression of B-lineage and myeloid-assoeiated antigens was the commonest subtype in HAL. The expression of CD34 was commonly seen in HAL patients （81.3%）. The CR rate was low in HAL, 50% for children and 40% for adults. （4） Compared to T-ALL, B-ALL, My＋ALL, and HAL had a higher positive rate of CD34 expression with the difference being significant （P〈0.025）. Conclusion： Immunophenotyping had remarkable predominance in diagnosing special category of ALL （such as HAL and My＋ALL）; CD19 and CD5 were highly sensitive in diagnosing B-ALL and T-ALL, but less special, and overlapping was found in expression. No significant association was found between the expression of CD34 or myeloid antigens and CR rate, while low CR rate was found in HAL patients, especially for those coexpressing CD34 antigen.
文摘In order to study the effects of 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino) propane hydrochloride (DDPH) on proliferation and immunophenotypes of newborn rat pulmonary vascular pericytes induced by hypoxic endothelial cell conditioned medium (HECCM) from porcine pulmonary arteries, the cultured pericytes were divided into 4 groups according to the endothelial cell conditioned medium (ECCM) used: normoxic ECCM (NECCM) group, NECCM+DDPH group, HECCM group and HECCM+DDPH group. Cell culture, immunocytochemical staining, image analysis and flow cytometric method were used to investigate the effects of HECCM and DDPH on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SM-Actin) antigen, CD34 antigen, S-100 antigen and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cell cycle in pericytes. The results showed that the α-SM-Actin antigen in the pericytes in HECCM group was stronger positively expressed than in the other three groups, but CD34 antigen and S-100 antigen were negatively expressed. The expression of α-SM-Actin antigen, CD34 antigen and S-100 antigen was positive in the groups of NECCM, NECCM+DDPH and HECCM+DDPH; The expression of α-SM-Actin and PCNA in HECCM group was 1.32 times (P<0.01) and 1.24 times (P<0.05) that in NECCM group, 1.30 times (P<0.01) and 1.21 times (P<0.05) that in HECCM+DDPH group, respectively. The percentage of the cells in the GO-G1 phase in the HECCM group was lower by 11.7 % and 9.1 %, in S phase higher by 5.6 % and 4.2 %, in G2-M phase higher by 6.1 % and 4.9 % than in the groups of NECCM,HECCM+DDPH, respectively. The inhibitory rate of DDPH on the increased α-SM-Actin and PCNA syntheses in pericytes induced by HECCM were 23.4 % and 17.1 % respectively. The inhibitory rate on the increased pericytes from GO-G1 phase to S phase was 8.3 %. These results suggest that DDPH can directly inhibit pericytes from proliferation and immunophenotypical transformation of smooth muscle-like cells induced by HECCM.
基金Supported by The 2021 Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guangdong Province(S202110564094)Horizontal Project of South China Agricultural University(h20220138).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a method for detecting the immunophenotypes of venous blood CIK cells in healthy donors and patients with triple-negative breast cancer or lung cancer by flow cytometry,and to further analyze and discuss the proportion of cellular immunophenotypes such as CD3^(+),CD4^(+),CD8^(+),CD3^(+)CD8^(+),CD3^(+)CD56^(+)in CIK cells.[Methods]Human venous blood was drawn,then anticoagulated with heparin and isolated with lymphocyte isolation solution,and the relevant immunophenotypes were detected by flow cytometry after 21 d of culture.[Results]The expression of CD3^(+)CD8^(+)and CD3^(+)CD56^(+)in the venous blood CIK cells was significantly higher in healthy donors than that in triple-negative breast and lung cancer patients.[Conclusions]CD3^(+)CD8^(+)and CD3^(+)CD56^(+)CIK cells have high anti-tumor activity.
文摘Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified, is a large B-cell lymphoma with a diffuse growth pattern and aggressive clinical course. It is divided in subgroups according to its morphology, immunophenotype, and primary site. Dissemination to bone marrow occurs in 11% to 35% of cases and can be of concordant or discordant morphology. Objective: To examine the association, the type of bone marrow involvement in relation to the primary site, morphology, immunohistochemistry of DLBCLs and to determine the cases of Epstein-Barr virus positive DLBCLs. Materials and Methods: We reviewed lymph node and extranodal biopsies as well as the respective bone marrow biopsies in all cases of DLBCL diagnosed in the Hospital General de México during the period from 2002 to 2010. We used immunohystochemistry for immunophenotype identification (Hans’s algorithm) and an in-situ hybridization technique to detect presence of Epstein Barr encoded RNA (EBER). Results: We included 108 patients with a mean age of 51.9 years, 59 (55%) were men. DLBCL involved lymph nodes in 60% of cases and palatine tonsils in 13%. The centroblastic variant predominated (80%) and 58% originated from activated B-cells. Infiltration of bone marrow was present in 30% of cases and was discordant in 55% of these cases. Correlation between morphology and bone marrow infiltration was statistically significant (P = 0.0003). Presence of Epstein-Barr virus was demonstrated in 15% of patients older than 50 years. Conclusions: Dissemination to bone marrow occurred in 30% of cases and discordant involvement was most common. DLBCL originating from activated B-lymphocytes predominated and the most common extranodal sites were palatine tonsils, suggesting that our population has a clinical behavior similar to Asiatic populations.
基金Supported by The Research University Grant Scheme UPM,04-02-10-0924RUExploratory Research Grant Scheme,Ministry of Higher Education,ERGS/1/2012/5527106
文摘AIM:To assess the capacity to isolate and expand mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)from bone marrow of CBA/Ca,ICR and Balb/c mice. METHODS:Bone marrow of tibia and femur were flushed,cultured and maintained in supplemented Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium.MSC immunophenotype of cultures were tracked along increasing passages for positivity to CD106,Sca-1 and CD44 and negativity to CD45,CD11b and MHC classⅡ.Differentiation capacity of MSC towards osteogenic and adipo-genic lineages were also assessed. RESULTS:MSC were successfully cultured from bone marrow of all 3 strains,albeit differences in the temporal expression of certain surface antigens.Their differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes were also observed. MSC from all 3 mouse strains demonstrated a shift from a haematopoietic phenotype(CD106-CD45+CD11b+Sca-1low)to typical MSC phenotype(CD106+CD45-CD11b-Sca-1high)with increasing passages. CONCLUSION:Information garnered assists us in the decision of selecting a mouse strain to generate MSC from for downstream experimentation.
文摘To identify the knowledge of rare lymphoproliferative disorder, the clinical and biological features of three kinds of lymphoproliferative disorders with cytoplasmic projections were compared The clinical manifestations, ultrastructure and immunophenotype were analyzed The results showed that hairy cell leukemia (HCL), splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocyte (SLVL) and hairy cell leukemia-variant (HCL-V) had some common characters including splenomegaly, peripheral blood and bone marrow infiltration by villous lymphocyte and B lymphocyte immunophenotype; but these three disorders had specific features respectively It was concluded that overall analysis of clinical and laboratory features might be contributive to the differential diagnosis of these three disorders
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Youth Talent Program(No.2012ZQ010),China
文摘Objective： To observe the influence of treatment based on Chinese medicine pattem identification on cellular immunophenotype of the myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS）. Methods： Sixty patients with MDS were randomly and equally assigned to the treatment group and the control group using a randomized digital table. Thirty patients in each group included 3 risk levels （low, moderate and high risks） with each level 10 patients according to the international prognostic scoring system. The control group was given conventional therapy which was also used in the treatment group. While the treatment group was given Zuogui Pill （左归丸） and Yougui Pill （右归丸） for low risk patients; Qingwen Baidu Decoction （清瘟败毒饮） and Bazhen Decoction （八珍汤） for moderate risk patients; Gexia Zhuyu Decoction （膈下逐瘀汤） and Qinghao Biejia Decoction （青蒿鳖甲汤） combined with Shiquan Dabu Decoction （十全大补汤 ） for high risk patients. After the treatment, the differences of overatl response rate and immunophenotype （CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33 and CD34） of each group were analyzed. Results： The overall response rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group in low risk and moderate risk patients （P=0.029）, there was no statistical differences of overall response rate between the treatment group and the control group in high risk patients （P=0.089）. The expressions of CD13, CD14, CD33 and CD34 in all three risk levels of the treatment group were obviously decreased after the treatment, while CD15 in all three risk levels of the treatment group was obviously increased after the treatment （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Meanwhile, the difference values of CD13 and CD33 in low risk level of the treatment group, CD33 and CD34 in moderate risk level of the treatment group as well as CD34 and CD15 in high risk level of the treatment group, were all greater than the control groups and they were statistically significant （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusions： It shows a better therapeutic effect if the MDS patients treated with Chinese medicine pattern identification in addition to conventional therapy. Since the treatment may inhibit the malignant clones and improve the dysmaturity of granulocyte differentiation, it is a feasible option in clinical practice.
文摘Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the effects of endogenous(0.11 mg/(kg bw·day))and exogenous(1.31,5.23,and 10.13 mg/(kg bw·day))AA exposure from biscuit diet on the hematology,hormone levels,immune function,and liver and kidney damage in growing female rat pups.For the hematological indices,a quadratic reduction was observed in percentage of neutrophils(Neu%)and percentage of eosinophils(Eos%)in the leukograms and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelet in the erythrograms in all the AA-exposed groups.In terms of hormones,extremely remarkably elevations in estradiol(E_(2))and growth hormone(GH)levels were associated with exogenous AA,and a significant increase in GH levels was noted in the endogenous AA group.Regarding immune function,endogenous and exogenous AA showed a dose-dependent immunotoxic effect on lysozyme(LYSO),nitric oxide(NO),immunoglobulin(Ig)G,and IgM.In particular,the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity was significantly high in the exogenous medium dose(Exo-M)and exogenous high dose(Exo-H)groups,and the percentage of CD3^(+)T cells in the blood and CD8^(+)expression levels in the spleen were significantly elevated in the Exo-H group.For liver and kidney function,exogenous AA had a dose-dependent effect on alanine aminotransferases(ALT),aspartate transferases(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),urea nitrogen(UREA),and creatinine(CREA-S).In addition to the dose-dependent effect on the pathological changes in the liver and kidneys,the endogenous AA group presented with hepatocellular steatosis,kidney inflammatory infiltrates,and glomerular and tubular atrophy.Overall,our findings suggested the dose-dependent harmful effect of endogenous and exogenous AA.Special attention should be paid to the damage caused by exposure to endogenous AA.Stringent AA intake guidelines and measures are required to minimize AA levels in the food matrix.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82370195,82270203,81770211)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Univer-sities(grant number:2022CDJYGRH-001)Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project(grant number:CSTB2024TIAD-KPX0031).
文摘Flow cytometry(FCM),characterized by its simplicity,rapid processing,multiparameter analysis,and high sen-sitivity,is widely used in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of hematological malignancies.FCM testing of tissue samples not only aids in diagnosing and classifying hematological cancers,but also enables the detection of solid tumors.Its ability to detect numerous marker parameters from small samples is particularly useful when dealing with limited cell quantities,such as in fine-needle biopsy samples.This attribute not only addresses the challenge posed by small sample sizes,but also boosts the sensitivity of tumor cell detection.The significance of FCM in clinical and pathological applications continues to grow.To standardize the use of FCM in detecting hematological malignant cells in tissue samples and to improve quality control during the detection process,experts from the Cell Analysis Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Biotechnology jointly drafted and agreed upon this consensus.This consensus was formulated based on current literature and clinical practices of all experts across clinical,laboratory,and pathological fields in China.It outlines a comprehensive workflow of FCM-based assay for the detection of hematological malignancies in tissue samples,including report content,interpretation,quality control,and key considerations.Additionally,it provides recommendations on antibody panel designs and analytical approaches to enhancing FCM tests,particularly in cases with limited sample sizes.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To explore the immunophenotype of myeloid cells in myelodysplastic syndyomes (MDS) and its clinical implications. METHODS: A panel of monoclonal antibody was used to detect CD13+, CD33+, CD15+ and CD14+ antigens on the membrane surfaces of myeloid cells in the bone marrow from 51 MDS, 21 aplastic anemia (AA), 21 paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients. 10 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients and 15 normal subjects by immunoenzymatic assay. The morphology and chromosome karyotype of bone marrow cells of MDS patients were also examined. RESULTS: CD14+, CD13+ and CD33+ cells in the bone marrow were more in MDS patients than in normal controls, AA patients and PNH patients. CD15+ cells in the bone marrow were less in MDS patients than in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: The percentages of CD14+, CD13+ and CD33+ positive cells in the bone marrow of MDS patients were related to the percentage of myeloblasts, the chromosomal aberrations and the response to treatment. It indicated that there is immunophenotypic misexpression of myeloid cells in MDS patients. Immunophenotype analysis of myeloid cells might be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of MDS patients.
文摘BACKGROUND The mucosal barrier's immune-brain interactions,pivotal for neural development and function,are increasingly recognized for their potential causal and therapeutic relevance to irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).Prior studies linking immune inflammation with IBS have been inconsistent.To further elucidate this relationship,we conducted a Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis of 731 immune cell markers to dissect the influence of various immune phenotypes on IBS.Our goal was to deepen our understanding of the disrupted brain-gut axis in IBS and to identify novel therapeutic targets.AIM To leverage publicly available data to perform MR analysis on 731 immune cell markers and explore their impact on IBS.We aimed to uncover immunophenotypic associations with IBS that could inform future drug development and therapeutic strategies.METHODS We performed a comprehensive two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between immune cell markers and IBS.By utilizing genetic data from public databases,we examined the causal associations between 731 immune cell markers,encompassing median fluorescence intensity,relative cell abundance,absolute cell count,and morphological parameters,with IBS susceptibility.Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate our findings and address potential heterogeneity and pleiotropy.RESULTS Bidirectional false discovery rate correction indicated no significant influence of IBS on immunophenotypes.However,our analysis revealed a causal impact of IBS on 30 out of 731 immune phenotypes(P<0.05).Nine immune phenotypes demonstrated a protective effect against IBS[inverse variance weighting(IVW)<0.05,odd ratio(OR)<1],while 21 others were associated with an increased risk of IBS onset(IVW≥0.05,OR≥1).CONCLUSION Our findings underscore a substantial genetic correlation between immune cell phenotypes and IBS,providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the condition.These results pave the way for the development of more precise biomarkers and targeted therapies for IBS.Furthermore,this research enriches our comprehension of immune cell roles in IBS pathogenesis,offering a foundation for more effective,personalized treatment approaches.These advancements hold promise for improving IBS patient quality of life and reducing the disease burden on individuals and their families.
文摘BACKGROUND Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN)is a rare and clinically aggressive hematologic malignancy originating from the precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells.BPDCN often involves the skin,lymph nodes,and bone marrow,with rapid clinical progression and a poor prognosis.The BPDCN diagnosis is mainly based on the immunophenotype.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we retrospectively analyzed 2 cases of BPDCN.Both patients were elderly males.The lesions manifested as skin masses.Morphological manifestations included diffuse and dense tumor cell infiltration of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cluster of differentiation CD4,CD56,CD43,and CD123 were positive.CONCLUSION In this paper,we retrospectively analyzed 2 cases of BPDCN.Both patients were elderly males.The lesions manifested as skin masses.Morphological manifestations included diffuse and dense tumor cell infiltration of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cluster of differentiation CD4,CD56,CD43,and CD123 were positive.
基金Supported by The Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau,No.2023MSXM060.
文摘We specifically discuss the mechanisms of the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and management of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN),a rare but aggressive haematologic malignancy characterized by frequent skin manifestations and systemic dissemination.The article enriches our understanding of BPDCN through detailed case reports showing the clinical,immunophenotypic,and histopathological features that are critical for diagnosing this disease.These cases highlight the essential role of pathologists in employing advanced immunophenotyping techniques to accurately identify the disease early in its course and guide treatment decisions.Furthermore,we explore the implications of these findings for management strategies,emphasizing the use of targeted therapies such as tagraxofusp and the potential of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in achieving remission.The editorial underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in managing BPDCN,pointing towards a future where precision medicine could significantly improve patient outcomes.
文摘Introduction: Since it is impossible to establish a diagnosis in the presence of hyperlymphocytosis not secondary to lymphocytic hyperactivation, we considered a B-lymphoid hematopathy with a non-specific phenotypic profile. We report one case of this. Observation: This is a forty-eight (48) year old patient with hyperlymphocytosis at 139,000 elements per cubic millimeter, heterogeneous splenomegaly at 25.6 cm in diameter on abdominal ultrasound without detectable deep or peripheral lymphadenopathy. Peripheral blood cytology shows lymphocyte cell proliferation suggestive of the circulating phase of chronic lymphoproliferative B syndrome. The expression profile of cell membrane markers did not allow for the definition of a specific phenotypic profile. Faced with this immunophenotyping result, we considered a B-lymphoid hemopathy with a non-specific phenotypic profile. After three courses, the MINICHOP treatment was used to achieve partial remission with wasting of more than 80% of the evaluable masses. Conclusion: Despite the contribution of immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative syndromes, it is possible to consider the diagnosis of a B-lymphoid hemopathy with a phenotypic non-specific profile of CD45+, monotypic kappa, CD19+, FMC7+, CD22+, CD5−, CD79b−, CD23−, CD43−, CD38−, CD200−.
基金the National NaOiral Science Foundation of China(No.81460030,81770221).
文摘Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN)is a rare hematological malignancy characterized by recurrent skin nodules,an aggressive clinical course with rapid involvement of hematological organs,and a poor prognosis with poor overall survival.BPDCN is derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)and its pathogenesis is unclear.The tumor cells show aberrant expression of CD4,CD56,interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain(CD 123),blood dendritic cell antigen 2(BDCA 2/CD303),blood dendritic cell antigen 4(BDCA4)and transcription factor(E protein)E2-2(TCF4).The best treatment drugs are based on experience by adopting those used for either leukemia or lymphoma.Relapse with drug resistance generally occurs quickly.Stem cell transplantation after the first complete remission is recommended and tagraxofusp is the first targeted therapy.In this review,we summarize the differentiation of BPDCN from its cell origin,its connection with normal pDCs,clinical characteristics,genetic mutations and advances in treatment of BPDCN.This review provides insights into the mechanisms of and new therapeutic approaches for BPDCN.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2007CB947802)the Natural Science Foundation of China to H.X. (No.30771228) and to X.M. (No.30771227)
文摘Immunophenotype is critical for diagnosing common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (common ALL) and detecting minimal residual disease. We developed a protocol to explore the immunophenotypic profiles of common ALL based on the expression levels of the antigens associated with B lymphoid development, including IL-7Rα (CD127), cytoplasmic CD79a (cCD79a), CD19, VpreB (CD179a), and sIgM, which are successive and essential for progression of B cells along their developmental pathway. Analysis of the immunophenotypes of 48 common ALL cases showed that the immunophenotypic patterns were highly heterogeneous, with the leukemic cell population differing from case to case. Through the comprehensive analysis of immunophenotypic patterns, the profiles of patient-specific composite leukemia cell populations could provide detailed information helpful for the diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and individualized therapies for common ALL.
基金Supported by CAPES, INCT-MM (FAPEMIG: CBB-APQ- 00075-09/CNPq 573646/2008-2)
文摘Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the liver, which affects a group of patients who lost their immunological tolerance to antigens of the liver. It is clinically characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia, elevated liver enzymes, presence of autoantibodies and histological changes. Although being rare in children, it represents a serious cause of chronic hepatic disease that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Clinical findings, exclusion of more common liver disorders and the detection of antibodies antinuclear antibodies, smooth muscle antibodies and anti-LKM1 are usually enough for diagnosis on clinical practice. The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to AIH remain obscure, but some research findings suggest the participation of immunologic and genetic factors. It is not yet knew the triggering factor or factors that stimulate inflammatory response. Several mechanisms proposed partially explain the immunologic findings of AIH. The knowledge of immune factors evolved might result in better markers of prognosis and response to treatment. In this review, we aim to evaluate the findings of research about genetic and immune markers and their perspectives of application in clinical practice especially in pediatric population.
文摘In cell therapy protocols, many tissues were proposed as a source of mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) isolation. So far, bone marrow(BM) has been presented as the main source of MSC despite the invasive isolation pro-cedure related to this source. During the last years, the umbilical cord(UC) matrix was cited in different studies as a reliable source from which long term ex vivo prolif-erating fibroblasts were isolated but with contradictory data about their immunophenotype, gene expression profile, and differentiation potential. Hence, an inter-esting question emerged: Are cells isolated from cord matrix(UC-MSC) different from other MSCs? In this re-view, we will summarize different studies that isolated and characterized UC-MSC. Considering BM-MSC as gold standard, we will discuss if UC-MSC fulfill different criteria that define MSC, and what remain to be done in this issue.
文摘In this paper,experimental findings concerning the kinetics of hematopoietic reconstitution are compared to corresponding clinical data.Although not clearly apparent,the transplantation practice seems to confirm the basic proposals of experimental hematology concerning hematopoietic reconstitution resulting from successive waves of repopulation stemming from different subpopulations of progenitor and stem cells.One of the "f irst rate" parameters in clinical transplantations in hematology;i.e.the CD34+ positive cell dose,has been discussed with respect to the functional heterogeneity and variability of cell populations endowed by expression of CD34.This parameter is useful only if the relative proportion of stem and progenitor cells in the CD34+ cell population is more or less maintained in a series of patients or donors.This proportion could vary with respect to the source,pathology,treatment,processing procedure,the graft ex vivo treatment and so on.Therefore,a universal dose of CD34+ cells cannot be def ined.In addition,to avoid further confusion,the CD34+ cells should not be named "stem cells" or "progenitor cells" since these denominations only concern functionally characterized cell entities.
文摘AIM:To investigate the clinical manifestations,diagnostic approaches,treatments,and outcomes of intraocular lymphoma.METHODS:In this retrospective study,16 patients(28 eyes)with intraocular lymphoma were recruited in the Department of Ophthalmology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,from 2004 to 2019.All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations.Vitreous specimens of 13 patients were sent for cytopathology examination and other adjunctive diagnostic procedures.Three patients were diagnosed with intraocular lymphoma according to analysis of the histopathological results of systemic lymphoma by one clinician.Twenty-three eyes were treated with intravitreal administration of methotrexate,4 eyes could not receive ocular treatment due to life-threatening lymphoma,and 1 eye did not require ocular treatment because the fundus lesions regressed after systematic chemotherapy.RESULTS:In 28 eyes,25 eyes were diagnosed with vitreoretinal lymphoma,and 3 eyes were diagnosed with ciliary body lymphoma,all of which were non-Hodgkin diffuse large B cell lymphomas.The final visual acuity improved in 15 eyes(54%),remained unchanged in 5 eyes(18%),and decreased in 8 eyes(29%).Anterior segment inflammation disappeared or reduced in 8 and 5 eyes,respectively;and 15 eyes had no anterior segment reaction.Twenty eyes had mild vitreous opacity,1 eye had mild vitritis,and 7 eyes had pars plana vitrectomy combinedwith silicone oil tamponade.Fundus lesions disappeared in 9 eyes and were relieved in 5 eyes;4 eyes showed no changes,and the remaining 10 eyes’fundus were normal.CONCLUSION:The clinical manifestations of intraocular lymphoma are diverse,and the misdiagnosis rate is high.Cytopathological analysis of vitreous is one of the gold standards for the diagnosis.Immunohistochemistry,gene rearrangement and flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis can improve the diagnostic rate.Ocular chemotherapy or radiotherapy regimens may preserve visual acuity,and a multidisciplinary team can provide individualized treatment for the patients.
