Treatment and functional reconstruction after central nervous system injury is a major medical and social challenge. An increasing number of researchers are attempting to use neural stem cells combined with artificial...Treatment and functional reconstruction after central nervous system injury is a major medical and social challenge. An increasing number of researchers are attempting to use neural stem cells combined with artificial scaffold materials, such as fibroin, for nerve repair. However, such approaches are challenged by ethical and practical issues. Amniotic tissue, a clinical waste product, is abundant, and amniotic epithe- lial cells are pluripotent, have low immunogenicity, and are not the subject of ethical debate. We hypothesized that amniotic epithelial cells combined with silk fibroin scaffolds would be conducive to the repair of spinal cord injury. To test this, we isolated and cultured amniotic epithelial cells, and constructed complexes of these cells and silk fibroin scaffolds. Implantation of the cell-scaffold complex into a rat model of spinal cord injury resulted in a smaller glial scar in the damaged cord tissue than in model rats that received a blank scaffold, or amniotic epithelial cells alone. In addition to a milder local immunological reaction, the rats showed less inflammatory cell infiltration at the trans- plant site, milder host-versus-graft reaction, and a marked improvement in motor function. These findings confirm that the transplantation of amniotic epithelial ceils combined with silk fibroin scaffold can promote the repair of spinal cord injury. Silk fibroin scaffold can provide a good nerve regeneration microenvironment for amniotic epithelial cells.展开更多
Spontaneous tumor regression is an extremely rare phenomenon in the oncology field. However, there are several case reports resulted in the regression of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and the accumulation of clinical ...Spontaneous tumor regression is an extremely rare phenomenon in the oncology field. However, there are several case reports resulted in the regression of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and the accumulation of clinical information and analyses of the mechanism can contribute to the development of a novel therapy. For this purpose, we have carefully reviewed 23 cases of spontaneously regressed HCC published in recent 5 years and our case. The information regarding the tumor size, tumor marker, treatments, etc., have been summarized. The mechanism of spontaneous regression has been discussed to date and presumed to be due to many factors, including hypoxia and immunological reactions. In this careful review of the 24 cases based on the clinical information, hypoxia, systemic inflammation, and both upon spontaneous regression were seen in 3, 8, and 4 cases, respectively amo ng t he 15 c as e s f or w hic h t he inf o r mat io n regarding the proposed mechanisms are available. Recent development of immunotherapeutic approaches in oncology shows promising results, therefore, accumulation of additional cases and analysis of mechanisms underlying the spontaneous regression of HCC are essential and could lead to the development of a new generation of immunotherapies including antibodies directed against immune reactions.展开更多
Multi-cellular organisms,including humans,have evolved immune systems as defense mechanisms against pathogens.The immune system employs the Toll-like receptor(TLR)family as its primary defensive mechanism against infe...Multi-cellular organisms,including humans,have evolved immune systems as defense mechanisms against pathogens.The immune system employs the Toll-like receptor(TLR)family as its primary defensive mechanism against infections.Their capacity to identify both foreign microbes and endogenous substances renders them crucial for controlling immune responses.This article aims to provide an overview of the structure,functions,properties and sig-naling mechanisms of TLRs.Additionally,it explores the involvement of TLRs in various disorders and discusses therapeutic strategies targeting TLR sig-naling pathways.TLRs are widely present in immune and non-immune cells and are dynamically regulated based on specific stimuli,such as pathogens or damaged host cells.Their activation triggers signaling cascades that lead to the production of type 1 interferons and proinflammatory cytokines.However,excessive TLR activation disrupts immune homeostasis and contributes to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.Innovative TLR signaling pathway antagonists and inhibitors have been developed to combat these conditions.TLRs are central to the immune system's ability to combat infections and maintain natural defenses.A novel challenge in the treatment of numerous disorders is the preservation of immune homeostasis while targeting TLR signaling.展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Wuxi Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission,No.MS201402
文摘Treatment and functional reconstruction after central nervous system injury is a major medical and social challenge. An increasing number of researchers are attempting to use neural stem cells combined with artificial scaffold materials, such as fibroin, for nerve repair. However, such approaches are challenged by ethical and practical issues. Amniotic tissue, a clinical waste product, is abundant, and amniotic epithe- lial cells are pluripotent, have low immunogenicity, and are not the subject of ethical debate. We hypothesized that amniotic epithelial cells combined with silk fibroin scaffolds would be conducive to the repair of spinal cord injury. To test this, we isolated and cultured amniotic epithelial cells, and constructed complexes of these cells and silk fibroin scaffolds. Implantation of the cell-scaffold complex into a rat model of spinal cord injury resulted in a smaller glial scar in the damaged cord tissue than in model rats that received a blank scaffold, or amniotic epithelial cells alone. In addition to a milder local immunological reaction, the rats showed less inflammatory cell infiltration at the trans- plant site, milder host-versus-graft reaction, and a marked improvement in motor function. These findings confirm that the transplantation of amniotic epithelial ceils combined with silk fibroin scaffold can promote the repair of spinal cord injury. Silk fibroin scaffold can provide a good nerve regeneration microenvironment for amniotic epithelial cells.
文摘Spontaneous tumor regression is an extremely rare phenomenon in the oncology field. However, there are several case reports resulted in the regression of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and the accumulation of clinical information and analyses of the mechanism can contribute to the development of a novel therapy. For this purpose, we have carefully reviewed 23 cases of spontaneously regressed HCC published in recent 5 years and our case. The information regarding the tumor size, tumor marker, treatments, etc., have been summarized. The mechanism of spontaneous regression has been discussed to date and presumed to be due to many factors, including hypoxia and immunological reactions. In this careful review of the 24 cases based on the clinical information, hypoxia, systemic inflammation, and both upon spontaneous regression were seen in 3, 8, and 4 cases, respectively amo ng t he 15 c as e s f or w hic h t he inf o r mat io n regarding the proposed mechanisms are available. Recent development of immunotherapeutic approaches in oncology shows promising results, therefore, accumulation of additional cases and analysis of mechanisms underlying the spontaneous regression of HCC are essential and could lead to the development of a new generation of immunotherapies including antibodies directed against immune reactions.
文摘Multi-cellular organisms,including humans,have evolved immune systems as defense mechanisms against pathogens.The immune system employs the Toll-like receptor(TLR)family as its primary defensive mechanism against infections.Their capacity to identify both foreign microbes and endogenous substances renders them crucial for controlling immune responses.This article aims to provide an overview of the structure,functions,properties and sig-naling mechanisms of TLRs.Additionally,it explores the involvement of TLRs in various disorders and discusses therapeutic strategies targeting TLR sig-naling pathways.TLRs are widely present in immune and non-immune cells and are dynamically regulated based on specific stimuli,such as pathogens or damaged host cells.Their activation triggers signaling cascades that lead to the production of type 1 interferons and proinflammatory cytokines.However,excessive TLR activation disrupts immune homeostasis and contributes to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.Innovative TLR signaling pathway antagonists and inhibitors have been developed to combat these conditions.TLRs are central to the immune system's ability to combat infections and maintain natural defenses.A novel challenge in the treatment of numerous disorders is the preservation of immune homeostasis while targeting TLR signaling.
