Objective:The preventive and therapeutic effects of direct moxibustion on a gastric cancer rat model induced by the intragastric administration of N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)were evaluated.Changes in t...Objective:The preventive and therapeutic effects of direct moxibustion on a gastric cancer rat model induced by the intragastric administration of N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)were evaluated.Changes in the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells in gastric tissues as well as related cytokines in serum were evaluated.The aim of the study was to explore the immunological mechanisms by which direct moxibustion may prevent gastric cancer lesions,thereby providing a basis for studies on the immunological mechanisms by which moxibustion prevents tumor development.Methods:Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:Control,control+moxibustion,model,and moxibustion groups.A gastric cancer rat model was induced by intragastric administration of 20 mg/mL MNNG,with a dose of 1 mL/100 g body weight,once daily for 16 weeks.The control+moxibustion and moxibustion groups received direct moxibustion simultaneously with modeling,continuing for 16 weeks.After the experiment,gastric tissue was collected,and morphological changes in the gastric mucosa in each group of rats were observed through H&E staining.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)and a western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of CD80 and CD86 in gastric tissues.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)were used to measure the levels of interleukin-12(IL-12),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),and tumor necrosis factor-beta(TNF-β)in rat serum.Results:Upon macroscopic observation,the gastric mucosa of rats in the control and control+moxibustion groups appeared uniformly red,with a glossy mucosal surface,normal gastric wall elasticity,and clear,regular mucosal folds,without hyperplasia or bleeding points.In the model group,the gastric mucosa was reduced in volume,the gastric wall thinned,elasticity decreased,mucosal folds were disordered,and yellow-white cauliflower-like lesions and yellow-brown hyperkeratosis were observed.In the moxibustion group,the gastric mucosa showed decreased elasticity,with disordered mucosal folds and granular hyperplasia.After H&E staining,the gastric mucosal structure was clear and intact in the control and control+moxibustion groups displaying an organized and uniform arrangement of the mucosa,submucosa,and muscularis propria,without hyperplasia or keratinization.In the model group,the epithelial glands in the gastric mucosa were disordered,with varied cell morphologies,thickened submucosa,and disrupted squamous epithelium that invaded downward into the muscularis propria.In the moxibustion group,the squamous epithelium did not invade the muscularis propria.IHC results showed higher expression levels of CD80 and CD86 in the gastric mucosa of the control+moxibustion group than in the control group(P<0.05)and lower expression levels in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05).The moxibustion group showed higher CD80 and CD86 levels than those in the model group(P<0.05).Western blotting indicated that CD80 and CD86 levels were higher in the moxibustion group than in the model group(P<0.05).ELISA results showed higher IL-12 levels in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05)and higher TNF-βand IFN-γlevels in the moxibustion group than in the model group(P<0.01).Conclusion:Direct moxibustion alleviates the pathological progression of gastric cancer in an MNNGinduced rat model.Its mechanisms may involve effects on the state of antigen-presenting cells,thereby promoting T cell activation and enhancing immune function.展开更多
BACKGROUND The coexistence of rheumatological and immunological diseases with nephropathy presents considerable clinical challenges.These challenges often result in heightened anxiety and depression,which detrimentall...BACKGROUND The coexistence of rheumatological and immunological diseases with nephropathy presents considerable clinical challenges.These challenges often result in heightened anxiety and depression,which detrimentally affect patient outcomes.Motivational psychological nursing,which incorporates motivational interview and cognitive-behavioral therapy,may offer a promising approach to address these psychological concerns.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of motivational psychological nursing in the reduction of anxiety and depression and improvement of the quality of life of patients with rheumatological and immunological diseases complicated by nephropathy.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 206 patients with rheumatological and immunological diseases complicated by nephropathy and who were treated between January 2021 and January 2025.The inclusion criteria were as follows:Aged 18-75 years,met the diagnostic criteria for rheumatological and immunological diseases with a renal biopsy classification above type II,hospitalized in our facility,received consistent basic nursing care,and had complete clinical data available.Participants allotted to the observation group(n=102)receiving motivational psychological nursing,and those in the control group(n=104)received standard care.Psychological status was assessed using Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Beck Anxiety Inventory,Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Patient Health Questionnaire-9,and other standardized measures.Intervention lasted throughout hospitalization,with follow-up assessments conducted before discharge.RESULTS Pre-intervention,anxiety,and depression scores were similar across groups.Postintervention,the observation group showed significant reductions in anxiety(SAS:44.53±6.72 vs 46.79±6.94;P=0.018)and depression(SDS:45.20±5.07 vs 46.97±5.25;P=0.014)compared with the control group.General self-efficacy(P=0.044),healthrelated quality of life(P=0.044),and World Health Organization Quality of Life(P=0.040)scores also revealed significant improvement.CONCLUSION Motivational psychological nursing considerably reduces anxiety and depression in patients with rheumatological and immunological diseases complicated by nephropathy,which enhances the overall quality of life.展开更多
In this study,polysaccharides were extracted from blueberry fruit(BFP)and isolated to 3 components(BFP-1,BFP-2 and BFP-3).The molecular weight,monosaccharide composition,characteristic groups,microscopic morphology,an...In this study,polysaccharides were extracted from blueberry fruit(BFP)and isolated to 3 components(BFP-1,BFP-2 and BFP-3).The molecular weight,monosaccharide composition,characteristic groups,microscopic morphology,and triple helical conformation of the polysaccharides were characterized using high performance permeation chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatographymass spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,scanning electron microscope and Congo red staining.Moreover,the hypolipidemic and immunological activities of the polysaccharides were also assessed.Results showed that the molecular weights of polysaccharides BFP-1,BFP-2,and BFP-3 were 5.547×10^(4),5.671×10^(4),and 3.951×10^(4)Da,respectively,the main monosaccharides were glucose(Glc),galactose(Gal)and arabinose(Ara),but BFP-3 was mainly composed of galacturonic acid(Gal A),Glc,Gal,and Ara.The backbone of BFP-1 was→4)-Glcp-(1→,which branches to Ara and xylose(Xyl)residues,while the backbone of BFP-2 was→5)-Araf-(1→,which branches to Xyl,Glc,rhamnose(Rha)and Gal residues,in particularly,BFP-3 has a more complex branching with a→3,6)-Galp-(1→)backbone,the side chain is dominated by Araf-(1→).Blueberry polysaccharides are pyran-type polysaccharides withα-glycosidic bonds,and BFP-1 has a typical triple-helical structure.The activity assay revealed that the binding of BFP-3 to sodium glycylcholate hydrate and sodium taurocholate was 79.95%and 78.50%,respectively,indicating that it had better hypolipidemic activity than the others.Immunoactivity assay showed that BFP promoted NO secretion through activating the NF-κB signalling pathway in RAW264.7 cells,which played a role in enhancing the immune function of the organism.These findings may provide a reference for the development and application of blueberry polysaccharides in functional food and medicine.展开更多
Tumor initiation and progression are highly intricate biolog-ical processes,and mutation-driven tumorigenesis is a pri-mary underlying cause.Personalized cancer vaccines have been developed to exploit these specific m...Tumor initiation and progression are highly intricate biolog-ical processes,and mutation-driven tumorigenesis is a pri-mary underlying cause.Personalized cancer vaccines have been developed to exploit these specific mutations,particu-larly in the form of tumor neoantigens,to induce immune responses,particularly the activation of CD8+T cells,which can attack malignant cells.Since tumor mutations result in protein sequence alterations distinct from those in normal tissues,therapies that precisely target these alterations could,in principle,confer effective tumor control while minimizing off-target effects.展开更多
In this paper, the effects of compound P. igniarius oral liquid’s crude polysaccharide on the immunologic function of mice were studied from four aspects, namely, carbon clearance test of mice, macrophage phagocytosi...In this paper, the effects of compound P. igniarius oral liquid’s crude polysaccharide on the immunologic function of mice were studied from four aspects, namely, carbon clearance test of mice, macrophage phagocytosis of chicken red blood cel s in the enterocoelia of mice （semi-in vivo method）, the ratio of organ to body weight, natural kil er （NK） cel activity in mice （the determination of lactate de-hydrogenase assay）. The results showed that high-dosage group（40 mL/kg） of com-pound P. igniarius oral liquid can obviously enhance the ability of carbon clearance of mice; middle-（20 mL/kg） and high-dosage groups can significantly enhance the phagocytic rate and phagocytic index of chicken erythrocyte of mouse macrophage;low-（10 mL/kg）, middle- and high-dosage groups can significantly enhance NK cel activity of mice. These showed that compound P. igniarius oral liquid can enhance mononuclear-macrophage and NK cel activity. In conclusion, compound P. igniarius oral liquid’s polysaccharide can enhance immunologic function and significantly im-prove the specific and nonspecific immunologic function.展开更多
[ Objective] The research aimed to explore effects of an immunological stress on immune response in different breeds of piglets （ Lulai pig, Laiwu pig and Yorkshire pig）. [Method] All the 12 weaning pigs （Lulai pig...[ Objective] The research aimed to explore effects of an immunological stress on immune response in different breeds of piglets （ Lulai pig, Laiwu pig and Yorkshire pig）. [Method] All the 12 weaning pigs （Lulai pig, Laiwu pig and Yorkshire pig） weighing （12.6 ±0.5） kg were used in a 2 x3 factorial design. The main factors consisted of immunological challenge （ LPS or saline） and breeds （ Lulai pig, Laiwu pig and Yorkshire pig）. On Day 1, six piglets of each breed were injected with LPS at the usage of 200 μg/kg BW or an equivalent amount of sterile saline, and in jected classical swine fever vaccine at the same time. Blood sample were collected on Day 2, 7 and 14 post injection to analyze the blood lympho cyte proliferation. The levels of antibodies against classical swine fever were tested on Day 1 prior to injection and on Day 7 and 14 post injection. [ Result] On Day 2 after injection, the lymphocyte transformation rate of piglets injected with LPS were significantly （P〈O. 01 ） increased compared with piglets injected with saline. The lymphocyte transformation rate of Laiwu piglets was significant higher than that of Yorkshire piglets （ P 〈 0.05）. Effects of immunological stress on the level of antibodies against classical swine fever were not significantly different among different breeds of pig lets. [ Conclusion] LPS can effectively stimulate cellular immunity response in different breeds of piglets, and the immune response ability is different among various breeds of piglets.展开更多
The gut pathogen Enterocloster bolteae(E.bolteae)has been associated with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).The development of an E.bolteae vaccine to prevent gastrointestinal diseases,might be beneficial for understandin...The gut pathogen Enterocloster bolteae(E.bolteae)has been associated with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).The development of an E.bolteae vaccine to prevent gastrointestinal diseases,might be beneficial for understanding and treating ASD.Capsular polysaccharide(CPS)is a major virulence factor for E.bolteae.Based on an antigenicity evaluation of oligosaccharides associated with E.bolteae CPS and a structural revision of this carbohydrate antigen,two series of glycans including the D-Manp-D-Rhap type oligosaccharides 13-18 and the D-Ribp-D-Rhap type disaccharides 19-23 related to E.bolteae WAL-16351 CPS were prepared.The hydrogen-bond mediated glycosylation and conformational locking strategy facilitated the constructions of two 1,2-cis-β-glycosidic linkages.Glycan microarray analysis revealed that oligosaccharides 4,5,and 19 are recognized by antibodies in the anti-E.bolteae sera.The sera IgG antibodies induced by glycoconjugate 19-CRM197 recognize the CPS and bacteria specifically,whereas the IgG antibodies induced respectively by glycoconjugates 4-CRM197 and 5-CRM197 showed almost no binding to the CPS and bacteria.These results indicated that disaccharide 19 is a potential candidate for the development of E.bolteae vaccines.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the immunological adjuvant function of aluminium phosphate and chicken IL-18 in NDV F gene vaccine. [Method] The vaccine （0.2 ml） containing aluminum phosphate adjuvant （...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the immunological adjuvant function of aluminium phosphate and chicken IL-18 in NDV F gene vaccine. [Method] The vaccine （0.2 ml） containing aluminum phosphate adjuvant （90 μg）, pcDNA/F （200μg）, and pcDNA/chlL-18 （200 μg） was prepared. The 7 d old chick- ens to be tested were randomly divided into six groups （12 chickens in each group） and immunized through intramuscular injection with inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines, pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18＋phosphate aluminum, pcDNA/F, pcDNA/F.＋pcDNA/ chlL-18, pcDNA/F＋aluminum phosphate, and physiological saline respectively; the secondary immunization was conducted with the same dose when the chickens were 21 d old. Their blood was sampled 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 d after first immunization. Anti- body titer was detected with ELISA and T cell transformation rate was measured with MIT. Experimental chicken will be challenged with 30 LD50 NDV virulence 28 d after first immunization. [Result] The survival rate of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F＋aluminium phosphate＋pcDNA/chlL-18 achieved 8/12, higher than that of those immunized with pcDNA/F 4/12 and pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18 （6/12）. The NDV antibody titer of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F＋ aluminum phosphate, pcD- NA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18 and pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18＋aluminum phosphate is not differ- ent （P〉0.05）, but significantly lower than that of the chickens immunized with tradi- tional vaccine （P〈0.05）. The T cell transformation rate of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18＋aluminium phosphate was obviously higher than that of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F （P〈0.05）. The T cell transformation rates of chickens immunized with pcDNA/F and the traditional vaccine showed no signifi- cant difference （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] Combination of aluminium phosphate and pcD- NA/chlL-18 can significantly enhance the immune effect of NDV F gene vaccine.展开更多
Multiple sclerosis （MS） is an autoimmune disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. At present, there are substantial evidences to support the hypothesis that genetics plays a crucial role. The peo...Multiple sclerosis （MS） is an autoimmune disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. At present, there are substantial evidences to support the hypothesis that genetics plays a crucial role. The people who have genetic predisposing genes easily develop immune-mediated disorder, probably in conjunction with environmental factors. The aim of this review is to describe recent observations regarding the immunologic pathogenesis of MS.展开更多
Objective:To discuss the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis(G.uralensis) Fisch polysaccharide on growth performance and immunologic function in mice in Ural City,Xinjiang and to provide important data supporting the appl...Objective:To discuss the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis(G.uralensis) Fisch polysaccharide on growth performance and immunologic function in mice in Ural City,Xinjiang and to provide important data supporting the application of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide.Methods:A total of100 Kunming mice aged 3 weeks old were randomly divided into 5 groups with 20 mice in each group(10 were females and 10 were males).About 0.5 mL normal saline was given to the mice of control group every day and 0.5 mL G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide was given to the mice of other groups at the concentration of 1,20,50 and 100 mg/mL respectively.The growth performance(average body weight,average daily feed intake and feed efficiency),immune organ indexes(spleen index and thymus index) and immunologic function(serum IL-2,CD4^+/CD8^+ and the activity of NK cells) of mice in each group were detected continuously.Results:The average body weight,feed efficiency,serum IL-2,CD4^+/CD8^+ and the activity of NK cells of mice were increased with the increase of administrated time after administrating G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide and were reached up the largest level on Day 28.At the same time,each index was proportional to the given dose and was significantly higher than those of control group and reached up the largest level at the administrated dose of 100 mg/mL.After administrating G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide,the spleen index and thymus index of mice were increased with the increase of administrated dose and the spleen index and thymus index of mice administrated with the dose of 100 mg/mL were maximum which was more than 1.51 times and 1.43 times of that in control group respectively and the comparative differences showed statistical significance(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake of mice in each group was increased with the passage of lime and at the same time,the comparison of average daily feed intake of mice in each group was not significantly different(P>0.05).Conclusions:G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide can significantly improve the growth performance and immunologic function of mice and laid a research basis for the clinical application of G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to characterize the diagnostic and vaccine potential of a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosisantigen Rv0674. Methods To evaluate thediagnostic potential and antigenicity of Rv0674, IgG was eval...Objective This study aimed to characterize the diagnostic and vaccine potential of a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosisantigen Rv0674. Methods To evaluate thediagnostic potential and antigenicity of Rv0674, IgG was evaluated using ELISA and interferon (IFN)-γ was done by using ELISpot assay among TB patients and healthy donors. For immunogenicity evaluation, BALB/c mice were immunized with Rv0674. Cytokine production was determined by cytokine release assay using an ELISA kit, and the antibodies were tested using ELISA. Results The results of serum Elisa tests showed that Rv0674 specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response was higher in TB patients than negative controls. And Rv0674 had good performance in serological test with sensitivity and specificity of 77.1% and 81.1%, respectively. While it shows poor sensitivity and specificity of 26.23% and 79.69% for IFN-γ tests. In BALB/c mice, Rv0674 adjuvant by DDA/PolyI:C could also induce a high level of IFN-γ, interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 as well as a high IgG titer in both high-and low-dose groups indicating that Rv0674 is essential in humoral and cellular immunity. Moreover, the cytokine profile and IgG isotypecharacterized Rv0674 as a Th1/Th2-mixed-type protective immunity with the predominance of Th1 cytokines. Conclusion Rv0674 may be a good potential candidate for the development of TB serological diagnosis and a new TB vaccine.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the role of CXCL16 in the pathogenesis of immunological liver injury and to explore the possible mechanism ofT lymphocyte infiltration regulated by CXCL16. METHODS： Immunological liver injury in ...AIM： To investigate the role of CXCL16 in the pathogenesis of immunological liver injury and to explore the possible mechanism ofT lymphocyte infiltration regulated by CXCL16. METHODS： Immunological liver injury in murine model was induced by Bacille Calmette-Guerin and lipopolysaccharide. Expression pattern and distribution of CXCL16 were examined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Anti-CXCL16 antibody was administrated in vivo to investigate its effect on T-cell recruitment and acute hepatic necrosis. The survival of murine model was also evaluated. RESULTS, The murine immunological liver injury model was successfully established, CXCL16 expression increased and predominantly distributed in periportal areas and vascular endothelia in injured liver tissues. Administration of anti-CXCL16 Ab protected the mice from death and acute liver damage. Approximately 70% of the mice survived for 72 h in the anti-CXCL16 Ab treatment group, whereas 80% died within 72 h in control Ab group. The number of liver-infiltrating T lymphocytes was significantly reduced from 1.01×10^7 to 3.52×10^6/liver, compared with control Ab treatment. CONCLUSION： CXCL16 is involved in immunological liver injury by regulating T lymphocyte infiltration in liver tissue.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the efficacy of integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and anti-retroviral therapy(ART),a customized combination of different classes of medications which was also called cock-tail treatment...OBJECTIVE:To explore the efficacy of integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and anti-retroviral therapy(ART),a customized combination of different classes of medications which was also called cock-tail treatment,on the immunological nonresponse(INR)in people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(PLWH).METHODS:Relevant literature in databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database(CNKI),Wanfang Digital Journal,Chinese Medical Journal Database(CMJD),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),Pub Med,Cochrane,and Embase was reviewed by two independent investigators.Data were extracted from the studies according to the eligible criteria and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.RESULTS:Nine randomized controlled trials(RCTs)with 1078 patients were analyzed.Our analyses showed that CD4 T cell counts in the treatment group improved compared with that in the control group[mean difference(MD)=13.51,95%confidence interval(CI):7.42-19.60,P<0.0001].There was no significant difference between the treated and control groups after 3 months(MD=25.31,95%CI:-2.78 to 53.41,P=0.08).However,after 6 and 12 months,the response of the treatment group was superior to the control group(MD=27.45,95%CI:7.09-47.81,P=0.008 and MD=27.34,95%CI:6.31–48.37,P=0.01,respectively).The clinical efficacy of the treatment group was also higher than that of the control group(RR=1.75,95%CI:1.16-2.65,P=0.007).However,CD45 RO and CD45 RA T cell counts did not differ significantly between the two groups(MD=12.37,95%CI:-6.71 to 31.45,P=0.20 and MD=5.67,95%CI:-3.00 to14.35,P=0.20,respectively).CONCLUSION:The combined treatment strategy of integrated TCM and Western Medicine promotes long-term reconstitution of the immune system and thus,is beneficial and has potential use for improving INR in PLWH.However,large-scale RCTs are required to provide evidence for optimal intervention strategies.展开更多
Hepatitis C virus （HCV） has been recognized to be both a hepato- and lymphotropic virus. HCV lymphotropism represents an essential lap in the pathogenesis of virus-related autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorder...Hepatitis C virus （HCV） has been recognized to be both a hepato- and lymphotropic virus. HCV lymphotropism represents an essential lap in the pathogenesis of virus-related autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders, ranging from clonal expansion of B-cells with organ-and non-organ-specific autoantibody production up to overt non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma along a continuous step-by-step model of B-cell lymphomagenesis, where the intermediated mixed cryoglobulinemia could be considered as a stage of suppressible antigen-driven lymphoproliferation. HCV infection of lymphoid ceils could set up privileged reservoirs able to interfere with the host viral clearance efficiency and may be implicated in viral recurrence after apparently successful antiviral therapy. The HCV long-lasting extrahepatic replicative state generates an abnormal systemic immunological response, easily detectable by searching simple laboratory and clinical parameters, mainly represented by vasculitis-like skin features and hypocomplementemia.The presence or absence of this hypersensitivity pattern seems to correlate with the antiviral response and could be identified as a novel immunological cofactor. Further research is required to fully verify the real impact on therapeutic choice/regimen.展开更多
The results of treatment of 54 cases of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)by warm needling(WN)and point-injection(PI)with Zhuifengsu are reported.Good clinical results were observedwith an effective rate of 100%.At the same tim...The results of treatment of 54 cases of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)by warm needling(WN)and point-injection(PI)with Zhuifengsu are reported.Good clinical results were observedwith an effective rate of 100%.At the same time,changes in cellular and humoral immunityand other parameters in peripheral blood were noted before and after treatment.The NK ac-tivity and IL-2 value in RA patients were found to be lower than those of normalindividuals;both increased after treatment(P【0.01).This suggests that the WN and PIwith Zhuifengsu exert a regulatory effect on the cellular immunological function.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the immunological effect of Vernonia amygdalina(V.amygdalina) leaf extract and immunace on HIV infected patients taking highly active antiretrwiral therapy. Methods:Fresh V.amygdalina leaves w...Objective:To investigate the immunological effect of Vernonia amygdalina(V.amygdalina) leaf extract and immunace on HIV infected patients taking highly active antiretrwiral therapy. Methods:Fresh V.amygdalina leaves were collected within Nsukka area in Enugu State.The leaves were rinsed with distilled water.Two handful of cleaned fresh leaves were soaked in 200 mL water and squeezed gently by hand to a mixture.Clients were divided into four groups and each group was given different combination.They took the medication for four weeks.The immune effect was tested against marketed immune booster in some retroviral clients.Results:The mean absolute CD4 count was increased in the client who took the extract or supplement.And the clients who took both the extract and supplement had a greater increase in the CD4 count.The increased CD4 was significant as compared with the control group(P<0.05).The skin rashes were also improved in the entire groups.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of V.amygdalina and immunace or both have immunological effect on HIV infected patients. Therefore,we suggest that the V.amygdalina extract or immunace or both could be used as adjuvant in the management of HIV/AIDS clients.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and manageme...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and management.It delves into host immune responses and reactivation’s delicate balance,spanning innate and adaptive immunity.Viral factors’disruption of this balance,as are interac-tions between viral antigens,immune cells,cytokine networks,and immune checkpoint pathways,are examined.Notably,the roles of T cells,natural killer cells,and antigen-presenting cells are discussed,highlighting their influence on disease progression.HBV reactivation’s impact on disease severity,hepatic flares,liver fibrosis progression,and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed.Management strategies,including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches,are critically analyzed.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation.In conclusion,this compre-hensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation.With a dedicated focus on understanding its implic-ations for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management stra-tegies,this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base.The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches,ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes.The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized,spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.展开更多
Many factors, such as environmental, microbial and endogenous stress, antigen localization, can trigger the immunological events that affect the ending of the diverse spectrum of ocular disorders. Significant advances...Many factors, such as environmental, microbial and endogenous stress, antigen localization, can trigger the immunological events that affect the ending of the diverse spectrum of ocular disorders. Significant advances in understanding of immunological and molecular mechanisms have been researched to improve the diagnosis and therapy for patients with ocular inflammatory diseases. Some kinds of ocular diseases are inadequately responsive to current medications;therefore, immunotherapy may be a potential choice as an alternative or adjunctive treatment, even in the prophylactic setting. This article first provides an overview of the immunological and molecular mechanisms concerning several typical and common ocular diseases; second, the functions of immunological roles in some of systemic autoimmunity will be discussed; third, we will provide a summary of the mechanisms that dictate immune cell trafficking to ocular local microenvironment in response to inflammation.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of perioperative restricted fluid therapy on circulating CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocyte ratio, percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg) and postopera...AIM: To investigate the effect of perioperative restricted fluid therapy on circulating CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocyte ratio, percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg) and postoperative complications in patients with colorectal cancer.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of different extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on immunological function in mice based on Meta-analysis and Network meta-analysis,the article retrieved domestic and foreign databases acco...To evaluate the effects of different extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on immunological function in mice based on Meta-analysis and Network meta-analysis,the article retrieved domestic and foreign databases according to the"PICO"retrieval strategy,and used Stata and ADDIS software for Meta analysis.A total of 6 reports,10 randomised controlled trials(RCTs)were eventually involved.Meta analysis results showed that:compared with the control group,the experimental group of polysaccharide,saponin and crude extract were better than that of the control(P<0.05),which significantly improved the immunological function in mice.Network meta-analysis results showed that the saponin had the best effect on the increase of phagocytic index and the differences were statistically significant[MD=1.50,95%CI(0.71,2.28),P<0.05];The polysaccharide and saponin had better effect on the increase of spleen index than the control and crude extract,and the differences were statistically significant[MD=0.77,95%CI(0.27,1.31),P<0.05],[MD=0.71,95%CI(0.01,1.50),P<0.05];the polysaccharide had the best effect on the increase of thymus index and the differences were statistically significant[MD=0.70,95%CI(0.11,1.34),P<0.05].The rank probability showed that the saponin of Pseudostellaria heterophylla had the maximum probability to increase phagocytic index of mice;the probability for the components of Pseudostellaria heterophylla increasing spleen index of mice was in the order of crude extract>polysaccharide>saponin;the probability for the components of Pseudostellaria heterophylla increasing thymus index of mice was in the order of saponin>polysaccharide>crude extract.Based on the available evidence,the extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla could improve the immunity of mice,and the clinical effect of polysaccharide and saponin was the best,which provided a more valuable scientific reference for evidencing that the polysaccharide and saponin of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was the effective components for improving immunological function,and also was conducive to the proper further development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla resources.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:81173342Scientific Research Ability Improvement Projects of Hebei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine(now known as Hebei University of Chinese Medicine):KTZ2019012Scientific Research Project of Hebei Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:2022361.2021095。
文摘Objective:The preventive and therapeutic effects of direct moxibustion on a gastric cancer rat model induced by the intragastric administration of N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)were evaluated.Changes in the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells in gastric tissues as well as related cytokines in serum were evaluated.The aim of the study was to explore the immunological mechanisms by which direct moxibustion may prevent gastric cancer lesions,thereby providing a basis for studies on the immunological mechanisms by which moxibustion prevents tumor development.Methods:Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:Control,control+moxibustion,model,and moxibustion groups.A gastric cancer rat model was induced by intragastric administration of 20 mg/mL MNNG,with a dose of 1 mL/100 g body weight,once daily for 16 weeks.The control+moxibustion and moxibustion groups received direct moxibustion simultaneously with modeling,continuing for 16 weeks.After the experiment,gastric tissue was collected,and morphological changes in the gastric mucosa in each group of rats were observed through H&E staining.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)and a western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of CD80 and CD86 in gastric tissues.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)were used to measure the levels of interleukin-12(IL-12),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),and tumor necrosis factor-beta(TNF-β)in rat serum.Results:Upon macroscopic observation,the gastric mucosa of rats in the control and control+moxibustion groups appeared uniformly red,with a glossy mucosal surface,normal gastric wall elasticity,and clear,regular mucosal folds,without hyperplasia or bleeding points.In the model group,the gastric mucosa was reduced in volume,the gastric wall thinned,elasticity decreased,mucosal folds were disordered,and yellow-white cauliflower-like lesions and yellow-brown hyperkeratosis were observed.In the moxibustion group,the gastric mucosa showed decreased elasticity,with disordered mucosal folds and granular hyperplasia.After H&E staining,the gastric mucosal structure was clear and intact in the control and control+moxibustion groups displaying an organized and uniform arrangement of the mucosa,submucosa,and muscularis propria,without hyperplasia or keratinization.In the model group,the epithelial glands in the gastric mucosa were disordered,with varied cell morphologies,thickened submucosa,and disrupted squamous epithelium that invaded downward into the muscularis propria.In the moxibustion group,the squamous epithelium did not invade the muscularis propria.IHC results showed higher expression levels of CD80 and CD86 in the gastric mucosa of the control+moxibustion group than in the control group(P<0.05)and lower expression levels in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05).The moxibustion group showed higher CD80 and CD86 levels than those in the model group(P<0.05).Western blotting indicated that CD80 and CD86 levels were higher in the moxibustion group than in the model group(P<0.05).ELISA results showed higher IL-12 levels in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05)and higher TNF-βand IFN-γlevels in the moxibustion group than in the model group(P<0.01).Conclusion:Direct moxibustion alleviates the pathological progression of gastric cancer in an MNNGinduced rat model.Its mechanisms may involve effects on the state of antigen-presenting cells,thereby promoting T cell activation and enhancing immune function.
文摘BACKGROUND The coexistence of rheumatological and immunological diseases with nephropathy presents considerable clinical challenges.These challenges often result in heightened anxiety and depression,which detrimentally affect patient outcomes.Motivational psychological nursing,which incorporates motivational interview and cognitive-behavioral therapy,may offer a promising approach to address these psychological concerns.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of motivational psychological nursing in the reduction of anxiety and depression and improvement of the quality of life of patients with rheumatological and immunological diseases complicated by nephropathy.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 206 patients with rheumatological and immunological diseases complicated by nephropathy and who were treated between January 2021 and January 2025.The inclusion criteria were as follows:Aged 18-75 years,met the diagnostic criteria for rheumatological and immunological diseases with a renal biopsy classification above type II,hospitalized in our facility,received consistent basic nursing care,and had complete clinical data available.Participants allotted to the observation group(n=102)receiving motivational psychological nursing,and those in the control group(n=104)received standard care.Psychological status was assessed using Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Beck Anxiety Inventory,Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Patient Health Questionnaire-9,and other standardized measures.Intervention lasted throughout hospitalization,with follow-up assessments conducted before discharge.RESULTS Pre-intervention,anxiety,and depression scores were similar across groups.Postintervention,the observation group showed significant reductions in anxiety(SAS:44.53±6.72 vs 46.79±6.94;P=0.018)and depression(SDS:45.20±5.07 vs 46.97±5.25;P=0.014)compared with the control group.General self-efficacy(P=0.044),healthrelated quality of life(P=0.044),and World Health Organization Quality of Life(P=0.040)scores also revealed significant improvement.CONCLUSION Motivational psychological nursing considerably reduces anxiety and depression in patients with rheumatological and immunological diseases complicated by nephropathy,which enhances the overall quality of life.
基金financial support received from the Anhui Provincial Excellent Scientific Research and Innovation Team(2023AH010050)the Key Research and Development Plan of Anhui Province(202204c06020013,202204c06020029)+1 种基金the“Biology and Medicine”key subject of Hefei University(2023xk05)the open research project of Anhui Ecological Fermentation Engineering Research Center for Functional Fruit Beverage(FSKFKT015)。
文摘In this study,polysaccharides were extracted from blueberry fruit(BFP)and isolated to 3 components(BFP-1,BFP-2 and BFP-3).The molecular weight,monosaccharide composition,characteristic groups,microscopic morphology,and triple helical conformation of the polysaccharides were characterized using high performance permeation chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatographymass spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,scanning electron microscope and Congo red staining.Moreover,the hypolipidemic and immunological activities of the polysaccharides were also assessed.Results showed that the molecular weights of polysaccharides BFP-1,BFP-2,and BFP-3 were 5.547×10^(4),5.671×10^(4),and 3.951×10^(4)Da,respectively,the main monosaccharides were glucose(Glc),galactose(Gal)and arabinose(Ara),but BFP-3 was mainly composed of galacturonic acid(Gal A),Glc,Gal,and Ara.The backbone of BFP-1 was→4)-Glcp-(1→,which branches to Ara and xylose(Xyl)residues,while the backbone of BFP-2 was→5)-Araf-(1→,which branches to Xyl,Glc,rhamnose(Rha)and Gal residues,in particularly,BFP-3 has a more complex branching with a→3,6)-Galp-(1→)backbone,the side chain is dominated by Araf-(1→).Blueberry polysaccharides are pyran-type polysaccharides withα-glycosidic bonds,and BFP-1 has a typical triple-helical structure.The activity assay revealed that the binding of BFP-3 to sodium glycylcholate hydrate and sodium taurocholate was 79.95%and 78.50%,respectively,indicating that it had better hypolipidemic activity than the others.Immunoactivity assay showed that BFP promoted NO secretion through activating the NF-κB signalling pathway in RAW264.7 cells,which played a role in enhancing the immune function of the organism.These findings may provide a reference for the development and application of blueberry polysaccharides in functional food and medicine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82341042 and 32270993)the PhD program of the Interdisciplinary Research Center,Sun Yat-sen University.
文摘Tumor initiation and progression are highly intricate biolog-ical processes,and mutation-driven tumorigenesis is a pri-mary underlying cause.Personalized cancer vaccines have been developed to exploit these specific mutations,particu-larly in the form of tumor neoantigens,to induce immune responses,particularly the activation of CD8+T cells,which can attack malignant cells.Since tumor mutations result in protein sequence alterations distinct from those in normal tissues,therapies that precisely target these alterations could,in principle,confer effective tumor control while minimizing off-target effects.
基金Supported by National-level Innovative Training Program for Undergraduate Students"On the Preparation of Immunity Enhancement Food Taking Phellinus igniarius Polysaccharide from Medicinal Fungus as Main Component"(201314046008)the Project of Unversity Teaching Reform:On Comprehensive Reform of Food Quality and Safety Specialty(0137Z5)~~
文摘In this paper, the effects of compound P. igniarius oral liquid’s crude polysaccharide on the immunologic function of mice were studied from four aspects, namely, carbon clearance test of mice, macrophage phagocytosis of chicken red blood cel s in the enterocoelia of mice （semi-in vivo method）, the ratio of organ to body weight, natural kil er （NK） cel activity in mice （the determination of lactate de-hydrogenase assay）. The results showed that high-dosage group（40 mL/kg） of com-pound P. igniarius oral liquid can obviously enhance the ability of carbon clearance of mice; middle-（20 mL/kg） and high-dosage groups can significantly enhance the phagocytic rate and phagocytic index of chicken erythrocyte of mouse macrophage;low-（10 mL/kg）, middle- and high-dosage groups can significantly enhance NK cel activity of mice. These showed that compound P. igniarius oral liquid can enhance mononuclear-macrophage and NK cel activity. In conclusion, compound P. igniarius oral liquid’s polysaccharide can enhance immunologic function and significantly im-prove the specific and nonspecific immunologic function.
文摘[ Objective] The research aimed to explore effects of an immunological stress on immune response in different breeds of piglets （ Lulai pig, Laiwu pig and Yorkshire pig）. [Method] All the 12 weaning pigs （Lulai pig, Laiwu pig and Yorkshire pig） weighing （12.6 ±0.5） kg were used in a 2 x3 factorial design. The main factors consisted of immunological challenge （ LPS or saline） and breeds （ Lulai pig, Laiwu pig and Yorkshire pig）. On Day 1, six piglets of each breed were injected with LPS at the usage of 200 μg/kg BW or an equivalent amount of sterile saline, and in jected classical swine fever vaccine at the same time. Blood sample were collected on Day 2, 7 and 14 post injection to analyze the blood lympho cyte proliferation. The levels of antibodies against classical swine fever were tested on Day 1 prior to injection and on Day 7 and 14 post injection. [ Result] On Day 2 after injection, the lymphocyte transformation rate of piglets injected with LPS were significantly （P〈O. 01 ） increased compared with piglets injected with saline. The lymphocyte transformation rate of Laiwu piglets was significant higher than that of Yorkshire piglets （ P 〈 0.05）. Effects of immunological stress on the level of antibodies against classical swine fever were not significantly different among different breeds of pig lets. [ Conclusion] LPS can effectively stimulate cellular immunity response in different breeds of piglets, and the immune response ability is different among various breeds of piglets.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22325803,22277042,22177041,22207042,22107037)the Max Planck Society International Partner Group Program,the China Scholarship Council(CSC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities for funding。
文摘The gut pathogen Enterocloster bolteae(E.bolteae)has been associated with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).The development of an E.bolteae vaccine to prevent gastrointestinal diseases,might be beneficial for understanding and treating ASD.Capsular polysaccharide(CPS)is a major virulence factor for E.bolteae.Based on an antigenicity evaluation of oligosaccharides associated with E.bolteae CPS and a structural revision of this carbohydrate antigen,two series of glycans including the D-Manp-D-Rhap type oligosaccharides 13-18 and the D-Ribp-D-Rhap type disaccharides 19-23 related to E.bolteae WAL-16351 CPS were prepared.The hydrogen-bond mediated glycosylation and conformational locking strategy facilitated the constructions of two 1,2-cis-β-glycosidic linkages.Glycan microarray analysis revealed that oligosaccharides 4,5,and 19 are recognized by antibodies in the anti-E.bolteae sera.The sera IgG antibodies induced by glycoconjugate 19-CRM197 recognize the CPS and bacteria specifically,whereas the IgG antibodies induced respectively by glycoconjugates 4-CRM197 and 5-CRM197 showed almost no binding to the CPS and bacteria.These results indicated that disaccharide 19 is a potential candidate for the development of E.bolteae vaccines.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the immunological adjuvant function of aluminium phosphate and chicken IL-18 in NDV F gene vaccine. [Method] The vaccine （0.2 ml） containing aluminum phosphate adjuvant （90 μg）, pcDNA/F （200μg）, and pcDNA/chlL-18 （200 μg） was prepared. The 7 d old chick- ens to be tested were randomly divided into six groups （12 chickens in each group） and immunized through intramuscular injection with inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines, pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18＋phosphate aluminum, pcDNA/F, pcDNA/F.＋pcDNA/ chlL-18, pcDNA/F＋aluminum phosphate, and physiological saline respectively; the secondary immunization was conducted with the same dose when the chickens were 21 d old. Their blood was sampled 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 d after first immunization. Anti- body titer was detected with ELISA and T cell transformation rate was measured with MIT. Experimental chicken will be challenged with 30 LD50 NDV virulence 28 d after first immunization. [Result] The survival rate of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F＋aluminium phosphate＋pcDNA/chlL-18 achieved 8/12, higher than that of those immunized with pcDNA/F 4/12 and pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18 （6/12）. The NDV antibody titer of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F＋ aluminum phosphate, pcD- NA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18 and pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18＋aluminum phosphate is not differ- ent （P〉0.05）, but significantly lower than that of the chickens immunized with tradi- tional vaccine （P〈0.05）. The T cell transformation rate of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18＋aluminium phosphate was obviously higher than that of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F （P〈0.05）. The T cell transformation rates of chickens immunized with pcDNA/F and the traditional vaccine showed no signifi- cant difference （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] Combination of aluminium phosphate and pcD- NA/chlL-18 can significantly enhance the immune effect of NDV F gene vaccine.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(No.2008011082-1).
文摘Multiple sclerosis （MS） is an autoimmune disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. At present, there are substantial evidences to support the hypothesis that genetics plays a crucial role. The people who have genetic predisposing genes easily develop immune-mediated disorder, probably in conjunction with environmental factors. The aim of this review is to describe recent observations regarding the immunologic pathogenesis of MS.
基金supported by Scientific Research Innovation Project of Graduate Education Innovation Fund from Xinjiang(Grant No. XJGRI2014057)
文摘Objective:To discuss the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis(G.uralensis) Fisch polysaccharide on growth performance and immunologic function in mice in Ural City,Xinjiang and to provide important data supporting the application of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide.Methods:A total of100 Kunming mice aged 3 weeks old were randomly divided into 5 groups with 20 mice in each group(10 were females and 10 were males).About 0.5 mL normal saline was given to the mice of control group every day and 0.5 mL G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide was given to the mice of other groups at the concentration of 1,20,50 and 100 mg/mL respectively.The growth performance(average body weight,average daily feed intake and feed efficiency),immune organ indexes(spleen index and thymus index) and immunologic function(serum IL-2,CD4^+/CD8^+ and the activity of NK cells) of mice in each group were detected continuously.Results:The average body weight,feed efficiency,serum IL-2,CD4^+/CD8^+ and the activity of NK cells of mice were increased with the increase of administrated time after administrating G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide and were reached up the largest level on Day 28.At the same time,each index was proportional to the given dose and was significantly higher than those of control group and reached up the largest level at the administrated dose of 100 mg/mL.After administrating G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide,the spleen index and thymus index of mice were increased with the increase of administrated dose and the spleen index and thymus index of mice administrated with the dose of 100 mg/mL were maximum which was more than 1.51 times and 1.43 times of that in control group respectively and the comparative differences showed statistical significance(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake of mice in each group was increased with the passage of lime and at the same time,the comparison of average daily feed intake of mice in each group was not significantly different(P>0.05).Conclusions:G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide can significantly improve the growth performance and immunologic function of mice and laid a research basis for the clinical application of G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project of China [2018ZX10731301-002]
文摘Objective This study aimed to characterize the diagnostic and vaccine potential of a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosisantigen Rv0674. Methods To evaluate thediagnostic potential and antigenicity of Rv0674, IgG was evaluated using ELISA and interferon (IFN)-γ was done by using ELISpot assay among TB patients and healthy donors. For immunogenicity evaluation, BALB/c mice were immunized with Rv0674. Cytokine production was determined by cytokine release assay using an ELISA kit, and the antibodies were tested using ELISA. Results The results of serum Elisa tests showed that Rv0674 specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response was higher in TB patients than negative controls. And Rv0674 had good performance in serological test with sensitivity and specificity of 77.1% and 81.1%, respectively. While it shows poor sensitivity and specificity of 26.23% and 79.69% for IFN-γ tests. In BALB/c mice, Rv0674 adjuvant by DDA/PolyI:C could also induce a high level of IFN-γ, interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 as well as a high IgG titer in both high-and low-dose groups indicating that Rv0674 is essential in humoral and cellular immunity. Moreover, the cytokine profile and IgG isotypecharacterized Rv0674 as a Th1/Th2-mixed-type protective immunity with the predominance of Th1 cytokines. Conclusion Rv0674 may be a good potential candidate for the development of TB serological diagnosis and a new TB vaccine.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30230320National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars from NSFC, No. 39925031National High Technology Research and Development Program of China, 863 grant 2004 AA215242Major State Basic Research Development Program of China, No. 2001CB510005partially by E-Institute of Shanghai Universities
文摘AIM： To investigate the role of CXCL16 in the pathogenesis of immunological liver injury and to explore the possible mechanism ofT lymphocyte infiltration regulated by CXCL16. METHODS： Immunological liver injury in murine model was induced by Bacille Calmette-Guerin and lipopolysaccharide. Expression pattern and distribution of CXCL16 were examined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Anti-CXCL16 antibody was administrated in vivo to investigate its effect on T-cell recruitment and acute hepatic necrosis. The survival of murine model was also evaluated. RESULTS, The murine immunological liver injury model was successfully established, CXCL16 expression increased and predominantly distributed in periportal areas and vascular endothelia in injured liver tissues. Administration of anti-CXCL16 Ab protected the mice from death and acute liver damage. Approximately 70% of the mice survived for 72 h in the anti-CXCL16 Ab treatment group, whereas 80% died within 72 h in control Ab group. The number of liver-infiltrating T lymphocytes was significantly reduced from 1.01×10^7 to 3.52×10^6/liver, compared with control Ab treatment. CONCLUSION： CXCL16 is involved in immunological liver injury by regulating T lymphocyte infiltration in liver tissue.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of China During the 13th Five-year Plan Period:New Adjuvant Strategies of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Immune Reconstruction for Long-term ART-treated People Living with HIV(No.2017ZX10205501)Study of AIDS-related Early Biomarkers for Disease Progression and Epidemic Predicting Model(No.2017ZX10201101)the Beijing Excellent Talent Plan(No.2018000021223ZK04)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the efficacy of integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and anti-retroviral therapy(ART),a customized combination of different classes of medications which was also called cock-tail treatment,on the immunological nonresponse(INR)in people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(PLWH).METHODS:Relevant literature in databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database(CNKI),Wanfang Digital Journal,Chinese Medical Journal Database(CMJD),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),Pub Med,Cochrane,and Embase was reviewed by two independent investigators.Data were extracted from the studies according to the eligible criteria and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.RESULTS:Nine randomized controlled trials(RCTs)with 1078 patients were analyzed.Our analyses showed that CD4 T cell counts in the treatment group improved compared with that in the control group[mean difference(MD)=13.51,95%confidence interval(CI):7.42-19.60,P<0.0001].There was no significant difference between the treated and control groups after 3 months(MD=25.31,95%CI:-2.78 to 53.41,P=0.08).However,after 6 and 12 months,the response of the treatment group was superior to the control group(MD=27.45,95%CI:7.09-47.81,P=0.008 and MD=27.34,95%CI:6.31–48.37,P=0.01,respectively).The clinical efficacy of the treatment group was also higher than that of the control group(RR=1.75,95%CI:1.16-2.65,P=0.007).However,CD45 RO and CD45 RA T cell counts did not differ significantly between the two groups(MD=12.37,95%CI:-6.71 to 31.45,P=0.20 and MD=5.67,95%CI:-3.00 to14.35,P=0.20,respectively).CONCLUSION:The combined treatment strategy of integrated TCM and Western Medicine promotes long-term reconstitution of the immune system and thus,is beneficial and has potential use for improving INR in PLWH.However,large-scale RCTs are required to provide evidence for optimal intervention strategies.
文摘Hepatitis C virus （HCV） has been recognized to be both a hepato- and lymphotropic virus. HCV lymphotropism represents an essential lap in the pathogenesis of virus-related autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders, ranging from clonal expansion of B-cells with organ-and non-organ-specific autoantibody production up to overt non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma along a continuous step-by-step model of B-cell lymphomagenesis, where the intermediated mixed cryoglobulinemia could be considered as a stage of suppressible antigen-driven lymphoproliferation. HCV infection of lymphoid ceils could set up privileged reservoirs able to interfere with the host viral clearance efficiency and may be implicated in viral recurrence after apparently successful antiviral therapy. The HCV long-lasting extrahepatic replicative state generates an abnormal systemic immunological response, easily detectable by searching simple laboratory and clinical parameters, mainly represented by vasculitis-like skin features and hypocomplementemia.The presence or absence of this hypersensitivity pattern seems to correlate with the antiviral response and could be identified as a novel immunological cofactor. Further research is required to fully verify the real impact on therapeutic choice/regimen.
文摘The results of treatment of 54 cases of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)by warm needling(WN)and point-injection(PI)with Zhuifengsu are reported.Good clinical results were observedwith an effective rate of 100%.At the same time,changes in cellular and humoral immunityand other parameters in peripheral blood were noted before and after treatment.The NK ac-tivity and IL-2 value in RA patients were found to be lower than those of normalindividuals;both increased after treatment(P【0.01).This suggests that the WN and PIwith Zhuifengsu exert a regulatory effect on the cellular immunological function.
文摘Objective:To investigate the immunological effect of Vernonia amygdalina(V.amygdalina) leaf extract and immunace on HIV infected patients taking highly active antiretrwiral therapy. Methods:Fresh V.amygdalina leaves were collected within Nsukka area in Enugu State.The leaves were rinsed with distilled water.Two handful of cleaned fresh leaves were soaked in 200 mL water and squeezed gently by hand to a mixture.Clients were divided into four groups and each group was given different combination.They took the medication for four weeks.The immune effect was tested against marketed immune booster in some retroviral clients.Results:The mean absolute CD4 count was increased in the client who took the extract or supplement.And the clients who took both the extract and supplement had a greater increase in the CD4 count.The increased CD4 was significant as compared with the control group(P<0.05).The skin rashes were also improved in the entire groups.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of V.amygdalina and immunace or both have immunological effect on HIV infected patients. Therefore,we suggest that the V.amygdalina extract or immunace or both could be used as adjuvant in the management of HIV/AIDS clients.
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and management.It delves into host immune responses and reactivation’s delicate balance,spanning innate and adaptive immunity.Viral factors’disruption of this balance,as are interac-tions between viral antigens,immune cells,cytokine networks,and immune checkpoint pathways,are examined.Notably,the roles of T cells,natural killer cells,and antigen-presenting cells are discussed,highlighting their influence on disease progression.HBV reactivation’s impact on disease severity,hepatic flares,liver fibrosis progression,and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed.Management strategies,including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches,are critically analyzed.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation.In conclusion,this compre-hensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation.With a dedicated focus on understanding its implic-ations for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management stra-tegies,this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base.The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches,ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes.The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized,spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.
文摘Many factors, such as environmental, microbial and endogenous stress, antigen localization, can trigger the immunological events that affect the ending of the diverse spectrum of ocular disorders. Significant advances in understanding of immunological and molecular mechanisms have been researched to improve the diagnosis and therapy for patients with ocular inflammatory diseases. Some kinds of ocular diseases are inadequately responsive to current medications;therefore, immunotherapy may be a potential choice as an alternative or adjunctive treatment, even in the prophylactic setting. This article first provides an overview of the immunological and molecular mechanisms concerning several typical and common ocular diseases; second, the functions of immunological roles in some of systemic autoimmunity will be discussed; third, we will provide a summary of the mechanisms that dictate immune cell trafficking to ocular local microenvironment in response to inflammation.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of perioperative restricted fluid therapy on circulating CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocyte ratio, percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg) and postoperative complications in patients with colorectal cancer.
文摘To evaluate the effects of different extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on immunological function in mice based on Meta-analysis and Network meta-analysis,the article retrieved domestic and foreign databases according to the"PICO"retrieval strategy,and used Stata and ADDIS software for Meta analysis.A total of 6 reports,10 randomised controlled trials(RCTs)were eventually involved.Meta analysis results showed that:compared with the control group,the experimental group of polysaccharide,saponin and crude extract were better than that of the control(P<0.05),which significantly improved the immunological function in mice.Network meta-analysis results showed that the saponin had the best effect on the increase of phagocytic index and the differences were statistically significant[MD=1.50,95%CI(0.71,2.28),P<0.05];The polysaccharide and saponin had better effect on the increase of spleen index than the control and crude extract,and the differences were statistically significant[MD=0.77,95%CI(0.27,1.31),P<0.05],[MD=0.71,95%CI(0.01,1.50),P<0.05];the polysaccharide had the best effect on the increase of thymus index and the differences were statistically significant[MD=0.70,95%CI(0.11,1.34),P<0.05].The rank probability showed that the saponin of Pseudostellaria heterophylla had the maximum probability to increase phagocytic index of mice;the probability for the components of Pseudostellaria heterophylla increasing spleen index of mice was in the order of crude extract>polysaccharide>saponin;the probability for the components of Pseudostellaria heterophylla increasing thymus index of mice was in the order of saponin>polysaccharide>crude extract.Based on the available evidence,the extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla could improve the immunity of mice,and the clinical effect of polysaccharide and saponin was the best,which provided a more valuable scientific reference for evidencing that the polysaccharide and saponin of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was the effective components for improving immunological function,and also was conducive to the proper further development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla resources.
