The FlaA gene from Vibrio harveyi marker, was cloned into the eukaryotic expression with a short nucleotide sequence encoding the Flag vector pcDNA3.1（＋） （designated as pcFlaA）. Ninety grouper （Epinephelus awoar...The FlaA gene from Vibrio harveyi marker, was cloned into the eukaryotic expression with a short nucleotide sequence encoding the Flag vector pcDNA3.1（＋） （designated as pcFlaA）. Ninety grouper （Epinephelus awoara） were separated into three equal size groups. An experimental group was immunized with pcFlaA, Control I group was immunized with the vector pcDNA3.1（＋）, and Control 1I group was immunized with PBS. The expression of pcFlaA mRNA and protein was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and immunohistochemistry. We also evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of pcFlaA against V. harveyi by measuring the lymphocyte proliferation response and serum levels of specific antibody and conducting a bacterial challenge test. We successfully transfected the fish muscle with pcFlaA. The pcFlaA mRNA and protein was expressed in the muscle cells for up to one month following injection. The proliferation response of lymphocytes in fish immunized with pcFlaA was significantly higher than in control group II. Furthermore, the immunized fish generated specific antibody. The vaccination also resulted in significantly higher survival during the bacterial challenge test.展开更多
Manuscript of Carrera et al is devoted to immunization in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)that is very important issue in gastroenterology.However,some specific definitions used in the article need clarification.Effica...Manuscript of Carrera et al is devoted to immunization in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)that is very important issue in gastroenterology.However,some specific definitions used in the article need clarification.Efficacy of vaccine is measured in a randomised,placebo-controlled studies,that are expensive and difficult to plan.Moreover,it is unethical to offer a placebo instead of vaccine.For all of these reasons,efficacy of vaccine is measured in IBD patients rarely.Effectiveness of vaccine is measured as an epidemiological affect from observational studies.These studies are also uncommon in IBD because it would be difficult to perform a study that assess the prevalence of one rare disease(vaccine-preventable)in patients with a chronic rare condition,such as IBD.Immunogenicity of vaccine refers to the ability of a vaccine to induce an immune response in a vaccinated individual that is,in fact,the matter of the article.展开更多
Incorporation of biomolecular epitopes to malarial antigens should be explored in the development of straintranscending malarial vaccines.The present study sought to determine safety,immunogenicity and cross-species e...Incorporation of biomolecular epitopes to malarial antigens should be explored in the development of straintranscending malarial vaccines.The present study sought to determine safety,immunogenicity and cross-species efficacy of Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen 5 polypeptide co-expressed with epitopes of BacilleCalmette Guerin（BCG）,tetanus toxoid（TT） and a chemokine gene.Olive baboons and BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into vaccine and control groups.The vaccine group animals were primed and boosted twice with pIRES plasmids encoding the SERA5 ＋ BCG ＋ TT alone,or with either CCL5 or CCL20 and the control group with pIRES plasmid vector backbone.Mice and baboons were challenged with P.berghei ANKA and P.knowlesi H strain parasites,respectively.Safety was determined by observing for injection sites reactogenicities,hematology and clinical chemistry.Parasitaemia and survivorship profiles were used to determine cross-species efficacy,and T cell phenotypes,Th1-,Th2-type,T-regulatory immune responses and antibody responses were assessed to determine vaccine immunogenicity.The pSeBCGTT plasmid DNA vaccines were safe and induced Thl-,Th2-type,and Tregulatory responses vaccinated animals showed enhanced CD4~＋（P〈0.01）,CD 8~＋ T cells（P〈 0.001） activation and IgG anti-SE36 antibodies responses（P〈 0.001） at week 4 and 8 post vaccination compared to the control group.Vaccinated mice had a 31.45-68.69%cumulative parasite load reduction and 60%suppression in baboons（P〈0.05）and enhanced survivorship（P〈 0.001） with no clinical signs of malaria compared to the control group.The results showed that the vaccines were safe,immunogenic and conferred partial cross-species protection.展开更多
In order to obtain a fowl avidenovirus type 4 strain with good immunogenicity,chicken liver tissues suspected of adenovirus infection in a chicken farm in Binzhou were treated and then inoculated to chicken liver hepa...In order to obtain a fowl avidenovirus type 4 strain with good immunogenicity,chicken liver tissues suspected of adenovirus infection in a chicken farm in Binzhou were treated and then inoculated to chicken liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells(LMH).The cell cultures were extracted for DNA,which was subjected to PCR identification and sequencing analysis,and animal regression test and immunogenicity test were also carried out.The results showed that one fowl avidenovirus strain was successfully isolated.The isolated strain was inoculated to LMH cells,and the first generation showed obvious cytopathic changes.The PCR identification result of the 8^(th)generation cell culture of the isolated virus strain on LMH cells was positive.The sequencing result and NCBI sequence alignment analysis showed that the isolated virus strain had the highest nucleotide similarity with fowl avidenovirus type 4,reaching 100%,indicating that the isolated strain was of fowl avidenovirus type 4.The strain could cause the death of 21-day-old SPF chickens,with a mortality rate of 100%,and could completely replicate the same symptoms as clinically infected chickens after being challenged.The three batches of oil vaccine prepared with the isolated strain had a protection rate of 100%,and the geometric mean values of serum agar expansion titers were 1∶4.6,1∶4.9,and 1∶4.6,respectively.It can be seen that the isolated virus is of fowl avidenovirus type 4 in group I,and has good immunogenicity.展开更多
Background During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,there is an urgent need for safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines to protect children and adolescents.This study aims to provide scientific evidence and ...Background During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,there is an urgent need for safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines to protect children and adolescents.This study aims to provide scientific evidence and recommendations for the application of COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents by analyzing the latest studies.Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE(accessed through PubMed),Embase,and Web of Science from January 1,2020,to October 8,2022.Eligible clinical trials,cohort studies,case‒control studies,and cross-sectional studies with extractable data were included in immunogenicity,effectiveness,and safety analyses.According to the heterogeneity,we chose a fixed-effect model(when I2≤50)or a random-effects model(when I2>50)to pool effect values.Results A total of 88 articles were included.The seroconversion rates after the first,second,and third doses of the vaccines were 86.10%,96.52%,and 99.87%,respectively.After the first and second doses,vaccine effectiveness(VE)against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was 42.87%[95%confidence interval(CI)=27.09%–58.65%]and 63.33%(95%CI=52.09%–74.56%),respectively.After the first and second doses,VE against COVID-19 was 60.65%(95%CI=44.80%–76.50%)and 75.77%(95%CI=63.99%–87.56%),respectively.VE against hospitalization due to COVID-19 after the first and second doses was 72.74%(95%CI=51.48%–94.01%)and 82.78%(95%CI=75.78%–89.78%),respectively.The most common adverse events were injection site pain,fatigue/asthenia/tiredness,headache,myalgia/muscle pain,and chills.The incidence rate of myocarditis or pericarditis was 2.42/100,000 people.In addition,the subgroup analysis showed that children aged≤5 years had the lowest incidence of adverse events,and the incidence rate of adverse events was higher for mRNA vaccines than for inactivated vaccines.Conclusions COVID-19 vaccines have good immunogenicity,effectiveness,and safety among children and adolescents.We recommend that children and adolescents be vaccinated as soon as possible to protect them and slow the spread of COVID-19.展开更多
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS),caused by a novel identified bunyavirus SFTS virus(SFTSV),was an emerging viral infectious disease that was firstly reported in China.There are no licensed vaccines an...Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS),caused by a novel identified bunyavirus SFTS virus(SFTSV),was an emerging viral infectious disease that was firstly reported in China.There are no licensed vaccines and therapeutics against SFTSV currently.B‐Propiolactone(BPL)inactivated whole virions of SFTSV strain AH12 were prepared as experimental vaccine in different antigen dose with or without Al(OH)3 adjuvant.The experimental SFTS vaccine was a satisfying immunogen,which could efficiently trigger the development of high levels of SFTSV NP‐specific IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against SFTSV Strain HB29 in BALB/c and C57/BL6 mice,and could induce SFTS virus‐specific cellular immune responses to a certain extent.A single dose of vaccine was immunogenically insufficient in BALB/c mice;the second and third dose resulted in significant boost in antibody response.The use of Al(OH)3 adjuvant resulted in higher antibody titers.The mediate‐dose of vaccine could induce as high and equivalent level of antibody titer as that of high‐dose.The experimental SFTS vaccine in mediate‐and high antigen dose with adjuvant resulted in solid protection of C57/BL6 mice against wild‐type SFTSV challenge with markedly accelerated virus clearance from blood and spleen compared with controls.The experimental SFTS vaccine prepared in this study could efficiently elicit virus specific humoral and cellular immune responses in both BALB/c and C57/BL6 mice,and could protect C57/BL6 mice against SFTS virus challenge.These results supplied evidence that inactivated vaccine was a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of SFTSV infection.展开更多
Introduction:Nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)and Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)share significant genomic similarity,enabling NTM to induce protective immune responses against MTB infection.This characteristic has led...Introduction:Nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)and Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)share significant genomic similarity,enabling NTM to induce protective immune responses against MTB infection.This characteristic has led to their increasing application in tuberculosis(TB)vaccine development.This study evaluated the immunological properties of a Mycobacterium intracellulare(Mit)strain to provide scientific evidence for the development of novel TB vaccines.Methods:Whole-cell proteins were extracted from the Mit strain CHPC 1.5701 and used to establish a mouse immunization model.Key antibody and cytokine parameters were measured to assess immune responses.Additionally,a subcutaneous air pouch model was developed on the dorsal surface of mice to evaluate neutrophil recruitment capacity.Resuls:Mice in the experimental group developed high IgG antibody titers(1:921,600±446,351.3)and demonstrated a Th1-type immune response.Post-immunization serum antibodies exhibited cross-reactivity with MTB whole-cell proteins.The subcutaneous air pouch model revealed substantial neutrophil recruitment following antigen challenge.Conclusions:Mit whole-cell proteins demonstrate potent immunogenicity and cross-reactivity with MTB whole-cell proteins,suggesting potential applications in the immunoprevention and treatment of tuberculosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction(MI)occupies a very high mortality and morbidity rate,and the search for effective pharmacological treatments has far-reaching implications for clinical research.AIM To explore the prot...BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction(MI)occupies a very high mortality and morbidity rate,and the search for effective pharmacological treatments has far-reaching implications for clinical research.AIM To explore the protective effects of Mongolian medicine Agari-5 on rats with MI.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were used,and both the Agari-5 and model groups had their coronary arteries clamped to induce MI.Proteomics was used to research the potential mechanism of action while ELISA,hematoxylin and eosin,and Masson’s staining were used to preliminarily investigate the protective impact of Agari-5 on rats with MI.RESULTS The current study has shown that Agari-5 might enhance cardiac function indicators,including echocardiography results of rats and creatine kinase,creatine kinase isoenzyme,and lactate dehydrogenase,in rats that had MI.According to the results of pathological staining,Agari-5 may lessen inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiomyocyte fibrosis,among other things.The proteome analysis revealed that there were 60 distinct proteins in total,four of which were associated with the heart.The expression of PSAT1,PDK1,SMAD4,and SDF2 proteins may be linked to the mechanism of their protective effects.CONCLUSION Potential therapeutic effects of Agari-5 for MI and its mechanism of action may be related to PSAT1,PDK1,SMAD4,and SDF2.展开更多
In order to prepare the shielding fabrics with high efficiency of power frequency(PF)shielding and excellent electrical conductivity,different ratios of aramid/stainless steel fiber blended yarns were used to weave th...In order to prepare the shielding fabrics with high efficiency of power frequency(PF)shielding and excellent electrical conductivity,different ratios of aramid/stainless steel fiber blended yarns were used to weave the shielding fabrics with different specifications.The fabric structure,fabric areal density,number of fabric layers,embedding ratio of copper-clad wires wrapped aramid yarns(denoted as CCWWA)and embedding direction were designed,and a total of 34 different types of shielding fabrics were woven for testing.The experiments were mainly conducted to study the influence mechanism of various factors on the PF shielding effectiveness by testing the electrical conductivity and PF shielding effectiveness of the fabrics.The research results indicate that the PF shielding effectiveness improves with increasing fabric areal density and metal fiber content.The fabrics embedded with CCWWA,particularly those with bidirectional embedding,exhibit a significant enhancement in the PF shielding effectiveness,showing an increase of 8-20 dB compared to the fabrics without CCWWA.The PF shielding effectiveness varies across different fabric structures,with plain weave fabrics demonstrating the superior PF shielding effectiveness due to their compact structure.Non-conductive base fabric has minimal impact on the PF shielding effectiveness.As the number of fabric layers increases,the PF shielding effectiveness initially improves but then declines,peaking with double-layer fabrics.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of Siwu Xuanhu decoction on the liver of mice with acute liver injury induced by CCl 4.[Methods]A total of 48 ICR mice were randomly assigned to six groups:a blank con...[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of Siwu Xuanhu decoction on the liver of mice with acute liver injury induced by CCl 4.[Methods]A total of 48 ICR mice were randomly assigned to six groups:a blank control group,a model group,a low dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(100 mg/kg),a medium dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(200 mg/kg),a high dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(300 mg/kg),and a positive control group(silymarin 2 mg/kg).Each group comprised 8 mice.Each dosing group received the designated dose of the drug(10 mL/kg)via continuous gavage,while the blank group and the model group were administered an equivalent volume of normal saline for four weeks,three times per week.An acute liver injury model was established through the intraperitoneal administration of a 20%CCl 4 olive oil solution at a dosage of 2 mL/kg in all experimental groups,with the exception of the control group,which received an equivalent volume of the olive oil solution.After 24 h fasting with water intake,blood samples were collected from the ocular region.The blood samples were allowed to stand and subsequently subjected to centrifugation to isolate the upper layer of serum,and a diagnostic kit was employed to measure the levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and interleukin-6(IL-6),and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the serum.[Results]In comparison to the control group,serum levels of AST and ALT were significantly elevated in the model group.Furthermore,when compared to the model group,treatment with Siwu Xuanhu decoction resulted in a reduction of serum levels of ALT,AST,and IL-6,while simultaneously increasing SOD activities.[Conclusions]Siwu Xuanhu decoction exhibits a protective effect against acute liver injury induced by CCl 4 in mice.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of xanthoxylin on acute lung injury induced by D-Galactosamine(D-GalN)and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a norma...[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of xanthoxylin on acute lung injury induced by D-Galactosamine(D-GalN)and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,a silybin group(50 mg/kg),and three xanthoxylin groups(low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose as 60,120,and 240 mg/kg),10 rats per group.The rats were administered for 17 consecutive days,on day 14,all the rats except for the normal group were intraperitoneally injected with a D-GalN(400 mg/kg)/LPS(30μg/kg)mixture once to establish acute lung injury models.At 72 h after modeling,their serum MCP-1 levels,IL-1β,IL-6,PCT,CRP,TNF-αlevels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,and IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in lung tissue were measured,and lung tissue histological examination were checked by HE staining.[Results]Compared with the model group,the serum MCP-1 levels,IL-1β,IL-6,PCT,CRP,TNF-αlevels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,and IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in lung tissue in xanthoxylin groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and lung tissue injury were alleviated.[Conclusions]Xanthoxylin has protective effects on acute lung injury in rats,and it may be related to the increase of anti-inflammatory capacity and the promotion of lung tissue self-healing.展开更多
This paper analyzes the control mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and proposes the concept of an effective pressure relief protection range, based on the stress relief of the underlying coal-rock mass and the develo...This paper analyzes the control mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and proposes the concept of an effective pressure relief protection range, based on the stress relief of the underlying coal-rock mass and the development of a plastic zone. Also this study developed a stress change and fracture development model of the underlying coal-rock mass. In addition, the stress and depth of fracture of any point in the floor were deduced with the application of Maple Calculation Software. The specific engineering parameters of the Pingdingshan No. 12 colliery were applied to determine the relationship between the depth of fracture in the floor and the mining height. The pressure-relief principle of the underlying coal-rock mass was analyzed while varying the mining height of the upper protective seam. The findings indicate that as the depth of fracture in the floor increases, the underlying coal-rock mass experiences a limited amount of pressure relief, and the pressure relief protection range becomes narrower.Additionally, the stress distribution evolves from a ‘‘U" shape into a ‘‘V" shape. A 2.0 m mining height of protective seam situates the outburst-prone seam, Ji_(15), within the effective pressure relief protection range. The fracture development and stress-relief ratio rises to 88%, ensuring the pressure-relief effect as well as economic benefits. The measurement data show that: after mining the upper protective seam, the gas pressure of Ji_(15) dropped from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, demonstrating agreement between the engineering application and the theoretical calculation.展开更多
Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and microRNAs （miRNAs） could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNA...Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and microRNAs （miRNAs） could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNAs in the cardioprotection by electroacupuncture pre-treatment on myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine whether miR-214 was involved in cardio-protection by electroacupuncture. Methods Using rat myocardial I/R model, we examined the role of electroacupuncture pretreatment in myocardial I/R injury and analyzed the changes in the expression of miR-214. In addition, I/R was simulated in vitro by performing oxy-gen-glucose deprivation （OGD） on H9c2 cell cultures, and the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on I/R injury as well as expressional level of miR-214 were examined in vitro. Furthermore, the miR-214 mimic was transfected into OGD-treated H9c2 cells, we analyzed the cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and creatine kinase （CK） activities, intracellular free Ca2＋concentration （[Ca2＋]i） as well as the relative protein levels of sodium/calcium exchanger 1（NCX1）, BCL2-like 11 （BIM）, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ（CaMKIIδ） and Cyclophilin D （CypD）. Results The in vivo results revealed that compared with the I/R group, the electroacupuncture pretreatment group showed significant decreased myocardial infarct size, as well as the increased indices of the cardiac function, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rising and declining （±dp/dt max）. In addition, electroacupuncture pretreatment could inhibit the elevation of LDH and CK activities induced by I/R injury. The quantitative PCR （qPCR） results demonstrated electroacupuncture pretreatment could provide cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in rats with miR-214 up-regulation. In the meanwhile, in vitro, electroacupuncture pretreatment protected H9c2 cells from OGD-induced injury. Trans-fection of miR-214 mimic showed protective effects on OGD-induced injury to H9c2 cells by reducing apoptosis, decreasing LDH and CK activities, rescuing the OGD-induced Ca2＋and down-regulating elevated protein levels of NCX1, BIM, CaMKIIδand CypD. Conclusions Our findings firstly demonstrated that electroacupuncture pretreatment promotes the expression of miR-214 in myocardial I/R injury and miR-214 contributes to the protective effect of electroacupuncture on myocardial I/R injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The majority of studies addressing spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury （SCIRI） have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reports that human umbilica...BACKGROUND： The majority of studies addressing spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury （SCIRI） have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reports that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell （hUCMSC） transplantation achieves good therapeutic effects, but the mechanisms underlying nerve protection remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To observe survival of transplanted hUCMSCs in SCIRI rat models and the influence on motor function in the hind limbs, to determine interleukin-8 expression and cellular apoptosis in spinal cord tissues, and to verify the hypothesis that hUCMSC transplantation exhibits protective effects on SCIRI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Orthopedics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China between January 2007 and December 2008. MATERIALS： hUCMSCs were harvested from umbilical cord blood of healthy pregnant women after parturition in the Obstetrical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China. Rabbit anti-human BrdU monoclonal antibody was provided by DAKO, USA. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） Kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） Kit were purchased by Wuhan Boster, China. METHODS： A total of 72 healthy, Wistar, adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups： sham-surgery, model, and transplantation, with 24 rats in each group. SCIRI was induced in the model and transplantation groups via the abdominal aorta block method. The infrarenal abdominal aorta was not blocked in the sham-surgery group. Prior to abdominal aorta occlusion, 0.2 03 mL bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU）-Iabeled hUCMSCs suspension （cell concentration 5 × 10 3/uL） was injected through the great saphenous vein of the hind limb, and an equal volume of physiological saline was administered to the model and sham-surgery groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Pathological observation of rat spinal cord tissues was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 6, 24, and 48 hours post-surgery. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine hUCMSCs survival in the spinal cord. The amount of cellular apoptosis and interleukin-8 expression in spinal cord tissues was assayed utilizing the TUNEL and ELISA methods, respectively. Motor function in the hind limbs was evaluated according to Jacob＇s score. RESULTS： Numerous BrdU-positive cells were observed in spinal cord tissues from the transplantation group. The number of apoptotic cells and interleukin-8 levels significantly decreased in the transplantation group （P 〈 0.05）, pathological injury was significantly ameliorated, and motor function scores significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） compared with the model group. CONCLUSION： Via vein transplantation, hUCMSCs were shown to reach and survive in the injury area. Results suggested that the transplanted hUCMSCs contributed to significantly improved pathological changes in the injured spinal cord, as well as motor function, following SCIRI. The protective mechanism correlated with inhibition of cellular apoptosis and reduced production of inflammatory mediators.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the world,especially in developing countries.Drug therapy is one of the main ways to treat cardiovascular diseases.Among them,great progress has b...Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the world,especially in developing countries.Drug therapy is one of the main ways to treat cardiovascular diseases.Among them,great progress has been made in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with traditional Chinese medicine.In terms of experimental research,the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has been thoroughly discussed in vitro and in vivo.In terms of clinical treatment,traditional Chinese medicine with flavonoids,saponins and alkaloids as the main effective components has a definite effect on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmia,myocardial ischemia,angina pectoris and myocardial infarction,with high safety and good application prospects.With the further research on the effective ingredients,mechanism and adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine,it will be beneficial to the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine,reduce side effects and promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.Calycosin and its derivatives,the main bioactive flavonoids in Astragalus membranaceus have multiple biological effects,such as antioxidant,pro-angiogenesis,anti-tumour,and anti-inflammatory effects.Based on the above biological effects,calycosin has been shown to have good potential for cardiovascular protection.The potent antioxidant effect of calycosin may play an important role in the cardiovascular protective potential.For injured cardiac myocytes,calycosin and its derivatives can alleviate the cell damage mainly marked by the release of myocardial enzymes and reduce the death level of cardiac myocytes mainly characterized by apoptosis through various mechanisms.For vascular endothelial cells,calycosin also has multiple effects and multiple mechanisms,such as promoting vascular endothelial cell proliferation,exerting vasodilating effect and directly affecting the synthesis function of endothelial cells.The present review will address the bioactivity of calycosin in cardiovascular diseases such as protective effects on cardiac myocytes and vascular endothelial cells and elucidate main mechanism of calycosin and its derivatives to exert the above biological effects.展开更多
基金Supported by Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Foundation for Young Scientists (No.2006F3096)Scientific Research Foundation of Jimei University
文摘The FlaA gene from Vibrio harveyi marker, was cloned into the eukaryotic expression with a short nucleotide sequence encoding the Flag vector pcDNA3.1（＋） （designated as pcFlaA）. Ninety grouper （Epinephelus awoara） were separated into three equal size groups. An experimental group was immunized with pcFlaA, Control I group was immunized with the vector pcDNA3.1（＋）, and Control 1I group was immunized with PBS. The expression of pcFlaA mRNA and protein was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and immunohistochemistry. We also evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of pcFlaA against V. harveyi by measuring the lymphocyte proliferation response and serum levels of specific antibody and conducting a bacterial challenge test. We successfully transfected the fish muscle with pcFlaA. The pcFlaA mRNA and protein was expressed in the muscle cells for up to one month following injection. The proliferation response of lymphocytes in fish immunized with pcFlaA was significantly higher than in control group II. Furthermore, the immunized fish generated specific antibody. The vaccination also resulted in significantly higher survival during the bacterial challenge test.
文摘Manuscript of Carrera et al is devoted to immunization in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)that is very important issue in gastroenterology.However,some specific definitions used in the article need clarification.Efficacy of vaccine is measured in a randomised,placebo-controlled studies,that are expensive and difficult to plan.Moreover,it is unethical to offer a placebo instead of vaccine.For all of these reasons,efficacy of vaccine is measured in IBD patients rarely.Effectiveness of vaccine is measured as an epidemiological affect from observational studies.These studies are also uncommon in IBD because it would be difficult to perform a study that assess the prevalence of one rare disease(vaccine-preventable)in patients with a chronic rare condition,such as IBD.Immunogenicity of vaccine refers to the ability of a vaccine to induce an immune response in a vaccinated individual that is,in fact,the matter of the article.
基金Gene Art for engineering the vaccine constructs and the Uganda Council of Science and Technology (UCST)/World Bank for providing the funds for the work
文摘Incorporation of biomolecular epitopes to malarial antigens should be explored in the development of straintranscending malarial vaccines.The present study sought to determine safety,immunogenicity and cross-species efficacy of Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen 5 polypeptide co-expressed with epitopes of BacilleCalmette Guerin（BCG）,tetanus toxoid（TT） and a chemokine gene.Olive baboons and BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into vaccine and control groups.The vaccine group animals were primed and boosted twice with pIRES plasmids encoding the SERA5 ＋ BCG ＋ TT alone,or with either CCL5 or CCL20 and the control group with pIRES plasmid vector backbone.Mice and baboons were challenged with P.berghei ANKA and P.knowlesi H strain parasites,respectively.Safety was determined by observing for injection sites reactogenicities,hematology and clinical chemistry.Parasitaemia and survivorship profiles were used to determine cross-species efficacy,and T cell phenotypes,Th1-,Th2-type,T-regulatory immune responses and antibody responses were assessed to determine vaccine immunogenicity.The pSeBCGTT plasmid DNA vaccines were safe and induced Thl-,Th2-type,and Tregulatory responses vaccinated animals showed enhanced CD4~＋（P〈0.01）,CD 8~＋ T cells（P〈 0.001） activation and IgG anti-SE36 antibodies responses（P〈 0.001） at week 4 and 8 post vaccination compared to the control group.Vaccinated mice had a 31.45-68.69%cumulative parasite load reduction and 60%suppression in baboons（P〈0.05）and enhanced survivorship（P〈 0.001） with no clinical signs of malaria compared to the control group.The results showed that the vaccines were safe,immunogenic and conferred partial cross-species protection.
基金Supported by Poultry Innovation Team Project of Agriculture Research System in Shandong Province(SDAIT-11-16)2017 Shandong Province Foreign Experts Double Hundred Plan Project(2017 Double Hundred Program for Chinese and British Foreign Experts)Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020KC006)。
文摘In order to obtain a fowl avidenovirus type 4 strain with good immunogenicity,chicken liver tissues suspected of adenovirus infection in a chicken farm in Binzhou were treated and then inoculated to chicken liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells(LMH).The cell cultures were extracted for DNA,which was subjected to PCR identification and sequencing analysis,and animal regression test and immunogenicity test were also carried out.The results showed that one fowl avidenovirus strain was successfully isolated.The isolated strain was inoculated to LMH cells,and the first generation showed obvious cytopathic changes.The PCR identification result of the 8^(th)generation cell culture of the isolated virus strain on LMH cells was positive.The sequencing result and NCBI sequence alignment analysis showed that the isolated virus strain had the highest nucleotide similarity with fowl avidenovirus type 4,reaching 100%,indicating that the isolated strain was of fowl avidenovirus type 4.The strain could cause the death of 21-day-old SPF chickens,with a mortality rate of 100%,and could completely replicate the same symptoms as clinically infected chickens after being challenged.The three batches of oil vaccine prepared with the isolated strain had a protection rate of 100%,and the geometric mean values of serum agar expansion titers were 1∶4.6,1∶4.9,and 1∶4.6,respectively.It can be seen that the isolated virus is of fowl avidenovirus type 4 in group I,and has good immunogenicity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:71934002,72122001)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(grant numbers:2021ZD0114104,2021ZD0114101,and 2021ZD0114105).
文摘Background During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,there is an urgent need for safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines to protect children and adolescents.This study aims to provide scientific evidence and recommendations for the application of COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents by analyzing the latest studies.Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE(accessed through PubMed),Embase,and Web of Science from January 1,2020,to October 8,2022.Eligible clinical trials,cohort studies,case‒control studies,and cross-sectional studies with extractable data were included in immunogenicity,effectiveness,and safety analyses.According to the heterogeneity,we chose a fixed-effect model(when I2≤50)or a random-effects model(when I2>50)to pool effect values.Results A total of 88 articles were included.The seroconversion rates after the first,second,and third doses of the vaccines were 86.10%,96.52%,and 99.87%,respectively.After the first and second doses,vaccine effectiveness(VE)against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was 42.87%[95%confidence interval(CI)=27.09%–58.65%]and 63.33%(95%CI=52.09%–74.56%),respectively.After the first and second doses,VE against COVID-19 was 60.65%(95%CI=44.80%–76.50%)and 75.77%(95%CI=63.99%–87.56%),respectively.VE against hospitalization due to COVID-19 after the first and second doses was 72.74%(95%CI=51.48%–94.01%)and 82.78%(95%CI=75.78%–89.78%),respectively.The most common adverse events were injection site pain,fatigue/asthenia/tiredness,headache,myalgia/muscle pain,and chills.The incidence rate of myocarditis or pericarditis was 2.42/100,000 people.In addition,the subgroup analysis showed that children aged≤5 years had the lowest incidence of adverse events,and the incidence rate of adverse events was higher for mRNA vaccines than for inactivated vaccines.Conclusions COVID-19 vaccines have good immunogenicity,effectiveness,and safety among children and adolescents.We recommend that children and adolescents be vaccinated as soon as possible to protect them and slow the spread of COVID-19.
基金This study was supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project of China(2018ZX10711001 and 2013ZX09102029)The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS),caused by a novel identified bunyavirus SFTS virus(SFTSV),was an emerging viral infectious disease that was firstly reported in China.There are no licensed vaccines and therapeutics against SFTSV currently.B‐Propiolactone(BPL)inactivated whole virions of SFTSV strain AH12 were prepared as experimental vaccine in different antigen dose with or without Al(OH)3 adjuvant.The experimental SFTS vaccine was a satisfying immunogen,which could efficiently trigger the development of high levels of SFTSV NP‐specific IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against SFTSV Strain HB29 in BALB/c and C57/BL6 mice,and could induce SFTS virus‐specific cellular immune responses to a certain extent.A single dose of vaccine was immunogenically insufficient in BALB/c mice;the second and third dose resulted in significant boost in antibody response.The use of Al(OH)3 adjuvant resulted in higher antibody titers.The mediate‐dose of vaccine could induce as high and equivalent level of antibody titer as that of high‐dose.The experimental SFTS vaccine in mediate‐and high antigen dose with adjuvant resulted in solid protection of C57/BL6 mice against wild‐type SFTSV challenge with markedly accelerated virus clearance from blood and spleen compared with controls.The experimental SFTS vaccine prepared in this study could efficiently elicit virus specific humoral and cellular immune responses in both BALB/c and C57/BL6 mice,and could protect C57/BL6 mice against SFTS virus challenge.These results supplied evidence that inactivated vaccine was a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of SFTSV infection.
文摘Introduction:Nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)and Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)share significant genomic similarity,enabling NTM to induce protective immune responses against MTB infection.This characteristic has led to their increasing application in tuberculosis(TB)vaccine development.This study evaluated the immunological properties of a Mycobacterium intracellulare(Mit)strain to provide scientific evidence for the development of novel TB vaccines.Methods:Whole-cell proteins were extracted from the Mit strain CHPC 1.5701 and used to establish a mouse immunization model.Key antibody and cytokine parameters were measured to assess immune responses.Additionally,a subcutaneous air pouch model was developed on the dorsal surface of mice to evaluate neutrophil recruitment capacity.Resuls:Mice in the experimental group developed high IgG antibody titers(1:921,600±446,351.3)and demonstrated a Th1-type immune response.Post-immunization serum antibodies exhibited cross-reactivity with MTB whole-cell proteins.The subcutaneous air pouch model revealed substantial neutrophil recruitment following antigen challenge.Conclusions:Mit whole-cell proteins demonstrate potent immunogenicity and cross-reactivity with MTB whole-cell proteins,suggesting potential applications in the immunoprevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
基金Supported by XinganLeague Science and Technology Programme Project,No.MBJH2023022.
文摘BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction(MI)occupies a very high mortality and morbidity rate,and the search for effective pharmacological treatments has far-reaching implications for clinical research.AIM To explore the protective effects of Mongolian medicine Agari-5 on rats with MI.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were used,and both the Agari-5 and model groups had their coronary arteries clamped to induce MI.Proteomics was used to research the potential mechanism of action while ELISA,hematoxylin and eosin,and Masson’s staining were used to preliminarily investigate the protective impact of Agari-5 on rats with MI.RESULTS The current study has shown that Agari-5 might enhance cardiac function indicators,including echocardiography results of rats and creatine kinase,creatine kinase isoenzyme,and lactate dehydrogenase,in rats that had MI.According to the results of pathological staining,Agari-5 may lessen inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiomyocyte fibrosis,among other things.The proteome analysis revealed that there were 60 distinct proteins in total,four of which were associated with the heart.The expression of PSAT1,PDK1,SMAD4,and SDF2 proteins may be linked to the mechanism of their protective effects.CONCLUSION Potential therapeutic effects of Agari-5 for MI and its mechanism of action may be related to PSAT1,PDK1,SMAD4,and SDF2.
文摘In order to prepare the shielding fabrics with high efficiency of power frequency(PF)shielding and excellent electrical conductivity,different ratios of aramid/stainless steel fiber blended yarns were used to weave the shielding fabrics with different specifications.The fabric structure,fabric areal density,number of fabric layers,embedding ratio of copper-clad wires wrapped aramid yarns(denoted as CCWWA)and embedding direction were designed,and a total of 34 different types of shielding fabrics were woven for testing.The experiments were mainly conducted to study the influence mechanism of various factors on the PF shielding effectiveness by testing the electrical conductivity and PF shielding effectiveness of the fabrics.The research results indicate that the PF shielding effectiveness improves with increasing fabric areal density and metal fiber content.The fabrics embedded with CCWWA,particularly those with bidirectional embedding,exhibit a significant enhancement in the PF shielding effectiveness,showing an increase of 8-20 dB compared to the fabrics without CCWWA.The PF shielding effectiveness varies across different fabric structures,with plain weave fabrics demonstrating the superior PF shielding effectiveness due to their compact structure.Non-conductive base fabric has minimal impact on the PF shielding effectiveness.As the number of fabric layers increases,the PF shielding effectiveness initially improves but then declines,peaking with double-layer fabrics.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(S202310599089)Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Guangxi Universities on National Medicine in Youjiang River Basin(yykf2024-04).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of Siwu Xuanhu decoction on the liver of mice with acute liver injury induced by CCl 4.[Methods]A total of 48 ICR mice were randomly assigned to six groups:a blank control group,a model group,a low dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(100 mg/kg),a medium dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(200 mg/kg),a high dose group of Siwu Xuanhu decoction(300 mg/kg),and a positive control group(silymarin 2 mg/kg).Each group comprised 8 mice.Each dosing group received the designated dose of the drug(10 mL/kg)via continuous gavage,while the blank group and the model group were administered an equivalent volume of normal saline for four weeks,three times per week.An acute liver injury model was established through the intraperitoneal administration of a 20%CCl 4 olive oil solution at a dosage of 2 mL/kg in all experimental groups,with the exception of the control group,which received an equivalent volume of the olive oil solution.After 24 h fasting with water intake,blood samples were collected from the ocular region.The blood samples were allowed to stand and subsequently subjected to centrifugation to isolate the upper layer of serum,and a diagnostic kit was employed to measure the levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and interleukin-6(IL-6),and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the serum.[Results]In comparison to the control group,serum levels of AST and ALT were significantly elevated in the model group.Furthermore,when compared to the model group,treatment with Siwu Xuanhu decoction resulted in a reduction of serum levels of ALT,AST,and IL-6,while simultaneously increasing SOD activities.[Conclusions]Siwu Xuanhu decoction exhibits a protective effect against acute liver injury induced by CCl 4 in mice.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Start-up Fund for Introduced PhD.Talents of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,2023(2023BS024)Basic Research Ability Enhancement Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities(2022KY0286)+2 种基金Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(Guike AB21196016)Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(Guike AD21238031)Guangxi Key Discipline of Zhuang Medicine in Chinese Medicine(GZXK-Z-20-64).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the protective effects of xanthoxylin on acute lung injury induced by D-Galactosamine(D-GalN)and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,a silybin group(50 mg/kg),and three xanthoxylin groups(low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose as 60,120,and 240 mg/kg),10 rats per group.The rats were administered for 17 consecutive days,on day 14,all the rats except for the normal group were intraperitoneally injected with a D-GalN(400 mg/kg)/LPS(30μg/kg)mixture once to establish acute lung injury models.At 72 h after modeling,their serum MCP-1 levels,IL-1β,IL-6,PCT,CRP,TNF-αlevels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,and IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in lung tissue were measured,and lung tissue histological examination were checked by HE staining.[Results]Compared with the model group,the serum MCP-1 levels,IL-1β,IL-6,PCT,CRP,TNF-αlevels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,and IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-αlevels in lung tissue in xanthoxylin groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and lung tissue injury were alleviated.[Conclusions]Xanthoxylin has protective effects on acute lung injury in rats,and it may be related to the increase of anti-inflammatory capacity and the promotion of lung tissue self-healing.
基金supported by the Foundation for Distinguished professor of Jiangsu Provincethe Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51421003)
文摘This paper analyzes the control mechanism of coal and gas outbursts and proposes the concept of an effective pressure relief protection range, based on the stress relief of the underlying coal-rock mass and the development of a plastic zone. Also this study developed a stress change and fracture development model of the underlying coal-rock mass. In addition, the stress and depth of fracture of any point in the floor were deduced with the application of Maple Calculation Software. The specific engineering parameters of the Pingdingshan No. 12 colliery were applied to determine the relationship between the depth of fracture in the floor and the mining height. The pressure-relief principle of the underlying coal-rock mass was analyzed while varying the mining height of the upper protective seam. The findings indicate that as the depth of fracture in the floor increases, the underlying coal-rock mass experiences a limited amount of pressure relief, and the pressure relief protection range becomes narrower.Additionally, the stress distribution evolves from a ‘‘U" shape into a ‘‘V" shape. A 2.0 m mining height of protective seam situates the outburst-prone seam, Ji_(15), within the effective pressure relief protection range. The fracture development and stress-relief ratio rises to 88%, ensuring the pressure-relief effect as well as economic benefits. The measurement data show that: after mining the upper protective seam, the gas pressure of Ji_(15) dropped from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, demonstrating agreement between the engineering application and the theoretical calculation.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Hainan Provincial Nature Science Foundation
文摘Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and microRNAs （miRNAs） could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNAs in the cardioprotection by electroacupuncture pre-treatment on myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine whether miR-214 was involved in cardio-protection by electroacupuncture. Methods Using rat myocardial I/R model, we examined the role of electroacupuncture pretreatment in myocardial I/R injury and analyzed the changes in the expression of miR-214. In addition, I/R was simulated in vitro by performing oxy-gen-glucose deprivation （OGD） on H9c2 cell cultures, and the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on I/R injury as well as expressional level of miR-214 were examined in vitro. Furthermore, the miR-214 mimic was transfected into OGD-treated H9c2 cells, we analyzed the cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and creatine kinase （CK） activities, intracellular free Ca2＋concentration （[Ca2＋]i） as well as the relative protein levels of sodium/calcium exchanger 1（NCX1）, BCL2-like 11 （BIM）, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ（CaMKIIδ） and Cyclophilin D （CypD）. Results The in vivo results revealed that compared with the I/R group, the electroacupuncture pretreatment group showed significant decreased myocardial infarct size, as well as the increased indices of the cardiac function, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rising and declining （±dp/dt max）. In addition, electroacupuncture pretreatment could inhibit the elevation of LDH and CK activities induced by I/R injury. The quantitative PCR （qPCR） results demonstrated electroacupuncture pretreatment could provide cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in rats with miR-214 up-regulation. In the meanwhile, in vitro, electroacupuncture pretreatment protected H9c2 cells from OGD-induced injury. Trans-fection of miR-214 mimic showed protective effects on OGD-induced injury to H9c2 cells by reducing apoptosis, decreasing LDH and CK activities, rescuing the OGD-induced Ca2＋and down-regulating elevated protein levels of NCX1, BIM, CaMKIIδand CypD. Conclusions Our findings firstly demonstrated that electroacupuncture pretreatment promotes the expression of miR-214 in myocardial I/R injury and miR-214 contributes to the protective effect of electroacupuncture on myocardial I/R injury.
文摘BACKGROUND： The majority of studies addressing spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury （SCIRI） have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reports that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell （hUCMSC） transplantation achieves good therapeutic effects, but the mechanisms underlying nerve protection remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To observe survival of transplanted hUCMSCs in SCIRI rat models and the influence on motor function in the hind limbs, to determine interleukin-8 expression and cellular apoptosis in spinal cord tissues, and to verify the hypothesis that hUCMSC transplantation exhibits protective effects on SCIRI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Orthopedics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China between January 2007 and December 2008. MATERIALS： hUCMSCs were harvested from umbilical cord blood of healthy pregnant women after parturition in the Obstetrical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China. Rabbit anti-human BrdU monoclonal antibody was provided by DAKO, USA. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） Kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） Kit were purchased by Wuhan Boster, China. METHODS： A total of 72 healthy, Wistar, adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups： sham-surgery, model, and transplantation, with 24 rats in each group. SCIRI was induced in the model and transplantation groups via the abdominal aorta block method. The infrarenal abdominal aorta was not blocked in the sham-surgery group. Prior to abdominal aorta occlusion, 0.2 03 mL bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU）-Iabeled hUCMSCs suspension （cell concentration 5 × 10 3/uL） was injected through the great saphenous vein of the hind limb, and an equal volume of physiological saline was administered to the model and sham-surgery groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Pathological observation of rat spinal cord tissues was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 6, 24, and 48 hours post-surgery. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine hUCMSCs survival in the spinal cord. The amount of cellular apoptosis and interleukin-8 expression in spinal cord tissues was assayed utilizing the TUNEL and ELISA methods, respectively. Motor function in the hind limbs was evaluated according to Jacob＇s score. RESULTS： Numerous BrdU-positive cells were observed in spinal cord tissues from the transplantation group. The number of apoptotic cells and interleukin-8 levels significantly decreased in the transplantation group （P 〈 0.05）, pathological injury was significantly ameliorated, and motor function scores significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） compared with the model group. CONCLUSION： Via vein transplantation, hUCMSCs were shown to reach and survive in the injury area. Results suggested that the transplanted hUCMSCs contributed to significantly improved pathological changes in the injured spinal cord, as well as motor function, following SCIRI. The protective mechanism correlated with inhibition of cellular apoptosis and reduced production of inflammatory mediators.
文摘Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the world,especially in developing countries.Drug therapy is one of the main ways to treat cardiovascular diseases.Among them,great progress has been made in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with traditional Chinese medicine.In terms of experimental research,the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has been thoroughly discussed in vitro and in vivo.In terms of clinical treatment,traditional Chinese medicine with flavonoids,saponins and alkaloids as the main effective components has a definite effect on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmia,myocardial ischemia,angina pectoris and myocardial infarction,with high safety and good application prospects.With the further research on the effective ingredients,mechanism and adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine,it will be beneficial to the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine,reduce side effects and promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.Calycosin and its derivatives,the main bioactive flavonoids in Astragalus membranaceus have multiple biological effects,such as antioxidant,pro-angiogenesis,anti-tumour,and anti-inflammatory effects.Based on the above biological effects,calycosin has been shown to have good potential for cardiovascular protection.The potent antioxidant effect of calycosin may play an important role in the cardiovascular protective potential.For injured cardiac myocytes,calycosin and its derivatives can alleviate the cell damage mainly marked by the release of myocardial enzymes and reduce the death level of cardiac myocytes mainly characterized by apoptosis through various mechanisms.For vascular endothelial cells,calycosin also has multiple effects and multiple mechanisms,such as promoting vascular endothelial cell proliferation,exerting vasodilating effect and directly affecting the synthesis function of endothelial cells.The present review will address the bioactivity of calycosin in cardiovascular diseases such as protective effects on cardiac myocytes and vascular endothelial cells and elucidate main mechanism of calycosin and its derivatives to exert the above biological effects.
