In human immunodef iciency virus(HIV)-infected people kidney disease is as an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Clinical features of kidney damage in HIV-infected patients range from asymptomatic microalbumi...In human immunodef iciency virus(HIV)-infected people kidney disease is as an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Clinical features of kidney damage in HIV-infected patients range from asymptomatic microalbuminuria to nephrotic syndrome. The lack of specif ic clinical features despite the presence of heavy proteinuria may mask the renal involvement. Indeed, it is important in HIV patients to monitor renal function to early discover a possible kidney injury. After the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, mortality and morbidity associated to HIV-infection have shown a substantial reduction, although a variety of side effects for longterm use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, including renal toxicity, has emerged. Among more than 20 currently available antiretroviral agents, many of them can occasionally cause reversible or irreversible nephrotoxicity. At now, three antiretroviral agents, i.e., indinavir, atazanavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate have a well established association with direct nephrotoxicity. This review focuses on major causes of proteinuria and other pathological f indings related to kidney disease in HIV-infected children and adolescents.展开更多
目的:评价经脾脏途径行骨髓间充质干细胞(hSMCs)移植对对乙酰氨基酚所致小鼠急性肝损伤的疗效.方法:建立对乙酰氨基酚导致的急性药物性肝损伤动物模型,将SCID小鼠20只,随机分成2组,经脾脏注射组和对照组(n=10),经脾脏途径行hSMCs移植,...目的:评价经脾脏途径行骨髓间充质干细胞(hSMCs)移植对对乙酰氨基酚所致小鼠急性肝损伤的疗效.方法:建立对乙酰氨基酚导致的急性药物性肝损伤动物模型,将SCID小鼠20只,随机分成2组,经脾脏注射组和对照组(n=10),经脾脏途径行hSMCs移植,采用肝功能检查、免疫荧光、荧光显微镜、网状纤维染色等方法观察hMSC移植前后重症联合免疫缺陷病(severe combined immunodeficiency disease,SCID)小鼠肝腺泡结构的恢复与肝功能的改善情况.结果:SCID小鼠肝功能在经脾脏移植组与对照组相比较呈现显著性改善(28d时,ALT:26.3U/L vs 50.1U/L,P<0.01;AST:108.0U/L vs 154.3U/L,P<0.05;ALB:40.0g/L vs 31.9g/L,P<0.05).免疫荧光显示经脾脏移植的hMSCs在脾脏、肝脏均有较多量定植、分化与增殖.免疫荧光观察到脾脏移植后肝腺泡结构有较明显改善.结论:经脾脏途径行hMSCs移植能改善小鼠急性肝损伤肝功能,hMSCs在小鼠肝内生长良好,是hMSCs移植治疗的有效途径.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Monkeypox(mpox) is a viral infection that is primarily endemic to countries in Africa,but large outbreaks outside of Africa have been historically rare.In June 2022,mpox began to spread across Europe and No...BACKGROUND:Monkeypox(mpox) is a viral infection that is primarily endemic to countries in Africa,but large outbreaks outside of Africa have been historically rare.In June 2022,mpox began to spread across Europe and North America,causing the World Health Organization(WHO) to declare mpox a public health emergency of international concern.This article aims to review clinical presentation,diagnosis,and prevention and treatment strategies on mpox,providing the basic knowledge for prevention and control for emergency providers.METHODS:We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed and SCOPUS databases from their beginnings to the end of July 2023.The inclusion criteria were studies on adult patients focusing on emerging infections that described an approach to a public health emergency of international concern,systematic reviews,clinical guidelines,and retrospective studies.Studies that were not published in English were excluded.RESULTS:We included 50 studies in this review.The initial symptoms of mpox are non-specific:fever,malaise,myalgias,and sore throat.Rash,a common presentation of mpox,usually occurs 2–4 weeks after the prodrome,but the presence of lymphadenopathy may distinguish mpox from other infections from the Poxviridae family.Life-threatening complications such as pneumonia,sepsis,encephalitis,myocarditis,and death can occur.There are documented co-occurrences of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections that can worsen morbidity.CONCLUSION:The initial presentation of mpox is non-specific.The preferred treatment included tecovirimat in patients with severe illness or at high risk of developing severe disease and vaccination with two doses of JYNNEOS.However,careful history and physical examination can raise the clinicians’ suspicion and point toward a prompt diagnosis.There are diff erent modalities to prevent and treat mpox infection.展开更多
目的探讨中药癌复康对重症联合免疫缺陷(SCID)鼠原位移植人乳腺癌自发性肺转移及免疫重建的影响。方法将40只SCID小鼠随机分为4组,以高转移人乳腺癌细胞株(MDA-MB-435s)接种于鼠腹部左侧第二乳头下的乳房脂肪垫上建立小鼠人乳腺癌自发...目的探讨中药癌复康对重症联合免疫缺陷(SCID)鼠原位移植人乳腺癌自发性肺转移及免疫重建的影响。方法将40只SCID小鼠随机分为4组,以高转移人乳腺癌细胞株(MDA-MB-435s)接种于鼠腹部左侧第二乳头下的乳房脂肪垫上建立小鼠人乳腺癌自发性肺转移模型,接种量为0.2 m L/只。接种后,模型对照组给予生理盐水10 m L/(kg·d)灌胃,1次/d;癌复康组给予癌复康3.6g/(kg·d)以生理盐水10 m L稀释灌胃,1次/d;免疫重建组腹腔注射人体外周血淋巴细胞4×107个/只(0.5 m L),并给予生理盐水10 m L/(kg·d)灌胃,1次/d;癌复康+免疫重建组腹腔注射人体外周血淋巴细胞4×107个/只,并予以癌复康3.6 g/(kg·d)以生理盐水10 m L稀释灌胃,1次/d。观察各组肿瘤体积、生长速度、肿瘤转移情况。结果癌复康+免疫重建组成瘤潜伏期明显长于其余3组(P均<0.05),癌复康组和免疫重建组成瘤潜伏期明显长于模型对照组(P<0.05);模型对照组肿瘤生长速度较其余3组快,肿瘤体积大于其余3组(P均<0.05),癌复康组和免疫重建组肿瘤生长速度相近(P>0.05),癌复康+免疫重建组肿瘤生长速度最慢(P均<0.05);癌复康组、免疫重建组、癌复康+免疫重建组乳腺癌肺转移抑制率分别为64.7%,38.4%和84.8%,3组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论中药癌复康能延长人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-435s接种SCID鼠成瘤潜伏时间,促进SCID鼠的免疫重建,具有一定的抑制肿瘤生长和抗肿瘤转移的作用。展开更多
文摘In human immunodef iciency virus(HIV)-infected people kidney disease is as an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Clinical features of kidney damage in HIV-infected patients range from asymptomatic microalbuminuria to nephrotic syndrome. The lack of specif ic clinical features despite the presence of heavy proteinuria may mask the renal involvement. Indeed, it is important in HIV patients to monitor renal function to early discover a possible kidney injury. After the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, mortality and morbidity associated to HIV-infection have shown a substantial reduction, although a variety of side effects for longterm use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, including renal toxicity, has emerged. Among more than 20 currently available antiretroviral agents, many of them can occasionally cause reversible or irreversible nephrotoxicity. At now, three antiretroviral agents, i.e., indinavir, atazanavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate have a well established association with direct nephrotoxicity. This review focuses on major causes of proteinuria and other pathological f indings related to kidney disease in HIV-infected children and adolescents.
文摘目的:评价经脾脏途径行骨髓间充质干细胞(hSMCs)移植对对乙酰氨基酚所致小鼠急性肝损伤的疗效.方法:建立对乙酰氨基酚导致的急性药物性肝损伤动物模型,将SCID小鼠20只,随机分成2组,经脾脏注射组和对照组(n=10),经脾脏途径行hSMCs移植,采用肝功能检查、免疫荧光、荧光显微镜、网状纤维染色等方法观察hMSC移植前后重症联合免疫缺陷病(severe combined immunodeficiency disease,SCID)小鼠肝腺泡结构的恢复与肝功能的改善情况.结果:SCID小鼠肝功能在经脾脏移植组与对照组相比较呈现显著性改善(28d时,ALT:26.3U/L vs 50.1U/L,P<0.01;AST:108.0U/L vs 154.3U/L,P<0.05;ALB:40.0g/L vs 31.9g/L,P<0.05).免疫荧光显示经脾脏移植的hMSCs在脾脏、肝脏均有较多量定植、分化与增殖.免疫荧光观察到脾脏移植后肝腺泡结构有较明显改善.结论:经脾脏途径行hMSCs移植能改善小鼠急性肝损伤肝功能,hMSCs在小鼠肝内生长良好,是hMSCs移植治疗的有效途径.
文摘BACKGROUND:Monkeypox(mpox) is a viral infection that is primarily endemic to countries in Africa,but large outbreaks outside of Africa have been historically rare.In June 2022,mpox began to spread across Europe and North America,causing the World Health Organization(WHO) to declare mpox a public health emergency of international concern.This article aims to review clinical presentation,diagnosis,and prevention and treatment strategies on mpox,providing the basic knowledge for prevention and control for emergency providers.METHODS:We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed and SCOPUS databases from their beginnings to the end of July 2023.The inclusion criteria were studies on adult patients focusing on emerging infections that described an approach to a public health emergency of international concern,systematic reviews,clinical guidelines,and retrospective studies.Studies that were not published in English were excluded.RESULTS:We included 50 studies in this review.The initial symptoms of mpox are non-specific:fever,malaise,myalgias,and sore throat.Rash,a common presentation of mpox,usually occurs 2–4 weeks after the prodrome,but the presence of lymphadenopathy may distinguish mpox from other infections from the Poxviridae family.Life-threatening complications such as pneumonia,sepsis,encephalitis,myocarditis,and death can occur.There are documented co-occurrences of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections that can worsen morbidity.CONCLUSION:The initial presentation of mpox is non-specific.The preferred treatment included tecovirimat in patients with severe illness or at high risk of developing severe disease and vaccination with two doses of JYNNEOS.However,careful history and physical examination can raise the clinicians’ suspicion and point toward a prompt diagnosis.There are diff erent modalities to prevent and treat mpox infection.
文摘目的探讨中药癌复康对重症联合免疫缺陷(SCID)鼠原位移植人乳腺癌自发性肺转移及免疫重建的影响。方法将40只SCID小鼠随机分为4组,以高转移人乳腺癌细胞株(MDA-MB-435s)接种于鼠腹部左侧第二乳头下的乳房脂肪垫上建立小鼠人乳腺癌自发性肺转移模型,接种量为0.2 m L/只。接种后,模型对照组给予生理盐水10 m L/(kg·d)灌胃,1次/d;癌复康组给予癌复康3.6g/(kg·d)以生理盐水10 m L稀释灌胃,1次/d;免疫重建组腹腔注射人体外周血淋巴细胞4×107个/只(0.5 m L),并给予生理盐水10 m L/(kg·d)灌胃,1次/d;癌复康+免疫重建组腹腔注射人体外周血淋巴细胞4×107个/只,并予以癌复康3.6 g/(kg·d)以生理盐水10 m L稀释灌胃,1次/d。观察各组肿瘤体积、生长速度、肿瘤转移情况。结果癌复康+免疫重建组成瘤潜伏期明显长于其余3组(P均<0.05),癌复康组和免疫重建组成瘤潜伏期明显长于模型对照组(P<0.05);模型对照组肿瘤生长速度较其余3组快,肿瘤体积大于其余3组(P均<0.05),癌复康组和免疫重建组肿瘤生长速度相近(P>0.05),癌复康+免疫重建组肿瘤生长速度最慢(P均<0.05);癌复康组、免疫重建组、癌复康+免疫重建组乳腺癌肺转移抑制率分别为64.7%,38.4%和84.8%,3组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论中药癌复康能延长人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-435s接种SCID鼠成瘤潜伏时间,促进SCID鼠的免疫重建,具有一定的抑制肿瘤生长和抗肿瘤转移的作用。
