Background Dirofilaria immitis and D.repens are mosquito-borne nematodes with dogs as primary hosts,but other mammalian species including humans can be also infected.In the last century,circulation of both pathogens w...Background Dirofilaria immitis and D.repens are mosquito-borne nematodes with dogs as primary hosts,but other mammalian species including humans can be also infected.In the last century,circulation of both pathogens was predominantly restricted to Southern Europe.However,different studies indicated a potential establishment in Central,Eastern and Western parts of Europe as an increasing threat to animal and human health.Therefore,we conducted a systematic literature review of Dirofilaria data in Europe to give a comprehensive overview of potential mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts,including the collection of different metadata(e.g.sampling year and site),allowing to analyse the spread pattern of the parasites in Europe.Methods On 24 January 2022,we conducted a systematic literature review of all available publications in the PubMed database reporting D.immitis and D.repens screening in mosquitoes and mammalian vertebrates in Europe.We only included acute infection of Dirofilaria spp.,i.e.excluding studies only screening antibodies,and in addition noted the travel history and the accuracy of the sampling locations.These data were used to analyse the range of potential vectors and hosts and for a comparison of the spatial distribution between the twentieth and twenty-first century.Results Both nematodes appear to have a high overlap of Aedes,Anopheles and Culex as potential vector species,which are abundant in Europe.Most published D.immitis infections were reported in dogs,while D.repens predominantly were reported in humans.Dirofilaria immitis infections were detected in a wider range of wild and zoo animals.Compared to the last century,many more countries especially in Central Europe were affected by Dirofilaria spp.circulation,illustrating a significant spread over the last 20 years.Conclusions Our findings suggest that D.immitis and D.repens are a growing health concern for animals and humans in Europe.Continuous globalisation and climate warming will probably lead to a further spread and increased circulation in the future.All data are made available open access,which will enable further analysis.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the Anaplasma phagocytophilum(A.phagocytophilum),Ehrlichia canis(E.canis,Dirofilaria immitis(D.immitis)(canine heartworm),Borrelia burgdorferi(B.burgdorferi)infections in countryside dogs from Yu...Objective:To evaluate the Anaplasma phagocytophilum(A.phagocytophilum),Ehrlichia canis(E.canis,Dirofilaria immitis(D.immitis)(canine heartworm),Borrelia burgdorferi(B.burgdorferi)infections in countryside dogs from Yunnan,Hainan and Anhui provinces.Methods:Serum samples were collected from 26 dogs in Yunnan.Hainan and Anhui provinces.The samples were tested using a commercial ELISA rapid diagnostic assay kit(SNAP^(?)4Dx^(?);IDEXX Laboratories,Inc.U.S.A.).Meaiiwliile,indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)recommended by WHO was conducted to delect IgG to A.phagocytophilum.Two methods were analyzed and compared.Results:The number of serologically positive dogs for IgG to A.phagocytophilum was only 2which was from Hainan province and none of the 26 dogs responded positive for E.canu.D.immitis(canine heartworm,and B.burgdorferi by ELISA rapid diagnostic method.The number of serologically positive dogs for IgG to A.phagocytophilum was 13(50%)by IFA method.Data of the two methods were analyzed by statistical software and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.002).Conclusions:It can be concluded that IFA method was more sensitive than ELISA rapid diagnostic method.However,we need conduct further and intensive epidemiology survey on tick-born diseases pathogens including.4.phagocytophilum,E.canis,D.immitis(canine heartworm),and B.burgdorferi which have public health significance.展开更多
Objective:To detect and identify filarial parasites in dried blood spots(DBS)collected from domestic cats using high resolution melting real-time PCR(HRM RT-PCR).Methods:A total of 208 DBS were collected from domestic...Objective:To detect and identify filarial parasites in dried blood spots(DBS)collected from domestic cats using high resolution melting real-time PCR(HRM RT-PCR).Methods:A total of 208 DBS were collected from domestic cats in a brugian filariasis endemic areas in Surat Thani Province,southern Thailand.Microfilariae were found in 9 blood slides using Giemsa-stained thick blood film.The extracted DNA from blood spot volumes of 10 and 20μL DBS with positive filarial parasites in cats were performed using HRM RT-PCR method.The primers were designed based on the partial mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene for identifying Brugia malayi,Brugia pahangi,Dirofilaria immitis.All purified samples were then detected.Results:Using different volumes of 10μL and 20μL DBS could easily distinguish filarial parasites and showed similar results.PCR amplicons of Brugia malayi,Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis were determined at melting peak(temperature)of 75.70℃,77.46℃,and 73.56℃,respectively.All 9 positive DBS samples showed positive Brugia pahangi and similar nucleotide sequences.Conclusions:This HRM RT-PCR method is able to diagnose,identify and discriminate filarial parasites collected from DBS,which is simple and inexpensive compared with other probe-based genotyping methods.Furthermore,this method is useful to survey,prevent and control filariasis.展开更多
Dirofilariasis (heartworm disease) has been reported in Grenadian dogs. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in stray dogs (n = 523) from the six Parishes of Gre...Dirofilariasis (heartworm disease) has been reported in Grenadian dogs. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in stray dogs (n = 523) from the six Parishes of Grenada. Necropsy records were reviewed;information on the distribution and lesions of Dirofilaria immitis was recorded. A total of 144 from 523 dogs (27.5%;95% CI: 23.9% to 31.5%) were positive for Dirofilaria immitis on necropsy. This study shows that heartworm disease is prevalent in stray dogs in all the Parishes of mainland Grenada. This is a progressive, life-threatening disease and thus, there is a need to screen and prevent it within the stray dog population of Grenada.展开更多
基金the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany,with the grant number 01Kl2022.
文摘Background Dirofilaria immitis and D.repens are mosquito-borne nematodes with dogs as primary hosts,but other mammalian species including humans can be also infected.In the last century,circulation of both pathogens was predominantly restricted to Southern Europe.However,different studies indicated a potential establishment in Central,Eastern and Western parts of Europe as an increasing threat to animal and human health.Therefore,we conducted a systematic literature review of Dirofilaria data in Europe to give a comprehensive overview of potential mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts,including the collection of different metadata(e.g.sampling year and site),allowing to analyse the spread pattern of the parasites in Europe.Methods On 24 January 2022,we conducted a systematic literature review of all available publications in the PubMed database reporting D.immitis and D.repens screening in mosquitoes and mammalian vertebrates in Europe.We only included acute infection of Dirofilaria spp.,i.e.excluding studies only screening antibodies,and in addition noted the travel history and the accuracy of the sampling locations.These data were used to analyse the range of potential vectors and hosts and for a comparison of the spatial distribution between the twentieth and twenty-first century.Results Both nematodes appear to have a high overlap of Aedes,Anopheles and Culex as potential vector species,which are abundant in Europe.Most published D.immitis infections were reported in dogs,while D.repens predominantly were reported in humans.Dirofilaria immitis infections were detected in a wider range of wild and zoo animals.Compared to the last century,many more countries especially in Central Europe were affected by Dirofilaria spp.circulation,illustrating a significant spread over the last 20 years.Conclusions Our findings suggest that D.immitis and D.repens are a growing health concern for animals and humans in Europe.Continuous globalisation and climate warming will probably lead to a further spread and increased circulation in the future.All data are made available open access,which will enable further analysis.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)2010CB530200(2010CB530206)the China-US Collaborative Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease(No.1U2GGH000018-01)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the Anaplasma phagocytophilum(A.phagocytophilum),Ehrlichia canis(E.canis,Dirofilaria immitis(D.immitis)(canine heartworm),Borrelia burgdorferi(B.burgdorferi)infections in countryside dogs from Yunnan,Hainan and Anhui provinces.Methods:Serum samples were collected from 26 dogs in Yunnan.Hainan and Anhui provinces.The samples were tested using a commercial ELISA rapid diagnostic assay kit(SNAP^(?)4Dx^(?);IDEXX Laboratories,Inc.U.S.A.).Meaiiwliile,indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)recommended by WHO was conducted to delect IgG to A.phagocytophilum.Two methods were analyzed and compared.Results:The number of serologically positive dogs for IgG to A.phagocytophilum was only 2which was from Hainan province and none of the 26 dogs responded positive for E.canu.D.immitis(canine heartworm,and B.burgdorferi by ELISA rapid diagnostic method.The number of serologically positive dogs for IgG to A.phagocytophilum was 13(50%)by IFA method.Data of the two methods were analyzed by statistical software and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.002).Conclusions:It can be concluded that IFA method was more sensitive than ELISA rapid diagnostic method.However,we need conduct further and intensive epidemiology survey on tick-born diseases pathogens including.4.phagocytophilum,E.canis,D.immitis(canine heartworm),and B.burgdorferi which have public health significance.
文摘Objective:To detect and identify filarial parasites in dried blood spots(DBS)collected from domestic cats using high resolution melting real-time PCR(HRM RT-PCR).Methods:A total of 208 DBS were collected from domestic cats in a brugian filariasis endemic areas in Surat Thani Province,southern Thailand.Microfilariae were found in 9 blood slides using Giemsa-stained thick blood film.The extracted DNA from blood spot volumes of 10 and 20μL DBS with positive filarial parasites in cats were performed using HRM RT-PCR method.The primers were designed based on the partial mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene for identifying Brugia malayi,Brugia pahangi,Dirofilaria immitis.All purified samples were then detected.Results:Using different volumes of 10μL and 20μL DBS could easily distinguish filarial parasites and showed similar results.PCR amplicons of Brugia malayi,Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis were determined at melting peak(temperature)of 75.70℃,77.46℃,and 73.56℃,respectively.All 9 positive DBS samples showed positive Brugia pahangi and similar nucleotide sequences.Conclusions:This HRM RT-PCR method is able to diagnose,identify and discriminate filarial parasites collected from DBS,which is simple and inexpensive compared with other probe-based genotyping methods.Furthermore,this method is useful to survey,prevent and control filariasis.
文摘Dirofilariasis (heartworm disease) has been reported in Grenadian dogs. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in stray dogs (n = 523) from the six Parishes of Grenada. Necropsy records were reviewed;information on the distribution and lesions of Dirofilaria immitis was recorded. A total of 144 from 523 dogs (27.5%;95% CI: 23.9% to 31.5%) were positive for Dirofilaria immitis on necropsy. This study shows that heartworm disease is prevalent in stray dogs in all the Parishes of mainland Grenada. This is a progressive, life-threatening disease and thus, there is a need to screen and prevent it within the stray dog population of Grenada.
