In the electroslag remelting process, the electrode molten state is a critical factor determining the ingot quality, while the electrode immersion depth and melting rate are key factors for the stability of the electr...In the electroslag remelting process, the electrode molten state is a critical factor determining the ingot quality, while the electrode immersion depth and melting rate are key factors for the stability of the electroslag re-melting process. Studies were carried out to investigate the microscopic and macroscopic effects of electrode immersion depth and melting rate on the potential distribution and heat density in the slag bath, and on the depth and shape of the molten bath. Based on the finite element method and the numerical solution method, the effect of the electrode immersion depth on the slag bath heat density was researched; the relationship between the electrode immersion depth and the slag resistance was obtained; and the unsteady-state model of the solidification process of the re-melting ingot was solved using the finite difference method. The mathematical model and physical model of the electrode melting process were established and solved; and the corresponding curves between the electrode molten-state and slag-bath physical parameters were obtained. The experimental results verified the simulated results studied in this paper.展开更多
The two-fluid model coupled with population balance model was used for simulating the gas-liquid flow in the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus(RH)degasser.The predicted circulation flow rate was compared with that measured from a wat...The two-fluid model coupled with population balance model was used for simulating the gas-liquid flow in the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus(RH)degasser.The predicted circulation flow rate was compared with that measured from a water model experiment to validate the mathematical model.Then,influence of snorkel immersion depth on liquid circulation flow rate was numerically investigated under an atmospheric pressure of 101 and 84 kPa,respectively.Predicted result indicates that the circulation flow rate of the RH degasser in the high-altitude area was severely reduced because of the decrease in atmospheric pressure.However,increasing the snorkel immersion depth from 0.5 to 0.7 m can compensate for the decrease in atmospheric pressure.Industrial test result indicates that decarburization rate is significantly enhanced by increasing the snorkel immersion depth.Through optimization,the percentage of heats with a final carbon content less than 0.002 wt.%is significantly increased from 22.0%to 96.4%.展开更多
An in-depth study of the complicated trajectory characteristics of skipping stones is carried out in the present work.A three-dimensional numerical simulation validated by acquiring good agreement with experimental re...An in-depth study of the complicated trajectory characteristics of skipping stones is carried out in the present work.A three-dimensional numerical simulation validated by acquiring good agreement with experimental results is established.It is devoted to illustrating five different types of motion responses after the stone impacts the water surface in the o-xy plane,including“dive”,“hydroplaning trout”,“hydroplaning skip”,“stable skip”,and“skipping trout”.Then,the lateral deviations are investigated quantitatively based on dimensionless parameter sin(α+β)cosαin the o-yz plane.Steady interval and linear interval are divided for lateral deviation Z1/D and Z2/D based on the values of(α+β)andα,respectively.The results reveal that(1)Z1/D increases almost linearly with the increasing sin(α+β)cosαat different slopes in different(α+β)intervals;(2)Z2/D increases almost linearly with the increasing sin(α+β)cosαat different slopes in differentαintervals;(3)in linear interval,numerical lateral deviations are much larger than the fitting values at pointsβ/α≥4.5,and much smaller than the fitting values at points 2.3≤β/α<4.3.Finally,a theoretical approach is proposed to predict the maximum immersion depth of trailing edge point P.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Machine Tools Major Project of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China(grant No.2009ZX04006-032)
文摘In the electroslag remelting process, the electrode molten state is a critical factor determining the ingot quality, while the electrode immersion depth and melting rate are key factors for the stability of the electroslag re-melting process. Studies were carried out to investigate the microscopic and macroscopic effects of electrode immersion depth and melting rate on the potential distribution and heat density in the slag bath, and on the depth and shape of the molten bath. Based on the finite element method and the numerical solution method, the effect of the electrode immersion depth on the slag bath heat density was researched; the relationship between the electrode immersion depth and the slag resistance was obtained; and the unsteady-state model of the solidification process of the re-melting ingot was solved using the finite difference method. The mathematical model and physical model of the electrode melting process were established and solved; and the corresponding curves between the electrode molten-state and slag-bath physical parameters were obtained. The experimental results verified the simulated results studied in this paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52104321)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China (Grant No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0871)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Grant No.KJQN202101404).
文摘The two-fluid model coupled with population balance model was used for simulating the gas-liquid flow in the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus(RH)degasser.The predicted circulation flow rate was compared with that measured from a water model experiment to validate the mathematical model.Then,influence of snorkel immersion depth on liquid circulation flow rate was numerically investigated under an atmospheric pressure of 101 and 84 kPa,respectively.Predicted result indicates that the circulation flow rate of the RH degasser in the high-altitude area was severely reduced because of the decrease in atmospheric pressure.However,increasing the snorkel immersion depth from 0.5 to 0.7 m can compensate for the decrease in atmospheric pressure.Industrial test result indicates that decarburization rate is significantly enhanced by increasing the snorkel immersion depth.Through optimization,the percentage of heats with a final carbon content less than 0.002 wt.%is significantly increased from 22.0%to 96.4%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11972138).
文摘An in-depth study of the complicated trajectory characteristics of skipping stones is carried out in the present work.A three-dimensional numerical simulation validated by acquiring good agreement with experimental results is established.It is devoted to illustrating five different types of motion responses after the stone impacts the water surface in the o-xy plane,including“dive”,“hydroplaning trout”,“hydroplaning skip”,“stable skip”,and“skipping trout”.Then,the lateral deviations are investigated quantitatively based on dimensionless parameter sin(α+β)cosαin the o-yz plane.Steady interval and linear interval are divided for lateral deviation Z1/D and Z2/D based on the values of(α+β)andα,respectively.The results reveal that(1)Z1/D increases almost linearly with the increasing sin(α+β)cosαat different slopes in different(α+β)intervals;(2)Z2/D increases almost linearly with the increasing sin(α+β)cosαat different slopes in differentαintervals;(3)in linear interval,numerical lateral deviations are much larger than the fitting values at pointsβ/α≥4.5,and much smaller than the fitting values at points 2.3≤β/α<4.3.Finally,a theoretical approach is proposed to predict the maximum immersion depth of trailing edge point P.
