In 1922,“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”was translated and introduced by Zhao Yuanren to China.In the 1930s and 1940s,a series of Chinese-style“Alice”stories appeared.Writers borrowed from the plot structure an...In 1922,“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”was translated and introduced by Zhao Yuanren to China.In the 1930s and 1940s,a series of Chinese-style“Alice”stories appeared.Writers borrowed from the plot structure and character images of“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”,making it a work rich in Chinese national language and culture.This article uses the documentary method and comparative research to study the Chinese-style“Alice”stories,and believes that these stories consciously convey new literary concepts,shape children in the new era,and become a part of modern Chinese children’s literature.展开更多
This paper explores the impact of inward foreign direct investment(FDI)on entrepreneurial activity in host countries.It argues that inward FDI affects different types of entrepreneurship in distinct ways,with its impa...This paper explores the impact of inward foreign direct investment(FDI)on entrepreneurial activity in host countries.It argues that inward FDI affects different types of entrepreneurship in distinct ways,with its impact varying depending on the level of formal institutional development in the host country.On the one hand,inward FDI’s market spillover effects increase opportunities for imitative entrepreneurship and reduce entrepreneurial risk.On the other hand,inward FDI has a mixed blessing for innovative entrepreneurship:it fuels innovation through knowledge spillovers but simultaneously intensifies competition,creating uncertainty.Using 268 observations from 59 countries between 2010 and 2018,our empirical evidence reveals a striking dichotomy:inward FDI fuels imitative entrepreneurship where formal institutions are weak,yet only fosters innovative entrepreneurship where institutions are robust.Further analysis identifies key factors-such as host country R&D investment,intellectual property protection,financial development,and entrepreneurial support-that influence whether inward FDI can effectively foster innovative entrepreneurship.展开更多
Fe element is the important colorant in the glaze of Chinese green porcelain, es-pecially in sky-green glaze of Ru porcelain. But the information on the chemicalstates of Fe element in the glaze cannot be obtained eff...Fe element is the important colorant in the glaze of Chinese green porcelain, es-pecially in sky-green glaze of Ru porcelain. But the information on the chemicalstates of Fe element in the glaze cannot be obtained effectively through chemical analysisand X-ray diffraction. Detailed analysis on chemical states of the Fe element can be donewith Mossbauer spectroscopy. The phase transformation during the firing process ofsky-green glaze of imitative ancient Ru porcelain has been done with展开更多
The existing research on rescue robots has focused mainly on reconnaissance,detection,and firefighting,and a small number of robots that can achieve human rescue have problems such as poor safety and stability and ins...The existing research on rescue robots has focused mainly on reconnaissance,detection,and firefighting,and a small number of robots that can achieve human rescue have problems such as poor safety and stability and insufficient carrying capacity.This article addresses the above issues and cleverly combines the advantages of soft robotic arms,underactuated robotic arms,and suction cups based on the principles of bionics.A new design for a robotic arm was proposed,and its working principle was explained.Then,the human rescue process was divided into two stages,and the grasping force of the robotic arm in each stage was analyzed separately.Finally,a prototype of the principle was developed,and the feasibility of the design principle of the robotic arm was verified through grasping experiments on a cross-sectional contour model of the human chest.At the same time,grasping experiments were conducted on different objects to demonstrate the potential application of the robotic arm in grasping ground objects.This research proposes a stress envelope adsorption rescue robot arm inspired by the adhesion ability of the Drosera plant and the stress envelope effect,which can apply force to the entire surface of the human body,reduce local force on the human body,ensure load-bearing capacity and adaptability,and improve the safety and stability of rescue grasping.展开更多
The automatic and rapid generation of excavation trajectories is the foundation for achieving an intelligent excavator.To obtain high-performance trajectories that enhance operational capacity while avoiding the numer...The automatic and rapid generation of excavation trajectories is the foundation for achieving an intelligent excavator.To obtain high-performance trajectories that enhance operational capacity while avoiding the numerous issues present in existing methods for generating effective excavation paths,this paper proposes a trajectory generation method for excavators based on imitation learning,using the mole as a bionic prototype.Given the high excavation efficiency of moles,this paper first analyzes the structural characteristics of the mole’s forelimbs,its digging principles,morphology,and trajectory patterns.Subsequently,a higher-order polynomial is employed to fit and optimize the mole’s excavation trajectory.Next,imitation learning is conducted on sample trajectories based on Dynamic Movement Primitives,followed by the introduction of an obstacle avoidance algorithm.Simulation experiments and comparisons demonstrate that the mole-inspired trajectory method used in this paper performs well and possesses the ability to generate obstacle avoidance trajectories,as well as the convenience of transferring across different machine models.展开更多
IntuiGrasp is a novel three-fingered dexterous hand that pioneers bio-inspired demonstrations with intuitive priors(BDIP)to bridge the gap between human tactile intuition and robotic execution.Unlike conven-tional pro...IntuiGrasp is a novel three-fingered dexterous hand that pioneers bio-inspired demonstrations with intuitive priors(BDIP)to bridge the gap between human tactile intuition and robotic execution.Unlike conven-tional programming,BDIP leverages human's innate priors(e.g.,“A pack of tissues requires gentle grasps,cups demand firm contact”)by enabling real-time transfer of gesture and force policies during physical demon-stration.When a human demonstrator wears IntuiGrasp,driven rings provide real-time haptic feedback on contact stress and slip,while inte-grated tactile sensors translate these human policies into image data,offering valuable data for imitation learning.In this study,human teachers use IntuiGrasp to demonstrate how to grasp three types of objects:a cup,a crumpled tissue pack,and a thin playing card.IntuiGrasp translates the policies for grasping these objects into image information that describes tactile sensations in real time.展开更多
As a green sustainable alternative technology,synthesizing nitrate by electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction(NOR)can replace the traditional energyintensive Ostwald process.But low nitrogen fixation yields and p...As a green sustainable alternative technology,synthesizing nitrate by electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction(NOR)can replace the traditional energyintensive Ostwald process.But low nitrogen fixation yields and poor selectivity due to the high bond energy of the N≡N bond and competition from the oxygen evolution reaction in the electrolyte restrict its application.On the other hand,two-dimensional(2D)PdS_(2)as a member in the family of group-10 novel transition metal dichalcogenides(NTMDs)presents the interesting optical and electronic properties due to its novel folded pentagonal structure,but few researches involve to its fabrication and application.Herein,unique imitating growth feature for PdS_(2)on different 2D substrates has been firstly discovered for constructing 2D/2D heterostructures by interface engineering.Due to the different exposed chemical groups on the substrates,PdS_(2)grows as the imitation to the morphologies of the substrates and presents different thickness,size,shape and the degree of oxidation,resulting in the significant difference in the NOR activity and stability of the obtained composite catalysts.Especially,the thin and small PdS_(2)nanoplates with more defects can be obtained by decorating poly(1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide)on the 2D substrate,easily oxidized during the preparation process,resulting in the in situ generation of SO_(4)^(2−),which plays a crucial role in reducing the activation energy of the NOR process,leading to improved efficiency for nitrate production,verified by theoretical calculation.This research provides valuable insights for the development of novel electrocatalysts based on NTMDs for NOR and highlights the importance of interface engineering in enhancing catalytic performance.展开更多
This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The partici...This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The participants were a 17-year-old young lady with ASD and intellectual deficit, and a control participant: a preadolescent with ASD but no intellectual deficit (Asperger syndrome). The game is comprised of four phases: greetings, pairing, imitation, and closing. Field educators were involved, playing specific roles: visual or physical inciter. The use of a robot allows for catching the participants’ attention, playing the imitation game for a longer period of time than with a human partner, and preventing the game partner’s negative facial expressions resulting from tiredness, impatience, or boredom. The participants’ behavior was observed in terms of initial approach towards the robot, positioning relative to the robot in terms of distance and orientation, reactions to the robot’s voice or moves, signs of happiness, and imitation attempts. Results suggest a more and more natural approach towards the robot during the sessions, as well as a higher level of social interaction, based on the variations of the parameters listed above. We use these preliminary results to draw the next steps of our research work as well as identify further perspectives, with this aim in mind: improving social interactions with adolescents with ASD and intellectual deficit, allowing for better integration of these people into our societies.展开更多
Group living animals form striking aggregation patterns and display synchronization,polarization,and collective intelligence.Though many col-lective behavioral studies have been conducted on small animals like insects...Group living animals form striking aggregation patterns and display synchronization,polarization,and collective intelligence.Though many col-lective behavioral studies have been conducted on small animals like insects and fish,research on large animals is still rare due to the limited availability of field collective data.We used drones to record videos and analyzed the decision-making and behavioral spatial patterns in orienta-tion of Kiang(Tibetan wild ass,Equus kiang).Leadership is unevenly distributed among Kiang,with the minority initiating majority behavior-shift decisions.Decisions of individual to join are driven by imitation between group members,and are largely dependent on the number of members who have already joined.Kiang respond to the behavior and position of neighbors through different strategies.They strongly polarize when moving,therefore adopting a linear alignment.When vigilant,orientation deviation increases as they form a tighter group.They remain scattered while feeding and,in that context,adopt a side-by-side alignment.This study reveals partially-shared decision-making among Kiang,whereby copying neighbors provides the wisdom to thrive in harsh conditions.This study also suggests that animals'spatial patterns in orientation depend largely ontheirbehavioral states inachieving synchronization.展开更多
The theory of“imitation”in painting occupies a leading position in western art,which originated from the theory of“imitation”in ancient Greece,and has become one of the art theories affecting the world through the...The theory of“imitation”in painting occupies a leading position in western art,which originated from the theory of“imitation”in ancient Greece,and has become one of the art theories affecting the world through the continuous development of later generations.Through the exploration of the source of“imitation”in China and the West,there are some comments on the meaning of“imitation”in Chinese classical painting theory,such as“transfer model writing”and“image form”,which is obvious differences from the west.Traditional Chinese painting is a combination of careful observation of natural things and subjective emotions to express their own aesthetic feelings,and ultimately form a vivid artistic conception.Modern imitation is borrowed from Western imitation.In fact,imitation in traditional painting has its own meaning,which contains Chinese aesthetic thought.“Imitation”aesthetics is unique in traditional Chinese painting and is the most important form of painting art.展开更多
Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well wi...Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well with complex problems.Given the frequent need to solve varied combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging statistical learning to auto-tune B&B algorithms for specific problem classes becomes attractive. This paper proposes a graph pointer network model to learn the branch rules. Graph features, global features and historical features are designated to represent the solver state. The graph neural network processes graph features, while the pointer mechanism assimilates the global and historical features to finally determine the variable on which to branch. The model is trained to imitate the expert strong branching rule by a tailored top-k Kullback-Leibler divergence loss function. Experiments on a series of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the widely used expert-designed branching rules. It also outperforms state-of-the-art machine-learning-based branch-and-bound methods in terms of solving speed and search tree size on all the test instances. In addition, the model can generalize to unseen instances and scale to larger instances.展开更多
Aim The particle texture from diesel engine was imitated by use of computer. Methods The theory of fractal geometry and the diffusion limited aggregation model were used to simulate the micron texture. Results The...Aim The particle texture from diesel engine was imitated by use of computer. Methods The theory of fractal geometry and the diffusion limited aggregation model were used to simulate the micron texture. Results The fractal dimensions of granule distribution and corpuscle superficial area are quite conformed with those of measurement. Conclusion The texture parameters of engine particle cluster can be obtained precisely by use of fractal theory.展开更多
The temperature difference between the exposed surface of an underground silo and the surrounding soil surface is significant,which means a silo can be easily found by infrared detection.We designed an infrared camouf...The temperature difference between the exposed surface of an underground silo and the surrounding soil surface is significant,which means a silo can be easily found by infrared detection.We designed an infrared camouflage cloak consisting of an imitative layer and an insulation layer for the silos.The imitative layer is used to imitate the thermal response of the soil to the surrounding environment.The insulation layer is used to weaken the impact of the internal temperature field of the silo on the lower boundary of the imitative layer.A silo model including surrounding soil and a soil model without silo were established,and the influences of the material and thickness of each layer on the infrared camouflage effect were analyzed.The results show that when using a silicone rubber containing alumina powder with a volume fraction of 3.18% as the imitative material,its thermal inertia is in consistent with that of the soil.Meanwhile,it was found that the thickness of the imitative layer doesn't need to be greater than its thermal penetration depth to achieve the infrared camouflage,and the absence of the insulation layer will cause hot spots on the silo surface in winter to weaken the camouflage effect.The optimized thicknesses of the imitative layer and the insulation layer are 22 cm and 4 cm re spectively.The simulations indicate that with the application of the cloak,the maximum value of the absolute values of the temperature differences between the average temperatures of the silo surface and the surrounding soil surface temperatures drops from 1,59℃ to 0.31℃ in summer and from 1.92℃ to 0.21℃ in winter.This designed cloak can achieve an all-weather and full-time passive infrared camouflage.展开更多
Aiming at the phenomenon of discrete variables whic h generally exists in engineering structural optimization, a novel hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed to directly search the optimal solution in this pape r....Aiming at the phenomenon of discrete variables whic h generally exists in engineering structural optimization, a novel hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed to directly search the optimal solution in this pape r. The imitative full-stress design method (IFS) was presented for discrete struct ural optimum design subjected to multi-constraints. To reach the imitative full -stress state for dangerous members was the target of IFS through iteration. IF S is integrated in the GA. The basic idea of HGA is to divide the optimization t ask into two complementary parts. The coarse, global optimization is done by the GA while local refinement is done by IFS. For instance, every K generations, th e population is doped with a locally optimal individual obtained from IFS. Both methods run in parallel. All or some of individuals are continuously used as initial values for IFS. The locally optimized individuals are re-implanted into the current generation in the GA. From some numeral examples, hybridizatio n has been discovered as enormous potential for improvement of genetic algorit hm. Selection is the component which guides the HGA to the solution by preferring in dividuals with high fitness over low-fitted ones. Selection can be deterministi c operation, but in most implementations it has random components. "Elite surviv al" is introduced to avoid that the observed best-fitted individual dies out, j ust by selecting it for the next generation without any random experiments. The individuals of population are competitive only in the same generation. There exists no competition among different generations. So HGA may be permitted to h ave different evaluation criteria for different generations. Multi-Selectio n schemes are adopted to avoid slow refinement since the individuals have si milar fitness values in the end phase of HGA. The feasibility of this method is tested with examples of engineering design wit h discrete variables. Results demonstrate the validity of HGA.展开更多
Outfield testing is an effective measure to check the performance of wireless networks and facilities.Current outfield testing environment has inherent fluctuation due to the wireless propagation condition and has oth...Outfield testing is an effective measure to check the performance of wireless networks and facilities.Current outfield testing environment has inherent fluctuation due to the wireless propagation condition and has other disadvantages such as nonsupport for multiple scenarios,and low-level yet high-cost auto-control capability.In this paper,the conception of a radio testing environment,known as T-Ring(Integrated-Testing Ring),is proposed.It is based on a novel fitting degree evaluation frame.The testing ring can achieve high level of fitting degree to the real network so that the fluctuation of the wireless environment will be under control or even eliminated.This paper will choose some typical performance indicators and obtain corresponding statistical data in both the real network and system level simulation.A complete set of procedures is also given in this paper to evaluate the fitting degree of testing results and simulation results.It proves that the simulation highly fits to the real network and the simulation configuration can be used to construct the testing ring.At the same time,the advanced radio testing ring integrates multiple radio access technologies,scenarios and facilities from different manufacturers.It can improve the efficiency of wireless outfield testing and lower the cost of operators and manufacturers.展开更多
UG and imitation are two parallel hypotheses trying to answer how childrens language acquisition is realized. Imitation fails to explain how children acquire language; however, it helps a lot in childrens language acq...UG and imitation are two parallel hypotheses trying to answer how childrens language acquisition is realized. Imitation fails to explain how children acquire language; however, it helps a lot in childrens language acquisition.展开更多
Based on the translated version of“The Root Cause of Poverty”by Rutger Bregman on the Ted speech online platform,this research analyzes the application of direct borrowing,imitative translation and creative translat...Based on the translated version of“The Root Cause of Poverty”by Rutger Bregman on the Ted speech online platform,this research analyzes the application of direct borrowing,imitative translation and creative translation in English-Chinese translation.First,we believe the direct borrowing of a ready-made version is most ideal as it reveals the common ground both languages share when translating a source text.Next,it is preferable to imitate an already existing expression as similarity is reader-friendly.However,it is sometimes necessary to adopt creative translation to preserve differences to ensure that the meaning of the original language is accurately transmitted.展开更多
It is of vital importance for modern college English teaching to properly construct an interactive multimedia-internet-based teaching system, the structure of which is clearly elaborated in this paper. An IMITS usuall...It is of vital importance for modern college English teaching to properly construct an interactive multimedia-internet-based teaching system, the structure of which is clearly elaborated in this paper. An IMITS usually consists of hardware, software, teaching and management. At the end of this paper, a conclusion is made that only when all the four parts of IMITS are construct ed such as is demonstrated, can the IMITS exert its full effects in college English teaching.展开更多
基金the National Social Science Foundation’s General Project“Research on the Dissemination and Reception of Foreign Children’s Literature in Modern China”(Project No.19BZW144).
文摘In 1922,“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”was translated and introduced by Zhao Yuanren to China.In the 1930s and 1940s,a series of Chinese-style“Alice”stories appeared.Writers borrowed from the plot structure and character images of“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”,making it a work rich in Chinese national language and culture.This article uses the documentary method and comparative research to study the Chinese-style“Alice”stories,and believes that these stories consciously convey new literary concepts,shape children in the new era,and become a part of modern Chinese children’s literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)“Research on Entrepreneurial Activities in Dynamic and Complex Institutional Environments”(Grant No.71872193)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation“Research on the Multiple Institutional Effects of Innovative Entrepreneurship from the Perspective of Knowledge Utilization”(Grant No.2023A1515110323)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation“From Strategic to Substantive Transformation:The Dynamic Process of Multi-Factor Family Involvement and Enterprise Digital Transformation”(Grant No.2024A1515012619).
文摘This paper explores the impact of inward foreign direct investment(FDI)on entrepreneurial activity in host countries.It argues that inward FDI affects different types of entrepreneurship in distinct ways,with its impact varying depending on the level of formal institutional development in the host country.On the one hand,inward FDI’s market spillover effects increase opportunities for imitative entrepreneurship and reduce entrepreneurial risk.On the other hand,inward FDI has a mixed blessing for innovative entrepreneurship:it fuels innovation through knowledge spillovers but simultaneously intensifies competition,creating uncertainty.Using 268 observations from 59 countries between 2010 and 2018,our empirical evidence reveals a striking dichotomy:inward FDI fuels imitative entrepreneurship where formal institutions are weak,yet only fosters innovative entrepreneurship where institutions are robust.Further analysis identifies key factors-such as host country R&D investment,intellectual property protection,financial development,and entrepreneurial support-that influence whether inward FDI can effectively foster innovative entrepreneurship.
基金Natural Science Fund of the Provincial Education Commission of HenanNatural Science Fund of the Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Science.
文摘Fe element is the important colorant in the glaze of Chinese green porcelain, es-pecially in sky-green glaze of Ru porcelain. But the information on the chemicalstates of Fe element in the glaze cannot be obtained effectively through chemical analysisand X-ray diffraction. Detailed analysis on chemical states of the Fe element can be donewith Mossbauer spectroscopy. The phase transformation during the firing process ofsky-green glaze of imitative ancient Ru porcelain has been done with
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52475032)Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(Grant No.246Z2001G)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation Key Projects(Grant No.E2021203125).
文摘The existing research on rescue robots has focused mainly on reconnaissance,detection,and firefighting,and a small number of robots that can achieve human rescue have problems such as poor safety and stability and insufficient carrying capacity.This article addresses the above issues and cleverly combines the advantages of soft robotic arms,underactuated robotic arms,and suction cups based on the principles of bionics.A new design for a robotic arm was proposed,and its working principle was explained.Then,the human rescue process was divided into two stages,and the grasping force of the robotic arm in each stage was analyzed separately.Finally,a prototype of the principle was developed,and the feasibility of the design principle of the robotic arm was verified through grasping experiments on a cross-sectional contour model of the human chest.At the same time,grasping experiments were conducted on different objects to demonstrate the potential application of the robotic arm in grasping ground objects.This research proposes a stress envelope adsorption rescue robot arm inspired by the adhesion ability of the Drosera plant and the stress envelope effect,which can apply force to the entire surface of the human body,reduce local force on the human body,ensure load-bearing capacity and adaptability,and improve the safety and stability of rescue grasping.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52375246,No.52372428,No.52105100)Guangxi Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2023AB09014)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program,(Grant No.20230201094GX,No.20230201069GX).
文摘The automatic and rapid generation of excavation trajectories is the foundation for achieving an intelligent excavator.To obtain high-performance trajectories that enhance operational capacity while avoiding the numerous issues present in existing methods for generating effective excavation paths,this paper proposes a trajectory generation method for excavators based on imitation learning,using the mole as a bionic prototype.Given the high excavation efficiency of moles,this paper first analyzes the structural characteristics of the mole’s forelimbs,its digging principles,morphology,and trajectory patterns.Subsequently,a higher-order polynomial is employed to fit and optimize the mole’s excavation trajectory.Next,imitation learning is conducted on sample trajectories based on Dynamic Movement Primitives,followed by the introduction of an obstacle avoidance algorithm.Simulation experiments and comparisons demonstrate that the mole-inspired trajectory method used in this paper performs well and possesses the ability to generate obstacle avoidance trajectories,as well as the convenience of transferring across different machine models.
文摘IntuiGrasp is a novel three-fingered dexterous hand that pioneers bio-inspired demonstrations with intuitive priors(BDIP)to bridge the gap between human tactile intuition and robotic execution.Unlike conven-tional programming,BDIP leverages human's innate priors(e.g.,“A pack of tissues requires gentle grasps,cups demand firm contact”)by enabling real-time transfer of gesture and force policies during physical demon-stration.When a human demonstrator wears IntuiGrasp,driven rings provide real-time haptic feedback on contact stress and slip,while inte-grated tactile sensors translate these human policies into image data,offering valuable data for imitation learning.In this study,human teachers use IntuiGrasp to demonstrate how to grasp three types of objects:a cup,a crumpled tissue pack,and a thin playing card.IntuiGrasp translates the policies for grasping these objects into image information that describes tactile sensations in real time.
基金the Australian Research Council (ARC) through Future Fellowship (FT210100298)Discovery Project (DP220100603)+8 种基金Linkage Project (LP210200504,LP220100088, LP230200897)Industrial Transformation Research Hub (IH240100009) schemesthe Australian Government through the Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRCPXIII000077)the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) as part of ARENA’s Transformative Research Accelerating Commercialisation Program (TM021)European Commission’s Australia-Spain Network for Innovation and Research Excellence (Au Spire)the Foundation of Liaoning Province Education Administration (2020LQN03)the Foundation of Liaoning Province Education Administration in 2024 (Independent topic selection-Natural science category-Strategic industrialization project LJ212410163023)the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (JYTMS20230767)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC2007132)
文摘As a green sustainable alternative technology,synthesizing nitrate by electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction(NOR)can replace the traditional energyintensive Ostwald process.But low nitrogen fixation yields and poor selectivity due to the high bond energy of the N≡N bond and competition from the oxygen evolution reaction in the electrolyte restrict its application.On the other hand,two-dimensional(2D)PdS_(2)as a member in the family of group-10 novel transition metal dichalcogenides(NTMDs)presents the interesting optical and electronic properties due to its novel folded pentagonal structure,but few researches involve to its fabrication and application.Herein,unique imitating growth feature for PdS_(2)on different 2D substrates has been firstly discovered for constructing 2D/2D heterostructures by interface engineering.Due to the different exposed chemical groups on the substrates,PdS_(2)grows as the imitation to the morphologies of the substrates and presents different thickness,size,shape and the degree of oxidation,resulting in the significant difference in the NOR activity and stability of the obtained composite catalysts.Especially,the thin and small PdS_(2)nanoplates with more defects can be obtained by decorating poly(1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide)on the 2D substrate,easily oxidized during the preparation process,resulting in the in situ generation of SO_(4)^(2−),which plays a crucial role in reducing the activation energy of the NOR process,leading to improved efficiency for nitrate production,verified by theoretical calculation.This research provides valuable insights for the development of novel electrocatalysts based on NTMDs for NOR and highlights the importance of interface engineering in enhancing catalytic performance.
文摘This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The participants were a 17-year-old young lady with ASD and intellectual deficit, and a control participant: a preadolescent with ASD but no intellectual deficit (Asperger syndrome). The game is comprised of four phases: greetings, pairing, imitation, and closing. Field educators were involved, playing specific roles: visual or physical inciter. The use of a robot allows for catching the participants’ attention, playing the imitation game for a longer period of time than with a human partner, and preventing the game partner’s negative facial expressions resulting from tiredness, impatience, or boredom. The participants’ behavior was observed in terms of initial approach towards the robot, positioning relative to the robot in terms of distance and orientation, reactions to the robot’s voice or moves, signs of happiness, and imitation attempts. Results suggest a more and more natural approach towards the robot during the sessions, as well as a higher level of social interaction, based on the variations of the parameters listed above. We use these preliminary results to draw the next steps of our research work as well as identify further perspectives, with this aim in mind: improving social interactions with adolescents with ASD and intellectual deficit, allowing for better integration of these people into our societies.
基金supported by Tibet Major Science and Technology Project(XZ201901-GA-06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101237&41871294)National key research and development program(2022YFC3202104).
文摘Group living animals form striking aggregation patterns and display synchronization,polarization,and collective intelligence.Though many col-lective behavioral studies have been conducted on small animals like insects and fish,research on large animals is still rare due to the limited availability of field collective data.We used drones to record videos and analyzed the decision-making and behavioral spatial patterns in orienta-tion of Kiang(Tibetan wild ass,Equus kiang).Leadership is unevenly distributed among Kiang,with the minority initiating majority behavior-shift decisions.Decisions of individual to join are driven by imitation between group members,and are largely dependent on the number of members who have already joined.Kiang respond to the behavior and position of neighbors through different strategies.They strongly polarize when moving,therefore adopting a linear alignment.When vigilant,orientation deviation increases as they form a tighter group.They remain scattered while feeding and,in that context,adopt a side-by-side alignment.This study reveals partially-shared decision-making among Kiang,whereby copying neighbors provides the wisdom to thrive in harsh conditions.This study also suggests that animals'spatial patterns in orientation depend largely ontheirbehavioral states inachieving synchronization.
文摘The theory of“imitation”in painting occupies a leading position in western art,which originated from the theory of“imitation”in ancient Greece,and has become one of the art theories affecting the world through the continuous development of later generations.Through the exploration of the source of“imitation”in China and the West,there are some comments on the meaning of“imitation”in Chinese classical painting theory,such as“transfer model writing”and“image form”,which is obvious differences from the west.Traditional Chinese painting is a combination of careful observation of natural things and subjective emotions to express their own aesthetic feelings,and ultimately form a vivid artistic conception.Modern imitation is borrowed from Western imitation.In fact,imitation in traditional painting has its own meaning,which contains Chinese aesthetic thought.“Imitation”aesthetics is unique in traditional Chinese painting and is the most important form of painting art.
基金supported by the Open Project of Xiangjiang Laboratory (22XJ02003)Scientific Project of the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT)(ZK21-07, 23-ZZCX-JDZ-28)+1 种基金the National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars (62122093)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72071205)。
文摘Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well with complex problems.Given the frequent need to solve varied combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging statistical learning to auto-tune B&B algorithms for specific problem classes becomes attractive. This paper proposes a graph pointer network model to learn the branch rules. Graph features, global features and historical features are designated to represent the solver state. The graph neural network processes graph features, while the pointer mechanism assimilates the global and historical features to finally determine the variable on which to branch. The model is trained to imitate the expert strong branching rule by a tailored top-k Kullback-Leibler divergence loss function. Experiments on a series of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the widely used expert-designed branching rules. It also outperforms state-of-the-art machine-learning-based branch-and-bound methods in terms of solving speed and search tree size on all the test instances. In addition, the model can generalize to unseen instances and scale to larger instances.
文摘Aim The particle texture from diesel engine was imitated by use of computer. Methods The theory of fractal geometry and the diffusion limited aggregation model were used to simulate the micron texture. Results The fractal dimensions of granule distribution and corpuscle superficial area are quite conformed with those of measurement. Conclusion The texture parameters of engine particle cluster can be obtained precisely by use of fractal theory.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(contract grant number 51576188)。
文摘The temperature difference between the exposed surface of an underground silo and the surrounding soil surface is significant,which means a silo can be easily found by infrared detection.We designed an infrared camouflage cloak consisting of an imitative layer and an insulation layer for the silos.The imitative layer is used to imitate the thermal response of the soil to the surrounding environment.The insulation layer is used to weaken the impact of the internal temperature field of the silo on the lower boundary of the imitative layer.A silo model including surrounding soil and a soil model without silo were established,and the influences of the material and thickness of each layer on the infrared camouflage effect were analyzed.The results show that when using a silicone rubber containing alumina powder with a volume fraction of 3.18% as the imitative material,its thermal inertia is in consistent with that of the soil.Meanwhile,it was found that the thickness of the imitative layer doesn't need to be greater than its thermal penetration depth to achieve the infrared camouflage,and the absence of the insulation layer will cause hot spots on the silo surface in winter to weaken the camouflage effect.The optimized thicknesses of the imitative layer and the insulation layer are 22 cm and 4 cm re spectively.The simulations indicate that with the application of the cloak,the maximum value of the absolute values of the temperature differences between the average temperatures of the silo surface and the surrounding soil surface temperatures drops from 1,59℃ to 0.31℃ in summer and from 1.92℃ to 0.21℃ in winter.This designed cloak can achieve an all-weather and full-time passive infrared camouflage.
文摘Aiming at the phenomenon of discrete variables whic h generally exists in engineering structural optimization, a novel hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed to directly search the optimal solution in this pape r. The imitative full-stress design method (IFS) was presented for discrete struct ural optimum design subjected to multi-constraints. To reach the imitative full -stress state for dangerous members was the target of IFS through iteration. IF S is integrated in the GA. The basic idea of HGA is to divide the optimization t ask into two complementary parts. The coarse, global optimization is done by the GA while local refinement is done by IFS. For instance, every K generations, th e population is doped with a locally optimal individual obtained from IFS. Both methods run in parallel. All or some of individuals are continuously used as initial values for IFS. The locally optimized individuals are re-implanted into the current generation in the GA. From some numeral examples, hybridizatio n has been discovered as enormous potential for improvement of genetic algorit hm. Selection is the component which guides the HGA to the solution by preferring in dividuals with high fitness over low-fitted ones. Selection can be deterministi c operation, but in most implementations it has random components. "Elite surviv al" is introduced to avoid that the observed best-fitted individual dies out, j ust by selecting it for the next generation without any random experiments. The individuals of population are competitive only in the same generation. There exists no competition among different generations. So HGA may be permitted to h ave different evaluation criteria for different generations. Multi-Selectio n schemes are adopted to avoid slow refinement since the individuals have si milar fitness values in the end phase of HGA. The feasibility of this method is tested with examples of engineering design wit h discrete variables. Results demonstrate the validity of HGA.
文摘Outfield testing is an effective measure to check the performance of wireless networks and facilities.Current outfield testing environment has inherent fluctuation due to the wireless propagation condition and has other disadvantages such as nonsupport for multiple scenarios,and low-level yet high-cost auto-control capability.In this paper,the conception of a radio testing environment,known as T-Ring(Integrated-Testing Ring),is proposed.It is based on a novel fitting degree evaluation frame.The testing ring can achieve high level of fitting degree to the real network so that the fluctuation of the wireless environment will be under control or even eliminated.This paper will choose some typical performance indicators and obtain corresponding statistical data in both the real network and system level simulation.A complete set of procedures is also given in this paper to evaluate the fitting degree of testing results and simulation results.It proves that the simulation highly fits to the real network and the simulation configuration can be used to construct the testing ring.At the same time,the advanced radio testing ring integrates multiple radio access technologies,scenarios and facilities from different manufacturers.It can improve the efficiency of wireless outfield testing and lower the cost of operators and manufacturers.
文摘UG and imitation are two parallel hypotheses trying to answer how childrens language acquisition is realized. Imitation fails to explain how children acquire language; however, it helps a lot in childrens language acquisition.
文摘Based on the translated version of“The Root Cause of Poverty”by Rutger Bregman on the Ted speech online platform,this research analyzes the application of direct borrowing,imitative translation and creative translation in English-Chinese translation.First,we believe the direct borrowing of a ready-made version is most ideal as it reveals the common ground both languages share when translating a source text.Next,it is preferable to imitate an already existing expression as similarity is reader-friendly.However,it is sometimes necessary to adopt creative translation to preserve differences to ensure that the meaning of the original language is accurately transmitted.
文摘It is of vital importance for modern college English teaching to properly construct an interactive multimedia-internet-based teaching system, the structure of which is clearly elaborated in this paper. An IMITS usually consists of hardware, software, teaching and management. At the end of this paper, a conclusion is made that only when all the four parts of IMITS are construct ed such as is demonstrated, can the IMITS exert its full effects in college English teaching.
