Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of topical imiquimod treatment on cutaneous vascular disorders in pediatric patients.Methods:A retrospective investigation was conducted in 25 pediatric patients with cutaneou...Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of topical imiquimod treatment on cutaneous vascular disorders in pediatric patients.Methods:A retrospective investigation was conducted in 25 pediatric patients with cutaneous vascular disorders,including 19 infantile hemangiomas(IHs)(12 superficial/7 mixed type),5 nevus flammeus(NF),and 1 pyogenic granuloma(PG).Imiquimod 5% cream was applied every other day for 4 to 16 weeks(average 9.6 weeks).Results:Of the 19 IHs treated,an overall efficacy of 52.6% was achieved,with a clinical resolution rate of 15.8%,excellent rate of 26.3%,and moderate rate of 10.5%.The superficial type responded the best at 66.7%,while the mixed type showed only 28.6% effectiveness,which was predominantly from their superficial parts.No obvious response was noted in the 5 patients with NF.Side effects were observed in 78.9% of the patients,mostly mild to moderate local irritations and occasionally severe reactions such as thick crusting and ulceration.Systemic side events were observed in 4 IH patients including fever and digestive tract reactions.No recurrence was observed during the follow-up examination.Conclusions:Topical imiquimod could be an alternative option for the treatment of uncomplicated superficial IHs with satisfactory tolerability.展开更多
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by patches on the skin.It is caused by malfunction of immune cells and keratinocytes with inflammation as one of its key features.Apigenin(API)is a natural flavonoid ...Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by patches on the skin.It is caused by malfunction of immune cells and keratinocytes with inflammation as one of its key features.Apigenin(API)is a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.Therefore,we speculated that API can ameliorate psoriasis,and determined its effect on the development of psoriasis by using imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model.Our results showed that API attenuated IMQ-induced phenotypic changes,such as erythema,scaling and epidermal thickening,and improved splenic hyperplasia.Abnormal differentiation of immune cells was restored in API-treated mice.Mechanistically,we revealed that API is a key regulator of signal transducer activator of transcription 3(STAT3).API regulated immune responses by reducing interleukin-23(IL-23)/STAT3/IL-17A axis.Moreover,it suppressed IMQ-caused cell hyperproliferation by inactivating STAT3 through regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway.Furthermore,API reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines through inactivation of NF-κB.Taken together,our study demonstrates that API can ameliorate psoriasis and may be considered as a strategy for psoriasis treatment.展开更多
Objective： To observe the efficacy and safety of topical imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of uncomplicated infantile hemangiomas （IHs）. Methods： A total of 68 IHs were treated with topical imiquimod 5% cream. A...Objective： To observe the efficacy and safety of topical imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of uncomplicated infantile hemangiomas （IHs）. Methods： A total of 68 IHs were treated with topical imiquimod 5% cream. Among them, 36 were superficial, 22 were mixed, and 10 were deep. The size of IHs ranged from 1.0 cm × 1.5 cm to an area of a whole forearm. All the hemangiomas were in a proliferative stage. Imiquimod was applied 3 times weekly in 44 patients and 5 times weekly in 24 patients for up to 36 weeks. Results： All superficial IHs improved, and 18 achieved complete clinical resolution, 10 had excellent improvement, 5 showed moderate improvements, and 3 patients displayed minimal improvement. Two mixed IHs showed excellent improvement, 3 showed moderate improvement and 5 manifested minimal improvements. The remaining 12 mixed IHs and all deep IHs did not respond to the therapy. The total incidence of local adverse events was 58.82%（40/68）, which included erythema or edema, local itching, incrustation or peeling, erosion or ulceration, although most of these were mild to moderate reactions and did not affect the treatment. Scarring occurred in 2 mixed IHs. No systemic side effects developed. Conclusion： Imiquimod 5% cream may be a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of superficial IHs and some mixed IHs in which the superficial component predominates. An appropriate treatment duration for proliferative IHs treated with this therapy may be 24 weeks. Some local adverse events, such as crusting and erosion with possible scarfing potential may occur and should be addressed by prompt, but temporary, discontinuation of the imiquimod. Topical imiquimod 5% cream can be prudently used in the treatment of IHs larger than 5.0 cm × 5.0 cm in newborns and infants less than 6 months of age. To our knowledge, this is the largest IH group treated with imiquimod that has been reported in the literature to date.展开更多
In the present study,we aimed to formulate,optimize and characterize nanoemulsion-based gel of imiquimod for its topical administration and to improve the drug permeation.Nanoemulsions were prepared by the aqueous pha...In the present study,we aimed to formulate,optimize and characterize nanoemulsion-based gel of imiquimod for its topical administration and to improve the drug permeation.Nanoemulsions were prepared by the aqueous phase titration method and spontaneously formed by mixing specific fractions of oil phase:Smix:water.The nanoemulsion formulations were optimized by response surface methodology(RSM) using mixture design,Scheffe model.The formulated nanoemulsion was incorporated into 0.5% Carbopol 934(w/v) to enhance convenience in superficial application of the drug.The nanoemulsions were characterized in terms of droplet size,zeta potential,TEM,DSC and in vitro drug permeation.The vesicle size was 113.6 nm with polydispersity index of 0.251.The zeta potential was 34 m V.The spherical droplet shape was confirmed by TEM analysis.The drug permeation from the diffusion membrane was 73.67% in 6 h for the optimized formulation.An optimized nanoemulsion gel formulation of imiquimod was successfully developed with improved permeation using experimental design technique.The developed formulation could be further explored as a potential alternate to currently available topical formulations for the treatment of genital warts.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate anti-psoriatic activity of Coleus forskohlii in rats with imiquimod-induced psoriasis.Methods:Imiquimod was used to induce psoriasis in rats.Body weight,skin thickness,erythema,scaling,spleen wei...Objective:To evaluate anti-psoriatic activity of Coleus forskohlii in rats with imiquimod-induced psoriasis.Methods:Imiquimod was used to induce psoriasis in rats.Body weight,skin thickness,erythema,scaling,spleen weight,and histological alternations were measured to assess the effect of Coleus forskohlii.Furthermore,an emulgel formulation containing Coleus forskohlii 10%was prepared and characterized along with its ex vivo permeation studies.Results:The emulgel formulation containing Coleus forskohlii 10%had a pH of 5.40±0.36,with optimum spreadability of(31.67±2.08)g/(cm·s)and viscosity of(15966.67±1274.10)cps,and enhanced both the rate and the extent of drug permeation through psoriatic skin.In an ex vivo study,the quantity of drug permeated(19.18%),deposited(52.38%),and drug remaining in the donor compartments(28.31%)was satisfactory.Coleus forskohlii significantly alleviated imiquimod-induced psoriasis by increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity,decreasing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels,and alleviating histological alternations in rat skin.Conclusions:Coleus forskohlii can alleviate imiquimod-induced psoriasis,which may be used as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of psoriasis.展开更多
Background Actinic keratosis is the most prevalent premalignant skin disorder in the white population. Current guidelines provide no clear recommendations about preferred treatments. Methods The parameters;effectivene...Background Actinic keratosis is the most prevalent premalignant skin disorder in the white population. Current guidelines provide no clear recommendations about preferred treatments. Methods The parameters;effectiveness, treatment duration, recurrence, side effects and cost of treatment were investigated for three frequently used topical therapies which were then compared with a most recent developed topical therapy. Published clinical data obtained from the literature was used to compare these parameters for 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod and diclofenac and relate them with the newly developed Curaderm. Results A wide variation in the concentrations of the active anti-keratotic ingredients, application frequency, duration of treatment, recurrence rates and cost of treatment exist between the different topical therapies. The efficacy rates and side effects were less variable. Overall, Curaderm is the most suitable treatment for actinic keratosis. Clinical evidence is presented illustrating the effects of Curaderm on field-directed treatments and solitary treatments of actinic keratoses. Conclusions Current medical guidelines do not provide clear recommendations on which treatment approach for actinic keratosis is preferred. Direct head-to-head comparison between treatments with emphasis on efficacy, safety, treatment duration, compliance, convenience, cosmetic outcome, patient acceptance and cost should be available to the patient, the practising physician, healthcare system and should assist in therapeutic treatment guidelines and policymaking. Given the very favourable profiles of these parameters with Curaderm when compared with other home-based treatments, it should be considered that Curaderm is first-in-line.展开更多
Congenital melanocytic nevi(CMN) are common skin tumors. Large and specially located nevi cannot be completely removed by surgery, posing the risks of both cosmetic deformities and potential malignancy.Nonsurgical tre...Congenital melanocytic nevi(CMN) are common skin tumors. Large and specially located nevi cannot be completely removed by surgery, posing the risks of both cosmetic deformities and potential malignancy.Nonsurgical treatments, such as laser therapy and physical dermabrasion, can overcome the limitations of surgery;however, the high rate of repigmentation remains an unresolved global challenge. We conducted a self-controlled observational study of a patient with a nevus on the chest. Two areas of the lesion were treated with an Er:YAG laser and 5% imiquimod cream was applied to one of these areas. After nearly 7-months of follow-up, we observed a significant difference in color between the two areas, suggesting that topical imiquimod may inhibit repigmentation and significantly enhance the effectiveness of laser treatment.展开更多
Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular proliferation of the skin and mucosae, that has been treated with different regimens with variable success and recurrence rates;however, the management of PG still remains ...Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular proliferation of the skin and mucosae, that has been treated with different regimens with variable success and recurrence rates;however, the management of PG still remains a challenging issue, particularly in children and in adult cases with lesions localized at sites difficult to access. Imiquimod, a member of the imidazoquinoline family of immune response modifiers, is a topically applicable TLR-7/8 agonist that reveals potent antiviral, antitumor, immunoregulatory and antiangiogenic properties. In the present paper we report the case of a 9-year old boy with suborbital pyogenic granuloma, successfully treated with topical daily application of imiquimod 5% cream without occlusion. 8 weeks after onset of topical imiquimod treatment a complete resolution of the lesion without any scarring was observed. No systemic side effects were seen and the patient remained well throughout the course of therapy. He is presently completing a 15-month follow-up and has revealed no relapse. The findings of the present study suggest that topical imiquimod is a safe, effective and well-tolerated treatment for PG in children, even at difficult to treat areas like the suborbital region.展开更多
Background Imiquimod is an imidazoquinoline, which class of compounds are known to have antiviral and antitumoural properties. In recent studies, it was shown that imiquimod modulates the T helper cell type Th1/Th2 re...Background Imiquimod is an imidazoquinoline, which class of compounds are known to have antiviral and antitumoural properties. In recent studies, it was shown that imiquimod modulates the T helper cell type Th1/Th2 response by inducing the production of Thl cytokines like IFN-γ, and by inhibiting the Th2 cytokines like interleukin （IL）-4. Several investigators have shown that T-bet and GATA-3 are master Thl and Th2 regulatory transcription factors. This study investigated whether irniquimod treatment inhibited airway inflammation by modulating transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3. Methods Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, an asthmatic group, and an imiquimod group, which was exposed to an aerosol of 0.15% imiquimod. Twenty-four hours after the last ovalbumin （OVA） challenge, airway responsiveness was measured and changes in airway histology were observed. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The rnRNA expressions of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, T-bet and GATA-3 in lung and in CD4^＋ T cells were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The protein expressions ofT-bet and GATA-3 were measured by Western blot. Results It was demonstrated that imiquimod 1） attenuated OVA induced airway inflammation; 2） diminished the degree of airway hyperresponsiveness （AHR）; 3） decreased the Th2 type cytokines and increased Thl type cytokines mRNA and protein levels; 4） modulated the Th1/Th2 reaction by inhibiting GATA-3 production and increasing T-bet production. Conclusion Imiquimod treatment inhibits OVA induced airway inflammation by modulating key master switches GATA-3 and T-bet that result in committing T helper cells to a Thl phenotype.展开更多
Imiquimod is an imidazoquinoline derivative. Some studies have shown that imiquimod modulates the Th1/Th2 response by inducing the production of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and interleukin （IL）-12. and by inhibiting Th2 cy...Imiquimod is an imidazoquinoline derivative. Some studies have shown that imiquimod modulates the Th1/Th2 response by inducing the production of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and interleukin （IL）-12. and by inhibiting Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. These data suggest that imiquimod has therapeutic appli . cations in atopic diseases such as allergic asthma that are associated with overexpression of Th2 cytokines.展开更多
目的建立咪喹莫特(IMQ)和环磷酰胺(CTX)诱导的C57BL/6J小鼠斑秃模型并比较其特点。方法将104只C57BL/6J小鼠分为IMQ组(头部/背部涂抹5%0.05 g IMQ,每周4次,持续4周)与CTX组(脱毛后腹腔注射3 mg/20 g CTX),对照组对应区域涂抹凡士林(0.05...目的建立咪喹莫特(IMQ)和环磷酰胺(CTX)诱导的C57BL/6J小鼠斑秃模型并比较其特点。方法将104只C57BL/6J小鼠分为IMQ组(头部/背部涂抹5%0.05 g IMQ,每周4次,持续4周)与CTX组(脱毛后腹腔注射3 mg/20 g CTX),对照组对应区域涂抹凡士林(0.05 g)或仅脱毛。在建模过程中,持续监测小鼠的体质量、毛发变化。HE染色观察皮肤毛囊变化和表皮厚度。采用ELISA法检测小鼠头、背部皮损和血清中干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-15(IL-15)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平。结果IMQ建模周期为4周,第4周时头、背部皮损处形成约1 cm×1 cm面积大小的片状裸露区,并伴有少量鳞屑;CTX建模周期为14 d,腹腔注射CTX后5 d,头、背部皮损毛发脱落,皮肤呈暗灰色。组织病理学显示,两种模型组小鼠的毛囊较对照组有明显改变,且IMQ组小鼠的表皮增厚更为显著。IMQ和CTX两种建模方式均可导致皮肤组织和血清中的IFN-γ、IL-15、TNF-α显著升高(P<0.0001),其中IMQ建模方式的炎症因子升高更为明显(P<0.0001,P<0.001,P<0.01)。结论IMQ和CTX均能在C57BL/6J小鼠头、背部成功诱导斑秃模型,相较于IMQ建模方式,CTX的建模方式具有建模时间短、存活率高、成模率高的优势,是一种相对稳定的斑秃动物建模方法。展开更多
基金Project (No. 2009B076) supported by the Medical Science Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China
文摘Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of topical imiquimod treatment on cutaneous vascular disorders in pediatric patients.Methods:A retrospective investigation was conducted in 25 pediatric patients with cutaneous vascular disorders,including 19 infantile hemangiomas(IHs)(12 superficial/7 mixed type),5 nevus flammeus(NF),and 1 pyogenic granuloma(PG).Imiquimod 5% cream was applied every other day for 4 to 16 weeks(average 9.6 weeks).Results:Of the 19 IHs treated,an overall efficacy of 52.6% was achieved,with a clinical resolution rate of 15.8%,excellent rate of 26.3%,and moderate rate of 10.5%.The superficial type responded the best at 66.7%,while the mixed type showed only 28.6% effectiveness,which was predominantly from their superficial parts.No obvious response was noted in the 5 patients with NF.Side effects were observed in 78.9% of the patients,mostly mild to moderate local irritations and occasionally severe reactions such as thick crusting and ulceration.Systemic side events were observed in 4 IH patients including fever and digestive tract reactions.No recurrence was observed during the follow-up examination.Conclusions:Topical imiquimod could be an alternative option for the treatment of uncomplicated superficial IHs with satisfactory tolerability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(81973316,82173807)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M681914)+1 种基金the Fund from Tianjin Municipal Health Commission(ZC200093)the Open Fund of Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Tianjin Key Laboratory of human development and reproductive regulation(2021XHY01)。
文摘Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by patches on the skin.It is caused by malfunction of immune cells and keratinocytes with inflammation as one of its key features.Apigenin(API)is a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.Therefore,we speculated that API can ameliorate psoriasis,and determined its effect on the development of psoriasis by using imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model.Our results showed that API attenuated IMQ-induced phenotypic changes,such as erythema,scaling and epidermal thickening,and improved splenic hyperplasia.Abnormal differentiation of immune cells was restored in API-treated mice.Mechanistically,we revealed that API is a key regulator of signal transducer activator of transcription 3(STAT3).API regulated immune responses by reducing interleukin-23(IL-23)/STAT3/IL-17A axis.Moreover,it suppressed IMQ-caused cell hyperproliferation by inactivating STAT3 through regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway.Furthermore,API reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines through inactivation of NF-κB.Taken together,our study demonstrates that API can ameliorate psoriasis and may be considered as a strategy for psoriasis treatment.
基金supported by Science and Technology Foundation of shaanxi Province(2005K13-G6)
文摘Objective： To observe the efficacy and safety of topical imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of uncomplicated infantile hemangiomas （IHs）. Methods： A total of 68 IHs were treated with topical imiquimod 5% cream. Among them, 36 were superficial, 22 were mixed, and 10 were deep. The size of IHs ranged from 1.0 cm × 1.5 cm to an area of a whole forearm. All the hemangiomas were in a proliferative stage. Imiquimod was applied 3 times weekly in 44 patients and 5 times weekly in 24 patients for up to 36 weeks. Results： All superficial IHs improved, and 18 achieved complete clinical resolution, 10 had excellent improvement, 5 showed moderate improvements, and 3 patients displayed minimal improvement. Two mixed IHs showed excellent improvement, 3 showed moderate improvement and 5 manifested minimal improvements. The remaining 12 mixed IHs and all deep IHs did not respond to the therapy. The total incidence of local adverse events was 58.82%（40/68）, which included erythema or edema, local itching, incrustation or peeling, erosion or ulceration, although most of these were mild to moderate reactions and did not affect the treatment. Scarring occurred in 2 mixed IHs. No systemic side effects developed. Conclusion： Imiquimod 5% cream may be a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of superficial IHs and some mixed IHs in which the superficial component predominates. An appropriate treatment duration for proliferative IHs treated with this therapy may be 24 weeks. Some local adverse events, such as crusting and erosion with possible scarfing potential may occur and should be addressed by prompt, but temporary, discontinuation of the imiquimod. Topical imiquimod 5% cream can be prudently used in the treatment of IHs larger than 5.0 cm × 5.0 cm in newborns and infants less than 6 months of age. To our knowledge, this is the largest IH group treated with imiquimod that has been reported in the literature to date.
文摘In the present study,we aimed to formulate,optimize and characterize nanoemulsion-based gel of imiquimod for its topical administration and to improve the drug permeation.Nanoemulsions were prepared by the aqueous phase titration method and spontaneously formed by mixing specific fractions of oil phase:Smix:water.The nanoemulsion formulations were optimized by response surface methodology(RSM) using mixture design,Scheffe model.The formulated nanoemulsion was incorporated into 0.5% Carbopol 934(w/v) to enhance convenience in superficial application of the drug.The nanoemulsions were characterized in terms of droplet size,zeta potential,TEM,DSC and in vitro drug permeation.The vesicle size was 113.6 nm with polydispersity index of 0.251.The zeta potential was 34 m V.The spherical droplet shape was confirmed by TEM analysis.The drug permeation from the diffusion membrane was 73.67% in 6 h for the optimized formulation.An optimized nanoemulsion gel formulation of imiquimod was successfully developed with improved permeation using experimental design technique.The developed formulation could be further explored as a potential alternate to currently available topical formulations for the treatment of genital warts.
基金supported by Researchers Supporting Project number(RSPD2024R734)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Objective:To evaluate anti-psoriatic activity of Coleus forskohlii in rats with imiquimod-induced psoriasis.Methods:Imiquimod was used to induce psoriasis in rats.Body weight,skin thickness,erythema,scaling,spleen weight,and histological alternations were measured to assess the effect of Coleus forskohlii.Furthermore,an emulgel formulation containing Coleus forskohlii 10%was prepared and characterized along with its ex vivo permeation studies.Results:The emulgel formulation containing Coleus forskohlii 10%had a pH of 5.40±0.36,with optimum spreadability of(31.67±2.08)g/(cm·s)and viscosity of(15966.67±1274.10)cps,and enhanced both the rate and the extent of drug permeation through psoriatic skin.In an ex vivo study,the quantity of drug permeated(19.18%),deposited(52.38%),and drug remaining in the donor compartments(28.31%)was satisfactory.Coleus forskohlii significantly alleviated imiquimod-induced psoriasis by increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity,decreasing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels,and alleviating histological alternations in rat skin.Conclusions:Coleus forskohlii can alleviate imiquimod-induced psoriasis,which may be used as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of psoriasis.
文摘Background Actinic keratosis is the most prevalent premalignant skin disorder in the white population. Current guidelines provide no clear recommendations about preferred treatments. Methods The parameters;effectiveness, treatment duration, recurrence, side effects and cost of treatment were investigated for three frequently used topical therapies which were then compared with a most recent developed topical therapy. Published clinical data obtained from the literature was used to compare these parameters for 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod and diclofenac and relate them with the newly developed Curaderm. Results A wide variation in the concentrations of the active anti-keratotic ingredients, application frequency, duration of treatment, recurrence rates and cost of treatment exist between the different topical therapies. The efficacy rates and side effects were less variable. Overall, Curaderm is the most suitable treatment for actinic keratosis. Clinical evidence is presented illustrating the effects of Curaderm on field-directed treatments and solitary treatments of actinic keratoses. Conclusions Current medical guidelines do not provide clear recommendations on which treatment approach for actinic keratosis is preferred. Direct head-to-head comparison between treatments with emphasis on efficacy, safety, treatment duration, compliance, convenience, cosmetic outcome, patient acceptance and cost should be available to the patient, the practising physician, healthcare system and should assist in therapeutic treatment guidelines and policymaking. Given the very favourable profiles of these parameters with Curaderm when compared with other home-based treatments, it should be considered that Curaderm is first-in-line.
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (grant no. shslczdzk00901)Clinical Research Project of Multi-Disciplinary Team, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
文摘Congenital melanocytic nevi(CMN) are common skin tumors. Large and specially located nevi cannot be completely removed by surgery, posing the risks of both cosmetic deformities and potential malignancy.Nonsurgical treatments, such as laser therapy and physical dermabrasion, can overcome the limitations of surgery;however, the high rate of repigmentation remains an unresolved global challenge. We conducted a self-controlled observational study of a patient with a nevus on the chest. Two areas of the lesion were treated with an Er:YAG laser and 5% imiquimod cream was applied to one of these areas. After nearly 7-months of follow-up, we observed a significant difference in color between the two areas, suggesting that topical imiquimod may inhibit repigmentation and significantly enhance the effectiveness of laser treatment.
文摘Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular proliferation of the skin and mucosae, that has been treated with different regimens with variable success and recurrence rates;however, the management of PG still remains a challenging issue, particularly in children and in adult cases with lesions localized at sites difficult to access. Imiquimod, a member of the imidazoquinoline family of immune response modifiers, is a topically applicable TLR-7/8 agonist that reveals potent antiviral, antitumor, immunoregulatory and antiangiogenic properties. In the present paper we report the case of a 9-year old boy with suborbital pyogenic granuloma, successfully treated with topical daily application of imiquimod 5% cream without occlusion. 8 weeks after onset of topical imiquimod treatment a complete resolution of the lesion without any scarring was observed. No systemic side effects were seen and the patient remained well throughout the course of therapy. He is presently completing a 15-month follow-up and has revealed no relapse. The findings of the present study suggest that topical imiquimod is a safe, effective and well-tolerated treatment for PG in children, even at difficult to treat areas like the suborbital region.
文摘Background Imiquimod is an imidazoquinoline, which class of compounds are known to have antiviral and antitumoural properties. In recent studies, it was shown that imiquimod modulates the T helper cell type Th1/Th2 response by inducing the production of Thl cytokines like IFN-γ, and by inhibiting the Th2 cytokines like interleukin （IL）-4. Several investigators have shown that T-bet and GATA-3 are master Thl and Th2 regulatory transcription factors. This study investigated whether irniquimod treatment inhibited airway inflammation by modulating transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3. Methods Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, an asthmatic group, and an imiquimod group, which was exposed to an aerosol of 0.15% imiquimod. Twenty-four hours after the last ovalbumin （OVA） challenge, airway responsiveness was measured and changes in airway histology were observed. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The rnRNA expressions of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, T-bet and GATA-3 in lung and in CD4^＋ T cells were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The protein expressions ofT-bet and GATA-3 were measured by Western blot. Results It was demonstrated that imiquimod 1） attenuated OVA induced airway inflammation; 2） diminished the degree of airway hyperresponsiveness （AHR）; 3） decreased the Th2 type cytokines and increased Thl type cytokines mRNA and protein levels; 4） modulated the Th1/Th2 reaction by inhibiting GATA-3 production and increasing T-bet production. Conclusion Imiquimod treatment inhibits OVA induced airway inflammation by modulating key master switches GATA-3 and T-bet that result in committing T helper cells to a Thl phenotype.
文摘Imiquimod is an imidazoquinoline derivative. Some studies have shown that imiquimod modulates the Th1/Th2 response by inducing the production of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and interleukin （IL）-12. and by inhibiting Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. These data suggest that imiquimod has therapeutic appli . cations in atopic diseases such as allergic asthma that are associated with overexpression of Th2 cytokines.
