supported by the Public Welfare Industry Research Project, Ministry of Agriculture of China （201203098）;the Harbin Applied Technology Research and Development Project, China （Youth Reserve Talents Class A： 2015RAQ...supported by the Public Welfare Industry Research Project, Ministry of Agriculture of China （201203098）;the Harbin Applied Technology Research and Development Project, China （Youth Reserve Talents Class A： 2015RAQYJ009）展开更多
The photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(P/TGMS)system is crucial for hybrid rice production,but challenges persist in seed purity(due to fertility conversion and mixed male seeds)and mechanization.Here,w...The photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(P/TGMS)system is crucial for hybrid rice production,but challenges persist in seed purity(due to fertility conversion and mixed male seeds)and mechanization.Here,we developed a novel hybrid seed production scheme using herbicide-resistance alleles(OsALS and CYP81A6).P/TGMS lines were bred for imazamox sensitivity and bentazon resistance,while male parents were engineered for the opposite traits.This system enables mechanical harvesting and ensures hybrid purity by eliminating self-pollinated contaminants through herbicide application.We identified suitable sterile lines and developed complementary male parents via breeding and CRISPR/Cas9 editing,validated through herbicide assays.This strategy enhances hybrid seed purity and mechanization efficiency in two-line hybrid rice production.展开更多
选取了ALS位点突变和未突变的不同水稻品种(系),筛选出对甲氧咪草烟具有抗性差异的水稻品种(系)及其相应的作用浓度,并进一步以缬氨酸(Val)、亮氨酸(Leu)和异亮氨酸(Ile)这3种支链氨基酸复配作为安全剂,在此基础上复配了对植物生长和抗...选取了ALS位点突变和未突变的不同水稻品种(系),筛选出对甲氧咪草烟具有抗性差异的水稻品种(系)及其相应的作用浓度,并进一步以缬氨酸(Val)、亮氨酸(Leu)和异亮氨酸(Ile)这3种支链氨基酸复配作为安全剂,在此基础上复配了对植物生长和抗性有广谱效果的碧护和芸苔素内酯,分析了甲氧咪草烟对水稻造成的药害及防护剂的修复效果,以及支链氨基酸安全剂对不同水稻材料经甲氧咪草烟处理后的生长发育、ALS酶活性、内源抗氧化酶和解毒酶活性的变化。结果表明:敏感品种南粳9108耐受甲氧咪草烟浓度不超过28.8 g a.i./hm^(2),具有ALS突变位点的抗性水稻品种(金粳818、73119、K37)均对浓度不超过144.0g a.i./hm^(2)的甲氧咪草烟具有抗性;3种支链氨基酸安全剂组分和配比均对植株鲜重具有显著的缓解作用,其中以Leu∶Ile∶Val=3∶1∶1的缓解效果最好,即联合喷施1125 g/hm^(2)支链氨基酸(675 g/hm^(2)L-Leu∶225 g/hm^(2)L-Ile∶225 g/hm^(2)L-Val=3∶1∶1)可以显著地缓解100.0 g a.i./hm^(2)甲氧咪草烟对K37的生长抑制作用;与常用安全剂碧护或芸苔素内酯复配的安全剂相比,复配支链氨基酸安全剂的效果更好,5叶期比4叶期喷施的解毒效果则更好,不影响除杀杂草稻的效果。复配的支链氨基酸安全剂对缓解水稻甲氧咪草烟的药害机制并不是提高了靶标ALS酶活性,而是它可以诱导水稻内源解毒关键酶和抗氧化酶活性的增加。因此,通过混用或药害产生后在水稻5叶期追施上述复配的支链氨基酸安全剂,能够有效缓解甲氧咪草烟对不同抗性类型水稻的药害,使其恢复正常或接近正常的生长水平,且不影响对杂草稻的毒杀。展开更多
Sponge plant is an emerging threat that has spread throughout California including the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which is an important water resource for agriculture as well as critical habitat for a variety of th...Sponge plant is an emerging threat that has spread throughout California including the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which is an important water resource for agriculture as well as critical habitat for a variety of threatened and endangered species. More data are needed on effective control methods for this spreading invader, as current management practices are not preventing proliferation. The overall objectives of this research were to evaluate imazamox, penoxsulam, topramezone, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, and carfentrazone-ethyl for control of sponge plant using three testing scales, as well as compare image analysis software to traditional biomass response for measuring herbicide performance. Overall, 280 g imazamox ha−1 (with one-percent methylated seed oil surfactant) was found as a potent solution for all different growth stages of sponge plant, and 70 g penoxsulam ha−1 as an alternative for control of sponge plant in the seedling and rosette growth stage. The image analysis software yielded similar measurement of herbicide effects as traditional biomass measure. Mesocosm testing indicated imazamox treatment sites should be inspected at four week intervals to identify plants missed by prior applications. This research provides water resource managers critical information for identification of an aquatic invasive species, and selecting an effective rapid management program.展开更多
[目的]明确甲氧咪草烟对耐咪唑啉酮类除草剂水稻金粳818的后茬作物生长的影响。[方法]采用室内模拟大田的方法评价甲氧咪草烟的土壤残留对水稻后茬作物大麦、小麦、油菜及小青菜的萌发率、株鲜质量及株高影响,通过大田药效试验测定其残...[目的]明确甲氧咪草烟对耐咪唑啉酮类除草剂水稻金粳818的后茬作物生长的影响。[方法]采用室内模拟大田的方法评价甲氧咪草烟的土壤残留对水稻后茬作物大麦、小麦、油菜及小青菜的萌发率、株鲜质量及株高影响,通过大田药效试验测定其残留对小麦的安全性。[结果]当甲氧咪草烟剂量为50 g a.i./hm^(2),药后0 d土壤种植的油菜萌发率显著降低,当甲氧咪草烟剂量为100 g a.i./hm^(2),药后0 d土壤种植的小麦、油菜及小青菜的萌发率显著降低,但在药后30 d均恢复至对照水平。当甲氧咪草烟剂量为50 g a.i./hm^(2),大麦、小麦和油菜的株鲜质量分别于药后210、120、240 d恢复至对照水平,当甲氧咪草烟剂量为100 g a.i./hm^(2),大麦和小麦的株鲜质量分别于药后240 d和150 d恢复至对照水平。当甲氧咪草烟剂量为50 g a.i./hm^(2),大麦、小麦和油菜的株高均在药后90 d恢复至对照水平,当甲氧咪草烟剂量为100 g a.i./hm^(2),大麦、小麦和油菜的株高分别于药后210、150、240 d恢复至对照水平。大田药效试验验证了甲氧咪草烟土壤残留对小麦无显著性抑制作用。[结论]根据供试作物的萌发率、株鲜质量及株高受甲氧咪草烟土壤残留的抑制情况,综合考虑种植的安全间隔期及轮作制度的时间安排,在以甲氧咪草烟为除草剂的耐咪唑啉酮类除草剂水稻的后茬作物选择上,建议播种小麦。展开更多
建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时检测黄豆中丙硫菌唑及甲氧咪草烟的方法。黄豆样品经乙腈提取,用氯化钠盐析,提取液过Envi-Carb/DSC-SAX柱净化,净化液用2 m L甲醇定容,采用LC-MS/MS测定。采用乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱...建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时检测黄豆中丙硫菌唑及甲氧咪草烟的方法。黄豆样品经乙腈提取,用氯化钠盐析,提取液过Envi-Carb/DSC-SAX柱净化,净化液用2 m L甲醇定容,采用LC-MS/MS测定。采用乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾-多反应监测离子模式下进行定性与定量分析。丙硫菌唑和甲氧咪草烟在添加量为0.2 mg/kg和0.4 mg/kg的添加浓度时回收率为83.1%~93.1%,相对标准偏差小于6.0%,方法定量限分别为0.1 mg/kg、1.0 mg/kg。展开更多
基金supported by the Public Welfare Industry Research Project, Ministry of Agriculture of China (201203098)the Harbin Applied Technology Research and Development Project, China (Youth Reserve Talents Class A: 2015RAQYJ009)
文摘supported by the Public Welfare Industry Research Project, Ministry of Agriculture of China （201203098）;the Harbin Applied Technology Research and Development Project, China （Youth Reserve Talents Class A： 2015RAQYJ009）
基金supported by the Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory,China(Grant No.ZSBBL-KY2023-07)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(Grant No.CX(22)3138)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32101736,32002124)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.BE2021360-2).
文摘The photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(P/TGMS)system is crucial for hybrid rice production,but challenges persist in seed purity(due to fertility conversion and mixed male seeds)and mechanization.Here,we developed a novel hybrid seed production scheme using herbicide-resistance alleles(OsALS and CYP81A6).P/TGMS lines were bred for imazamox sensitivity and bentazon resistance,while male parents were engineered for the opposite traits.This system enables mechanical harvesting and ensures hybrid purity by eliminating self-pollinated contaminants through herbicide application.We identified suitable sterile lines and developed complementary male parents via breeding and CRISPR/Cas9 editing,validated through herbicide assays.This strategy enhances hybrid seed purity and mechanization efficiency in two-line hybrid rice production.
文摘选取了ALS位点突变和未突变的不同水稻品种(系),筛选出对甲氧咪草烟具有抗性差异的水稻品种(系)及其相应的作用浓度,并进一步以缬氨酸(Val)、亮氨酸(Leu)和异亮氨酸(Ile)这3种支链氨基酸复配作为安全剂,在此基础上复配了对植物生长和抗性有广谱效果的碧护和芸苔素内酯,分析了甲氧咪草烟对水稻造成的药害及防护剂的修复效果,以及支链氨基酸安全剂对不同水稻材料经甲氧咪草烟处理后的生长发育、ALS酶活性、内源抗氧化酶和解毒酶活性的变化。结果表明:敏感品种南粳9108耐受甲氧咪草烟浓度不超过28.8 g a.i./hm^(2),具有ALS突变位点的抗性水稻品种(金粳818、73119、K37)均对浓度不超过144.0g a.i./hm^(2)的甲氧咪草烟具有抗性;3种支链氨基酸安全剂组分和配比均对植株鲜重具有显著的缓解作用,其中以Leu∶Ile∶Val=3∶1∶1的缓解效果最好,即联合喷施1125 g/hm^(2)支链氨基酸(675 g/hm^(2)L-Leu∶225 g/hm^(2)L-Ile∶225 g/hm^(2)L-Val=3∶1∶1)可以显著地缓解100.0 g a.i./hm^(2)甲氧咪草烟对K37的生长抑制作用;与常用安全剂碧护或芸苔素内酯复配的安全剂相比,复配支链氨基酸安全剂的效果更好,5叶期比4叶期喷施的解毒效果则更好,不影响除杀杂草稻的效果。复配的支链氨基酸安全剂对缓解水稻甲氧咪草烟的药害机制并不是提高了靶标ALS酶活性,而是它可以诱导水稻内源解毒关键酶和抗氧化酶活性的增加。因此,通过混用或药害产生后在水稻5叶期追施上述复配的支链氨基酸安全剂,能够有效缓解甲氧咪草烟对不同抗性类型水稻的药害,使其恢复正常或接近正常的生长水平,且不影响对杂草稻的毒杀。
文摘Sponge plant is an emerging threat that has spread throughout California including the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which is an important water resource for agriculture as well as critical habitat for a variety of threatened and endangered species. More data are needed on effective control methods for this spreading invader, as current management practices are not preventing proliferation. The overall objectives of this research were to evaluate imazamox, penoxsulam, topramezone, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, and carfentrazone-ethyl for control of sponge plant using three testing scales, as well as compare image analysis software to traditional biomass response for measuring herbicide performance. Overall, 280 g imazamox ha−1 (with one-percent methylated seed oil surfactant) was found as a potent solution for all different growth stages of sponge plant, and 70 g penoxsulam ha−1 as an alternative for control of sponge plant in the seedling and rosette growth stage. The image analysis software yielded similar measurement of herbicide effects as traditional biomass measure. Mesocosm testing indicated imazamox treatment sites should be inspected at four week intervals to identify plants missed by prior applications. This research provides water resource managers critical information for identification of an aquatic invasive species, and selecting an effective rapid management program.
文摘[目的]明确甲氧咪草烟对耐咪唑啉酮类除草剂水稻金粳818的后茬作物生长的影响。[方法]采用室内模拟大田的方法评价甲氧咪草烟的土壤残留对水稻后茬作物大麦、小麦、油菜及小青菜的萌发率、株鲜质量及株高影响,通过大田药效试验测定其残留对小麦的安全性。[结果]当甲氧咪草烟剂量为50 g a.i./hm^(2),药后0 d土壤种植的油菜萌发率显著降低,当甲氧咪草烟剂量为100 g a.i./hm^(2),药后0 d土壤种植的小麦、油菜及小青菜的萌发率显著降低,但在药后30 d均恢复至对照水平。当甲氧咪草烟剂量为50 g a.i./hm^(2),大麦、小麦和油菜的株鲜质量分别于药后210、120、240 d恢复至对照水平,当甲氧咪草烟剂量为100 g a.i./hm^(2),大麦和小麦的株鲜质量分别于药后240 d和150 d恢复至对照水平。当甲氧咪草烟剂量为50 g a.i./hm^(2),大麦、小麦和油菜的株高均在药后90 d恢复至对照水平,当甲氧咪草烟剂量为100 g a.i./hm^(2),大麦、小麦和油菜的株高分别于药后210、150、240 d恢复至对照水平。大田药效试验验证了甲氧咪草烟土壤残留对小麦无显著性抑制作用。[结论]根据供试作物的萌发率、株鲜质量及株高受甲氧咪草烟土壤残留的抑制情况,综合考虑种植的安全间隔期及轮作制度的时间安排,在以甲氧咪草烟为除草剂的耐咪唑啉酮类除草剂水稻的后茬作物选择上,建议播种小麦。
