Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy（AOSLO） has been a promising technique in funds imaging with growing popularity. This review firstly gives a brief history of adaptive optics（AO） and AO-SLO. Then it co...Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy（AOSLO） has been a promising technique in funds imaging with growing popularity. This review firstly gives a brief history of adaptive optics（AO） and AO-SLO. Then it compares AO-SLO with conventional imaging methods（fundus fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography） and other AO techniques（adaptive optics flood-illumination ophthalmoscopy and adaptive optics optical coherence tomography）. Furthermore, an update of current research situation in AO-SLO is made based on different fundus structures as photoreceptors（cones and rods）, fundus vessels, retinal pigment epithelium layer, retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and lamina cribrosa. Finally, this review indicates possible research directions of AO-SLO in future.展开更多
An adaptive optics （AO） system based on a stochastic parallel gradient descent （SPGD） algorithm is proposed to reduce the speckle noises in the optical system of a stellar coronagraph in order to further improve t...An adaptive optics （AO） system based on a stochastic parallel gradient descent （SPGD） algorithm is proposed to reduce the speckle noises in the optical system of a stellar coronagraph in order to further improve the contrast. The principle of the SPGD algorithm is described briefly and a metric suitable for point source imaging optimization is given. The feasibility and good performance of the SPGD algorithm is demonstrated by an experimental system featured with a 140-actuator deformable mirror and a Hartrnann-Shark wavefront sensor. Then the SPGD based AO is applied to a liquid crystal array （LCA） based coronagraph to improve the contrast. The LCA can modulate the incoming light to generate a pupil apodization mask of any pattern. A circular stepped pattern is used in our preliminary experiment and the image contrast shows improvement from 10^-3 to 10^-4.5 at an angular distance of 2A/D after being corrected by SPGD based AO.展开更多
Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy(FPM)is a high-throughput computational optical imaging technology reported in 2013.It effectively breaks through the trade-off between high-resolution imaging and wide-field imaging.In...Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy(FPM)is a high-throughput computational optical imaging technology reported in 2013.It effectively breaks through the trade-off between high-resolution imaging and wide-field imaging.In recent years,it has been found that FPM is not only a tool to break through the trade-off between field of view and spatial resolution,but also a paradigm to break through those trade-off problems,thus attracting extensive attention.Compared with previous reviews,this review does not introduce its concept,basic principles,optical system and series of applications once again,but focuses on elaborating the three major difficulties faced by FPM technology in the process from“looking good”in the laboratory to“working well”in practical applications:mismatch between numerical model and physical reality,long reconstruction time and high computing power demand,and lack of multi-modal expansion.It introduces how to achieve key technological innovations in FPM through the dual drive of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and physics,including intelligent reconstruction algorithms introducing machine learning concepts,optical-algorithm co-design,fusion of frequency domain extrapolation methods and generative adversarial networks,multi-modal imaging schemes and data fusion enhancement,etc.,gradually solving the difficulties of FPM technology.Conversely,this review deeply considers the unique value of FPM technology in potentially feeding back to the development of“AI+optics”,such as providing AI benchmark tests under physical constraints,inspirations for the balance of computing power and bandwidth in miniaturized intelligent microscopes,and photoelectric hybrid architectures.Finally,it introduces the industrialization path and frontier directions of FPM technology,pointing out that with the promotion of the dual drive of AI and physics,it will generate a large number of industrial application case,and looks forward to the possibilities of future application scenarios and expansions,for instance,body fluid biopsy and point-of-care testing at the grassroots level represent the expansion of the growth market.展开更多
Ultrafast phenomena induced by femtosecond laser irradiation encompass a range of highly dynamic physical processes,including but not limited to electron excitation,material ablation,plasma generation,and shock wave p...Ultrafast phenomena induced by femtosecond laser irradiation encompass a range of highly dynamic physical processes,including but not limited to electron excitation,material ablation,plasma generation,and shock wave propagation.Unveiling the dynamics of these ultrafast processes is crucial for effectively controlling laser processing.However,many of these phenomena occur on timescales ranging from femtoseconds(fs) to nanoseconds(ns),which presents significant challenges in monitoring and interpretation;thus,ultrafast optical imaging techniques are often required.This paper comprehensively reviews the ultrafast optical imaging methods employed in recent years to monitor various ultrafast processes such as electron excitation,ultrafast ablation,plasma ejection,and shock wave propagation during femtosecond laser processing of metallic,composite,and ceramic materials.These methods can be categorized into two primary types:pump-probe ultrafast optical imaging and single-shot ultrafast optical imaging techniques.The working principles and key findings associated with each type of ultrafast optical imaging technique are described in detail.Finally,the imaging principles,advantages and disadvantages,and application scenarios of various ultrafast imaging technologies are summarized,along with a discussion of future challenges and development directions in this field.展开更多
Fluorescent probes have revolutionized optical imaging and biosensing by enabling real-time visualization, quantification, and tracking of biological processes at molecular and cellular levels. These probes, ranging f...Fluorescent probes have revolutionized optical imaging and biosensing by enabling real-time visualization, quantification, and tracking of biological processes at molecular and cellular levels. These probes, ranging from organic dyes to genetically encoded proteins and nanomaterials, provide unparalleled specificity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capabilities. However, challenges such as brightness, photobleaching, biocompatibility, and emission range continue to drive innovation in probe design and application. This special issue, comprising four review papers and seven original research studies, highlights cutting-edge advancements in fluorescent probe technologies and their transformative roles in super-resolution imaging, in vivo diagnostics, and cancer therapeutics.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT...AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 74 patients with SLE and 40 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.SLE patients were further divided into three subgroups based on clinical and blood biochemistry findings.Ocular parameters obtained on ophthalmologic examination and optical imaging(EDI SD-OCT and OCTA)included the best corrected distance visual acuity(logMAR CDVA),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and vessel density(VD)of superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP).RESULTS:SLE patients had significantly lower values for CVI and VD of DCP(DVD)than control subjects.Amongst SLE patients,gender and chloroquine dose were found to be independent determinants of CVI while age predicted SCT.Steroid dose was a significant predictor for foveal VD of SCP(SVD),chloroquine dose for parafoveal SVD,gender for total DVD,and gender and steroid dose for perifoveal DVD.No correlation of logMAR CDVA and SCT was noted between SLE patients and control subjects.No correlation of SCT was noted with disease duration,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)dose or steroid dose.No correlation of CVI was noted with patient age,disease duration,SLEDAI score,HCQ dose or steroid dose.No significant difference was noted between SLE subgroups in terms of any of the ocular parameters studied.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal the presence of ocular findings suggestive of early onset choroidopathy on EDI SD-OCT and OCTA in SLE patients,in the absence of ocular manifestations or active disease.展开更多
Two new types of lentiviral vectors expressing a reporter transgene encoding either firefly luciferase （fLuc） for bioluminescence imaging or the HSV1 thymidine kinase （HSV1-TK） for radiopharmaceutical-based imagin...Two new types of lentiviral vectors expressing a reporter transgene encoding either firefly luciferase （fLuc） for bioluminescence imaging or the HSV1 thymidine kinase （HSV1-TK） for radiopharmaceutical-based imaging were constructed to monitor human embryonic stem cell （hESC） engraftment and proliferation in live mice after trans- plantation. The constitutive expression of either transgene did not alter the properties of hESCs in the culture. We next monitored the formation of teratomas in SCID mice to test （1） whether the gene-modified hESCs maintain their developmental pluripotency, and （2） whether sustained reporter gene expression allows noninvasive, whole-body imaging of hESC derivatives in a live mouse model. We observed teratoma formation from both types of gene-modified cells as well as wild-type hESCs 2-4 months after inoculation. Using an optical imaging system, bioluminescence from the fLuc-transduced hESCs was easily detected in mice bearing teratomas long before palpable tumors could be detected. To develop a noninvasive imaging method more readily translatable to the clinic, we also utilized HSV1-TK and its specific substrate, 1-（2＇-deoxy-2＇-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl）-5-[^125I]iodouracil（[^125I]FIAU）, as a reporter/ probe pair. After systemic administration, [^125I]FIAU is phosphorylated only by the transgene-encoded HSV1-TK enzyme and retained within transduced （and transplanted） cells, allowing sensitive and quantitative imaging by single-photon emission computed tomography. Noninvasive imaging methods such as these may enable us to monitor the presence and distribution of transplanted human stem cells repetitively within live recipients over a long term through the expression of a reporter gene.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the molecular or cellular mechanisms related to the infection of epithelial colonic mucosa by pks-positive Escherichia coli(E. coli) using optical imaging.METHODS: We choose to evaluate the tumor m...AIM: To investigate the molecular or cellular mechanisms related to the infection of epithelial colonic mucosa by pks-positive Escherichia coli(E. coli) using optical imaging.METHODS: We choose to evaluate the tumor metabolic activity using a fluorodeoxyglucose analogue as 2-deoxyglucosone fluorescent probes and to correlate it with tumoral volume(mm^3). Inflammation measuring myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity and reactive oxygen species production was monitored by a bioluminescent(BLI) inflammation probe and related to histological examination and MPO levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) on tumor specimens. The detection and quantitation of these two signals were validated on a xenograft model of human colon adenocarcinoma epithelial cells(HCT116) in nude mice infected with a pks-positive E. coli. The inflammatory BLI signal was validated intra-digestively in the colitisCEABAC10 DSS models, which mimicked Crohn's disease. RESULTS: Using a 2-deoxyglucosone fluorescent probe, we observed a high and specific HCT116 tumor uptake in correlation with tumoral volume(P = 0.0036). Using the inflammation probe targeting MPO, we detected a rapid systemic elimination and a significant increase of the BLI signal in the pks-positive E. coli-infected HCT116 xenograft group(P < 0.005). ELISA confirmed that MPO levels were significantly higher(1556 ± 313.6 vs 234.6 ± 121.6 ng/m L P = 0.001) in xenografts infected with the pathogenic E. coli strain. Moreover, histological examination of tumor samples confirmed massive infiltration of pks-positive E. coli-infected HCT116 tumors by inflammatory cells compared to the uninfected group. These data showed that infection with the pathogenic E. coli strain enhanced inflammation and ROS production in tumors before tumor growth. Moreover, we demonstrated that the intra-digestive monitoring of inflammation is feasible in a reference colitis murine model(CEABAC10/DSS).CONCLUSION: Using BLI and fluorescence optical imaging, we provided tools to better understand hostpathogen interactions at the early stage of disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.展开更多
The degree of coherence(DOC)function that characterizes the second-order correlations at any two points in a light field is shown to provide a new degree of freedom for carrying information.As a rule,the DOC varies al...The degree of coherence(DOC)function that characterizes the second-order correlations at any two points in a light field is shown to provide a new degree of freedom for carrying information.As a rule,the DOC varies along the beam propagation path,preventing from the efficient information recovery.In this paper,we report that when a partially coher-ent beam carrying a cross phase propagates in free space,in a paraxial optical system or in a turbulent medium,the modulus of the far-field(focal plane)DOC acquires the same value as it has in the source plane.This unique propaga-tion feature is employed in a novel protocol for far-field imaging via the DOC,applicable to transmission in both free-space and turbulence.The advantages of the proposed approach are the confidentiality and resistance to turbulence,as well as the weaker requirement for the beam alignment accuracy.We demonstrate the feasibility and the robustness of the far-field imaging via the DOC in the turbulent media through both the experiment and the numerical simulations.Our findings have potential applications in optical imaging and remote sensing in natural environments,in the presence of op-tical turbulence.展开更多
Mesoporous GdPO4:Eu@SiO2@mSiO2 core-shell nanorods(NRs) were prepared by a facile two-step method.First,the monodispersed GdPO4:Eu NRs were obtained on a large scale via a facile precipitation method,then mesoporous s...Mesoporous GdPO4:Eu@SiO2@mSiO2 core-shell nanorods(NRs) were prepared by a facile two-step method.First,the monodispersed GdPO4:Eu NRs were obtained on a large scale via a facile precipitation method,then mesoporous silica was wrapped onto their surface through hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS).The XRD result indicates that the as-prepared GdPO4:Eu NRs core has hexagonal phase.The FTIR and the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm analysis confirm the successful coating of mesoporous silica.The TEM images show that the obtained GdPO4:Eu@SiO2@mSiO2 NRs exhibit uniform monodisperse core-shell structure with a nanorod core(length of 200 nm;width of 20 nm),and mesoporous silica shell of 15 nm.Under excitation of 274 nm,GdPO4:Eu@SiO2@mSiO2 NRs show strong red luminescence from 5 D0→7 FJ(J=1,2,3 and 4) transitions of Eu3+.Furthermore,the GdPO4:Eu@-SiO2@mSiO2 NRs exhibit obvious T1 enhancement effect due to paramagnetism of Gd3+.The drug loading capacity and pH-sensitive releasing behavior of the as-prepared GdPO4:Eu@SiO2@mSiO2 NRs were studied by using doxorubicin(DOX) as model drug.The excellent biocompatibility of GdPO4:Eu@-SiO2@mSiO2 NRs was demonstrated by MTT assay.Taken together,the mesoporous GdPO4:Eu@-SiO2@mSiO2 NRs may be potentially applied in fields of drug delivery and dual-modal imaging.展开更多
Silica nanoparticles have been one of the most promising nanosystems for biomedical applications due to their facile surface chemistry and non-toxic nature. However, it is still challenging to effectively deliver them...Silica nanoparticles have been one of the most promising nanosystems for biomedical applications due to their facile surface chemistry and non-toxic nature. However, it is still challenging to effectively deliver them into tumor sites and noninvasively visualize their in vivo biodistribution with excellent sensitivity and accuracy for effective cancer diagnosis. In this study, we design a yolk/shell-structured silica nanosystem ^(64) Cu-NOTAQD@HMSN-PEG-TRC105, which can be employed for tumor vasculature targeting and dual-modality PET/optical imaging, leading to superior targeting specificity, excellentimaging capability and more reliable diagnostic outcomes.By combining vasculature targeting, pH-sensitive drug delivery, and dual-modality imaging into a single platform,as-designed yolk/shell-structured silica nanosystems may be employed for the future image-guided tumor-targeted drug delivery, to further enable cancer theranostics.展开更多
Objective： The combination of both nuclear and fluorescent reporters provides unique opportunities for noninvasive nuclear imaging with subsequent fluorescence image-guided resection and pathology. Our objective was ...Objective： The combination of both nuclear and fluorescent reporters provides unique opportunities for noninvasive nuclear imaging with subsequent fluorescence image-guided resection and pathology. Our objective was to synthesize and optimize a dual-labeled trastuzumab-based imaging agent that can be used to validate an optical imaging agent with potential use in identifying tumor metastases in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER2） positive breast cancer patients. Methods： [111In]-DTPA-trastuzumab-IRDye 800 was synthesized by a three-step procedure. Purity, stability, immunoreactivity, internalization and biodistribution were explored in HER2＋ SKBR-3 cells. Biodistribution of [111In]-DTPA-trastuzumab-IRDye 800 was performed in a SKBR-3 xenograft model. Results： [111In]-DTPA-trastuzumab-IRDye 800 demonstrated high purity by both chemical and fluorometric determinations. Both flow cytometry and the Lindmo assay demonstrated a high binding affinity of [111In]-DTPA-trastuzumab-IRDye 800 to HER2-overexpressing cells. The dual-labeled conjugate was stable in PBS, but not in serum after 24 h at 37 ℃. Larger molecules （〉150 kD） were seen after a 24 h-incubation in human serum. Biodistribution studies revealed tumor-specific accumulation of [111In]-DTPA- trastuzumab-IRDye 800 in SKBR-3 tumors, and tumor uptakes at 24 and 48 h were （12.42±1.72）% and （9.96±1.05） %, respectively, following intravenous administration. The tumor-to-muscle ratio was 9.13±1.68 at 24 h, and increased to 12.79±2.13 at 48 h. Liver and kidney showed marked uptake of the dual-labeled imaging agent. Conclusions： [111In]-DTPA-trastuzumab-IRDye 800 is an effective diagnostic biomarker that can be used to validate dual-labeled, molecularly targeted imaging agents and can allow these agents to be translated into clinical practice for identifying HER2＋ lesions.展开更多
AIM：To assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）and choroidal thickness obtained with enhanced depth imaging（EDI）mode compared with those obtained without EDI mode using Heidelberg Spectralis optical c...AIM：To assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）and choroidal thickness obtained with enhanced depth imaging（EDI）mode compared with those obtained without EDI mode using Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography（OCT）.METHODS：Fifty eyes of 25 normal healthy subjects and32 eyes of 20 patients with different eye diseases were included in the study.All subjects underwent 3.4 mm diameter peripapillary circular OCT scan centered on the optic disc using both the conventional and the EDI OCT protocols.The visualization of RNFL and choroidoscleral junction was assessed using an ordinal scoring scale.The paired t-test,intraclass correlation coefficient（ICC）,95%limits of agreement（LoA）,and Bland and Altman plots were used to test the agreement of measurements.RESULTS：The visibility score of RNFL obtained with and without EDI was of no significant difference（P=0.532）,the visualization of choroidoscleral junction was better using EDI protocol than conventional protocol（P〈0.001）.Peripapillary RNFL thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thicker than that obtained without EDI（103.25±9.42μm vs 101.87±8.78μm,P=0.010）.The ICC of the two protocols was excellent with the value of 0.867 to 0.924,the 95%LoA of global RNFL thickness was between-10.0 to 7.4μm.Peripapillary choroidal thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thinner than that obtained without EDI（147.23±51.04μm vs 150.90±51.84μm,P〈0.001）.The ICC was also excellent with the value of 0.960 to 0.987,the 95%LoA of global choroidal thickness was between-12.5 to 19.8μm.CONCLUSION：Peripapillary circular OCT scan with or without EDI mode shows comparable results in the measurement of peripapillary RNFL and choroidal thickness.展开更多
Subcutaneous vein network plays important roles to maintain microcirculation that is related to some diagnostic aspects.Despite developments of optical imaging technologies,still the difficulties about deep skin vascu...Subcutaneous vein network plays important roles to maintain microcirculation that is related to some diagnostic aspects.Despite developments of optical imaging technologies,still the difficulties about deep skin vascular imaging have been continued.On the other hand,since hemoglobin con-centration of human blood has key role in the veins imaging by optical manner,the used wavelength in vascular imaging,must be chosen considering absorption of hemoglobin.In this research,we constructed a near infrared(NIR)light source because of lower absorption of hemoglobin in this optical region.To obtain vascular image,reflectance geometry was used.Next,from recorded images,vascular network analysis,such as calculation of width of vascular of interest and complexity of selected region were implemented.By comparing with other modalities,we observed that proposed imaging system has great advantages including nonionized radiation,moderate penetration depth of 0.5-3 mm and diameter of 1 mm,cost-effective and algorit hmic simplicity for analysis.展开更多
The mammalian brain is a highly complex network that consists of millions to billions of densely-interconnected neurons.Precise dissection of neural circuits at the mesoscopic level can provide important structural in...The mammalian brain is a highly complex network that consists of millions to billions of densely-interconnected neurons.Precise dissection of neural circuits at the mesoscopic level can provide important structural information for understanding the brain.Optical approaches can achieve submicron lateral resolution and achieve“optical sectioning”by a variety of means,which has the natural advantage of allowing the observation of neural circuits at the mesoscopic level.Automated whole-brain optical imaging methods based on tissue clearing or histological sectioning surpass the limitation of optical imaging depth in biological tissues and can provide delicate structural information in a large volume of tissues.Combined with various fluorescent labeling techniques,whole-brain optical imaging methods have shown great potential in the brain-wide quantitative profiling of cells,circuits,and blood vessels.In this review,we summarize the principles and implementations of various whole-brain optical imaging methods and provide some concepts regarding their future development.展开更多
A fully convolutional encoder-decoder network(FCEDN),a deep learning model,was developed and applied to image scanning microscopy(ISM).Super-resolution imaging was achieved with a 78μm×78μm field of view and 12...A fully convolutional encoder-decoder network(FCEDN),a deep learning model,was developed and applied to image scanning microscopy(ISM).Super-resolution imaging was achieved with a 78μm×78μm field of view and 12.5 Hz-40 Hz imaging frequency.Mono and dual-color continuous super-resolution images of microtubules and cargo in cells were obtained by ISM.The signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained images was improved from 3.94 to 22.81 and the positioning accuracy of cargoes was enhanced by FCEDN from 15.83±2.79 nm to 2.83±0.83 nm.As a general image enhancement method,FCEDN can be applied to various types of microscopy systems.Application with conventional spinning disk confocal microscopy was demonstrated and significantly improved images were obtained.展开更多
In liver tumor surgery,the recognition of tumor margin and radical resection of microcancer focis have always been the crucial points to reduce postoperative recurrence of tumor.However,naked-eye inspection and palpat...In liver tumor surgery,the recognition of tumor margin and radical resection of microcancer focis have always been the crucial points to reduce postoperative recurrence of tumor.However,naked-eye inspection and palpation have limited effectiveness in identifying tumor boundaries,and traditional imaging techniques cannot consistently locate tumors in real time.As an intraoperative real-time navigation imaging method,NIRfluorescence imaging has been extensively studied for its simplicity,reliable safety,and superior sensitivity,and is expected to improve the accuracy of liver tumor surgery.In recent years,the research focus of NIRfluorescence has gradually shifted from the-rst near-infrared window(NIR-I,700–900 nm)to the second near-infrared window(NIR-II,1000–1700 nm).Fluorescence imaging in NIR-II reduces the scattering effect of deep tissue,providing a preferable detection depth and spatial resolution while signi-cantly eliminating liver autofluorescence background to clarify tumor margin.Developingfluorophores combined with tumor antibodies will further improve the precision offluorescence-guided surgical navigation.With the development of a bunch offluorophores with phototherapy ability,NIR-II can integrate tumor detection and treatment to explore a new therapeutic strategy for liver cancer.Here,we review the recent progress of NIR-IIfluorescence technology in liver tumor surgery and discuss its challenges and potential development direction.展开更多
Fluorescence molecular imaging enables the visualization of basic molecular processes such as gene expression,enzyme activity,and disease-specific molecular interactions in vivo using targeted contrast agents,and ther...Fluorescence molecular imaging enables the visualization of basic molecular processes such as gene expression,enzyme activity,and disease-specific molecular interactions in vivo using targeted contrast agents,and therefore,is being developed for early detection and in situ characterization of breast cancers.Recent advances in developing near-infrared fluorescent imaging contrast agents have enabled the specific labeling of human breast cancer cells in mouse model systems.In synergy with contrast agent development,this paper describes a needle-based fluorescence molecular imaging device that has the strong potential to be translated into clinical breast biopsy procedures.This microendoscopy probe is based on a gradient-index(GRIN)lens interfaced with a laser scanning microscope.Specifications of the imaging performance,including the field-of-view,transverse resolution,and focus tracking characteristics were calibrated.Orthotopic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts stably expressing the tdTomato red fluorescent protein(RFP)were used to detect the tumor cells in this tumor model as a proof of principle study.With further development,this technology,in conjunction with the development of clinically applicable,injectable fluorescent molecular imaging agents,promises to perform fluorescence molecular imaging of breast cancers in vivo for breast biopsy guidance.展开更多
Ultrafine Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals were successfully prepared by a simple reverse microemulsion method and subsequent calcination. Their structural, optical and magnetic properties were investigated using scanning ele...Ultrafine Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals were successfully prepared by a simple reverse microemulsion method and subsequent calcination. Their structural, optical and magnetic properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmis-sion electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, photoluminescence （PL）, and magnetic property measurement system （MPMS）. The amorphous Gd2（CO3）3：Eu3＋colloidal spheres were proved as an intermediate product, and gradually transformed into crystallized Gd2O3：Eu3＋with average diameter less than 100 nm. The paramagnetic property of the synthesized Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals were confirmed with its linear hysteresis plot （M-H）. And Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals showed high contrast T1-enhancing modality due to the presence of the Gd3＋ ions onto the particle surface. In addition, the application of the Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals as biotag for cell labeling was reported, red fluorescence from Eu3＋ions observed by fluorescence micros-copy showed that the nanocrystals could permeate the cell membrane. Cytotoxicity studies of the Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals showed no adverse effect on cell viability, evidencing their high biological compatibility. Therefore, the nanoprobe formed from Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals provided the dual modality of optical and magnetic resonance imaging.展开更多
Recent years have seen the design and implementation of many optical activatable smart probes.These probes are activatable because they change their optical properties and are smart because they can identify specific ...Recent years have seen the design and implementation of many optical activatable smart probes.These probes are activatable because they change their optical properties and are smart because they can identify specific targets.This broad class of detection agents has allowed previously unperformed visualizations,facilitating the study of diverse biomolecules including enzymes,nucleic acids,ions and reactive oxygen species.Designed to be robust in an in vivo environment,these probes have been used in tissue culture cells and in live small animals.An emerging class of smart probes has been designed to harness the potency of singlet oxygen generating photosensitizers.Combining the discrimination of activatable agents with the toxicity of photosensitizers represents a new and powerful approach to disease treatment.This review highlights some applications of activatable smart probes with a focus on developments of the past decade.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project of China (No.2012YQ12008005)
文摘Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy（AOSLO） has been a promising technique in funds imaging with growing popularity. This review firstly gives a brief history of adaptive optics（AO） and AO-SLO. Then it compares AO-SLO with conventional imaging methods（fundus fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography） and other AO techniques（adaptive optics flood-illumination ophthalmoscopy and adaptive optics optical coherence tomography）. Furthermore, an update of current research situation in AO-SLO is made based on different fundus structures as photoreceptors（cones and rods）, fundus vessels, retinal pigment epithelium layer, retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and lamina cribrosa. Finally, this review indicates possible research directions of AO-SLO in future.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 10873024 and 11003031)supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0841440
文摘An adaptive optics （AO） system based on a stochastic parallel gradient descent （SPGD） algorithm is proposed to reduce the speckle noises in the optical system of a stellar coronagraph in order to further improve the contrast. The principle of the SPGD algorithm is described briefly and a metric suitable for point source imaging optimization is given. The feasibility and good performance of the SPGD algorithm is demonstrated by an experimental system featured with a 140-actuator deformable mirror and a Hartrnann-Shark wavefront sensor. Then the SPGD based AO is applied to a liquid crystal array （LCA） based coronagraph to improve the contrast. The LCA can modulate the incoming light to generate a pupil apodization mask of any pattern. A circular stepped pattern is used in our preliminary experiment and the image contrast shows improvement from 10^-3 to 10^-4.5 at an angular distance of 2A/D after being corrected by SPGD based AO.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12574332)the Space Optoelectronic Measurement and Perception Lab.,Beijing Institute of Control Engineering(No.LabSOMP-2023-10)Major Science and Technology Innovation Program of Xianyang City(No.L2024-ZDKJ-ZDCGZH-0021)。
文摘Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy(FPM)is a high-throughput computational optical imaging technology reported in 2013.It effectively breaks through the trade-off between high-resolution imaging and wide-field imaging.In recent years,it has been found that FPM is not only a tool to break through the trade-off between field of view and spatial resolution,but also a paradigm to break through those trade-off problems,thus attracting extensive attention.Compared with previous reviews,this review does not introduce its concept,basic principles,optical system and series of applications once again,but focuses on elaborating the three major difficulties faced by FPM technology in the process from“looking good”in the laboratory to“working well”in practical applications:mismatch between numerical model and physical reality,long reconstruction time and high computing power demand,and lack of multi-modal expansion.It introduces how to achieve key technological innovations in FPM through the dual drive of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and physics,including intelligent reconstruction algorithms introducing machine learning concepts,optical-algorithm co-design,fusion of frequency domain extrapolation methods and generative adversarial networks,multi-modal imaging schemes and data fusion enhancement,etc.,gradually solving the difficulties of FPM technology.Conversely,this review deeply considers the unique value of FPM technology in potentially feeding back to the development of“AI+optics”,such as providing AI benchmark tests under physical constraints,inspirations for the balance of computing power and bandwidth in miniaturized intelligent microscopes,and photoelectric hybrid architectures.Finally,it introduces the industrialization path and frontier directions of FPM technology,pointing out that with the promotion of the dual drive of AI and physics,it will generate a large number of industrial application case,and looks forward to the possibilities of future application scenarios and expansions,for instance,body fluid biopsy and point-of-care testing at the grassroots level represent the expansion of the growth market.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB4601601)the Key R&D Program of Guangxi Province,China(No.GKAB23026101)+1 种基金the Base,Talent Special Project of the Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project(No.Gui Ke AD23026149)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2023GXNSFBA026287)
文摘Ultrafast phenomena induced by femtosecond laser irradiation encompass a range of highly dynamic physical processes,including but not limited to electron excitation,material ablation,plasma generation,and shock wave propagation.Unveiling the dynamics of these ultrafast processes is crucial for effectively controlling laser processing.However,many of these phenomena occur on timescales ranging from femtoseconds(fs) to nanoseconds(ns),which presents significant challenges in monitoring and interpretation;thus,ultrafast optical imaging techniques are often required.This paper comprehensively reviews the ultrafast optical imaging methods employed in recent years to monitor various ultrafast processes such as electron excitation,ultrafast ablation,plasma ejection,and shock wave propagation during femtosecond laser processing of metallic,composite,and ceramic materials.These methods can be categorized into two primary types:pump-probe ultrafast optical imaging and single-shot ultrafast optical imaging techniques.The working principles and key findings associated with each type of ultrafast optical imaging technique are described in detail.Finally,the imaging principles,advantages and disadvantages,and application scenarios of various ultrafast imaging technologies are summarized,along with a discussion of future challenges and development directions in this field.
文摘Fluorescent probes have revolutionized optical imaging and biosensing by enabling real-time visualization, quantification, and tracking of biological processes at molecular and cellular levels. These probes, ranging from organic dyes to genetically encoded proteins and nanomaterials, provide unparalleled specificity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capabilities. However, challenges such as brightness, photobleaching, biocompatibility, and emission range continue to drive innovation in probe design and application. This special issue, comprising four review papers and seven original research studies, highlights cutting-edge advancements in fluorescent probe technologies and their transformative roles in super-resolution imaging, in vivo diagnostics, and cancer therapeutics.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 74 patients with SLE and 40 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.SLE patients were further divided into three subgroups based on clinical and blood biochemistry findings.Ocular parameters obtained on ophthalmologic examination and optical imaging(EDI SD-OCT and OCTA)included the best corrected distance visual acuity(logMAR CDVA),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and vessel density(VD)of superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP).RESULTS:SLE patients had significantly lower values for CVI and VD of DCP(DVD)than control subjects.Amongst SLE patients,gender and chloroquine dose were found to be independent determinants of CVI while age predicted SCT.Steroid dose was a significant predictor for foveal VD of SCP(SVD),chloroquine dose for parafoveal SVD,gender for total DVD,and gender and steroid dose for perifoveal DVD.No correlation of logMAR CDVA and SCT was noted between SLE patients and control subjects.No correlation of SCT was noted with disease duration,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)dose or steroid dose.No correlation of CVI was noted with patient age,disease duration,SLEDAI score,HCQ dose or steroid dose.No significant difference was noted between SLE subgroups in terms of any of the ocular parameters studied.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal the presence of ocular findings suggestive of early onset choroidopathy on EDI SD-OCT and OCTA in SLE patients,in the absence of ocular manifestations or active disease.
文摘Two new types of lentiviral vectors expressing a reporter transgene encoding either firefly luciferase （fLuc） for bioluminescence imaging or the HSV1 thymidine kinase （HSV1-TK） for radiopharmaceutical-based imaging were constructed to monitor human embryonic stem cell （hESC） engraftment and proliferation in live mice after trans- plantation. The constitutive expression of either transgene did not alter the properties of hESCs in the culture. We next monitored the formation of teratomas in SCID mice to test （1） whether the gene-modified hESCs maintain their developmental pluripotency, and （2） whether sustained reporter gene expression allows noninvasive, whole-body imaging of hESC derivatives in a live mouse model. We observed teratoma formation from both types of gene-modified cells as well as wild-type hESCs 2-4 months after inoculation. Using an optical imaging system, bioluminescence from the fLuc-transduced hESCs was easily detected in mice bearing teratomas long before palpable tumors could be detected. To develop a noninvasive imaging method more readily translatable to the clinic, we also utilized HSV1-TK and its specific substrate, 1-（2＇-deoxy-2＇-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl）-5-[^125I]iodouracil（[^125I]FIAU）, as a reporter/ probe pair. After systemic administration, [^125I]FIAU is phosphorylated only by the transgene-encoded HSV1-TK enzyme and retained within transduced （and transplanted） cells, allowing sensitive and quantitative imaging by single-photon emission computed tomography. Noninvasive imaging methods such as these may enable us to monitor the presence and distribution of transplanted human stem cells repetitively within live recipients over a long term through the expression of a reporter gene.
基金Supported by Veziant J was supported by«année-recherche»grants from the Ministère de la Santéand the Facultéde Médecine de Clermont-FerrandGagnière J was supported by a“Nuovo Soldati Foundation for Cancer Research”grant.
文摘AIM: To investigate the molecular or cellular mechanisms related to the infection of epithelial colonic mucosa by pks-positive Escherichia coli(E. coli) using optical imaging.METHODS: We choose to evaluate the tumor metabolic activity using a fluorodeoxyglucose analogue as 2-deoxyglucosone fluorescent probes and to correlate it with tumoral volume(mm^3). Inflammation measuring myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity and reactive oxygen species production was monitored by a bioluminescent(BLI) inflammation probe and related to histological examination and MPO levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) on tumor specimens. The detection and quantitation of these two signals were validated on a xenograft model of human colon adenocarcinoma epithelial cells(HCT116) in nude mice infected with a pks-positive E. coli. The inflammatory BLI signal was validated intra-digestively in the colitisCEABAC10 DSS models, which mimicked Crohn's disease. RESULTS: Using a 2-deoxyglucosone fluorescent probe, we observed a high and specific HCT116 tumor uptake in correlation with tumoral volume(P = 0.0036). Using the inflammation probe targeting MPO, we detected a rapid systemic elimination and a significant increase of the BLI signal in the pks-positive E. coli-infected HCT116 xenograft group(P < 0.005). ELISA confirmed that MPO levels were significantly higher(1556 ± 313.6 vs 234.6 ± 121.6 ng/m L P = 0.001) in xenografts infected with the pathogenic E. coli strain. Moreover, histological examination of tumor samples confirmed massive infiltration of pks-positive E. coli-infected HCT116 tumors by inflammatory cells compared to the uninfected group. These data showed that infection with the pathogenic E. coli strain enhanced inflammation and ROS production in tumors before tumor growth. Moreover, we demonstrated that the intra-digestive monitoring of inflammation is feasible in a reference colitis murine model(CEABAC10/DSS).CONCLUSION: Using BLI and fluorescence optical imaging, we provided tools to better understand hostpathogen interactions at the early stage of disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
文摘The degree of coherence(DOC)function that characterizes the second-order correlations at any two points in a light field is shown to provide a new degree of freedom for carrying information.As a rule,the DOC varies along the beam propagation path,preventing from the efficient information recovery.In this paper,we report that when a partially coher-ent beam carrying a cross phase propagates in free space,in a paraxial optical system or in a turbulent medium,the modulus of the far-field(focal plane)DOC acquires the same value as it has in the source plane.This unique propaga-tion feature is employed in a novel protocol for far-field imaging via the DOC,applicable to transmission in both free-space and turbulence.The advantages of the proposed approach are the confidentiality and resistance to turbulence,as well as the weaker requirement for the beam alignment accuracy.We demonstrate the feasibility and the robustness of the far-field imaging via the DOC in the turbulent media through both the experiment and the numerical simulations.Our findings have potential applications in optical imaging and remote sensing in natural environments,in the presence of op-tical turbulence.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21676131)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20143ACB20012)。
文摘Mesoporous GdPO4:Eu@SiO2@mSiO2 core-shell nanorods(NRs) were prepared by a facile two-step method.First,the monodispersed GdPO4:Eu NRs were obtained on a large scale via a facile precipitation method,then mesoporous silica was wrapped onto their surface through hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS).The XRD result indicates that the as-prepared GdPO4:Eu NRs core has hexagonal phase.The FTIR and the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm analysis confirm the successful coating of mesoporous silica.The TEM images show that the obtained GdPO4:Eu@SiO2@mSiO2 NRs exhibit uniform monodisperse core-shell structure with a nanorod core(length of 200 nm;width of 20 nm),and mesoporous silica shell of 15 nm.Under excitation of 274 nm,GdPO4:Eu@SiO2@mSiO2 NRs show strong red luminescence from 5 D0→7 FJ(J=1,2,3 and 4) transitions of Eu3+.Furthermore,the GdPO4:Eu@-SiO2@mSiO2 NRs exhibit obvious T1 enhancement effect due to paramagnetism of Gd3+.The drug loading capacity and pH-sensitive releasing behavior of the as-prepared GdPO4:Eu@SiO2@mSiO2 NRs were studied by using doxorubicin(DOX) as model drug.The excellent biocompatibility of GdPO4:Eu@-SiO2@mSiO2 NRs was demonstrated by MTT assay.Taken together,the mesoporous GdPO4:Eu@-SiO2@mSiO2 NRs may be potentially applied in fields of drug delivery and dual-modal imaging.
基金supported,in part,by the University of Wisconsin–Madisonthe National Institutes of Health (P30CA014520 and T32CA009206)the American Cancer Society (125246-RSG-13-099-01-CCE)
文摘Silica nanoparticles have been one of the most promising nanosystems for biomedical applications due to their facile surface chemistry and non-toxic nature. However, it is still challenging to effectively deliver them into tumor sites and noninvasively visualize their in vivo biodistribution with excellent sensitivity and accuracy for effective cancer diagnosis. In this study, we design a yolk/shell-structured silica nanosystem ^(64) Cu-NOTAQD@HMSN-PEG-TRC105, which can be employed for tumor vasculature targeting and dual-modality PET/optical imaging, leading to superior targeting specificity, excellentimaging capability and more reliable diagnostic outcomes.By combining vasculature targeting, pH-sensitive drug delivery, and dual-modality imaging into a single platform,as-designed yolk/shell-structured silica nanosystems may be employed for the future image-guided tumor-targeted drug delivery, to further enable cancer theranostics.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 7132037)NIH R01
文摘Objective： The combination of both nuclear and fluorescent reporters provides unique opportunities for noninvasive nuclear imaging with subsequent fluorescence image-guided resection and pathology. Our objective was to synthesize and optimize a dual-labeled trastuzumab-based imaging agent that can be used to validate an optical imaging agent with potential use in identifying tumor metastases in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （HER2） positive breast cancer patients. Methods： [111In]-DTPA-trastuzumab-IRDye 800 was synthesized by a three-step procedure. Purity, stability, immunoreactivity, internalization and biodistribution were explored in HER2＋ SKBR-3 cells. Biodistribution of [111In]-DTPA-trastuzumab-IRDye 800 was performed in a SKBR-3 xenograft model. Results： [111In]-DTPA-trastuzumab-IRDye 800 demonstrated high purity by both chemical and fluorometric determinations. Both flow cytometry and the Lindmo assay demonstrated a high binding affinity of [111In]-DTPA-trastuzumab-IRDye 800 to HER2-overexpressing cells. The dual-labeled conjugate was stable in PBS, but not in serum after 24 h at 37 ℃. Larger molecules （〉150 kD） were seen after a 24 h-incubation in human serum. Biodistribution studies revealed tumor-specific accumulation of [111In]-DTPA- trastuzumab-IRDye 800 in SKBR-3 tumors, and tumor uptakes at 24 and 48 h were （12.42±1.72）% and （9.96±1.05） %, respectively, following intravenous administration. The tumor-to-muscle ratio was 9.13±1.68 at 24 h, and increased to 12.79±2.13 at 48 h. Liver and kidney showed marked uptake of the dual-labeled imaging agent. Conclusions： [111In]-DTPA-trastuzumab-IRDye 800 is an effective diagnostic biomarker that can be used to validate dual-labeled, molecularly targeted imaging agents and can allow these agents to be translated into clinical practice for identifying HER2＋ lesions.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(No.Y20150257)
文摘AIM：To assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）and choroidal thickness obtained with enhanced depth imaging（EDI）mode compared with those obtained without EDI mode using Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography（OCT）.METHODS：Fifty eyes of 25 normal healthy subjects and32 eyes of 20 patients with different eye diseases were included in the study.All subjects underwent 3.4 mm diameter peripapillary circular OCT scan centered on the optic disc using both the conventional and the EDI OCT protocols.The visualization of RNFL and choroidoscleral junction was assessed using an ordinal scoring scale.The paired t-test,intraclass correlation coefficient（ICC）,95%limits of agreement（LoA）,and Bland and Altman plots were used to test the agreement of measurements.RESULTS：The visibility score of RNFL obtained with and without EDI was of no significant difference（P=0.532）,the visualization of choroidoscleral junction was better using EDI protocol than conventional protocol（P〈0.001）.Peripapillary RNFL thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thicker than that obtained without EDI（103.25±9.42μm vs 101.87±8.78μm,P=0.010）.The ICC of the two protocols was excellent with the value of 0.867 to 0.924,the 95%LoA of global RNFL thickness was between-10.0 to 7.4μm.Peripapillary choroidal thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thinner than that obtained without EDI（147.23±51.04μm vs 150.90±51.84μm,P〈0.001）.The ICC was also excellent with the value of 0.960 to 0.987,the 95%LoA of global choroidal thickness was between-12.5 to 19.8μm.CONCLUSION：Peripapillary circular OCT scan with or without EDI mode shows comparable results in the measurement of peripapillary RNFL and choroidal thickness.
基金Scientic and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TUBITAK),under grand,No:113E771.
文摘Subcutaneous vein network plays important roles to maintain microcirculation that is related to some diagnostic aspects.Despite developments of optical imaging technologies,still the difficulties about deep skin vascular imaging have been continued.On the other hand,since hemoglobin con-centration of human blood has key role in the veins imaging by optical manner,the used wavelength in vascular imaging,must be chosen considering absorption of hemoglobin.In this research,we constructed a near infrared(NIR)light source because of lower absorption of hemoglobin in this optical region.To obtain vascular image,reflectance geometry was used.Next,from recorded images,vascular network analysis,such as calculation of width of vascular of interest and complexity of selected region were implemented.By comparing with other modalities,we observed that proposed imaging system has great advantages including nonionized radiation,moderate penetration depth of 0.5-3 mm and diameter of 1 mm,cost-effective and algorit hmic simplicity for analysis.
基金supported by the STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0201001 and 2021ZD0201000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81827901 and 32192412).
文摘The mammalian brain is a highly complex network that consists of millions to billions of densely-interconnected neurons.Precise dissection of neural circuits at the mesoscopic level can provide important structural information for understanding the brain.Optical approaches can achieve submicron lateral resolution and achieve“optical sectioning”by a variety of means,which has the natural advantage of allowing the observation of neural circuits at the mesoscopic level.Automated whole-brain optical imaging methods based on tissue clearing or histological sectioning surpass the limitation of optical imaging depth in biological tissues and can provide delicate structural information in a large volume of tissues.Combined with various fluorescent labeling techniques,whole-brain optical imaging methods have shown great potential in the brain-wide quantitative profiling of cells,circuits,and blood vessels.In this review,we summarize the principles and implementations of various whole-brain optical imaging methods and provide some concepts regarding their future development.
基金Project supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,the National Key Research and Development Program of China for Y.S.(Grant No.2017YFA0505300)the National Science Foundation of China for Y.S.(Grant No.21825401)。
文摘A fully convolutional encoder-decoder network(FCEDN),a deep learning model,was developed and applied to image scanning microscopy(ISM).Super-resolution imaging was achieved with a 78μm×78μm field of view and 12.5 Hz-40 Hz imaging frequency.Mono and dual-color continuous super-resolution images of microtubules and cargo in cells were obtained by ISM.The signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained images was improved from 3.94 to 22.81 and the positioning accuracy of cargoes was enhanced by FCEDN from 15.83±2.79 nm to 2.83±0.83 nm.As a general image enhancement method,FCEDN can be applied to various types of microscopy systems.Application with conventional spinning disk confocal microscopy was demonstrated and significantly improved images were obtained.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0710700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51873201 and 82172071)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(No.202104b11020025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YD2060002015)the CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team(No.JCTD-2021-08).
文摘In liver tumor surgery,the recognition of tumor margin and radical resection of microcancer focis have always been the crucial points to reduce postoperative recurrence of tumor.However,naked-eye inspection and palpation have limited effectiveness in identifying tumor boundaries,and traditional imaging techniques cannot consistently locate tumors in real time.As an intraoperative real-time navigation imaging method,NIRfluorescence imaging has been extensively studied for its simplicity,reliable safety,and superior sensitivity,and is expected to improve the accuracy of liver tumor surgery.In recent years,the research focus of NIRfluorescence has gradually shifted from the-rst near-infrared window(NIR-I,700–900 nm)to the second near-infrared window(NIR-II,1000–1700 nm).Fluorescence imaging in NIR-II reduces the scattering effect of deep tissue,providing a preferable detection depth and spatial resolution while signi-cantly eliminating liver autofluorescence background to clarify tumor margin.Developingfluorophores combined with tumor antibodies will further improve the precision offluorescence-guided surgical navigation.With the development of a bunch offluorophores with phototherapy ability,NIR-II can integrate tumor detection and treatment to explore a new therapeutic strategy for liver cancer.Here,we review the recent progress of NIR-IIfluorescence technology in liver tumor surgery and discuss its challenges and potential development direction.
基金the Nano-Biotechnology Award of the State of Maryland,the Minta Martin Foundation,the General Research Board(GRB)Award of the University of Maryland,and the University of Maryland Baltimore(UMB)and College Park(UMCP)Seed Grant Program,and the Prevent Cancer Foundation(to Y.C.)Support from NIH P50 CA103175(JHU ICMIC Program,to V.R.)NIH CA134695(to K.G.)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Fluorescence molecular imaging enables the visualization of basic molecular processes such as gene expression,enzyme activity,and disease-specific molecular interactions in vivo using targeted contrast agents,and therefore,is being developed for early detection and in situ characterization of breast cancers.Recent advances in developing near-infrared fluorescent imaging contrast agents have enabled the specific labeling of human breast cancer cells in mouse model systems.In synergy with contrast agent development,this paper describes a needle-based fluorescence molecular imaging device that has the strong potential to be translated into clinical breast biopsy procedures.This microendoscopy probe is based on a gradient-index(GRIN)lens interfaced with a laser scanning microscope.Specifications of the imaging performance,including the field-of-view,transverse resolution,and focus tracking characteristics were calibrated.Orthotopic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts stably expressing the tdTomato red fluorescent protein(RFP)were used to detect the tumor cells in this tumor model as a proof of principle study.With further development,this technology,in conjunction with the development of clinically applicable,injectable fluorescent molecular imaging agents,promises to perform fluorescence molecular imaging of breast cancers in vivo for breast biopsy guidance.
基金Project supported by Education Department of Jiangxi Province(GJJ14578,GJJ13216)
文摘Ultrafine Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals were successfully prepared by a simple reverse microemulsion method and subsequent calcination. Their structural, optical and magnetic properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmis-sion electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, photoluminescence （PL）, and magnetic property measurement system （MPMS）. The amorphous Gd2（CO3）3：Eu3＋colloidal spheres were proved as an intermediate product, and gradually transformed into crystallized Gd2O3：Eu3＋with average diameter less than 100 nm. The paramagnetic property of the synthesized Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals were confirmed with its linear hysteresis plot （M-H）. And Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals showed high contrast T1-enhancing modality due to the presence of the Gd3＋ ions onto the particle surface. In addition, the application of the Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals as biotag for cell labeling was reported, red fluorescence from Eu3＋ions observed by fluorescence micros-copy showed that the nanocrystals could permeate the cell membrane. Cytotoxicity studies of the Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals showed no adverse effect on cell viability, evidencing their high biological compatibility. Therefore, the nanoprobe formed from Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals provided the dual modality of optical and magnetic resonance imaging.
基金supported by Canadian Cancer Society Grant#018510 through the National Cancer Institute of Canada.
文摘Recent years have seen the design and implementation of many optical activatable smart probes.These probes are activatable because they change their optical properties and are smart because they can identify specific targets.This broad class of detection agents has allowed previously unperformed visualizations,facilitating the study of diverse biomolecules including enzymes,nucleic acids,ions and reactive oxygen species.Designed to be robust in an in vivo environment,these probes have been used in tissue culture cells and in live small animals.An emerging class of smart probes has been designed to harness the potency of singlet oxygen generating photosensitizers.Combining the discrimination of activatable agents with the toxicity of photosensitizers represents a new and powerful approach to disease treatment.This review highlights some applications of activatable smart probes with a focus on developments of the past decade.
