BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening condition defined by organ dysfunction,triggered by a dysregulated host response to infection.there is limited published literature combining cognitive impairment with topologic...BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening condition defined by organ dysfunction,triggered by a dysregulated host response to infection.there is limited published literature combining cognitive impairment with topological property alterations in brain networks in sepsis survivors.Therefore,we employed graph theory and Granger causality analysis(GCA)methods to analyze resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)data,aiming to explore the topological alterations in the brain networks of intensive care unit(ICU)sepsis survivors.Using correlation analysis,the interplay between topological property alterations and cognitive impairment was also investigated.AIM To explore the topological alterations of the brain networks of sepsis survivors and their correlation with cognitive impairment.METHODS Sixteen sepsis survivors and nineteen healthy controls from the community were recruited.Within one month after discharge,neurocognitive tests were administered to assess cognitive performance.Rs-fMRI was acquired and the topological properties of brain networks were measured based on graph theory approaches.GCA was conducted to quantify effective connectivity(EC)between brain regions showing positive topological alterations and other regions in the brain.The correlations between topological properties and cognitive were analyzed.RESULTS Sepsis survivors exhibited significant cognitive impairment.At the global level,sepsis survivors showed lower normalized clustering coefficient(γ)and small-worldness(σ)than healthy controls.At the local level,degree centrality(DC)and nodal efficiency(NE)decreased in the right orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus(ORBinf.R),NE decreased in the left temporal pole of superior temporal gyrus(TPOsup.L)whereas DC and NE increased in the right cerebellum Crus 2(CRBLCrus2.R).Regarding directional connection alterations,EC from left cerebellum 6(CRBL6.L)to ORBinf.R and EC from TPOsup.L to right cerebellum 1(CRBLCrus1.R)decreased,whereas EC from right lingual gyrus(LING.R)to TPOsup.L increased.The implementation of correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between DC in CRBLCrus2.R and both Mini-mental state examination(r=-0.572,P=0.041)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scores(r=-0.629,P=0.021)at the local level.In the CRBLCrus2.R cohort,a negative correlation was identified between NE and MoCA scores,with a statistically significant result of r=-0.633 and P=0.020.CONCLUSION Frontal,temporal and cerebellar topological property alterations are possibly associated with cognitive impairment of ICU sepsis survivors and may serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis.展开更多
Background Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging provides insight into brain function in patients with consciousness disorders.We investigated the variability in functional brain networks in consciousnes...Background Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging provides insight into brain function in patients with consciousness disorders.We investigated the variability in functional brain networks in consciousness disorders with different etiologies and identified potential correlations with recovery.Methods In this single-center prospective observational study,we included seven patients with traumatic brain injury,seven with cerebrovascular accidents,and a healthy control group of eight participants with intraspinal space-occupying lesions.All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and were assessed using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised.Regional homogeneity values were compared across groups to evaluate differences in functional brain activity.Results Patients with traumatic brain injury demonstrated increased regional homogeneity values in the right fusiform gyrus,left middle cingulum,and right inferior frontal gyrus and reduced values in the left middle temporal gyrus,right supramarginal gyrus,right supplementary motor area,right precentral gyrus,and inferior frontal gyrus.Both groups exhibited higher regional homogeneity values in subcortical nuclei compared with the healthy control group.Patients with traumatic brain injury had reduced regional homogeneity in the paracentral lobule and frontal,temporal,and supramarginal regions compared with patients with cerebrovascular accidents.Preoperative Coma Recovery Scale-Revised scores were positively correlated with regional homogeneity in the hippocampus and negatively correlated with regional homogeneity in the midline temporal region.For 3 months,both groups showed improved consciousness.Conclusions Regional homogeneity analysis can identify alterations in functional brain activity associated with recovery of consciousness,offering potential neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical assessment and prognosis for consciousness disorders.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological s...BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological substrates underlying depression,the intricate patterns of disrupted brain network connectivity in adolescents warrant further exploration.AIM To elucidate the neural correlates of adolescent depression by examining brain network connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).METHODS The study cohort comprised 74 depressed adolescents and 59 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years.Participants underwent rs-fMRI to evaluate functional connectivity within and across critical brain networks,including the visual,default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention,salience,somatomotor,and frontoparietal control networks.RESULTS Analyses revealed pronounced functional disparities within key neural circuits among adolescents with depression.The results demonstrated existence of hemispheric asymmetries characterized by enhanced activity in the left visual network,which contrasted the diminished activity in the right hemisphere.The DMN facilitated increased activity within the left prefrontal cortex and reduced engagement in the right hemisphere,implicating disrupted self-referential and emotional processing mechanisms.Additionally,an overactive right dorsal attention network and a hypoactive salience network were identified,underscoring significant abnormalities in attentional and emotional regulation in adolescent depression.CONCLUSION The findings from this study underscore distinct neural connectivity disruptions in adolescent depression,underscoring the critical role of specific neurobiological markers for precise early diagnosis of adolescent depression.The observed functional asymmetries and network-specific deviations elucidate the complex neurobiological architecture of adolescent depression,supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explo...BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explore the potential characteristics of the brain network and functional connectivity(FC)of SA.METHODS Twenty-six SA individuals and 47 usual aging individuals were recruited from community-dwelling elderly,which were taken the magnetic resonance imaging scan and the global cognitive function assessment by Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE).The resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging data were preprocessed by DPABISurf,and the brain functional network was conducted by DPABINet.The support vector machine model was constructed with altered functional connectivities to evaluate the identification value of SA.RESULTS The results found that the 6 inter-network FCs of 5 brain networks were significantly altered and related to MMSE performance.The FC of the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus was mostly increased and positively related to MMSE score,and the FC of the right supramarginal gyrus and right temporal pole:Middle temporal gyrus was the only one decreased and negatively related to MMSE score.All 17 significantly altered FCs of SA were taken into the support vector machine model,and the area under the curve was 0.895.CONCLUSION The identification of key brain networks and FC of SA could help us better understand the brain mechanism and further explore neuroimaging biomarkers of SA.展开更多
BACKGROUND Very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis(VLOSLP)is a subtype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in which individuals experience psychotic symptoms for the first time after the age of 60.The incidence o...BACKGROUND Very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis(VLOSLP)is a subtype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in which individuals experience psychotic symptoms for the first time after the age of 60.The incidence of VLOSLP shows a linear relationship with increasing age.However,no studies have reported alterations in spontaneous brain activity among VLOSLP patients and their correlation with cognitive function and clinical symptoms.AIM To explore VLOSLP brain activity and correlations with cognitive function and clinical symptoms using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.METHODS This study included 33 VLOSLP patients and 34 healthy controls.The cognitive assessment utilized the Mini Mental State Examination,Montreal Cognitive Assessment,and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS).Clinical characteristic acquisition was performed via the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).All participants were scanned via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,and the data were processed using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF),fractional ALFF(fALFF),regional homogeneity,and voxelmirrored homotopic connectivity(VMHC).RESULTS The VLOSLP group presented decreased ALFF values in the left cuneus,right precuneus,right precentral gyrus,and left paracentral lobule;increased fALFF values in the left caudate nucleus;decreased fALFF values in the right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex(CAL)and right precuneus;increased regional homogeneity values in the right putamen;and decreased VMHC values in the bilateral CAL,bilateral superior temporal gyrus,and bilateral cuneus.In the VLOSLP group,ALFF values in the right precuneus were negatively correlated with Mini Mental State Examination score and PANSS positive subscale score,and VMHC values in the bilateral CAL were negatively correlated with the RBANS total score,RBANS delayed memory score,and PANSS positive subscale score.CONCLUSION The changes of brain activity in VLOSLP are concentrated in the right precuneus and bilateral CAL regions,which may be associated with cognitive impairment and clinically positive symptoms.展开更多
Freezing of gait is a significant and debilitating motor symptom often observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with its multi-level feature indice...Freezing of gait is a significant and debilitating motor symptom often observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with its multi-level feature indices,has provided a fresh perspective and valuable insight into the study of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.It has been revealed that Parkinson's disease is accompanied by widespread irregularities in inherent brain network activity.However,the effective integration of the multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging into clinical settings for the diagnosis of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease remains a challenge.Although previous studies have demonstrated that radiomics can extract optimal features as biomarkers to identify or predict diseases,a knowledge gap still exists in the field of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the ability of radiomics features based on multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with clinical features,to distinguish between Parkinson's disease patients with and without freezing of gait.We recruited 28 patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait(15 men and 13 women,average age 63 years)and 30 patients with Parkinson's disease who had no freezing of gait(16 men and 14 women,average age 64 years).Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained using a 3.0T scanner to extract the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations,mean regional homogeneity,and degree centrality.Neurological and clinical characteristics were also evaluated.We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm to extract features and established feedforward neural network models based solely on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators.We then performed predictive analysis of three distinct groups based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators indicators combined with clinical features.Subsequently,we conducted 100 additional five-fold cross-validations to determine the most effective model for each classification task and evaluated the performance of the model using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.The results showed that when differentiating patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who did not have freezing of gait,or from healthy controls,the models using only the mean regional homogeneity values achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.750(with an accuracy of 70.9%)and 0.759(with an accuracy of 65.3%),respectively.When classifying patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who had no freezing of gait,the model using the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values combined with two clinical features achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.847(with an accuracy of 74.3%).The most significant features for patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait were amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation alterations in the left parahippocampal gyrus and two clinical characteristics:Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Hamilton Depression Scale scores.Our findings suggest that radiomics features derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indices and clinical information can serve as valuable indices for the identification of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.展开更多
A novel numerical model based on the image Green function and first-order Taylor expansion boundary element method(TEBEM), which can improve the accuracy of the hydrodynamic simulation for the non-smooth body, was dev...A novel numerical model based on the image Green function and first-order Taylor expansion boundary element method(TEBEM), which can improve the accuracy of the hydrodynamic simulation for the non-smooth body, was developed to calculate the side wall effects on first-order motion responses and second-order drift loads upon offshore structures in the wave tank. This model was confirmed by comparing it to the results from experiments on hydrodynamic coefficients, namely the first-order motion response and second-order drift load upon a hemisphere, prolate spheroid, and box-shaped barge in the wave tank. Then,the hydrodynamics of the KVLCC2 model were also calculated in two wave tanks with different widths. It was concluded that this model can predict the hydrodynamics for offshore structures effectively, and the side wall has a significant impact on the firstorder quantities and second-order drift loads, which satisfied the resonant rule.展开更多
Objective Cachexia occurs in approximately half of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients as the disease progresses and is correlated with a poor prognosis.Therefore,early identification of HCC patients at risk of deve...Objective Cachexia occurs in approximately half of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients as the disease progresses and is correlated with a poor prognosis.Therefore,early identification of HCC patients at risk of developing cachexia and their prognosis is crucial.This study investigated the functional liver imaging score(FLIS)derived from gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to identify cachexia in HCC patients and their prognosis.Methods Pretreatment clinical and MRI data from 339 HCC patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI scans were retrospectively collected.Patient weights were recorded for 6 months following the MRI scan to diagnose cachexia.The FLIS was calculated as the sum of the enhancement quality score,the excretion quality score,and the portal vein sign quality score.A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the significant factors affecting overall survival(OS).Multivariable logistic regression was then conducted to identify variables predicting cachexia in HCC patients,which were subsequently used to predict OS.Results Cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between cachexia and worse OS.Both FLIS(0–4 vs.5–6 points)(OR,9.20;95%CI:4.68–18.10;P<0.001)andα-fetoprotein>100 ng/mL(OR,4.08;95%CI:2.13–7.83;P<0.001)emerged as significant predictors of cachexia in patients with HCC.Furthermore,FLIS(0–4 vs.5–6 points)(HR,1.73;95%CI:1.19–2.51;P=0.004)was significantly associated with OS.Patients in the FLIS 0–4 points group had shorter OS than those in the FLIS 5–6 points group[20 months(95%CI,14.7–25.3)vs.43 months(95%CI,27.7–58.3);P=0.001].Conclusion Cachexia was associated with worse OS.The functional liver imaging score emerged as a significant predictor of cachexia in HCC patients and their prognosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Research has found that the amygdala plays a significant role in underlying pathology of major depressive disorder(MDD).However,few studies have explored machine learning-assisted diagnostic biomarkers base...BACKGROUND Research has found that the amygdala plays a significant role in underlying pathology of major depressive disorder(MDD).However,few studies have explored machine learning-assisted diagnostic biomarkers based on amygdala functional connectivity(FC).AIM To investigate the analysis of neuroimaging biomarkers as a streamlined approach for the diagnosis of MDD in adolescents.METHODS Forty-four adolescents diagnosed with MDD and 43 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,the FC was compared between the adolescents with MDD and the healthy controls,with the bilateral amygdala serving as the seed point,followed by statistical analysis of the results.The support vector machine(SVM)method was then applied to classify functional connections in various brain regions and to evaluate the neurophysiological characteristics associated with MDD.RESULTS Compared to the controls and using the bilateral amygdala as the region of interest,patients with MDD showed significantly lower FC values in the left inferior temporal gyrus,bilateral calcarine,right lingual gyrus,and left superior occipital gyrus.However,there was an increase in the FC value in Vermis-10.The SVM analysis revealed that the reduction in the FC value in the right lingual gyrus could effectively differentiate patients with MDD from healthy controls,achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 83.91%,sensitivity of 79.55%,specificity of 88.37%,and an area under the curve of 67.65%.CONCLUSION The results showed that an abnormal FC value in the right lingual gyrus was effective as a neuroimaging biomarker to distinguish patients with MDD from healthy controls.展开更多
Background: The mechanisms by which acupuncture affects poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remain unclear. Objective: To investigate brain functional network (BFN) changes in patients with PSCI after acupuncture t...Background: The mechanisms by which acupuncture affects poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remain unclear. Objective: To investigate brain functional network (BFN) changes in patients with PSCI after acupuncture therapy. Methods: Twenty-two PSCI patients who underwent acupuncture therapy in our hospital were enrolled as research subjects. Another 14 people matched for age, sex, and education level were included in the normal control (HC) group. All the subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans;the PSCI patients underwent one scan before acupuncture therapy and another after. The network metric difference between PSCI patients and HCs was analyzed via the independent-sample t test, whereas the paired-sample t test was employed to analyze the network metric changes in PSCI patients before vs. after treatment. Results: Small-world network attributes were observed in both groups for sparsities between 0.1 and 0.28. Compared with the HC group, the PSCI group presented significantly lower values for the global topological properties (γ, Cp, and Eloc) of the brain;significantly greater values for the nodal attributes of betweenness centrality in the CUN. L and the HES. R, degree centrality in the SFGdor. L, PCG. L, IPL. L, and HES. R, and nodal local efficiency in the ORBsup. R, ORBsupmed. R, DCG. L, SMG. R, and TPOsup. L;and decreased degree centrality in the MFG. R, IFGoperc. R, and SOG. R. After treatment, PSCI patients presented increased degree centrality in the LING.L, LING.R, and IOG. L and nodal local efficiency in PHG. L, IOG. R, FFG. L, and the HES. L, and decreased betweenness centrality in the PCG. L and CUN. L, degree centrality in the ORBsupmed. R, and nodal local efficiency in ANG. R. Conclusion: Cognitive decline in PSCI patients may be related to BFN disorders;acupuncture therapy may modulate the topological properties of the BFNs of PSCI patients.展开更多
As a vital negative regulator of Wnt signaling pathway,human Notum(hNotum)plays a crucial regulatory role in the progression of many human diseases.Deciphering the relevance of h Notum to human diseases requires pract...As a vital negative regulator of Wnt signaling pathway,human Notum(hNotum)plays a crucial regulatory role in the progression of many human diseases.Deciphering the relevance of h Notum to human diseases requires practical and reliable tools for visualizing h Notum activity in living systems.Herein,an enzyme-activatable fluorogenic tool(IR-783 octanoate)was rationally engineered for sensing and imaging h Notum activity in living systems by integrating computer-aided molecular design and biochemical assays.IR-783 octanoate showed good optical properties,excellent specificity and high binding-affinity towards h Notum(K_(m)=0.98μmol/L).IR-783 octanoate could be well up-taken into the cancerous cells or tumors that over-expressed organic anion transporting polypeptides(OATPs),and then hydrolyzed by cellular h Notum to release free IR-783 ketone,which created brightly fluorescent signals around 646 nm.Further investigations showed that IR-783 octanoate achieved a good performance for in-situ functional imaging of h Notum in both living cells,cancerous tissues and organs.It was also found that some SW620cells with multipolar spindles could be stained by IR-783 octanoate to emit extremely bright signals,suggesting that this agent could be used as a novel visualizing tool for tracing the cells undergoing abnormal cell mitoses.Collectively,this study devises a highly specific fluorogenic tool for in-situ functional imaging of hNotum in living systems,which offers a practical and reliable tool to dynamically track the changes in h Notum activity under various conditions.展开更多
AIM:To explore the brain mechanism of acupuncture for children with anisometropic amblyopia using the voxelmirror homotopic connectivity(VMHC)analysis method of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)te...AIM:To explore the brain mechanism of acupuncture for children with anisometropic amblyopia using the voxelmirror homotopic connectivity(VMHC)analysis method of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)technology based on clinical effectiveness.METHODS:Eighty children with anisometropic monocular amblyopia were randomly divided into two groups:control(40 cases,1 case of shedding)and acupuncture(40 cases,1 case of shedding)groups.The control group was treated with glasses,red flash,grating,and visual stimulations,with each procedure conducted for 5min per time.Based on routine treatment,the acupuncture group underwent acupuncture of“regulating qi and unblocking meridians to bright eyes”,Jingming(BL1),Cuanzhu(BL2),Guangming(GB37),Fengchi(GB20)acupoints were taken on both sides,with the needle kept for 30min each time.Both groups were treated once every other day,three times per week,for a total of 4wk.After the treatment,the overall curative effect of the two groups and the latency and amplitude changes of P100 wave of pattern visual-evoked potential were counted.At the same time,nine children with left eye amblyopia were randomly selected from the two groups and were scanned with rsfMRI before and after treatment.The differences in the brain regions between the two groups were compared and analyzed with VMHC.RESULTS:Chi-square test showed a notable difference in the total efficiency rate between the acupuncture(94.87%)and control groups(79.49%).Regarding the P100 wave latency and amplitude,the acupuncture group had significantly shorter latency and higher amplitude of P100 wave than the control group.Moreover,the VMHC values of the bilateral temporal lobe,superior temporal gyrus,and middle temporal gyrus were notably increased in the acupuncture group after treatment.CONCLUSION:Acupuncture combined with conventional treatment can significantly improve the corrected visual acuity and optic nerve conduction in children with anisometropic amblyopia.Compared with the conventional treatment,the regulation of acupuncture on the functional activities of the relevant brain areas in the anterior cerebellum may be an effective acupuncture mechanism for anisometropic amblyopia.展开更多
Thalamocortical circuitry has a substantial impact on emotion and cognition.Previous studies have demonstrated alterations in thalamocortical functional connectivity(FC),characterized by region-dependent hypo-or hyper...Thalamocortical circuitry has a substantial impact on emotion and cognition.Previous studies have demonstrated alterations in thalamocortical functional connectivity(FC),characterized by region-dependent hypo-or hyper-connectivity,among individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD).However,the dynamical reconfiguration of the thalamocortical system over time and potential abnormalities in dynamic thalamocortical connectivity associated with MDD remain unclear.Hence,we analyzed dynamic FC(dFC)between ten thalamic subregions and seven cortical subnetworks from resting-state functional magnetic resonance images of 48 patients with MDD and 57 healthy controls(HCs)to investigate time-varying changes in thalamocortical FC in patients with MDD.Moreover,dynamic laterality analysis was conducted to examine the changes in functional lateralization of the thalamocortical system over time.Correlations between the dynamic measures of thalamocortical FC and clinical assessment were also calculated.We identified four dynamic states of thalamocortical circuitry wherein patients with MDD exhibited decreased fractional time and reduced transitions within a negative connectivity state that showed strong correlations with primary cortical networks,compared with the HCs.In addition,MDD patients also exhibited increased fluctuations in functional laterality in the thalamocortical system across the scan duration.The thalamo-subnetwork analysis unveiled abnormal dFC variability involving higher-order cortical networks in the MDD cohort.Significant correlations were found between increased dFC variability with dorsal attention and default mode networks and the severity of symptoms.Our study comprehensively investigated the pattern of alteration of the thalamocortical dFC in MDD patients.The heterogeneous alterations of dFC between the thalamus and both primary and higher-order cortical networks may help characterize the deficits of sensory and cognitive processing in MDD.展开更多
BACKGROUND The functional lumen imaging probe(FLIP)is a Food and Drug Administration approved tool to aid the diagnosis and management of esophageal disorders.However,widespread adoption of FLIP remains limited and it...BACKGROUND The functional lumen imaging probe(FLIP)is a Food and Drug Administration approved tool to aid the diagnosis and management of esophageal disorders.However,widespread adoption of FLIP remains limited and its utility in highvolume practices remains unclear.AIM To analyze large sample data on clinical use of FLIP and provide insight on several technical aspects when performing FLIP.METHODS We conducted a retrospective comparative and descriptive analysis of FLIP procedures performed by a single provider at an academic medical center.There was a total of 398 FLIP procedures identified.Patient medical records were reviewed and data regarding demographics and procedural details were collected.Statistical tests,including chi-squared,t-test,and multivariable logistic and linear regression,were performed.RESULTS There was an increase in FLIP cases with each successive time period of 13 months(n=68,146,184,respectively)with notable rises specifically for indications of dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux disease.There was a shift toward use of the longer FLIP balloon catheter for diagnostic purposes(overall 70.4%vs 29.6%,P<0.01).Many cases(42.8%)were performed in conjunction with other diagnostics/interventions,such as dilation and wireless pH probe placement.Procedures were nearly equally performed with anesthesia vs moderate sedation(51.4%anesthesia),with no major complications.Patients who had anesthesia were less likely to have recurrent antegrade contractions[odds ratio(OR)=0.4,95%CI:0.3-0.8]and were also more likely to have absent contractility(OR=2.4,95%CI:1.3-CONCLUSION FLIP cases have increased in our practice with expanding indications for its use.Given limited normative data,providers should be aware of several potential technical issues,including the possible impact of sedation choice when assessing esophageal motility patterns.展开更多
Ejaculation is regulated by the central nervous system.However,the central pathophysiology of primary intravaginal anejaculation(PIAJ)is unclear.The present study aimed to examine the changes in regional brain activit...Ejaculation is regulated by the central nervous system.However,the central pathophysiology of primary intravaginal anejaculation(PIAJ)is unclear.The present study aimed to examine the changes in regional brain activity and functional connectivity underlying PIAJ.A total of 20 PIAJ patients and 16 healthy controls(HCs)were enrolled from September 2020 to September 2022 in the Department of Andrology,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(Nanjing,China).Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from all participants and then were preprocessed.The measures of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF),regional homogeneity(ReHo),and functional connectivity(FC)were calculated and compared between the groups.PIAJ patients showed increased fALFF values in the left precuneus compared with HCs.Additionally,PIAJ patients showed increased ReHo values in the left precuneus,left postcentral gyrus,left superior occipital gyrus,left calcarine fissure,right precuneus,and right middle temporal gyrus,and decreased ReHo values in the left inferior parietal gyrus,compared with HCs.Finally,brain regions with altered fALFF and ReHo values in PIAJ patients showed increased FC with widespread cortical regions,which included the frontal,parietal,temporal,and occipital regions,compared with HCs.In conclusion,increased regional brain activity in the parietal,temporal,and occipital regions,and increased FC between these brain regions,may be associated with PIAJ occurrence.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adolescent major depressive disorder(MDD)is a significant mental health concern that often leads to recurrent depression in adulthood.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)offers uniqu...BACKGROUND Adolescent major depressive disorder(MDD)is a significant mental health concern that often leads to recurrent depression in adulthood.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)offers unique insights into the neural mechanisms underlying this condition.However,despite previous research,the specific vulnerable brain regions affected in adolescent MDD patients have not been fully elucidated.AIM To identify consistent vulnerable brain regions in adolescent MDD patients using rs-fMRI and activation likelihood estimation(ALE)meta-analysis.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search through July 12,2023,for studies investigating brain functional changes in adolescent MDD patients.We utilized regional homogeneity(ReHo),amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF)and fractional ALFF(fALFF)analyses.We compared the regions of aberrant spontaneous neural activity in adolescents with MDD vs healthy controls(HCs)using ALE.RESULTS Ten studies(369 adolescent MDD patients and 313 HCs)were included.Combining the ReHo and ALFF/fALFF data,the results revealed that the activity in the right cuneus and left precuneus was lower in the adolescent MDD patients than in the HCs(voxel size:648 mm3,P<0.05),and no brain region exhibited increased activity.Based on the ALFF data,we found decreased activity in the right cuneus and left precuneus in adolescent MDD patients(voxel size:736 mm3,P<0.05),with no regions exhibiting increased activity.CONCLUSION Through ALE meta-analysis,we consistently identified the right cuneus and left precuneus as vulnerable brain regions in adolescent MDD patients,increasing our understanding of the neuropathology of affected adolescents.展开更多
Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness, defined in 2017, is a chronic functional vestibular disorder. Which is characterized by persistent dizziness, unsteadiness, and/or non-spinning vertigo. However, the exact mec...Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness, defined in 2017, is a chronic functional vestibular disorder. Which is characterized by persistent dizziness, unsteadiness, and/or non-spinning vertigo. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In recent years, FMRI studies have provided key insights into the pathogenesis of PPPD. This review summarized functional imaging studies of persistent postural dizziness and its predecessors in recent years and found changes in the activity and functional connectivity of important areas of visual processing, multisensory vestibular and spatial cognition in patients with PPPD. In addition, factors such as stimulation mode, personality traits, mental comorbidities and external vestibular lesions have important effects on brain functional activities and connectivity patterns, and further stratified studies on these factors are needed in the future to further clarify and draw exact conclusions on the pathological mechanism of PPPD.展开更多
Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have ...Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Visual cortical prostheses have the potential to restore partial vision. Still limited by the low-resolution visual percepts provided by visual cortical prostheses, implant wearers can currently only ＂see＂ pixelized...Visual cortical prostheses have the potential to restore partial vision. Still limited by the low-resolution visual percepts provided by visual cortical prostheses, implant wearers can currently only ＂see＂ pixelized images, and how to obtain the specific brain responses to different pixelized images in the primary visual cortex（the implant area） is still unknown. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment on normal human participants to investigate the brain activation patterns in response to 18 different pixelized images. There were 100 voxels in the brain activation pattern that were selected from the primary visual cortex, and voxel size was 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm. Multi-voxel pattern analysis was used to test if these 18 different brain activation patterns were specific. We chose a Linear Support Vector Machine（LSVM） as the classifier in this study. The results showed that the classification accuracies of different brain activation patterns were significantly above chance level, which suggests that the classifier can successfully distinguish the brain activation patterns. Our results suggest that the specific brain activation patterns to different pixelized images can be obtained in the primary visual cortex using a 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm voxel size and a 100-voxel pattern.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82372182,No.82172131,and No.U23A20421Training Project of the Leading Expert Team:"Jiyang Medical Elites",No.RC2023-004.
文摘BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening condition defined by organ dysfunction,triggered by a dysregulated host response to infection.there is limited published literature combining cognitive impairment with topological property alterations in brain networks in sepsis survivors.Therefore,we employed graph theory and Granger causality analysis(GCA)methods to analyze resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)data,aiming to explore the topological alterations in the brain networks of intensive care unit(ICU)sepsis survivors.Using correlation analysis,the interplay between topological property alterations and cognitive impairment was also investigated.AIM To explore the topological alterations of the brain networks of sepsis survivors and their correlation with cognitive impairment.METHODS Sixteen sepsis survivors and nineteen healthy controls from the community were recruited.Within one month after discharge,neurocognitive tests were administered to assess cognitive performance.Rs-fMRI was acquired and the topological properties of brain networks were measured based on graph theory approaches.GCA was conducted to quantify effective connectivity(EC)between brain regions showing positive topological alterations and other regions in the brain.The correlations between topological properties and cognitive were analyzed.RESULTS Sepsis survivors exhibited significant cognitive impairment.At the global level,sepsis survivors showed lower normalized clustering coefficient(γ)and small-worldness(σ)than healthy controls.At the local level,degree centrality(DC)and nodal efficiency(NE)decreased in the right orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus(ORBinf.R),NE decreased in the left temporal pole of superior temporal gyrus(TPOsup.L)whereas DC and NE increased in the right cerebellum Crus 2(CRBLCrus2.R).Regarding directional connection alterations,EC from left cerebellum 6(CRBL6.L)to ORBinf.R and EC from TPOsup.L to right cerebellum 1(CRBLCrus1.R)decreased,whereas EC from right lingual gyrus(LING.R)to TPOsup.L increased.The implementation of correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between DC in CRBLCrus2.R and both Mini-mental state examination(r=-0.572,P=0.041)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scores(r=-0.629,P=0.021)at the local level.In the CRBLCrus2.R cohort,a negative correlation was identified between NE and MoCA scores,with a statistically significant result of r=-0.633 and P=0.020.CONCLUSION Frontal,temporal and cerebellar topological property alterations are possibly associated with cognitive impairment of ICU sepsis survivors and may serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis.
基金funded by a grant from the STI 2030 Major Projects,grant number 2021ZD0204300.
文摘Background Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging provides insight into brain function in patients with consciousness disorders.We investigated the variability in functional brain networks in consciousness disorders with different etiologies and identified potential correlations with recovery.Methods In this single-center prospective observational study,we included seven patients with traumatic brain injury,seven with cerebrovascular accidents,and a healthy control group of eight participants with intraspinal space-occupying lesions.All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and were assessed using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised.Regional homogeneity values were compared across groups to evaluate differences in functional brain activity.Results Patients with traumatic brain injury demonstrated increased regional homogeneity values in the right fusiform gyrus,left middle cingulum,and right inferior frontal gyrus and reduced values in the left middle temporal gyrus,right supramarginal gyrus,right supplementary motor area,right precentral gyrus,and inferior frontal gyrus.Both groups exhibited higher regional homogeneity values in subcortical nuclei compared with the healthy control group.Patients with traumatic brain injury had reduced regional homogeneity in the paracentral lobule and frontal,temporal,and supramarginal regions compared with patients with cerebrovascular accidents.Preoperative Coma Recovery Scale-Revised scores were positively correlated with regional homogeneity in the hippocampus and negatively correlated with regional homogeneity in the midline temporal region.For 3 months,both groups showed improved consciousness.Conclusions Regional homogeneity analysis can identify alterations in functional brain activity associated with recovery of consciousness,offering potential neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical assessment and prognosis for consciousness disorders.
基金Supported by the Medical Research Project of the Chongqing Municipal Health Commission,No.2024WSJK110.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological substrates underlying depression,the intricate patterns of disrupted brain network connectivity in adolescents warrant further exploration.AIM To elucidate the neural correlates of adolescent depression by examining brain network connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).METHODS The study cohort comprised 74 depressed adolescents and 59 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years.Participants underwent rs-fMRI to evaluate functional connectivity within and across critical brain networks,including the visual,default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention,salience,somatomotor,and frontoparietal control networks.RESULTS Analyses revealed pronounced functional disparities within key neural circuits among adolescents with depression.The results demonstrated existence of hemispheric asymmetries characterized by enhanced activity in the left visual network,which contrasted the diminished activity in the right hemisphere.The DMN facilitated increased activity within the left prefrontal cortex and reduced engagement in the right hemisphere,implicating disrupted self-referential and emotional processing mechanisms.Additionally,an overactive right dorsal attention network and a hypoactive salience network were identified,underscoring significant abnormalities in attentional and emotional regulation in adolescent depression.CONCLUSION The findings from this study underscore distinct neural connectivity disruptions in adolescent depression,underscoring the critical role of specific neurobiological markers for precise early diagnosis of adolescent depression.The observed functional asymmetries and network-specific deviations elucidate the complex neurobiological architecture of adolescent depression,supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
基金Supported by the Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Major Project,No.Z202107。
文摘BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explore the potential characteristics of the brain network and functional connectivity(FC)of SA.METHODS Twenty-six SA individuals and 47 usual aging individuals were recruited from community-dwelling elderly,which were taken the magnetic resonance imaging scan and the global cognitive function assessment by Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE).The resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging data were preprocessed by DPABISurf,and the brain functional network was conducted by DPABINet.The support vector machine model was constructed with altered functional connectivities to evaluate the identification value of SA.RESULTS The results found that the 6 inter-network FCs of 5 brain networks were significantly altered and related to MMSE performance.The FC of the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus was mostly increased and positively related to MMSE score,and the FC of the right supramarginal gyrus and right temporal pole:Middle temporal gyrus was the only one decreased and negatively related to MMSE score.All 17 significantly altered FCs of SA were taken into the support vector machine model,and the area under the curve was 0.895.CONCLUSION The identification of key brain networks and FC of SA could help us better understand the brain mechanism and further explore neuroimaging biomarkers of SA.
基金Supported by Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Major Project,No.202107and Wuxi Taihu Talent Project,No.WXTTP 2021.
文摘BACKGROUND Very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis(VLOSLP)is a subtype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in which individuals experience psychotic symptoms for the first time after the age of 60.The incidence of VLOSLP shows a linear relationship with increasing age.However,no studies have reported alterations in spontaneous brain activity among VLOSLP patients and their correlation with cognitive function and clinical symptoms.AIM To explore VLOSLP brain activity and correlations with cognitive function and clinical symptoms using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.METHODS This study included 33 VLOSLP patients and 34 healthy controls.The cognitive assessment utilized the Mini Mental State Examination,Montreal Cognitive Assessment,and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS).Clinical characteristic acquisition was performed via the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).All participants were scanned via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,and the data were processed using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF),fractional ALFF(fALFF),regional homogeneity,and voxelmirrored homotopic connectivity(VMHC).RESULTS The VLOSLP group presented decreased ALFF values in the left cuneus,right precuneus,right precentral gyrus,and left paracentral lobule;increased fALFF values in the left caudate nucleus;decreased fALFF values in the right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex(CAL)and right precuneus;increased regional homogeneity values in the right putamen;and decreased VMHC values in the bilateral CAL,bilateral superior temporal gyrus,and bilateral cuneus.In the VLOSLP group,ALFF values in the right precuneus were negatively correlated with Mini Mental State Examination score and PANSS positive subscale score,and VMHC values in the bilateral CAL were negatively correlated with the RBANS total score,RBANS delayed memory score,and PANSS positive subscale score.CONCLUSION The changes of brain activity in VLOSLP are concentrated in the right precuneus and bilateral CAL regions,which may be associated with cognitive impairment and clinically positive symptoms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071909(to GF)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.2023-MS-07(to HL)。
文摘Freezing of gait is a significant and debilitating motor symptom often observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with its multi-level feature indices,has provided a fresh perspective and valuable insight into the study of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.It has been revealed that Parkinson's disease is accompanied by widespread irregularities in inherent brain network activity.However,the effective integration of the multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging into clinical settings for the diagnosis of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease remains a challenge.Although previous studies have demonstrated that radiomics can extract optimal features as biomarkers to identify or predict diseases,a knowledge gap still exists in the field of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the ability of radiomics features based on multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with clinical features,to distinguish between Parkinson's disease patients with and without freezing of gait.We recruited 28 patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait(15 men and 13 women,average age 63 years)and 30 patients with Parkinson's disease who had no freezing of gait(16 men and 14 women,average age 64 years).Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained using a 3.0T scanner to extract the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations,mean regional homogeneity,and degree centrality.Neurological and clinical characteristics were also evaluated.We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm to extract features and established feedforward neural network models based solely on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators.We then performed predictive analysis of three distinct groups based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators indicators combined with clinical features.Subsequently,we conducted 100 additional five-fold cross-validations to determine the most effective model for each classification task and evaluated the performance of the model using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.The results showed that when differentiating patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who did not have freezing of gait,or from healthy controls,the models using only the mean regional homogeneity values achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.750(with an accuracy of 70.9%)and 0.759(with an accuracy of 65.3%),respectively.When classifying patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who had no freezing of gait,the model using the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values combined with two clinical features achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.847(with an accuracy of 74.3%).The most significant features for patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait were amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation alterations in the left parahippocampal gyrus and two clinical characteristics:Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Hamilton Depression Scale scores.Our findings suggest that radiomics features derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indices and clinical information can serve as valuable indices for the identification of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51709064)the Numerical Tank Project sponsored by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)of P.R.China.
文摘A novel numerical model based on the image Green function and first-order Taylor expansion boundary element method(TEBEM), which can improve the accuracy of the hydrodynamic simulation for the non-smooth body, was developed to calculate the side wall effects on first-order motion responses and second-order drift loads upon offshore structures in the wave tank. This model was confirmed by comparing it to the results from experiments on hydrodynamic coefficients, namely the first-order motion response and second-order drift load upon a hemisphere, prolate spheroid, and box-shaped barge in the wave tank. Then,the hydrodynamics of the KVLCC2 model were also calculated in two wave tanks with different widths. It was concluded that this model can predict the hydrodynamics for offshore structures effectively, and the side wall has a significant impact on the firstorder quantities and second-order drift loads, which satisfied the resonant rule.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272064)Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technique Program(No.BK20221461)Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University,Jiangsu Province High-level Hospital Paring Assistance Construction(No.zdlyg08).
文摘Objective Cachexia occurs in approximately half of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients as the disease progresses and is correlated with a poor prognosis.Therefore,early identification of HCC patients at risk of developing cachexia and their prognosis is crucial.This study investigated the functional liver imaging score(FLIS)derived from gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to identify cachexia in HCC patients and their prognosis.Methods Pretreatment clinical and MRI data from 339 HCC patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI scans were retrospectively collected.Patient weights were recorded for 6 months following the MRI scan to diagnose cachexia.The FLIS was calculated as the sum of the enhancement quality score,the excretion quality score,and the portal vein sign quality score.A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the significant factors affecting overall survival(OS).Multivariable logistic regression was then conducted to identify variables predicting cachexia in HCC patients,which were subsequently used to predict OS.Results Cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between cachexia and worse OS.Both FLIS(0–4 vs.5–6 points)(OR,9.20;95%CI:4.68–18.10;P<0.001)andα-fetoprotein>100 ng/mL(OR,4.08;95%CI:2.13–7.83;P<0.001)emerged as significant predictors of cachexia in patients with HCC.Furthermore,FLIS(0–4 vs.5–6 points)(HR,1.73;95%CI:1.19–2.51;P=0.004)was significantly associated with OS.Patients in the FLIS 0–4 points group had shorter OS than those in the FLIS 5–6 points group[20 months(95%CI,14.7–25.3)vs.43 months(95%CI,27.7–58.3);P=0.001].Conclusion Cachexia was associated with worse OS.The functional liver imaging score emerged as a significant predictor of cachexia in HCC patients and their prognosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Research has found that the amygdala plays a significant role in underlying pathology of major depressive disorder(MDD).However,few studies have explored machine learning-assisted diagnostic biomarkers based on amygdala functional connectivity(FC).AIM To investigate the analysis of neuroimaging biomarkers as a streamlined approach for the diagnosis of MDD in adolescents.METHODS Forty-four adolescents diagnosed with MDD and 43 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,the FC was compared between the adolescents with MDD and the healthy controls,with the bilateral amygdala serving as the seed point,followed by statistical analysis of the results.The support vector machine(SVM)method was then applied to classify functional connections in various brain regions and to evaluate the neurophysiological characteristics associated with MDD.RESULTS Compared to the controls and using the bilateral amygdala as the region of interest,patients with MDD showed significantly lower FC values in the left inferior temporal gyrus,bilateral calcarine,right lingual gyrus,and left superior occipital gyrus.However,there was an increase in the FC value in Vermis-10.The SVM analysis revealed that the reduction in the FC value in the right lingual gyrus could effectively differentiate patients with MDD from healthy controls,achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 83.91%,sensitivity of 79.55%,specificity of 88.37%,and an area under the curve of 67.65%.CONCLUSION The results showed that an abnormal FC value in the right lingual gyrus was effective as a neuroimaging biomarker to distinguish patients with MDD from healthy controls.
文摘Background: The mechanisms by which acupuncture affects poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remain unclear. Objective: To investigate brain functional network (BFN) changes in patients with PSCI after acupuncture therapy. Methods: Twenty-two PSCI patients who underwent acupuncture therapy in our hospital were enrolled as research subjects. Another 14 people matched for age, sex, and education level were included in the normal control (HC) group. All the subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans;the PSCI patients underwent one scan before acupuncture therapy and another after. The network metric difference between PSCI patients and HCs was analyzed via the independent-sample t test, whereas the paired-sample t test was employed to analyze the network metric changes in PSCI patients before vs. after treatment. Results: Small-world network attributes were observed in both groups for sparsities between 0.1 and 0.28. Compared with the HC group, the PSCI group presented significantly lower values for the global topological properties (γ, Cp, and Eloc) of the brain;significantly greater values for the nodal attributes of betweenness centrality in the CUN. L and the HES. R, degree centrality in the SFGdor. L, PCG. L, IPL. L, and HES. R, and nodal local efficiency in the ORBsup. R, ORBsupmed. R, DCG. L, SMG. R, and TPOsup. L;and decreased degree centrality in the MFG. R, IFGoperc. R, and SOG. R. After treatment, PSCI patients presented increased degree centrality in the LING.L, LING.R, and IOG. L and nodal local efficiency in PHG. L, IOG. R, FFG. L, and the HES. L, and decreased betweenness centrality in the PCG. L and CUN. L, degree centrality in the ORBsupmed. R, and nodal local efficiency in ANG. R. Conclusion: Cognitive decline in PSCI patients may be related to BFN disorders;acupuncture therapy may modulate the topological properties of the BFNs of PSCI patients.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81922070,81973286,82273897,U23A20516,81801818)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission’s TCM research project(No.2022CX005)+4 种基金Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYCXTDD-202004)Three-year Action Plan for Shanghai TCM Development and Inheritance Program(No.ZY(2021-2023)-0401)Department of Science&Technology of Liaoning Province Grant(No.2022JH2/20200056)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology(No.KF 2202)。
文摘As a vital negative regulator of Wnt signaling pathway,human Notum(hNotum)plays a crucial regulatory role in the progression of many human diseases.Deciphering the relevance of h Notum to human diseases requires practical and reliable tools for visualizing h Notum activity in living systems.Herein,an enzyme-activatable fluorogenic tool(IR-783 octanoate)was rationally engineered for sensing and imaging h Notum activity in living systems by integrating computer-aided molecular design and biochemical assays.IR-783 octanoate showed good optical properties,excellent specificity and high binding-affinity towards h Notum(K_(m)=0.98μmol/L).IR-783 octanoate could be well up-taken into the cancerous cells or tumors that over-expressed organic anion transporting polypeptides(OATPs),and then hydrolyzed by cellular h Notum to release free IR-783 ketone,which created brightly fluorescent signals around 646 nm.Further investigations showed that IR-783 octanoate achieved a good performance for in-situ functional imaging of h Notum in both living cells,cancerous tissues and organs.It was also found that some SW620cells with multipolar spindles could be stained by IR-783 octanoate to emit extremely bright signals,suggesting that this agent could be used as a novel visualizing tool for tracing the cells undergoing abnormal cell mitoses.Collectively,this study devises a highly specific fluorogenic tool for in-situ functional imaging of hNotum in living systems,which offers a practical and reliable tool to dynamically track the changes in h Notum activity under various conditions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160935,No.82260965)Traditional Chinese Medicine Discipline“Qi Huang Ying Cai”Tutor Special Fund Doctoral Program(No.ZYXKBD-202208)+4 种基金Higher Education Innovation Fund Project of Gansu Province(No.2021A-087)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.22JR5RA583)Traditional Chinese Medicine Discipline“Qi Huang Ying Cai”Tutor Special Fund Master’s Supervisor Program(No.ZYXKSD-202220)Youth Research Fund Project of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine(No.ZQ2017-9)Gansu Province 2023 Provincial Key Talent Project(No.2).
文摘AIM:To explore the brain mechanism of acupuncture for children with anisometropic amblyopia using the voxelmirror homotopic connectivity(VMHC)analysis method of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)technology based on clinical effectiveness.METHODS:Eighty children with anisometropic monocular amblyopia were randomly divided into two groups:control(40 cases,1 case of shedding)and acupuncture(40 cases,1 case of shedding)groups.The control group was treated with glasses,red flash,grating,and visual stimulations,with each procedure conducted for 5min per time.Based on routine treatment,the acupuncture group underwent acupuncture of“regulating qi and unblocking meridians to bright eyes”,Jingming(BL1),Cuanzhu(BL2),Guangming(GB37),Fengchi(GB20)acupoints were taken on both sides,with the needle kept for 30min each time.Both groups were treated once every other day,three times per week,for a total of 4wk.After the treatment,the overall curative effect of the two groups and the latency and amplitude changes of P100 wave of pattern visual-evoked potential were counted.At the same time,nine children with left eye amblyopia were randomly selected from the two groups and were scanned with rsfMRI before and after treatment.The differences in the brain regions between the two groups were compared and analyzed with VMHC.RESULTS:Chi-square test showed a notable difference in the total efficiency rate between the acupuncture(94.87%)and control groups(79.49%).Regarding the P100 wave latency and amplitude,the acupuncture group had significantly shorter latency and higher amplitude of P100 wave than the control group.Moreover,the VMHC values of the bilateral temporal lobe,superior temporal gyrus,and middle temporal gyrus were notably increased in the acupuncture group after treatment.CONCLUSION:Acupuncture combined with conventional treatment can significantly improve the corrected visual acuity and optic nerve conduction in children with anisometropic amblyopia.Compared with the conventional treatment,the regulation of acupuncture on the functional activities of the relevant brain areas in the anterior cerebellum may be an effective acupuncture mechanism for anisometropic amblyopia.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Projects(Nos.2021ZD0202000,2021ZD0200800,and 2021ZD0200701)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0706200)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62227807,62202212,U21A20520,and U22A2033)the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(No.23YFGA0004),China.
文摘Thalamocortical circuitry has a substantial impact on emotion and cognition.Previous studies have demonstrated alterations in thalamocortical functional connectivity(FC),characterized by region-dependent hypo-or hyper-connectivity,among individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD).However,the dynamical reconfiguration of the thalamocortical system over time and potential abnormalities in dynamic thalamocortical connectivity associated with MDD remain unclear.Hence,we analyzed dynamic FC(dFC)between ten thalamic subregions and seven cortical subnetworks from resting-state functional magnetic resonance images of 48 patients with MDD and 57 healthy controls(HCs)to investigate time-varying changes in thalamocortical FC in patients with MDD.Moreover,dynamic laterality analysis was conducted to examine the changes in functional lateralization of the thalamocortical system over time.Correlations between the dynamic measures of thalamocortical FC and clinical assessment were also calculated.We identified four dynamic states of thalamocortical circuitry wherein patients with MDD exhibited decreased fractional time and reduced transitions within a negative connectivity state that showed strong correlations with primary cortical networks,compared with the HCs.In addition,MDD patients also exhibited increased fluctuations in functional laterality in the thalamocortical system across the scan duration.The thalamo-subnetwork analysis unveiled abnormal dFC variability involving higher-order cortical networks in the MDD cohort.Significant correlations were found between increased dFC variability with dorsal attention and default mode networks and the severity of symptoms.Our study comprehensively investigated the pattern of alteration of the thalamocortical dFC in MDD patients.The heterogeneous alterations of dFC between the thalamus and both primary and higher-order cortical networks may help characterize the deficits of sensory and cognitive processing in MDD.
基金The study was approved by the Stanford University IRB:53329.
文摘BACKGROUND The functional lumen imaging probe(FLIP)is a Food and Drug Administration approved tool to aid the diagnosis and management of esophageal disorders.However,widespread adoption of FLIP remains limited and its utility in highvolume practices remains unclear.AIM To analyze large sample data on clinical use of FLIP and provide insight on several technical aspects when performing FLIP.METHODS We conducted a retrospective comparative and descriptive analysis of FLIP procedures performed by a single provider at an academic medical center.There was a total of 398 FLIP procedures identified.Patient medical records were reviewed and data regarding demographics and procedural details were collected.Statistical tests,including chi-squared,t-test,and multivariable logistic and linear regression,were performed.RESULTS There was an increase in FLIP cases with each successive time period of 13 months(n=68,146,184,respectively)with notable rises specifically for indications of dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux disease.There was a shift toward use of the longer FLIP balloon catheter for diagnostic purposes(overall 70.4%vs 29.6%,P<0.01).Many cases(42.8%)were performed in conjunction with other diagnostics/interventions,such as dilation and wireless pH probe placement.Procedures were nearly equally performed with anesthesia vs moderate sedation(51.4%anesthesia),with no major complications.Patients who had anesthesia were less likely to have recurrent antegrade contractions[odds ratio(OR)=0.4,95%CI:0.3-0.8]and were also more likely to have absent contractility(OR=2.4,95%CI:1.3-CONCLUSION FLIP cases have increased in our practice with expanding indications for its use.Given limited normative data,providers should be aware of several potential technical issues,including the possible impact of sedation choice when assessing esophageal motility patterns.
基金supported by grants from the Nanjing Medical Technology Development Project(No.YKK19059)Excellent Young Doctor Training Program of Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine(No.2023QB0126)+1 种基金Jiangsu Province Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program Project-School Assisted General Project(No.SJCX23_0804)the General project of Natural Science Foundat。
文摘Ejaculation is regulated by the central nervous system.However,the central pathophysiology of primary intravaginal anejaculation(PIAJ)is unclear.The present study aimed to examine the changes in regional brain activity and functional connectivity underlying PIAJ.A total of 20 PIAJ patients and 16 healthy controls(HCs)were enrolled from September 2020 to September 2022 in the Department of Andrology,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(Nanjing,China).Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from all participants and then were preprocessed.The measures of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF),regional homogeneity(ReHo),and functional connectivity(FC)were calculated and compared between the groups.PIAJ patients showed increased fALFF values in the left precuneus compared with HCs.Additionally,PIAJ patients showed increased ReHo values in the left precuneus,left postcentral gyrus,left superior occipital gyrus,left calcarine fissure,right precuneus,and right middle temporal gyrus,and decreased ReHo values in the left inferior parietal gyrus,compared with HCs.Finally,brain regions with altered fALFF and ReHo values in PIAJ patients showed increased FC with widespread cortical regions,which included the frontal,parietal,temporal,and occipital regions,compared with HCs.In conclusion,increased regional brain activity in the parietal,temporal,and occipital regions,and increased FC between these brain regions,may be associated with PIAJ occurrence.
基金Supported by The 2024 Guizhou Provincial Health Commission Science and Technology Fund Project,No.gzwkj2024-47502022 Provincial Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project。
文摘BACKGROUND Adolescent major depressive disorder(MDD)is a significant mental health concern that often leads to recurrent depression in adulthood.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)offers unique insights into the neural mechanisms underlying this condition.However,despite previous research,the specific vulnerable brain regions affected in adolescent MDD patients have not been fully elucidated.AIM To identify consistent vulnerable brain regions in adolescent MDD patients using rs-fMRI and activation likelihood estimation(ALE)meta-analysis.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search through July 12,2023,for studies investigating brain functional changes in adolescent MDD patients.We utilized regional homogeneity(ReHo),amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF)and fractional ALFF(fALFF)analyses.We compared the regions of aberrant spontaneous neural activity in adolescents with MDD vs healthy controls(HCs)using ALE.RESULTS Ten studies(369 adolescent MDD patients and 313 HCs)were included.Combining the ReHo and ALFF/fALFF data,the results revealed that the activity in the right cuneus and left precuneus was lower in the adolescent MDD patients than in the HCs(voxel size:648 mm3,P<0.05),and no brain region exhibited increased activity.Based on the ALFF data,we found decreased activity in the right cuneus and left precuneus in adolescent MDD patients(voxel size:736 mm3,P<0.05),with no regions exhibiting increased activity.CONCLUSION Through ALE meta-analysis,we consistently identified the right cuneus and left precuneus as vulnerable brain regions in adolescent MDD patients,increasing our understanding of the neuropathology of affected adolescents.
文摘Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness, defined in 2017, is a chronic functional vestibular disorder. Which is characterized by persistent dizziness, unsteadiness, and/or non-spinning vertigo. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In recent years, FMRI studies have provided key insights into the pathogenesis of PPPD. This review summarized functional imaging studies of persistent postural dizziness and its predecessors in recent years and found changes in the activity and functional connectivity of important areas of visual processing, multisensory vestibular and spatial cognition in patients with PPPD. In addition, factors such as stimulation mode, personality traits, mental comorbidities and external vestibular lesions have important effects on brain functional activities and connectivity patterns, and further stratified studies on these factors are needed in the future to further clarify and draw exact conclusions on the pathological mechanism of PPPD.
文摘Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31070758,31271060the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing in China,No.cstc2013jcyj A10085
文摘Visual cortical prostheses have the potential to restore partial vision. Still limited by the low-resolution visual percepts provided by visual cortical prostheses, implant wearers can currently only ＂see＂ pixelized images, and how to obtain the specific brain responses to different pixelized images in the primary visual cortex（the implant area） is still unknown. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment on normal human participants to investigate the brain activation patterns in response to 18 different pixelized images. There were 100 voxels in the brain activation pattern that were selected from the primary visual cortex, and voxel size was 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm. Multi-voxel pattern analysis was used to test if these 18 different brain activation patterns were specific. We chose a Linear Support Vector Machine（LSVM） as the classifier in this study. The results showed that the classification accuracies of different brain activation patterns were significantly above chance level, which suggests that the classifier can successfully distinguish the brain activation patterns. Our results suggest that the specific brain activation patterns to different pixelized images can be obtained in the primary visual cortex using a 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm voxel size and a 100-voxel pattern.
