Global warming has led to a gradual extension of the navigable window for the Arctic Route,providing a realistic possibility for the normalized commercial operation of the Northeast Passage(NEP).Based on the changes i...Global warming has led to a gradual extension of the navigable window for the Arctic Route,providing a realistic possibility for the normalized commercial operation of the Northeast Passage(NEP).Based on the changes in the navigable window of the NEP,Russia’s proposed nuclear-powered icebreaker construction scheme,and China’s potential development of a moderately sized ice-class fleet,this study establishes three scenarios for the commercial operation of the NEP.These scenarios include:(a)normalized summer operational scenario(from July to October each year),(b)normalized summer-autumn operational scenario(from June to January of the following year),and(c)normalized year-round operational scenario(12 months per year).The cargo transportation potential of the NEP under three normalized operational scenarios was predicted based on the grey prediction model.On this basis,construction scale plans for China’s ice-class fleet to meet cargo transportation demands under the three normalized operational scenarios were designed.The economic benefits of different plans were evaluated using a profit-maximization linear programming model.The research results show the following:(1)The cargo transportation potential of the NEP demonstrates a rapid growth trend in the future,with annual throughput under year-round normalized operations expected to exceed 100 million tonnes and reach 297 million tonnes.(2)Under different normalized operational scenarios,the fleet scale and vessel type composition vary.Under the normalized summer operational scenario,the optimal scale for China’s ice-class fleet is 20 vessels,consisting solely of ships classed as PC7 by the International Association of Classification Societies(IACS).Under the normalized summer-autumn operational scenario,the optimal fleet scale is 31 vessels,including 30 IACS PC7 ships and 1 IACS PC3 ship.Under the normalized year-round operational scenario,the optimal fleet scale is 45 vessels,composed of 30 IACS PC7 ships,8 IACS PC3 ships,and 7 IACS PC2 ships.(3)Among the three normalized operational scenarios,the normalized year-round operational scenario yields the best economic benefits for the fleet scale,while the normalized summer operational scenario yields the lowest economic benefits.展开更多
A systematic method was developed for ice-class propeller modeling,performance estimation,strength and integrity evaluation and optimization.To estimate the impact of sea ice on the propeller structure,URI3 rules,esta...A systematic method was developed for ice-class propeller modeling,performance estimation,strength and integrity evaluation and optimization.To estimate the impact of sea ice on the propeller structure,URI3 rules,established by the International Association of Classification Societies in 2007,were applied for ice loading calculations.An R-class propeller(a type of ice-class propeller)was utilized for subsequent investigations.The propeller modeling was simplified based on a conventional method,which expedited the model building process.The propeller performance was simulated using the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.The simulation results were validated by comparison with experimental data.Furthermore,the hydrodynamic pressure was transferred into a finite element analysis(FEA)module for strength assessment of ice-class propellers.According to URI3 rules,the ice loading was estimated based on different polar classes and working cases.Then,the FEA method was utilized to evaluate the propeller strength.The validation showed that the simulation results accorded with recent research results.Finally,an improved optimization method was developed to save the propeller constituent materials.The optimized propeller example had a minimum safety factor of 1.55,satisfying the safety factor requirement of≥1.5,and reduced the design volume to 88.2%of the original.展开更多
In order to accurately forecast the main engine fuel consumption and reduce the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator(EEOI)of merchant ships in polar ice areas,the energy transfer relationship between ship-machine-p...In order to accurately forecast the main engine fuel consumption and reduce the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator(EEOI)of merchant ships in polar ice areas,the energy transfer relationship between ship-machine-propeller is studied by analyzing the complex force situation during ship navigation and building a MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform based on multi-environmental resistance,propeller efficiency,main engine power,fuel consumption,fuel consumption rate and EEOI calculation module.Considering the environmental factors of wind,wave and ice,the route is divided into sections,the calculation of main engine power,main engine fuel consumption and EEOI for each section is completed,and the speed design is optimized based on the simulation model for each section.Under the requirements of the voyage plan,the optimization results show that the energy efficiency operation index of the whole route is reduced by 3.114%and the fuel consumption is reduced by 9.17 t.展开更多
基金Funding by Social Science Research of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China“Study on issues related on the development and utilization of the Arctic Passage”(Grant no.20JHQ016)is acknowledged.
文摘Global warming has led to a gradual extension of the navigable window for the Arctic Route,providing a realistic possibility for the normalized commercial operation of the Northeast Passage(NEP).Based on the changes in the navigable window of the NEP,Russia’s proposed nuclear-powered icebreaker construction scheme,and China’s potential development of a moderately sized ice-class fleet,this study establishes three scenarios for the commercial operation of the NEP.These scenarios include:(a)normalized summer operational scenario(from July to October each year),(b)normalized summer-autumn operational scenario(from June to January of the following year),and(c)normalized year-round operational scenario(12 months per year).The cargo transportation potential of the NEP under three normalized operational scenarios was predicted based on the grey prediction model.On this basis,construction scale plans for China’s ice-class fleet to meet cargo transportation demands under the three normalized operational scenarios were designed.The economic benefits of different plans were evaluated using a profit-maximization linear programming model.The research results show the following:(1)The cargo transportation potential of the NEP demonstrates a rapid growth trend in the future,with annual throughput under year-round normalized operations expected to exceed 100 million tonnes and reach 297 million tonnes.(2)Under different normalized operational scenarios,the fleet scale and vessel type composition vary.Under the normalized summer operational scenario,the optimal scale for China’s ice-class fleet is 20 vessels,consisting solely of ships classed as PC7 by the International Association of Classification Societies(IACS).Under the normalized summer-autumn operational scenario,the optimal fleet scale is 31 vessels,including 30 IACS PC7 ships and 1 IACS PC3 ship.Under the normalized year-round operational scenario,the optimal fleet scale is 45 vessels,composed of 30 IACS PC7 ships,8 IACS PC3 ships,and 7 IACS PC2 ships.(3)Among the three normalized operational scenarios,the normalized year-round operational scenario yields the best economic benefits for the fleet scale,while the normalized summer operational scenario yields the lowest economic benefits.
基金The author would like to thank University of Tasmania and Newcastle University for their support。
文摘A systematic method was developed for ice-class propeller modeling,performance estimation,strength and integrity evaluation and optimization.To estimate the impact of sea ice on the propeller structure,URI3 rules,established by the International Association of Classification Societies in 2007,were applied for ice loading calculations.An R-class propeller(a type of ice-class propeller)was utilized for subsequent investigations.The propeller modeling was simplified based on a conventional method,which expedited the model building process.The propeller performance was simulated using the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.The simulation results were validated by comparison with experimental data.Furthermore,the hydrodynamic pressure was transferred into a finite element analysis(FEA)module for strength assessment of ice-class propellers.According to URI3 rules,the ice loading was estimated based on different polar classes and working cases.Then,the FEA method was utilized to evaluate the propeller strength.The validation showed that the simulation results accorded with recent research results.Finally,an improved optimization method was developed to save the propeller constituent materials.The optimized propeller example had a minimum safety factor of 1.55,satisfying the safety factor requirement of≥1.5,and reduced the design volume to 88.2%of the original.
文摘In order to accurately forecast the main engine fuel consumption and reduce the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator(EEOI)of merchant ships in polar ice areas,the energy transfer relationship between ship-machine-propeller is studied by analyzing the complex force situation during ship navigation and building a MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform based on multi-environmental resistance,propeller efficiency,main engine power,fuel consumption,fuel consumption rate and EEOI calculation module.Considering the environmental factors of wind,wave and ice,the route is divided into sections,the calculation of main engine power,main engine fuel consumption and EEOI for each section is completed,and the speed design is optimized based on the simulation model for each section.Under the requirements of the voyage plan,the optimization results show that the energy efficiency operation index of the whole route is reduced by 3.114%and the fuel consumption is reduced by 9.17 t.
