In_(2)O_(3) is well known for its ability to activate CO_(2),forming methanol.Indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3)) catalysts are often complemented by Pd to enhance hydrogen activation and spillover during CO_(2) activation.In r...In_(2)O_(3) is well known for its ability to activate CO_(2),forming methanol.Indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3)) catalysts are often complemented by Pd to enhance hydrogen activation and spillover during CO_(2) activation.In reducing conditions,there is also a tendency for In_(2)O_(3) to be reduced and form InPd alloys.Since the InPd/In_(2)O_(3)interface plays a critical role in CO_(2) hydrogenation,the formation of InPd alloys in In-Pd bimetallic catalysts should be carefully controlled to optimize catalytic performance towards forming methanol.This work reports a method exploiting the Br??nsted acidity of ZSM-5 zeolites,which acts as a support to modulate the extent of formation of InPd alloys,thereby fine-tuning the formation of InPd/In_(2)O_(3) interfaces and the resulting CO_(2) hydrogenation performance.Characterization of Pd-In/ZSM-5 catalysts revealed that a low Si/Al ratio promotes the reduction of In_(2)O_(3) and the formation of InPd alloy.At a Si/Al ratio of 35(i.e., Pd-In/ZSM-5-35),the molar ratio of metallic In to In_(2)O_(3) was approximately 9:1,while in the absence of any acidic site,the ratio approached 1:1.At 4.0 MPa and 300℃,Pd-In/Silicate-1 affords 8.2% CO_(2) conversion and over 80% methanol selectivity,with a methanol yield tripling that of Pd-In/ZSM-5-35.The results highlight that the synergistic interface of In-Pd alloys and In_(2)O_(3) is crucial for methanol synthesis from CO_(2) hydrogenation.展开更多
通过比较国内外工业设计的发展现状,指出国内工业设计在落实阶段存在的几点误区,引出我国合理并大力发展工业设计的必要性与紧迫性;通过利用iNPD(integrated New Product Development)技术的工业设计方法对SET系列因素(社会趋势、经济...通过比较国内外工业设计的发展现状,指出国内工业设计在落实阶段存在的几点误区,引出我国合理并大力发展工业设计的必要性与紧迫性;通过利用iNPD(integrated New Product Development)技术的工业设计方法对SET系列因素(社会趋势、经济动力和先进技术3个主要方面的因素)的影响进行综合分析研究,以及通过分析产品价值机会属性的工业设计方法,对高价值产品进行有效的预测和评估;并结合两个实际项目阐述合理运用工业设计方法将高新科技产品化、市场化的优势。展开更多
基金financially supported by the Singapore LowCarbon Energy Research Funding Initiative hosted under A*STAR for the financial support (Award No. U2102d2006)the Diamond Light Source for the provision of beamtime (proposal number SP34632-3 BAG2024_XAS_027)funding from UKRI EP/N509528/1 (project number 2875474)。
文摘In_(2)O_(3) is well known for its ability to activate CO_(2),forming methanol.Indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3)) catalysts are often complemented by Pd to enhance hydrogen activation and spillover during CO_(2) activation.In reducing conditions,there is also a tendency for In_(2)O_(3) to be reduced and form InPd alloys.Since the InPd/In_(2)O_(3)interface plays a critical role in CO_(2) hydrogenation,the formation of InPd alloys in In-Pd bimetallic catalysts should be carefully controlled to optimize catalytic performance towards forming methanol.This work reports a method exploiting the Br??nsted acidity of ZSM-5 zeolites,which acts as a support to modulate the extent of formation of InPd alloys,thereby fine-tuning the formation of InPd/In_(2)O_(3) interfaces and the resulting CO_(2) hydrogenation performance.Characterization of Pd-In/ZSM-5 catalysts revealed that a low Si/Al ratio promotes the reduction of In_(2)O_(3) and the formation of InPd alloy.At a Si/Al ratio of 35(i.e., Pd-In/ZSM-5-35),the molar ratio of metallic In to In_(2)O_(3) was approximately 9:1,while in the absence of any acidic site,the ratio approached 1:1.At 4.0 MPa and 300℃,Pd-In/Silicate-1 affords 8.2% CO_(2) conversion and over 80% methanol selectivity,with a methanol yield tripling that of Pd-In/ZSM-5-35.The results highlight that the synergistic interface of In-Pd alloys and In_(2)O_(3) is crucial for methanol synthesis from CO_(2) hydrogenation.
文摘通过比较国内外工业设计的发展现状,指出国内工业设计在落实阶段存在的几点误区,引出我国合理并大力发展工业设计的必要性与紧迫性;通过利用iNPD(integrated New Product Development)技术的工业设计方法对SET系列因素(社会趋势、经济动力和先进技术3个主要方面的因素)的影响进行综合分析研究,以及通过分析产品价值机会属性的工业设计方法,对高价值产品进行有效的预测和评估;并结合两个实际项目阐述合理运用工业设计方法将高新科技产品化、市场化的优势。
